[SyncFS] Make routines using metadata database run asynchronously.
Some methods not used in product code keep to call GetMetadataDatabase directly.
BUG=
347425
TEST=./unit_tests --gtest_filter="DriveBackendSyncTest.*:SyncEngine*:Conflict*:RegisterApp*:RemoteTo*:LocalTo*:ListChange*:MetadataDatabase*:TaskDep*"
Committed:
https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?view=rev&revision=274213