third_party/WebKit/PerformanceTests/HTMLToDOM/wikipedia-markup.txt - Issue 2189533004: Add blink_perf.html_to_dom benchmark.

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Index: third_party/WebKit/PerformanceTests/HTMLToDOM/wikipedia-markup.txt

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+<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">This article is about the cat species that is commonly kept as a pet. For the cat family, see <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cat_(disambiguation)" title="Cat (disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig">Cat (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats_(disambiguation)" title="Cats (disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig">Cats (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

+<div>

+<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)">Domestic cat<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a></th>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_poster_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Cat poster 1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cat_poster_1.jpg/250px-Cat_poster_1.jpg" width="250" height="164" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cat_poster_1.jpg/375px-Cat_poster_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cat_poster_1.jpg/500px-Cat_poster_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5935" data-file-height="3898"></a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Six different breeds of cats.</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)">

+<th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></th>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td colspan="2">

+<div style="text-align: center">Domesticated</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)"><a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Kingdom:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Phylum:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Class:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Order:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Family:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Subfamily:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Genus:</td>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td>Species:</td>

+<td>F. catus</td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Felis catus<a href="#cite_note-ITIS_F.c.-2">[2]</a>

+<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a><a href="#cite_note-Linaeus1758-3">[3]</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211,211,164)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a></th>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">

+<a href="/wiki/Felis_silvestris" title="Felis silvestris" class="mw-redirect">Felis silvestris</a> catus (<a href="/wiki/Subjective_synonym" title="Subjective synonym" class="mw-redirect">subjective synonym</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a>

+Felis catus domestica (invalid <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" title="Junior synonym" class="mw-redirect">junior synonym</a>)<a href="#cite_note-ITIS_F.c.d.-5">[5]</a>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</div>

+The domestic cat<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITIS_F.c.-2">[2]</a> (Felis catus<a href="#cite_note-ITIS_F.c.-2">[2]</a> or Felis silvestris catus<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a>) is a small, usually <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">furry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>. They are often called a housecat when kept as an indoor pet,<a href="#cite_note-AHD-6">[6]</a> or simply a cat when there is no need to distinguish them from other <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">felines</a>. Cats are often valued by humans for companionship, and their ability to hunt <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a> and household pests.

+Cats are similar in <a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">anatomy</a> to the other felids, with strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. <a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Cat senses</a> fit a <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> and predatory <a href="/wiki/Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">ecological niche</a>. Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals. They can see in near darkness. Like most other mammals, cats have poorer <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color vision</a> and a better <a href="/wiki/Olfaction" title="Olfaction">sense of smell</a> than humans.

+Despite being solitary hunters, cats are a <a href="/wiki/Social_animal" title="Social animal">social species</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">cat communication</a> includes the use of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">vocalizations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">mewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trilling</a>, hissing, <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guttural" title="Guttural">grunting</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Cat_pheromone" title="Cat pheromone">cat pheromones</a>, and types of <a href="/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language" class="mw-redirect">cat-specific body language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moelk-7">[7]</a>

+Cats have a high breeding rate. Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as <a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">registered</a> pedigree pets, a hobby known as <a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy" class="mw-redirect">cat fancy</a>. Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutering</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">abandonment of former household pets</a>, has resulted in large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cats</a> worldwide, requiring <a href="/wiki/Animal_population_control" title="Animal population control" class="mw-redirect">population control</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-8">[8]</a>

+Since cats were <a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">cult animals in ancient Egypt</a>, they were commonly believed to have been domesticated there,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a> but there may have been instances of domestication as early as the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> from around 9500 years ago (7500 BC).<a href="#cite_note-Science_Magazine-10">[10]</a> A genetic study in 2007 concluded that domestic cats are descended from <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcats</a> (Felis silvestris lybica), having diverged around 8000 BC in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia" class="mw-redirect">West Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-9500_years-11">[11]</a> Cats are the most popular pet in the world, and are now found in almost every place where humans live.<a href="#cite_note-SciAm-12">[12]</a>

+

+<div id="toc" class="toc">

+<div id="toctitle">

+<h2>Contents</h2>

+ [<a href="#" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </div>

+<ul>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nomenclature_and_etymology">1 Nomenclature and etymology</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Taxonomy_and_evolution">2 Taxonomy and evolution</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Genetics">3 Genetics</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Anatomy">4 Anatomy</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Physiology">5 Physiology</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Senses">6 Senses</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Health">7 Health</a>

+<ul>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Diseases">7.1 Diseases</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Poisoning">7.2 Poisoning</a></li>

+</ul>

+</li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Behavior">8 Behavior</a>

+<ul>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sociability">8.1 Sociability</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Grooming">8.2 Grooming</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Fighting">8.3 Fighting</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Hunting_and_feeding">8.4 Hunting and feeding</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Play">8.5 Play</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Reproduction">8.6 Reproduction</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Vocalizations">8.7 Vocalizations</a></li>

+</ul>

+</li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Ecology">9 Ecology</a>

+<ul>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Habitats">9.1 Habitats</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Feral_cats">9.2 Feral cats</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Impact_on_prey_species">9.3 Impact on prey species</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Impact_on_birds">9.4 Impact on birds</a></li>

+</ul>

+</li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Cats_and_humans">10 Cats and humans</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#History_and_mythology">11 History and mythology</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#References">13 References</a></li>

+<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_links">14 External links</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+

+<h2>Nomenclature and etymology</h2>

+The English word '<a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:cat">cat</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> catt) is in origin a loanword, introduced to many <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">languages of Europe</a> from Latin cattus<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" title="Byzantine Greek" class="mw-redirect">Byzantine Greek</a> κάττα, including <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> gato, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> chat, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> Katze, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> katė and <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> kotka, among others.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The ultimate source of the word is <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a>, presumably from <a href="/wiki/Late_Egyptian" title="Late Egyptian" class="mw-redirect">Late Egyptian</a> čaute,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> the feminine of čaus "wildcat". The word was introduced, together with the domestic animal itself, to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> by the first century BC.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] An alternative word with cognates in many languages is English '<a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puss#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:puss">puss</a>' ('pussycat'). Attested only from the 16th century, it may have been introduced from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> poes or from <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> puuskatte, related to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> kattepus, or <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> pus, pusekatt. Similar forms exist in Lithuanian puižė and <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> puiscín. The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have simply arisen from a sound used to attract a cat.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-17">[17]</a>

+A group of cats is referred to as a "clowder" or a "glaring",<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> a male cat is called a "tom" or "tomcat"<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> (or a "gib",<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> if neutered), an <a href="/wiki/Spaying" title="Spaying" class="mw-redirect">unaltered</a> female is called a "queen",<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and a prepubescent juvenile is referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a>". Although spayed females have no commonly used name, in some rare instances, an immature or spayed female is referred to as a "molly".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The male progenitor of a cat, especially a pedigreed cat, is its "sire",<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and its female progenitor is its "dam".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a>, the word 'kitten' was interchangeable with the now-obsolete word 'catling'.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

+A <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(cat)" title="Pedigree (cat)" class="mw-redirect">pedigreed cat</a> is one whose ancestry is recorded by a <a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy" class="mw-redirect">cat fancier</a> organization. A <a href="/wiki/Purebred_cat" title="Purebred cat" class="mw-redirect">purebred cat</a> is one whose ancestry contains only individuals of the same breed. Many pedigreed and especially purebred cats are exhibited as <a href="/wiki/Show_cat" title="Show cat">show cats</a>. Cats of unrecorded, mixed ancestry are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Domestic_short-haired_cat" title="Domestic short-haired cat">domestic short-haired</a> or <a href="/wiki/Domestic_long-haired_cat" title="Domestic long-haired cat">domestic long-haired cats</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a> type, or commonly as random-bred, moggies (chiefly <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a>), or (using terms borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Dog_breeds" title="Dog breeds" class="mw-redirect">dog breeding</a>) mongrels or mutt-cats.

+While the <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a> is the ancestral subspecies from which domestic cats are descended, and wildcats and domestic cats can completely interbreed, several intermediate stages occur between domestic pet and pedigree cats on one hand and those entirely wild animals on the other. The semiferal cat, a mostly outdoor cat, is not owned by any one individual, but is generally friendly to people and may be fed by several households. <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cats</a> are associated with human habitation areas and may be fed by people or forage in rubbish, but are typically wary of human interaction.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw1999-25">[25]</a>

+<h2>Taxonomy and evolution</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_gap#Cat_evolution" title="Cat gap">Cat evolution</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AfricanWildCat.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/AfricanWildCat.jpg/220px-AfricanWildCat.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/AfricanWildCat.jpg/330px-AfricanWildCat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/AfricanWildCat.jpg/440px-AfricanWildCat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:AfricanWildCat.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+The African wildcat, Felis silvestris lybica, is the ancestor of the domestic cat.</div>

+</div>

+The felids are a rapidly evolving family of mammals that share a common ancestor only 10–15 million years ago<a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1997-26">[26]</a> and include <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tigers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougars</a> and many others. Within this family, domestic cats (Felis catus) are part of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a>, which is a group of small cats containing about seven species (depending upon classification scheme).<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITIS_F.-27">[27]</a> Members of the genus are found worldwide and include the <a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">jungle cat</a> (Felis chaus) of southeast Asia, <a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat</a> (F. silvestris silvestris), <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a> (F. s. lybica), the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat</a> (F. bieti), and the Arabian <a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">sand cat</a> (F. margarita), among others.<a href="#cite_note-Stefoff-28">[28]</a>

+The domestic cat was first classified as Felis catus by <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect">Carolus Linnaeus</a> in the 10th edition of his <a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a> in 1758.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Linaeus1758-3">[3]</a> Because of modern <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">phylogenetics</a>, domestic cats are usually regarded as another subspecies of the wildcat, F. silvestris.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fs-29">[29]</a> This has resulted in mixed usage of the terms, as the domestic cat can be called by its subspecies name, Felis silvestris catus.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fs-29">[29]</a> Wildcats have also been referred to as various subspecies of F. catus,<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fs-29">[29]</a> but in 2003, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> fixed the name for wildcats as F. silvestris.<a href="#cite_note-ICZN-30">[30]</a> The most common name in use for the domestic cat remains F. catus, following a <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">convention</a> for domesticated animals of using the earliest (the senior) <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonym</a> proposed.<a href="#cite_note-ICZN-30">[30]</a> Sometimes, the domestic cat has been called Felis domesticus<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> or Felis domestica,<a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-1">[1]</a> as proposed by German naturalist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben" title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben">J. C. P. Erxleben</a> in 1777 but these are not valid taxonomic names and have been used only rarely in scientific literature,<a href="#cite_note-Baron-32">[32]</a> because Linnaeus's binomial takes precedence.<a href="#cite_note-Vella-33">[33]</a> A population of <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasus" title="Transcaucasus" class="mw-redirect">Transcaucasian</a> black feral cats was once classified as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felis_daemon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felis daemon (page does not exist)">Felis daemon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Alekseevich_Satunin" title="Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin">Satunin</a> 1904) but now this population is considered to be a part of domestic cat.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

+All the cats in this genus share a common ancestor that probably lived around 6–7 million years ago in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson-35">[35]</a> The exact relationships within the Felidae are close but still uncertain,<a href="#cite_note-Mattern-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Masuda_1996-37">[37]</a> e.g. the Chinese mountain cat is sometimes classified (under the name Felis silvestris bieti) as a <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of the wildcat, like the North African variety F. s. lybica.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mattern-36">[36]</a>

+In comparison to dogs cats have not undergone major changes during the domestication process, as the form and behavior of the domestic cat is not radically different from those of wildcats and domestic cats are perfectly capable of surviving in the wild.<a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-CameronBeaumont-39">[39]</a> Fully domesticated house cats often interbreed with <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral" class="mw-redirect">feral</a> F. catus populations.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw1999-25">[25]</a> This limited evolution during domestication, means that hybridisation can <a href="/wiki/Felid_hybrid#Domestic_cat_and_hybridization" title="Felid hybrid">occur with many other felids</a> notably the Asian <a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">leopard cat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-40">[40]</a> Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have <a href="/wiki/Preadaptation" title="Preadaptation" class="mw-redirect">preadapted</a> them for domestication as pets.<a href="#cite_note-CameronBeaumont-39">[39]</a> These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play and relatively high intelligence;<a href="#cite_note-Fogle-41">[41]</a>:12–17 they may also have an inborn tendency towards tameness.<a href="#cite_note-CameronBeaumont-39">[39]</a>

+Cats have either a <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutualistic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensal</a> relationship with humans. Two main theories are given about how cats were domesticated. In one, people deliberately tamed cats in a process of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" title="Artificial selection" class="mw-redirect">artificial selection</a>, as they were useful predators of vermin.<a href="#cite_note-OConnor-42">[42]</a> This has been criticized as implausible, because the reward for such an effort may have been too little; cats generally do not carry out commands and although they do eat rodents, other species such as <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferrets</a> or <a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">terriers</a> may be better at controlling these pests.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a> The alternative idea is that cats were simply tolerated by people and gradually diverged from their wild relatives through <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>, as they adapted to hunting the vermin found around humans in towns and villages.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a>

+<h2>Genetics</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Cat genetics</a></div>

+The domesticated cat and its closest wild ancestor are both <a href="/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid" class="mw-redirect">diploid</a> organisms that possess 38 <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a><a href="#cite_note-Nie_2002-43">[43]</a> and roughly 20,000 genes.<a href="#cite_note-pmid17975172-44">[44]</a> About 250 heritable <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a> have been identified in cats, many similar to human <a href="/wiki/Inborn_error_of_metabolism" title="Inborn error of metabolism">inborn errors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-O.27Brien-45">[45]</a> The high level of similarity among the <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> of mammals allows many of these feline diseases to be diagnosed using <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic tests</a> that were originally developed for use in humans, as well as the use of cats as <a href="/wiki/Animal_model" title="Animal model" class="mw-redirect">animal models</a> in the study of the human diseases.<a href="#cite_note-Sewell_2007-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-47">[47]</a>

+<h2>Anatomy</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Cat anatomy</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg&lang=en" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/350px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png" width="350" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/525px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/700px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="432"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Diagram of the general <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> of a male</div>

+</div>

+Domestic cats are similar in size to the other members of the genus Felis, typically weighing between 4 and 5 kg (8.8 and 11.0 lb).<a href="#cite_note-Mattern-36">[36]</a> However, some <a href="/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed" class="mw-redirect">breeds</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a>, can occasionally exceed 11 kg (25 lb). Conversely, very small cats (less than 1.8 kg (4.0 lb)) have been reported.<a href="#cite_note-Hartwell_2007-48">[48]</a> The world record for the largest cat is 21.3 kg (47 lb).<a href="#cite_note-World_Records-49">[49]</a> The smallest adult cat ever officially recorded weighed around 1.36 kg (3.0 lb).<a href="#cite_note-World_Records-49">[49]</a> Feral cats tend to be lighter as they have more limited access to food than house cats. In the <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> area, the average feral adult male will weigh 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) and average feral female 3.3 kg (7.3 lb).<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Cats average about 23–25 cm (9–10 in) in height and 46 cm (18.1 in) in head/body length (males being larger than females), with tails averaging 30 cm (11.8 in) in length.<a href="#cite_note-Animal_Bytes-51">[51]</a>

+Cats have seven <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a>, as do almost all <a href="/wiki/Mammals" title="Mammals" class="mw-redirect">mammals</a>; 13 <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic vertebrae</a> (humans have 12); seven <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae">lumbar vertebrae</a> (humans have five); three <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacral vertebrae</a> like most mammals (humans have five); and a variable number of <a href="/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae" class="mw-redirect">caudal vertebrae</a> in the tail (humans retain three to five caudal vertebrae, fused into an internal <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Walker-52">[52]</a>:11 The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's spinal mobility and flexibility. Attached to the spine are 13 ribs, the shoulder, and the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-52">[52]</a> :16 Unlike human arms, cat forelimbs are attached to the shoulder by free-floating <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a> bones which allow them to pass their bodies through any space into which they can fit their heads.<a href="#cite_note-Gillis_2002-53">[53]</a>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_skull.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/220px-Cat_skull.jpg" width="220" height="155" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/330px-Cat_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/440px-Cat_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="578"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_skull.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Cat skull</div>

+</div>

+The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large <a href="/wiki/Eye_socket" title="Eye socket" class="mw-redirect">eye sockets</a> and a powerful and specialized jaw.<a href="#cite_note-Case-54">[54]</a>:35 Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and tearing meat. When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine teeth</a>, inserting them between two of the prey's vertebrae and severing its <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>, causing irreversible <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> and death.<a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55">[55]</a> Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly spaced canine teeth, which is an adaptation to their preferred prey of small rodents, which have small vertebrae.<a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolar</a> and first <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molar</a> together compose the <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassial</a> pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently shears meat into small pieces, like a pair of <a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">scissors</a>. These are vital in feeding, since cats' small <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a> cannot chew food effectively.<a href="#cite_note-Case-54">[54]</a>:37

+Cats, like dogs, are <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrades</a>. They walk directly on their toes, with the bones of their feet making up the lower part of the visible leg.<a href="#cite_note-Lacquaniti_1999-56">[56]</a> Cats are capable of walking very precisely, because like all <a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">felines</a>, they directly register; that is, they place each hind paw (almost) directly in the print of the corresponding fore paw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for their hind paws when they navigate rough terrain. Unlike most mammals, when cats walk, they use a "pacing" <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a>; that is, they move the two legs on one side of the body before the legs on the other side. This trait is shared with <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffes</a>. As a walk speeds up into a trot, a cat's gait changes to be a "diagonal" gait, similar to that of most other mammals (and many other land animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>): the diagonally opposite hind and fore legs move simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2004-57">[57]</a>

+Like almost all members of the Felidae, cats have protractable and retractable <a href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Russell_2001-58">[58]</a> In their normal, relaxed position, the claws are sheathed with the skin and <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Paw" title="Paw">paw</a>'s toe pads. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the fore feet are typically sharper than those on the hind feet.<a href="#cite_note-Armes_1900-59">[59]</a> Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, <a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)" class="mw-redirect">kneading</a>, or for extra traction on soft surfaces. Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws.<a href="#cite_note-Danforth1947-60">[60]</a> The fifth front claw (the <a href="/wiki/Dewclaw" title="Dewclaw">dewclaw</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Proximal" title="Proximal" class="mw-redirect">proximal</a> to the other claws. More proximally is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws, on the inside of the wrists, is the carpal pad, also found on the paws of <a href="/wiki/Big_cat" title="Big cat">big cats</a> and of dogs. It has no function in normal walking, but is thought to be an antiskidding device used while jumping. Some breeds of cats are prone to <a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">polydactyly</a> (extra toes and claws).<a href="#cite_note-Danforth1947-60">[60]</a> These are particularly common along the northeast coast of North America.<a href="#cite_note-Lettice_2008-61">[61]</a>

+<h2>Physiology</h2>

+<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; margin:10px">

+<caption>Normal physiological values<a href="#cite_note-Kahn-62">[62]</a>:330</caption>

+<tbody><tr>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Body_temperature" title="Body temperature" class="mw-redirect">Body temperature</a></td>

+<td>38.6 °C (101.5 °F)</td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">Heart rate</a></td>

+<td>120–140 beats per minute</td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<td><a href="/wiki/Breathing_rate" title="Breathing rate" class="mw-redirect">Breathing rate</a></td>

+<td>16–40 breaths per minute</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Termografia_kot.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Termografia_kot.jpg/220px-Termografia_kot.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Termografia_kot.jpg/330px-Termografia_kot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Termografia_kot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Termografia_kot.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Thermograph</div>

+</div>

+Cats are familiar and easily kept animals, and their physiology has been particularly well studied; it generally resembles that of other carnivorous mammals, but displays several unusual features probably attributable to cats' descent from desert-dwelling species.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> For instance, cats are able to tolerate quite high temperatures: Humans generally start to feel uncomfortable when their skin temperature passes about 38 °C (100 °F), but cats show no discomfort until their skin reaches around 52 °C (126 °F),<a href="#cite_note-Case-54">[54]</a>:46 and can tolerate temperatures of up to 56 °C (133 °F) if they have access to water.<a href="#cite_note-SDCN-63">[63]</a>

+Cats conserve heat by reducing the flow of blood to their skin and lose heat by evaporation through their mouths. Cats have minimal ability to sweat, with glands located primarily in their paw pads,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">pant for heat relief</a> only at very high temperatures<a href="#cite_note-Adams_1970-65">[65]</a> (but may also pant when stressed). A cat's body temperature does not vary throughout the day; this is part of cats' general lack of <a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythms</a> and may reflect their tendency to be active both during the day and at night.<a href="#cite_note-CAN-66">[66]</a>:1 Cats' feces are comparatively dry and their urine is highly concentrated, both of which are adaptations to allow cats to retain as much water as possible.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> Their kidneys are so efficient, they can survive on a diet consisting only of meat, with no additional water,<a href="#cite_note-Prentiss_1959-67">[67]</a> and can even rehydrate by drinking <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CAN-66">[66]</a>:29<a href="#cite_note-Wolf_1959-68">[68]</a>

+Cats are <a href="/wiki/Obligate_carnivores" title="Obligate carnivores" class="mw-redirect">obligate carnivores</a>: their <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> has evolved to efficiently process meat, and they have difficulty digesting plant matter.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivores</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>, which only require about 4% protein in their diet, about 20% of a cat's diet must be protein.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> Cats are unusually dependent on a constant supply of the <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">arginine</a>, and a diet lacking arginine causes marked weight loss and can be rapidly fatal.<a href="#cite_note-Morris_1978-69">[69]</a> Another unusual feature is that the cat cannot produce <a href="/wiki/Taurine" title="Taurine">taurine</a>, with taurine deficiency causing <a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">macular degeneration</a>, wherein the cat's retina slowly degenerates, causing irreversible blindness.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> Since cats tend to eat all of their prey, they obtain minerals by digesting animal bones, and a diet composed only of meat may cause <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> deficiency.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a>

+A cat's <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract" class="mw-redirect">gastrointestinal tract</a> is adapted to meat eating, being much shorter than that of omnivores and having low levels of several of the <a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</a> needed to digest carbohydrates.<a href="#cite_note-Zoran-70">[70]</a> These traits severely limit the cat's ability to digest and use plant-derived nutrients, as well as certain <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zoran-70">[70]</a> Despite the cat's meat-oriented physiology, several vegetarian or vegan cat foods have been marketed that are supplemented with <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">chemically synthesized</a> taurine and other nutrients, in attempts to produce a complete diet. However, some of these products still fail to provide all the nutrients cats require,<a href="#cite_note-Gray_2004-71">[71]</a> and diets containing no animal products pose the risk of causing severe nutritional deficiencies.<a href="#cite_note-Zaghini-72">[72]</a>

+Cats do eat <a href="/wiki/Grass" title="Grass">grass</a> occasionally. A proposed explanations is that cats use grass as a source of <a href="/wiki/Folic_acid" title="Folic acid">folic acid</a>. Another proposed explanation is that it is used to supply <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EatGrass-73">[73]</a>

+<h2>Senses</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Cat senses</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:TapetumLucidum.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/220px-TapetumLucidum.JPG" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/330px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/440px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2127" data-file-height="1518"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:TapetumLucidum.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Reflection of camera flash from the tapetum lucidum</div>

+</div>

+Cats have excellent <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision.<a href="#cite_note-Case-54">[54]</a>:43 This is partly the result of cat eyes having a <a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum lucidum</a>, which reflects any light that passes through the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light.<a href="#cite_note-Olliver_2004-74">[74]</a> Another adaptation to dim light is the large pupils of cats' eyes. Unlike some big cats, such as tigers, domestic cats have <a href="/wiki/Pupil#In_other_animals" title="Pupil">slit pupils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malmstrom-75">[75]</a> These slit pupils can focus bright light without <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">chromatic aberration</a>, and are needed since the domestic cat's pupils are much larger, relative to their eyes, than the pupils of the big cats.<a href="#cite_note-Malmstrom-75">[75]</a> Indeed, at low light levels a cat's pupils will expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes.<a href="#cite_note-Hammond_1985-76">[76]</a> However, domestic cats have rather poor <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color vision</a> and (like most nonprimate mammals) have only two types of <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cones</a>, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; they have limited ability to distinguish between red and green.<a href="#cite_note-Loop_1978-77">[77]</a> A 1993 paper reported a response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">rods</a> which might be due to a third type of cone. However, this appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic</a> vision.<a href="#cite_note-Schneider_1993-78">[78]</a>

+Cats have excellent hearing and can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies. They can hear higher-pitched sounds than either dogs or humans, detecting frequencies from 55 Hz to 79,000 Hz, a range of 10.5 octaves, while humans and dogs both have ranges of about 9 octaves.<a href="#cite_note-PMID15472899-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-H._Heffner_1998-80">[80]</a> Cats can hear <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, which is probably important in hunting rather than intra-specific communication<a href="#cite_note-Sunquist-81">[81]</a> because many species of rodents make ultrasonic calls.<a href="#cite_note-Blumberg_1992-82">[82]</a> Cats' hearing is also sensitive and among the best of any mammal,<a href="#cite_note-PMID15472899-79">[79]</a> being most acute in the range of 500 Hz to 32 kHz.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> This sensitivity is further enhanced by the cat's large movable outer ears (their <a href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)" title="Pinna (anatomy)" class="mw-redirect">pinnae</a>), which both amplify sounds and help detect the direction of a noise.<a href="#cite_note-Sunquist-81">[81]</a>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittyply_edit1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/220px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/330px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/440px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittyply_edit1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Cats' whiskers are highly sensitive to touch.</div>

+</div>

+Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their well-developed <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a> and a large surface of <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_mucosa" title="Olfactory mucosa">olfactory mucosa</a>, about 5.8 cm2 (0.90 in2) in area, which is about twice that of humans.<a href="#cite_note-Moulton_1967-84">[84]</a> Cats are sensitive to <a href="/wiki/Cat_pheromone" title="Cat pheromone">pheromones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol" title="3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol" class="mw-redirect">3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-felinine-85">[85]</a> which they use to communicate through <a href="/wiki/Urine_spraying" title="Urine spraying" class="mw-redirect">urine spraying</a> and marking with <a href="/wiki/Scent_glands" title="Scent glands" class="mw-redirect">scent glands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-86">[86]</a> Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain <a href="/wiki/Nepetalactone" title="Nepetalactone">nepetalactone</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip" class="mw-redirect">catnip</a>, as they can detect that substance at less than one part per billion.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> About 70—80% of cats are affected by nepetalactone.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> This response is also produced by other plants, such as silver vine (<a href="/wiki/Actinidia_polygama" title="Actinidia polygama">Actinidia polygama</a>) and the herb <a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a>; it may be caused by the smell of these plants mimicking a pheromone and stimulating cats' social or sexual behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-Tucker-89">[89]</a>

+Cats have relatively few taste buds compared to humans. Domestic and wild cats share a gene mutation that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste <a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">sweetness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Their <a href="/wiki/Taste_bud" title="Taste bud">taste buds</a> instead respond to amino acids, bitter tastes, and acids.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw2006-91">[91]</a>

+To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable <a href="/wiki/Vibrissa" title="Vibrissa" class="mw-redirect">whiskers (vibrissae)</a> over their bodies, especially their faces. These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective <a href="/wiki/Blink_reflex" title="Blink reflex" class="mw-redirect">blink reflexes</a> to protect the eyes from damage.<a href="#cite_note-Case-54">[54]</a>:47

+<h2>Health</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Cat health</a></div>

+The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent years. In the early 1980s it was about seven years,<a href="#cite_note-Kraft_1998-92">[92]</a>:33<a href="#cite_note-Nassar_1984-93">[93]</a> rising to 9.4 years in 1995<a href="#cite_note-Kraft_1998-92">[92]</a>:33 and 12.1 years in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Banfield_2013_report-94">[94]</a> However, cats have been reported as surviving into their 30s,<a href="#cite_note-30yo-95">[95]</a> with the oldest known cat, <a href="/wiki/Creme_Puff_(cat)" title="Creme Puff (cat)">Creme Puff</a>, dying at a verified age of 38.<a href="#cite_note-G2010-96">[96]</a>

+Spaying or neutering increases life expectancy: one study found neutered male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females.<a href="#cite_note-Kraft_1998-92">[92]</a>:35 Non-neutered cats in the U.S. are four times as likely to be hit by a car as a neutered cat, and are three times more likely to require treatment for an animal bite.<a href="#cite_note-Banfield_2013_report-94">[94]</a> Having a cat <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a> confers health benefits, because castrated males cannot develop <a href="/wiki/Testicular_cancer" title="Testicular cancer">testicular cancer</a>, spayed females cannot develop <a href="/wiki/Uterine_cancer" title="Uterine cancer">uterine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>, and both have a reduced risk of <a href="/wiki/Mammary_tumor" title="Mammary tumor">mammary cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-spay-neuter-97">[97]</a>

+Despite widespread concern about the welfare of free-roaming cats, the lifespans of neutered feral cats in managed colonies compare favourably with those of pet cats.<a href="#cite_note-Levy_2003-98">[98]</a>:45<a href="#cite_note-Levy_2004-99">[99]</a>:1358 Neutered cats in managed colonies can also live long lives.<a href="#cite_note-Globe_interview_Parliament_Hill_Cat_sanctuary_closing-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Remfry_1996-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-TNR_Works_Merrimack_River-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-TNR_Works_Washington_DC-103">[103]</a>

+<h3>Diseases</h3>

+Cats can suffer from a wide range of health problems, including infectious diseases, parasites, injuries, and chronic disease. <a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccinations</a> are available for many of these diseases, and domestic cats are regularly given treatments to eliminate parasites such as worms and fleas.

+<h3>Poisoning</h3>

+In addition to obvious dangers such as <a href="/wiki/Rodenticide" title="Rodenticide">rodenticides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticides</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a>, cats may be poisoned by many chemicals usually considered safe by their human guardians,<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a> because their livers are less effective at some forms of <a href="/wiki/Detoxification" title="Detoxification">detoxification</a> than those of many other animals, including humans and dogs.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams_1978-105">[105]</a> Some of the most common causes of poisoning in cats are antifreeze and rodent baits.<a href="#cite_note-Rowland_1987-106">[106]</a> Cats may be particularly sensitive to environmental pollutants.<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Potera_2007-107">[107]</a> When a cat has a sudden or prolonged serious illness without any obvious cause, it has possibly been exposed to a toxin.

+Many human medicines should never be given to cats. For example, the painkiller <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (or acetaminophen, sold as <a href="/wiki/Tylenol" title="Tylenol">Tylenol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panadol" title="Panadol">Panadol</a>) is extremely toxic to cats: even very small doses need immediate treatment and can be fatal.<a href="#cite_note-CanVetJ2003-Allen-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-109">[109]</a> Even <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, which is sometimes used to treat <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> in cats, is much more toxic to them than to humans<a href="#cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-109">[109]</a> and must be administered cautiously.<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a> Similarly, application of <a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">minoxidil</a> (Rogaine) to the skin of cats, either accidentally or by well-meaning guardians attempting to counter loss of fur, has sometimes been fatal.<a href="#cite_note-DeClementi_2004-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oils</a> can be toxic to cats and cases have been reported of serious illnesses caused by <a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">tea tree oil</a>, including flea treatments and shampoos containing it.<a href="#cite_note-Bischoff_1998-111">[111]</a>

+Other common household substances that should be used with caution around cats include <a href="/wiki/Mothball" title="Mothball">mothballs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene">naphthalene</a> products.<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">Phenol</a>-based products (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pine-Sol" title="Pine-Sol">Pine-Sol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dettol" title="Dettol">Dettol</a> (Lysol) or <a href="/wiki/Hexachlorophene" title="Hexachlorophene">hexachlorophene</a>)<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a> are often used for cleaning and disinfecting near cats' feeding areas or <a href="/wiki/Litter_box" title="Litter box">litter boxes</a>, but these can sometimes be fatal.<a href="#cite_note-Rousseaux_1986-112">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">Ethylene glycol</a>, often used as an automotive <a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">antifreeze</a>, is particularly appealing to cats, and as little as a teaspoonful can be fatal.<a href="#cite_note-CFA_antifreeze-113">[113]</a> Some human foods are toxic to cats; for example chocolate can cause <a href="/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning" title="Theobromine poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>, although (unlike dogs) few cats will eat chocolate.<a href="#cite_note-VT_chocolate-114">[114]</a> Large amounts of onions or garlic are also poisonous to cats.<a href="#cite_note-vetinfo-104">[104]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">houseplants</a> are also dangerous,<a href="#cite_note-CFA_plants-115">[115]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Philodendron" title="Philodendron">Philodendron</a> species and the leaves of the Easter lily (<a href="/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum">Lilium longiflorum</a>), which can cause permanent and life-threatening kidney damage.<a href="#cite_note-Langston_2002-116">[116]</a>

+<h2>Behavior</h2>

+<div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Cat behavior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Cat communication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Cat intelligence</a></div>

+Free-ranging cats are active both day and night, although they tend to be slightly more active at night.<a href="#cite_note-Germain-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barratt-118">[118]</a> The timing of cats' activity is quite flexible and varied, which means house cats may be more active in the morning and evening (<a href="/wiki/Crepuscular" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> behavior), as a response to greater human activity at these times.<a href="#cite_note-Randall_1985-119">[119]</a> Although they spend the majority of their time in the vicinity of their home, housecats can range many hundreds of meters from this central point, and are known to establish <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging from 7 to 28 hectares (17–69 acres).<a href="#cite_note-Barratt-118">[118]</a>

+Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually 12–16 hours, with 13–14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours in a 24-hour period. The term "<a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat_nap" class="extiw" title="wikt:cat nap">cat nap</a>" for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of <a href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Rapid eye movement sleep">rapid eye movement sleep</a> often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are <a href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">dreaming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jouvet_1979-120">[120]</a>

+<h3>Sociability</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Listen,_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg/220px-Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg/330px-Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg/440px-Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Listen,_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+<a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">Social grooming</a></div>

+</div>

+Although wildcats are solitary, the social behavior of domestic cats is much more variable and ranges from widely dispersed individuals to <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colony" title="Feral cat colony" class="mw-redirect">feral cat colonies</a> that form around a food source, based on groups of co-operating females.<a href="#cite_note-Pontier_1996-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-122">[122]</a> Within such groups, one cat is usually dominant over the others.<a href="#cite_note-Baron-32">[32]</a> Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with sexually active males having the largest territories, which are about 10 times larger than those of female cats and may overlap with several females' territories.<a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-86">[86]</a> These territories are marked by <a href="/wiki/Urine_spraying" title="Urine spraying" class="mw-redirect">urine spraying</a>, by rubbing objects at head height with secretions from facial glands, and by defecation.<a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-86">[86]</a> Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, and if that does not work, by short but noisy and violent attacks. Despite some cats cohabiting in colonies, they do not have a social survival strategy, or a <a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">pack mentality</a>, and always hunt alone.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-123">[123]</a>

+Domestic cats use many <a href="/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">vocalizations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">communication</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trilling</a>, hissing, <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>/<a href="/wiki/Snarl" title="Snarl">snarling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guttural" title="Guttural">grunting</a>, and several different forms of <a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow" class="mw-redirect">meowing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moelk-7">[7]</a> By contrast, feral cats are generally silent.<a href="#cite_note-Jensen-124">[124]</a>:208 Their types of <a href="/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language" class="mw-redirect">body language</a>, including position of ears and tail, relaxation of whole body, and kneading of paws, are all indicators of mood. The tail and ears are particularly important social signal mechanisms in cats,<a href="#cite_note-behaviourguide-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cafazzo-126">[126]</a> e.g. with a raised tail acting as a friendly greeting, and flattened ears indicating hostility. Tail-raising also indicates the cat's position in the group's <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" title="Social hierarchy" class="mw-redirect">social hierarchy</a>, with dominant individuals raising their tails less often than subordinate animals.<a href="#cite_note-Cafazzo-126">[126]</a> Nose-to-nose touching is also a common greeting and may be followed by <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">social grooming</a>, which is solicited by one of the cats raising and tilting its head.<a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-122">[122]</a>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg/220px-Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg" width="220" height="254" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg/330px-Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg/440px-Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1200"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Domestic_cat_watching_an_alaskan_malamute.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Cat with an <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Malamute" title="Alaskan Malamute">Alaskan Malamute</a> dog</div>

+</div>

+However, some pet cats are poorly socialized. In particular, older cats may show aggressiveness towards newly arrived kittens, which may include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as feline asocial aggression.<a href="#cite_note-Levine_2005-127">[127]</a>

+Though cats and dogs are <a href="/wiki/Dog%E2%80%93cat_relationship" title="Dog–cat relationship">believed to be natural enemies</a>, they can live together if correctly socialized.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>

+For cats, life in proximity to humans and other animals kept by them amounts to a symbiotic social adaptation. They may express great affection towards their human (and even other) companions, especially if they <a href="/wiki/Imprinting_(psychology)" title="Imprinting (psychology)">psychologically imprint</a> on them at a very young age and are treated with consistent affection.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethologically</a>, the human keeper of a cat may function as a sort of surrogate for the cat's mother,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and adult housecats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood,<a href="#cite_note-Animal_Planet-129">[129]</a> a form of behavioral <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>. The high-pitched sounds housecats make to solicit food may mimic the cries of a hungry human infant, making them particularly hard for humans to ignore.<a href="#cite_note-McComb_2009-130">[130]</a>

+<h3>Grooming</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/220px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/330px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/440px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+The hooked papillae on a cat's tongue act like a <a href="/wiki/Hairbrush" title="Hairbrush">hairbrush</a> to help clean and detangle fur.</div>

+</div>

+Cats are known for spending considerable amounts of time licking their coat to keep it clean.<a href="#cite_note-hairballs-131">[131]</a> The cat's <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> has backwards-facing spines about 500 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">μm</a> long, which are called <a href="/wiki/Filiform_papilla" title="Filiform papilla" class="mw-redirect">papillae</a>. These contain <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> which makes them quite rigid<a href="#cite_note-Boshel_1982-132">[132]</a> so the papillae act like a hairbrush. Some cats, particularly longhaired cats, occasionally regurgitate <a href="/wiki/Hairball" title="Hairball">hairballs</a> of fur that have collected in their stomachs from grooming. These clumps of fur are usually sausage-shaped and about 2–3 cm long. Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease elimination of the hair through the gut, as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush.<a href="#cite_note-hairballs-131">[131]</a> Some cats can develop a compulsive behavior known as <a href="/wiki/Psychogenic_alopecia" title="Psychogenic alopecia">psychogenic alopecia</a>, or excessive grooming.<a href="#cite_note-Moon-Fanelli_comp-133">[133]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]

+<h3>Fighting</h3>

+Among domestic cats, males are more likely to fight than females.<a href="#cite_note-Lindell-134">[134]</a> Among feral cats, the most common reason for <a href="/wiki/Catfight_(animal_behavior)" title="Catfight (animal behavior)" class="mw-redirect">cat fighting</a> is competition between two males to mate with a female. In such cases, most fights are won by the heavier male.<a href="#cite_note-courtship-135">[135]</a> Another common reason for fighting in domestic cats is the difficulty of establishing territories within a small home.<a href="#cite_note-Lindell-134">[134]</a> Female cats also fight over territory or to defend their kittens. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone" title="Sex hormone" class="mw-redirect">sex hormones</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/220px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg" width="220" height="171" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/330px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/440px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="935"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Indicating aggression</div>

+</div>

+When cats become aggressive, they try to make themselves appear larger and more threatening by raising their fur, arching their backs, turning sideways and hissing or spitting.<a href="#cite_note-behaviourguide-125">[125]</a> Often, the ears are pointed down and back to avoid damage to the inner ear and potentially listen for any changes behind them while focused forward. They may also vocalize loudly and bare their teeth in an effort to further intimidate their opponent. Fights usually consist of grappling and delivering powerful slaps to the face and body with the forepaws as well as bites. Cats also throw themselves to the ground in a defensive posture to rake their opponent's belly with their powerful hind legs.<a href="#cite_note-HSUS-136">[136]</a>

+Serious damage is rare, as the fights are usually short in duration, with the loser running away with little more than a few scratches to the face and ears. However, fights for mating rights are typically more severe and injuries may include deep puncture wounds and lacerations. Normally, serious injuries from fighting are limited to infections of scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats if untreated. In addition, bites are probably the main route of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">feline immunodeficiency virus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pederson_1989-137">[137]</a> Sexually active males are usually involved in many fights during their lives, and often have decidedly battered faces with obvious scars and cuts to their ears and noses.

+<h3>Hunting and feeding</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/220px-Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/330px-Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/440px-Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3415" data-file-height="2268"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_Siamese_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+A cat that has caught a mouse</div>

+</div>

+Cats hunt small prey, primarily birds and rodents,<a href="#cite_note-Woods-138">[138]</a> and are often used as a form of pest control.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Domestic cats are a major predator of wildlife in the United States, killing an estimated 1.4–3.7 billion birds and 6.9–20.7 billion mammals annually.<a href="#cite_note-NC012913-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT012913-142">[142]</a> The bulk of predation in the United States is done by 80 million feral and stray cats. Effective measures to reduce this population are elusive, meeting opposition from cat enthusiasts.<a href="#cite_note-NC012913-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT012913-142">[142]</a> In the case of free-ranging pets, equipping cats with bells and not letting them out at night will reduce wildlife predation.<a href="#cite_note-Woods-138">[138]</a> Cats wearing one type of device killed 19 times fewer birds than uncollared cats.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Free-fed feral cats and house cats tend to consume many small meals in a single day, although the frequency and size of meals varies between individuals.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-123">[123]</a> Cats use two hunting strategies, either stalking prey actively, or waiting in ambush until an animal comes close enough to be captured. Although it is not certain, the strategy used may depend on the prey species in the area, with cats waiting in ambush outside burrows, but tending to actively stalk birds.<a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-144">[144]</a>:153

+Most breeds of cat have a noted fondness for settling in high places, or perching. In the wild, a higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats may strike prey by pouncing from a perch such as a tree branch, as does a <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nash_FS-145">[145]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Another possible explanations is that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. During a fall from a high place, a cat can reflexively twist its body and right itself using its acute <a href="/wiki/Equilibrioception" title="Equilibrioception">sense of balance</a> and flexibility.<a href="#cite_note-falling-146">[146]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] This is known as the <a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">cat righting reflex</a>. An individual cat always rights itself in the same way, provided it has the time to do so, during a fall. The height required for this to occur is around 90 cm (3 ft). Cats without a tail (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Manx_(cat)" title="Manx (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Manx cats</a>) also have this ability, since a cat mostly moves its hind legs and relies on conservation of <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> to set up for landing, and the tail is little used for this feat.<a href="#cite_note-Nguyen_1998-147">[147]</a> This leads to the proverb "a cat always lands on its feet".

+One poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of prey to human guardians. <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethologist</a> Paul Leyhausen proposed that cats adopt humans into their social group and share excess kill with others in the group according to the <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance hierarchy</a>, in which humans are reacted to as if they are at, or near, the top.<a href="#cite_note-Leyhausen_1978-148">[148]</a> Anthropologist and zoologist <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a>, in his 1986 book Catwatching, suggests, when cats bring home mice or birds, they are attempting to teach their human to hunt, or trying to help their human as if feeding "an elderly cat, or an inept kitten".<a href="#cite_note-Morris_Catwatching_1-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Morris's theory is inconsistent with the fact that male cats also bring home prey, despite males having no involvement with raising kittens.<a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-144">[144]</a>:153

+Domestic cats select food based on its temperature, smell, and texture, strongly disliking chilled foods and responding most strongly to moist foods rich in amino acids, which are similar to meat.<a href="#cite_note-Zaghini-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-123">[123]</a> Cats may reject novel flavors (a response termed <a href="/wiki/Neophobia" title="Neophobia">neophobia</a>) and learn quickly to <a href="/wiki/Taste_aversion" title="Taste aversion">avoid foods that have tasted unpleasant</a> in the past.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-123">[123]</a> They may also avoid sugary foods and milk; since they are <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerant" title="Lactose intolerant" class="mw-redirect">lactose intolerant</a>, these sugars are not easily digested and may cause soft stools or <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kienzle_1994-151">[151]</a> They can also develop odd eating habits. Some cats like to eat or chew on other things, most commonly wool, but also plastic, paper, string, aluminum foil/Christmas tree tinsel, or even coal. This condition, <a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)">pica</a>, can threaten their health, depending on the amount and toxicity of the items eaten.<a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw_1997-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCSVM_Pica-153">[153]</a>

+Since cats cannot fully close their lips around something to create suction, they use a lapping method with the tongue to draw liquid upwards into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it, drawing water upwards.<a href="#cite_note-Wade_2010-154">[154]</a>

+<h3>Play</h3>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Cat play and toys</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">

+<div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="<div class="mediaContainer" style="position:relative;display:block;width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" style="width:854px;height:480px" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/854px--Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" class="kskin" data-durationhint="294.002" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" transcodekey="480p.webm" data-title="Web streamable WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1103344" data-framerate="25" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.480p.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;" transcodekey="480p.ogv" data-title="Web streamable Ogg video (480P)" data-shorttitle="Ogg 480P" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1111104" data-framerate="25" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vorbis, vp8&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,077 × 606 (2.11 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1077" data-height="606" data-bandwidth="2108560" data-framerate="25" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.160p.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;" transcodekey="160p.ogv" data-title="Low bandwidth Ogg video (160P)" data-shorttitle="Ogg 160P" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="204904" data-framerate="15" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" transcodekey="360p.webm" data-title="Web streamable WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="586160" data-framerate="25" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;" transcodekey="360p.ogv" data-title="Web streamable Ogg video (360P)" data-shorttitle="Ogg 360P" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="590496" data-framerate="25" />Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player.

+You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm">download the clip</a> or <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/Client_download">download a player</a> to play the clip in your browser.</video></div>"><img alt="File:Play fight between cats.webmhd.webm" style="width:220px;height:124px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/220px-seek%3D4-Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.jpg"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" title="Play media" target="new">Play media</a></div>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Play fight between kittens, age 14 weeks</div>

+</div>

+Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">stalk, capture, and kill</a> prey.<a href="#cite_note-Poirier_1982-155">[155]</a> Cats also engage in play fighting, with each other and with humans. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and might also reduce any fear they associate with launching attacks on other animals.<a href="#cite_note-Byers_1998-156">[156]</a>

+Owing to the close similarity between play and hunting, cats prefer to play with objects that resemble prey, such as small furry toys that move rapidly, but rapidly lose interest (they become <a href="/wiki/Habituation" title="Habituation">habituated</a>) in a toy they have played with before.<a href="#cite_note-Hall_2002-157">[157]</a> Cats also tend to play with toys more when they are hungry.<a href="#cite_note-Hall_1998-158">[158]</a> String is often used as a toy, but if it is eaten, it can become caught at the base of the cat's tongue and then move into the <a href="/wiki/Intestine" title="Intestine" class="mw-redirect">intestines</a>, a medical emergency which can cause serious illness, even death.<a href="#cite_note-MacPhail_2002-159">[159]</a> Owing to the risks posed by cats eating string, it is sometimes replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Laser_pointer" title="Laser pointer">laser pointer</a>'s dot, which cats may chase.<a href="#cite_note-Pocono_2006-160">[160]</a> While concerns have been raised about the safety of playing with lasers, John Marshall, an <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmologist" title="Ophthalmologist" class="mw-redirect">ophthalmologist</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a>, has stated it would be "virtually impossible" to blind a cat with a laser pointer.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_1997-161">[161]</a>

+<h3>Reproduction</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/220px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/330px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/440px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="2504"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+When cats mate, the tomcat (male) bites the scruff of the female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">lordosis behavior</a>.</div>

+</div>

+<div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></div>

+Female cats are seasonally <a href="/wiki/Polyestrous" title="Polyestrous" class="mw-redirect">polyestrous</a>, which means they may have many periods of <a href="/wiki/Estrus" title="Estrus" class="mw-redirect">heat</a> over the course of a year, the season beginning in spring and ending in late autumn. Heat periods occur about every two weeks and last about 4 to 7 days.<a href="#cite_note-compendium-162">[162]</a> Multiple males will be attracted to a female in heat. The males will fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female rejects the male, but eventually the female allows the male to mate. The female utters a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her because a male <a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_penis" title="Cat's penis" class="mw-redirect">cat's penis</a> has a band of about 120–150 backwards-pointing <a href="/wiki/Penile_spines" title="Penile spines">penile spines</a>, which are about 1 mm long;<a href="#cite_note-Aronson_1967-163">[163]</a> upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>, which is a trigger for <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a>. This act also occurs to clear the vagina of other sperm in the context of a second (or more) mating, thus giving the later males a larger chance of conception.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]

+After mating, the female washes her <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a> thoroughly. If a male attempts to mate with her at this point, the female will attack him. After about 20 to 30 minutes, once the female is finished grooming, the cycle will repeat.<a href="#cite_note-compendium-162">[162]</a>

+Because ovulation is not always triggered by a single mating, females may not be impregnated by the first male with which they mate.<a href="#cite_note-Wildt_1980-164">[164]</a> Furthermore, cats are <a href="/wiki/Superfecundation" title="Superfecundation">superfecund</a>; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, with the result that different kittens in a litter may have different fathers.<a href="#cite_note-compendium-162">[162]</a>

+<div class="thumb tleft">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg/220px-Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg" width="220" height="160" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg/330px-Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg/440px-Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="1002"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Three-hour-old-kitten.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+A newborn <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a></div>

+</div>

+At 124 hours after conception, the morula forms. At 148 hours, early blastocysts form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a>

+The <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> period for cats is between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 66 days.<a href="#cite_note-Tsutsui_1993-167">[167]</a> The size of a <a href="/wiki/Litter_(animal)" title="Litter (animal)">litter</a> usually is three to five kittens, with the first litter usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks old, and cats normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months (females) and to 5–7 months (males), although this can vary depending on breed.<a href="#cite_note-compendium-162">[162]</a> Females can have two to three litters per year, so may produce up to 150 kittens in their breeding span of around ten years.<a href="#cite_note-compendium-162">[162]</a>

+Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks of age,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> when they are ready to leave their mother. They can be surgically <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">sterilized</a> (spayed or <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a>) as early as 7 weeks to limit unwanted reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-Olson_2001-169">[169]</a> This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior, such as aggression, <a href="/wiki/Spraying_(animal_behavior)" title="Spraying (animal behavior)" class="mw-redirect">territory marking</a> (spraying urine) in males and yowling (calling) in females. Traditionally, this surgery was performed at around six to nine months of age, but it is increasingly being performed prior to <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>, at about three to six months.<a href="#cite_note-Root_Kustritz_2007-170">[170]</a> In the US, about 80% of household cats are neutered.<a href="#cite_note-Chu_2009-171">[171]</a>

+<h3>Vocalizations</h3>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Cat communication</a></div>

+The cat is a very vocal animal. Known for its trademark <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, it also produces a wide variety of other sounds.

+The mechanism by which cats purr is elusive. The cat has no unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for the sound.<a href="#cite_note-CPEM-172">[172]</a> It was, until recent times, believed that only the cats of the <a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> could purr. However, felids of the <a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a> genus (<a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>) also produce sounds similar to purring, but only when exhaling.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a>

+<h2>Ecology</h2>

+<h3>Habitats</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg/220px-Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg/330px-Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg/440px-Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_cat_being_snowed_on.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+A <a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">black cat</a> in snowy weather.</div>

+</div>

+Cats are a <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_species" title="Cosmopolitan species" class="mw-redirect">cosmopolitan species</a> and are found across much of the world.<a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-38">[38]</a> Geneticist Stephen James O'Brien, of the <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick, Maryland</a>, remarked on how successful cats have been in evolutionary terms: "Cats are one of evolution's most charismatic creatures. They can live on the highest mountains and in the hottest deserts."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> They are extremely adaptable and are now present on all continents except <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, and on 118 of the 131 main groups of islands—even on sub-Antarctic islands such as the <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Say_2002-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a>

+Feral cats can live in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands.<a href="#cite_note-ISSG_2006-177">[177]</a> Their habitats even include small oceanic islands with no human inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-Nogales-178">[178]</a> Further, the close relatives of domestic cats, the <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a> (Felis silvestris lybica) and the Arabian <a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">sand cat</a> (Felis margarita) both inhabit desert environments,<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a> and domestic cats still show similar adaptations and behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-31">[31]</a> The cat's ability to thrive in almost any terrestrial habitat has led to its designation as one of the world's worst <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISSG_2000-179">[179]</a>

+As domestic cats are little altered from wildcats, they can readily interbreed. This <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a> poses a danger to the genetic distinctiveness of some wildcat populations, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and possibly also the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-40">[40]</a>

+<h3>Feral cats</h3>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/170px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" width="170" height="198" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/255px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/340px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1672"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Feral <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a></div>

+</div>

+Feral cats are domestic cats that were born in or have reverted to a wild state. They are unfamiliar with and wary of humans and roam freely in urban and rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-8">[8]</a> The numbers of feral cats is not known, but estimates of the US feral population range from 25 to 60 million.<a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-8">[8]</a> Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colony" title="Feral cat colony" class="mw-redirect">colonies</a>, which occupy a specific territory and are usually associated with a source of food.<a href="#cite_note-hsus-feral-180">[180]</a> Famous feral cat colonies are found in Rome around the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forum_Romanum" title="Forum Romanum" class="mw-redirect">Forum Romanum</a>, with cats at some of these sites being fed and given medical attention by volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a>

+Public attitudes towards feral cats vary widely, ranging from seeing them as free-ranging pets, to regarding them as vermin.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> One common approach to reducing the feral cat population is termed 'trap-neuter-return', where the cats are trapped, <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunized</a> against rabies and the <a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">feline leukemia virus</a>, and then released. Before releasing them back into their feral colonies, the attending veterinarian often nips the tip off one ear to mark it as neutered and inoculated, since these cats may be trapped again. Volunteers continue to feed and give care to these cats throughout their lives. Given this support, their lifespans are increased, and behavior and nuisance problems caused by competition for food are reduced.<a href="#cite_note-hsus-feral-180">[180]</a>

+<h3>Impact on prey species</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg/220px-Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg" width="220" height="187" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg/330px-Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg/440px-Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2159" data-file-height="1836"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_eating_a_rabbit.jpeg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Carrying a rabbit.</div>

+</div>

+To date, few scientific data are available to assess the impact of cat predation on prey populations. Even well-fed domestic cats may hunt and kill, mainly catching small mammals, but also birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and invertebrates.<a href="#cite_note-Woods-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_1998-183">[183]</a> Hunting by domestic cats may be contributing to the decline in the numbers of birds in urban areas, although the importance of this effect remains controversial.<a href="#cite_note-Beckerman_2007-184">[184]</a> In the wild, the introduction of feral cats during human settlement can threaten native species with extinction.<a href="#cite_note-Nogales-178">[178]</a> In many cases, controlling or eliminating the populations of non-native cats can produce a rapid recovery in native animals.<a href="#cite_note-pmid14558589-185">[185]</a> However, the ecological role of introduced cats can be more complicated. For example, cats can control the numbers of rats, which also prey on birds' eggs and young, so a cat population can protect an endangered bird species by suppressing <a href="/wiki/Mesopredator_release_hypothesis" title="Mesopredator release hypothesis">mesopredators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18083843-186">[186]</a>

+In the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, cats are a particular problem in landmasses such as Australasia, where cat species have never been native and few equivalent native medium-sized mammalian predators occurred.<a href="#cite_note-AusGovReport-187">[187]</a> Native species such as the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Kakapo" title="Kakapo">kakapo</a> and the Australian <a href="/wiki/Bettong" title="Bettong">bettong</a>, for example, tend to be more ecologically vulnerable and behaviorally "naive" to predation by feral cats.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12085522-188">[188]</a> Feral cats have had a major impact on these native species and have played a leading role in the endangerment and extinction of many animals.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16094805-189">[189]</a>

+Cat numbers in the UK are growing and their abundance is far above the "natural" <a href="/wiki/Carrying_capacity" title="Carrying capacity">carrying capacity</a>, because their population sizes are independent of their prey's dynamics: i.e. cats are "recreational" hunters, with other food sources.<a href="#cite_note-May.2C_R..2C_1988-190">[190]</a> Population densities can be as high as 2,000 individuals per km2<a href="#cite_note-Liberg_1982-191">[191]</a> and the trend is an increase of 0.5 million cats annually.

+<h3>Impact on birds</h3>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat-eating-prey.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cat-eating-prey.jpg/220px-Cat-eating-prey.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cat-eating-prey.jpg/330px-Cat-eating-prey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cat-eating-prey.jpg/440px-Cat-eating-prey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="498"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat-eating-prey.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+Eating a <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrow</a></div>

+</div>

+The domestic cat is probably a significant predator of birds. UK assessments indicate they may be accountable for an estimated 64.8 million bird deaths each year.<a href="#cite_note-Woods-138">[138]</a> Certain species appear more susceptible than others; for example, 30% of <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrow</a> mortality is linked to the domestic cat.<a href="#cite_note-Chucher_1987-192">[192]</a> In the recovery of ringed robins (<a href="/wiki/Erithacus_rubecula" title="Erithacus rubecula" class="mw-redirect">Erithacus rubecula</a>) and dunnocks (<a href="/wiki/Prunella_modularis" title="Prunella modularis" class="mw-redirect">Prunella modularis</a>), 31% of deaths were a result of cat predation.<a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183.E2.80.93186-193">[193]</a> The presence of larger carnivores such as <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a> which prey on cats and other small predators reduces the effect of predation by cats and other small predators such as <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a> on bird numbers and variety.<a href="#cite_note-Crooks_1999-194">[194]</a> The proposal that cat populations will increase when the numbers of these top predators decline is called the <a href="/wiki/Mesopredator_release_hypothesis" title="Mesopredator release hypothesis">mesopredator release hypothesis</a>. However, a new study suggests cats are a much greater menace than previously thought and feral cats kill several billion birds each year in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a>

+On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's diet.<a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-196">[196]</a> In nearly all cases, however, the cat cannot be identified as the sole cause for reducing the numbers of island birds, and in some instances, eradication of cats has caused a '<a href="/wiki/Mesopredator" title="Mesopredator">mesopredator</a> release' effect;<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> where the suppression of top carnivores creates an abundance of smaller predators that cause a severe decline in their shared prey. Domestic cats are, however, known to be a contributing factor to the decline of many species, a factor that has ultimately led, in some cases, to extinction. <a href="/wiki/Turnagra_capensis" title="Turnagra capensis" class="mw-redirect">The South Island piopio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rallus_modestus" title="Rallus modestus" class="mw-redirect">Chatham Islands rail</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183.E2.80.93186-193">[193]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Mergus_australis" title="Mergus australis" class="mw-redirect">Auckland Islands Merganser</a>,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pelecanoides_urinatrix" title="Pelecanoides urinatrix" class="mw-redirect">common diving petrel</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> are a few from a long list, with the most extreme case being the flightless <a href="/wiki/Stephens_Island_wren" title="Stephens Island wren">Stephens Island wren</a>, which was driven to extinction only a few years after its discovery.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a>

+Some of the same factors that have promoted <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">adaptive radiation</a> of island <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">avifauna</a> over evolutionary time appear to promote vulnerability to non-native species in modern time. The susceptibility of many island birds is undoubtedly due to evolution in the absence of mainland predators, competitors, diseases, and parasites, in addition to lower reproductive rates and extended incubation periods.<a href="#cite_note-dowd-202">[202]</a> The loss of flight, or reduced flying ability is also characteristic of many island endemics.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> These biological aspects have increased vulnerability to extinction in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>, such as the domestic cat.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Equally, behavioral traits exhibited by island species, such as "predatory naivety"<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> and ground-nesting,<a href="#cite_note-dowd-202">[202]</a> have also contributed to their susceptibility.

+<h2>Cats and humans</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cats_and_humans" title="Cats and humans" class="mw-redirect">Cats and humans</a></div>

+Cats are common <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a> in Europe and North America, and their worldwide population exceeds 500 million.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-9">[9]</a> Although cat guardianship has commonly been associated with women,<a href="#cite_note-Ellin-206">[206]</a> a 2007 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" title="Gallup poll" class="mw-redirect">Gallup poll</a> reported that men and women were equally likely to own a cat.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup-207">[207]</a>

+According to the <a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States" class="mw-redirect">Humane Society of the United States</a>, as well as being kept as pets, cats are also used in the international <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> for making coats, gloves, hats, shoes, blankets, and stuffed toys. About 24 cats are needed to make a cat fur coat.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> This use has now been outlawed in the United States, Australia, and the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> However, some cat furs are still made into blankets in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> as <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">folk remedies</a> believed to help <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a>

+A few attempts to build a cat census have been made over the years, both through associations or national and international organizations (such as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Federation_of_Humane_Societies" title="Canadian Federation of Humane Societies">Canadian Federation of Humane Societies</a>'s one<a href="#cite_note-Canadian-212">[212]</a>) and over the net,<a href="#cite_note-catsbe-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-214">[214]</a> but such a task does not seem simple to achieve. General estimates for the global population of domestic cats range widely from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>

+<h2>History and mythology</h2>

+<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions of cats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></div>

+<div class="thumb tright">

+<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/220px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg" width="220" height="137" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/330px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/440px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2203" data-file-height="1375"></a>

+<div class="thumbcaption">

+<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>

+A 19th century drawing of a tabby cat</div>

+</div>

+Traditionally, historians tended to think <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> was the site of cat domestication, owing to the clear depictions of house cats in Egyptian paintings about 3,600 years old.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a> However, in 2004, a Neolithic grave excavated in <a href="/wiki/Shillourokambos" title="Shillourokambos">Shillourokambos</a>, Cyprus, contained the skeletons, laid close to one another, of both a human and a cat. The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old, pushing back the earliest known feline–human association significantly.<a href="#cite_note-9500_years-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Muir_2004-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walton_2004-222">[222]</a> The cat specimen is large and closely resembles the African wildcat (F. s. lybica), rather than present-day domestic cats. This discovery, combined with genetic studies, suggests cats were probably domesticated in the Middle East, in the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> around the time of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">development of agriculture</a> and then they were brought to Cyprus and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-4">[4]</a>

+Direct evidence for the domestication of cats 5,300 years ago in Quanhucun in China has been published. The cats are believed to have been attracted to the village by rodents, which in turn were attracted by grain cultivated and stored by humans.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a>

+In ancient Egypt, cats were <a href="/wiki/Animal_worship" title="Animal worship">sacred animals</a>, with the goddess <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a> often depicted in cat form, sometimes taking on the war-like aspect of a lioness.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-224">[224]</a>:220 The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> are often credited with introducing the domestic cat from Egypt to Europe;<a href="#cite_note-Mason-224">[224]</a>:223 in <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Roman Aquitaine</a>, a first- or second-century epitaph of a young girl holding a cat is one of two earliest depictions of the Roman domesticated cat.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> However, cats possibly were already kept in Europe prior to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, as they may have been present in Britain in the late <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OConnor-42">[42]</a> Domestic cats were spread throughout much of the rest of the world during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, as they were carried on <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a> to control shipboard rodents and as good-luck charms.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-224">[224]</a>:223

+Several ancient religions believed cats are exalted souls, companions or guides for humans, that are all-knowing but mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Maneki_neko" title="Maneki neko" class="mw-redirect">maneki neko</a> cat is a symbol of good fortune.

+Although no species are sacred in Islam, <a href="/wiki/Cats_and_Islam" title="Cats and Islam" class="mw-redirect">cats are revered by Muslims</a>. Some Western writers have stated <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had a favorite cat, <a href="/wiki/Muezza" title="Muezza">Muezza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> He is reported to have loved cats so much, "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it".<a href="#cite_note-Reeves-227">[227]</a> The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems to confuse a story of a later <a href="/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi" class="mw-redirect">Sufi</a> saint, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_ar-Rifa%27i" title="Ahmed ar-Rifa'i">Ahmed ar-Rifa'i</a> centuries after Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a>

+<a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility in <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, is depicted as riding a chariot drawn by cats.

+Many cultures have negative <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitions</a> about cats. An example would be the belief that a <a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">black cat</a> "crossing one's path" leads to bad luck, or that cats are witches' <a href="/wiki/Familiar_spirit" title="Familiar spirit">familiars</a> used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of cats in Medieval <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, is commemorated in the innocuous present-day <a href="/wiki/Kattenstoet" title="Kattenstoet">Kattenstoet</a> (cat parade).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]

+According to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, and some Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven lives,<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> while in Turkish and Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations.<a href="#cite_note-myth-231">[231]</a> Also lending credence to this myth is the fact that falling cats often land on their feet, using an instinctive <a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">righting reflex</a> to twist their bodies around. Nonetheless, cats can still be injured or killed by a high fall.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a>

+<h2>See also</h2>

+<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9">

+<tbody><tr>

+<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Book icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></td>

+<td class="mbox-text plainlist">

+<ul style="font-weight: bold">

+<li><a href="/wiki/Book:Cat" title="Book:Cat" class="mw-redirect">Book: Cat</a></li>

+</ul>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+<div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em">

+<table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px">

+<tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle">

+<td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/28px-Cat03.jpg" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/42px-Cat03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/56px-Cat03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1598"></a></td>

+<td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Cats portal</a></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="vertical-align:middle">

+<td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" width="32" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482"></a></td>

+<td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</div>

+<div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_cats" title="Animal testing on cats" class="mw-redirect">Animal testing on cats</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_track" title="Animal track">Animal track</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_in_cats" title="Cancer in cats">Cancer in cats</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_years" title="Cat years">Cat years</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">List of cat breeds</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cats" title="List of cats">List of cats</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_cats" title="List of fictional cats" class="mw-redirect">List of fictional cats</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pet_door" title="Pet door">Pet door</a> including cat flap</li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pet_first_aid" title="Pet first aid">Pet first aid</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Popular_cat_names" title="Popular cat names">Popular cat names</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Trap-neuter-return" title="Trap-neuter-return">Trap-neuter-return</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+<dl>

+<dt>Cats by location</dt>

+</dl>

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Cats in Australia</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">Cats in New Zealand</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">Cats in the United States</a></li>

+</ul>

+<h2>References</h2>

+<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">

+<ol class="references">

+<li id="cite_note-MSW3fc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_1-6">g</a> Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031">"Species Felis catus"</a>. In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534–535">Mammal Species of the World</a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 534–535. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0">978-0-8018-8221-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Species+Felis+catus&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rft.aulast=Wozencraft&rft.au=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgAMbNSt8ikC%26pg%3DPA534%E2%80%93535&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.pages=534-535&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ITIS_F.c.-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_F.c._2-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_F.c._2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_F.c._2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183798">"ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis catus"</a>. ITIS Online Database. Reston, Virginia: <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>. 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=ITIS+Standard+Report+Page%3A+Felis+catus&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D183798&rft.jtitle=ITIS+Online+Database&rft.place=Reston%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Linaeus1758-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Linaeus1758_3-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linaeus1758_3-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carolus</a> (1766) [1758]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer">Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</a> (in Latin) 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). p. 62. Retrieved 2 April 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Carolus&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.au=Linnaeus%2C+Carolus&rft.btitle=Systema+naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%3A+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.date=1766&rft.edition=12th&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k99004c%2Ff62.chemindefer&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Holmiae+%28Laurentii+Salvii%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.volume=1" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Driscoll-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_4-9">j</a> Driscoll, C. A.; MacDonald, D. W.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791">"In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of Domestication"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (S1): 9971–9978. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9971D">2009PNAS..106.9971D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0901586106">10.1073/pnas.0901586106</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791">2702791</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19528637">19528637</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=In+the+Light+of+Evolution+III%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Darwin+Sackler+Colloquium%3A+From+Wild+Animals+to+Domestic+Pets%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+An+Evolutionary+View+of+Domestication&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+C.+A.&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rft.aulast=Driscoll&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+D.+W.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2702791&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..106.9971D&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0901586106&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2702791&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19528637&rft.issue=S1&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=9971-9978&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=106" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ITIS_F.c.d.-5"><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_F.c.d._5-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487">"ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis catus domestica"</a>. op. cit. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=ITIS+Standard+Report+Page%3A+Felis+catus+domestica&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D727487&rft.jtitle=op.+cit.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-AHD-6"><a href="#cite_ref-AHD_6-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/housecat">Housecat</a>. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Education.Yahoo.com online ed.) (Boston: Houghton Mifflin). 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Housecat&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=Education.Yahoo.com+online&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.yahoo.com%2Freference%2Fdictionary%2Fentry%2Fhousecat&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Moelk-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moelk_7-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moelk_7-1">b</a> Moelk, Mildred (April 1944). "Vocalizing in the House-cat; A Phonetic and Functional Study". The American Journal of Psychology 57 (2): 184–205. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1416947">10.2307/1416947</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1416947">1416947</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Vocalizing+in+the+House-cat%3B+A+Phonetic+and+Functional+Study&rft.aufirst=Mildred&rft.aulast=Moelk&rft.au=Moelk%2C+Mildred&rft.date=April+1944&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1416947&rft.issue=2&rft.jstor=1416947&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Psychology&rft.pages=184-205&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=57" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Rochlitz-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rochlitz_8-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rochlitz_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rochlitz_8-2">c</a> Rochlitz, Irene (2007). The Welfare of Cats. "Animal Welfare" series. Berlin: Springer. pp. 141–175. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4020-6143-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4020-6143-9">1-4020-6143-9</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.aulast=Rochlitz&rft.au=Rochlitz%2C+Irene&rft.btitle=The+Welfare+of+Cats&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-4020-6143-9&rft.pages=141-175&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.series=%22Animal+Welfare%22+series&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-NYT-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-2">c</a> Wade, Nicholas (29 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html">"Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East"</a>. New York Times (New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Company" title="New York Times Company" class="mw-redirect">NYTC</a>). Retrieved 2 April 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Study+Traces+Cat%27s+Ancestry+to+Middle+East&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.au=Wade%2C+Nicholas&rft.date=29+June+2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2F29cat.html&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=NYTC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Science_Magazine-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Science_Magazine_10-0">Jump up ^</a> Vigne JD, Guilaine J, Debue K, Haye L, Gérard P (April 2004). "Early taming of the cat in Cyprus". Science 304 (5668): 259. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1095335">10.1126/science.1095335</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073370">15073370</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Early+taming+of+the+cat+in+Cyprus&rft.aulast=Vigne+JD%2C+Guilaine+J%2C+Debue+K%2C+Haye+L%2C+G%C3%A9rard+P&rft.au=Vigne+JD%2C+Guilaine+J%2C+Debue+K%2C+Haye+L%2C+G%C3%A9rard+P&rft.date=April+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1095335&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15073370&rft.issue=5668&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=259&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=304" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-9500_years-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-9500_years_11-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-9500_years_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html">"Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-year-old Burial Found on Cyprus"</a>. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. 8 April 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Oldest+Known+Pet+Cat%3F+9500-year-old+Burial+Found+on+Cyprus&rft.date=8+April+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2F04%2F0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-SciAm-12"><a href="#cite_ref-SciAm_12-0">Jump up ^</a> Driscoll, Carlos A.; Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Kitchener, Andrew C.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (10 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-taming-of-the-cat">"The Evolution of House Cats"</a>. Scientific American. New York: Nature Pubg. Group. Retrieved 26 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+House+Cats&rft.au=Clutton-Brock%2C+Juliet&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+Carlos+A.&rft.aufirst=Carlos+A.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+Andrew+C.&rft.aulast=Driscoll&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.date=10+June+2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dthe-taming-of-the-cat&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nature+Pubg.+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">Jump up ^</a> McKnight, George H. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.questia.com/read/59505424/english-words-and-their-background">English Words and Their Background</a>. New York: D. Appleton and Company  – via <a href="/wiki/Questia" title="Questia" class="mw-redirect">Questia</a> (subscription required). p. 130.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft.aulast=McKnight&rft.au=McKnight%2C+George+H.&rft.btitle=English+Words+and+Their+Background&rft.date=1923&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F59505424%2Fenglish-words-and-their-background&rft.pages=130&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company+%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93%26nbsp%3Bvia%26nbsp%3BQuestia+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A0.95em%3B+font-size%3A+90%25%3B+color%3A+%23555%22%3E%28subscription+required%29%3C%2Fspan%3E+Category%3ASubscription+required+using+viaCategory%3APages+containing+links+to+subscription-only+content&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28649?rskey=dmMbdW&result=2&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Cat"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F28649%3Frskey%3DdmMbdW%26result%3D2%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">Jump up ^</a> Jean-Paul Savignac, Dictionnaire français-gaulois, s.v. "chat" (Paris: Errance, 2004), 82.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702">"Puss"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Puss&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F155147%23eid27609702&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Gramercy_Unabridged_17-0">Jump up ^</a> Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Gramercy Books, 1996, p. 1571.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of">"What do you call a group of ...?"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=What+do+you+call+a+group+of+...%3F&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fwords%2Fwhat-do-you-call-a-group-of&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203100#eid18281825">"Tom cat, tom-cat"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Tom+cat%2C+tom-cat&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F203100%23eid18281825&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Gib, n.2"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Gib%2C+n.2&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F78103%3Frskey%3DZ7UU0G%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294">"Queen cat"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Queen+cat&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F156212%3Frskey%3Dc2khr1%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid27437294&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180366?rskey=YylU4E&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Sire"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Sire&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F180366%3Frskey%3DYylU4E%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/46999?rskey=P7m3OJ&result=2&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Dam, n.2"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Dam%2C+n.2&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F46999%3Frskey%3DP7m3OJ%26result%3D2%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid">"Catling"</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Catling&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F28995%3FredirectedFrom%3Dcatling%23eid&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Bradshaw1999-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw1999_25-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw1999_25-1">b</a> Bradshaw; Horsfield, G. F.; Allen, J. A.; Robinson, I. H. (1999). "Feral Cats: Their Role in the Population Dynamics of Felis catus". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65 (3): 273–283. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2899%2900086-6">10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00086-6</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Feral+Cats%3A+Their+Role+in+the+Population+Dynamics+of+Felis+catus&rft.au=Allen%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Bradshaw&rft.au=Horsfield%2C+G.+F.&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.au=Robinson%2C+I.+H.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2899%2900086-6&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=273-283&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=65" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Johnson_1997-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1997_26-0">Jump up ^</a> Johnson, Warren; O'Brien, Stephen J. (1997). "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution 44 (0): S98–S116. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00000060">10.1007/PL00000060</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9071018">9071018</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+Reconstruction+of+the+Felidae+Using+16S+rRNA+and+NADH-5+Mitochondrial+Genes&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FPL00000060&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9071018&rft.issue=0&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.pages=S98-S116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=44" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ITIS_F.-27"><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_F._27-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180586">"ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis"</a>. ITIS Online Database. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=ITIS+Standard+Report+Page%3A+Felis&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D180586&rft.jtitle=ITIS+Online+Database&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Stefoff-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Stefoff_28-0">Jump up ^</a> Stefoff, Rebecca (November 2003). Cats. New York: Benchmark Books. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7614-1577-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7614-1577-7">0-7614-1577-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.aulast=Stefoff&rft.au=Stefoff%2C+Rebecca&rft.btitle=Cats&rft.date=November+2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7614-1577-7&rft.pages=34&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Benchmark+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-MSW3fs-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fs_29-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fs_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fs_29-2">c</a> Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057">"Species Felis silvestris"</a>. In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA536–537">Mammal Species of the World</a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 536–537. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0">978-0-8018-8221-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Species+Felis+silvestris&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rft.aulast=Wozencraft&rft.au=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgAMbNSt8ikC%26pg%3DPA536%E2%80%93537&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.pages=536-537&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ICZN-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_30-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_30-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609014212/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iczn/BZNMar2003opinions.htm">"Opinion 2027"</a>. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN)) 60. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iczn/BZNMar2003opinions.htm">the original</a> on 9 June 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Opinion+2027&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fhosted_sites%2Ficzn%2FBZNMar2003opinions.htm&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.pub=International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature+%28ICZN%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=60" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-MacDonald-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_31-8">i</a> MacDonald, M. L.; Rogers, Q. R.; Morris, J. G. (1984). "Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore". Annual Review of Nutrition 4: 521–562. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.nu.04.070184.002513">10.1146/annurev.nu.04.070184.002513</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6380542">6380542</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Nutrition+of+the+domestic+cat%2C+a+mammalian+carnivore&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+M.+L.&rft.au=Morris%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Q.+R.&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.nu.04.070184.002513&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6380542&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Nutrition&rft.pages=521-562&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=4" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Baron-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baron_32-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baron_32-1">b</a> Baron, Alan; Stewart, C. N.; Warren, J. M. (1 January 1957). "Patterns of Social Interaction in Cats (Felis domestica)". Behaviour 11 (1): 56–66. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F156853956X00084">10.1163/156853956X00084</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4532869">4532869</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Social+Interaction+in+Cats+%28Felis+domestica%29&rft.au=Baron%2C+Alan&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.au=Stewart%2C+C.+N.&rft.au=Warren%2C+J.+M.&rft.date=1+January+1957&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156853956X00084&rft.issue=1&rft.jstor=4532869&rft.jtitle=Behaviour&rft.pages=56-66&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=11" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Vella-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Vella_33-0">Jump up ^</a> Vella, Carolyn M.; Shelton, Lorraine M.; McGonagle, John J.; Stanglein, Terry W. (1999). Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-4069-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-4069-3">0-7506-4069-3</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Carolyn+M.&rft.aulast=Vella&rft.au=McGonagle%2C+John+J.&rft.au=Shelton%2C+Lorraine+M.&rft.au=Stanglein%2C+Terry+W.&rft.au=Vella%2C+Carolyn+M.&rft.btitle=Robinson%27s+Genetics+for+Cat+Breeders+and+Veterinarians&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7506-4069-3&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/">"Catalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large Mammalian Fauna in the Collection of The National Museum of Georgia"</a>. Caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Specimens+of+Caucasian+Large+Mammalian+Fauna+in+the+Collection+of+The+National+Museum+of+Georgia&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru%2F&rft.pub=Caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Johnson-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_35-0">Jump up ^</a> Johnson, Warren E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2006). "The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment". Science 311 (5757): 73–77. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311...73J">2006Sci...311...73J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1122277">10.1126/science.1122277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400146">16400146</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Late+Miocene+Radiation+of+Modern+Felidae%3A+A+Genetic+Assessment&rft.au=Antunes%2C+A.&rft.au=Eizirik%2C+E.&rft.aufirst=Warren+E.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren+E.&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.au=Murphy%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+J.&rft.au=Teeling%2C+E.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Sci...311...73J&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1122277&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16400146&rft.issue=5757&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=73-77&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=311" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Mattern-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mattern_36-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mattern_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mattern_36-2">c</a> Mattern, Michelle Y.; McLennan, Deborah A. (2000). "Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids". Cladistics 16 (2): 232–253. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+Speciation+of+Felids&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Y.&rft.aulast=Mattern&rft.au=Mattern%2C+Michelle+Y.&rft.au=McLennan%2C+Deborah+A.&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Cladistics&rft.pages=232-253&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=16" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Masuda_1996-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Masuda_1996_37-0">Jump up ^</a> Masuda, R.; Lopez, J. V.; Slattery, J. P.; Yuhki, N.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (1996). "Molecular Phylogeny of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and 12S rRNA Sequences in the Felidae: Ocelot and Domestic Cat Lineages". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6 (3): 351–365. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fmpev.1996.0085">10.1006/mpev.1996.0085</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8975691">8975691</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Molecular+Phylogeny+of+Mitochondrial+Cytochrome+b+and+12S+rRNA+Sequences+in+the+Felidae%3A+Ocelot+and+Domestic+Cat+Lineages&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Masuda&rft.au=Lopez%2C+J.+V.&rft.au=Masuda%2C+R.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Slattery%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Yuhki%2C+N.&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fmpev.1996.0085&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8975691&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.pages=351-365&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=6" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Lipinski-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lipinski_38-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipinski_38-1">b</a> Lipinski, Monika J.; Froenicke, Lutz; Baysac, Kathleen C.; Billings, Nicholas C.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Levy, Alon M.; Longeri, Maria; Niini, Tirri; Ozpinar, Haydar (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438">"The Ascent of Cat Breeds: Genetic Evaluations of Breeds and Worldwide Random-bred Populations"</a>. Genomics 91 (1): 12–21. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009">10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438">2267438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060738">18060738</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Ascent+of+Cat+Breeds%3A+Genetic+Evaluations+of+Breeds+and+Worldwide+Random-bred+Populations&rft.au=Baysac%2C+Kathleen+C.&rft.au=Billings%2C+Nicholas+C.&rft.aufirst=Monika+J.&rft.au=Froenicke%2C+Lutz&rft.aulast=Lipinski&rft.au=Leutenegger%2C+Christian+M.&rft.au=Levy%2C+Alon+M.&rft.au=Lipinski%2C+Monika+J.&rft.au=Longeri%2C+Maria&rft.au=Niini%2C+Tirri&rft.au=Ozpinar%2C+Haydar&rft.date=January+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2267438&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2267438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18060738&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Genomics&rft.pages=12-21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=91" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CameronBeaumont-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_39-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_39-2">c</a> Cameron-Beaumont, Charlotte; Lowe, Sarah E.; Bradshaw, John W. S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neiu.edu/~jkasmer/Biol498R/Readings/essay1-06.pdf">"Evidence Suggesting Pre-adaptation to Domestication throughout the Small Felidae"</a>. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75 (3): 361–366. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8312.2002.00028.x">10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00028.x</a>. Retrieved 29 September 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Evidence+Suggesting+Pre-adaptation+to+Domestication+throughout+the+Small+Felidae&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+John+W.+S.&rft.au=Cameron-Beaumont%2C+Charlotte&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.aulast=Cameron-Beaumont&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Sarah+E.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neiu.edu%2F~jkasmer%2FBiol498R%2FReadings%2Fessay1-06.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1095-8312.2002.00028.x&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.pages=361-366&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=75" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Oliveira-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_40-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_40-1">b</a> Oliveira, R.; Godinho, R.; Randi, E.; Alves, P. C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606743">"Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Iberian Peninsula?"</a>. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 363 (1505): 295329861. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2008.0052">10.1098/rstb.2008.0052</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606743">2606743</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522917">18522917</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Hybridization+Versus+Conservation%3A+Are+Domestic+Cats+Threatening+the+Genetic+Integrity+of+Wildcats+%28Felis+silvestris+silvestris%29+in+Iberian+Peninsula%3F&rft.au=Alves%2C+P.+C.&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Godinho%2C+R.&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.au=Oliveira%2C+R.&rft.au=Randi%2C+E.&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2606743&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2008.0052&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2606743&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18522917&rft.issue=1505&rft.jtitle=Philos.+Trans.+R.+Soc.+Lond.%2C+B%2C+Biol.+Sci.&rft.pages=295329861&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=363" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Fogle-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_41-0">Jump up ^</a> Fogle, Bruce (ed.) (1981). Interrelations Between People and Pets. Charles C. Thomas Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-398-04169-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-398-04169-5">0-398-04169-5</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Bruce+%28ed.%29&rft.au=Fogle%2C+Bruce+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Fogle&rft.btitle=Interrelations+Between+People+and+Pets&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-398-04169-5&rft.pub=Charles+C.+Thomas+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-OConnor-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OConnor_42-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OConnor_42-1">b</a> O'Connor, T. P. (2007). "Wild or Domestic? Biometric Variation in the Cat Felis silvestris". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 17 (6): 581–595. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Foa.913">10.1002/oa.913</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Wild+or+Domestic%3F+Biometric+Variation+in+the+Cat+Felis+silvestris&rft.aufirst=T.+P.&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+T.+P.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Foa.913&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Osteoarchaeology&rft.pages=581-595&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=17" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Nie_2002-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Nie_2002_43-0">Jump up ^</a> Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The Genome Phylogeny of Domestic Cat, Red Panda and Five Mustelid Species Revealed by Comparative Chromosome Painting and G-banding". Chromosome Research 10 (3): 209–222. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631">10.1023/A:1015292005631</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12067210">12067210</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Genome+Phylogeny+of+Domestic+Cat%2C+Red+Panda+and+Five+Mustelid+Species+Revealed+by+Comparative+Chromosome+Painting+and+G-banding&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Nie&rft.au=Nie%2C+W.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+P.+C.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12067210&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Chromosome+Research&rft.pages=209-222&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=10" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-pmid17975172-44"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17975172_44-0">Jump up ^</a> Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R. et al. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150">"Initial Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Cat Genome"</a>. Genome Research 17 (11): 1675–89. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6380007">10.1101/gr.6380007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150">2045150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975172">17975172</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Initial+Sequence+and+Comparative+Analysis+of+the+Cat+Genome&rft.aufirst=J.+U.&rft.aulast=Pontius&rft.au=Mullikin%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Pontius%2C+J.+U.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D.+R.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2045150&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgr.6380007&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2045150&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17975172&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&rft.pages=1675-89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=17" class="Z3988">  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.">link</a>)</li>

+<li id="cite_note-O.27Brien-45"><a href="#cite_ref-O.27Brien_45-0">Jump up ^</a> O'Brien, Stephen J.; Johnson, W.; Driscoll, C.; Pontius, J.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Menotti-Raymond, M. (2008). "State of Cat Genomics". Trends in Genetics 24 (6): 268–279. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tig.2008.03.004">10.1016/j.tig.2008.03.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471926">18471926</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=State+of+Cat+Genomics&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+C.&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+M.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+J.&rft.au=Pontius%2C+J.&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tig.2008.03.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18471926&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.pages=268-279&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=24" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Sewell_2007-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Sewell_2007_46-0">Jump up ^</a> Sewell, A. C.; Haskins, M. E.; Giger, U. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132193">"Inherited Metabolic Disease in Companion Animals: Searching for Nature's Mistakes"</a>. Veterinary Journal 174 (2): 252–259. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2006.08.017">10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.08.017</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132193">3132193</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17085062">17085062</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Inherited+Metabolic+Disease+in+Companion+Animals%3A+Searching+for+Nature%27s+Mistakes&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft.au=Giger%2C+U.&rft.au=Haskins%2C+M.+E.&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.au=Sewell%2C+A.+C.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3132193&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2006.08.017&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F3132193&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17085062&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Journal&rft.pages=252-259&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=174" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-OBrien-47"><a href="#cite_ref-OBrien_47-0">Jump up ^</a> O'Brien, Stephen J.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Murphy, W. J.; Yuhki, N. (2002). "The Feline Genome Project". Annual Review of Genetics 36: 657–686. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.genet.36.060602.145553">10.1146/annurev.genet.36.060602.145553</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12359739">12359739</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Feline+Genome+Project&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+M.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Yuhki%2C+N.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.genet.36.060602.145553&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12359739&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Genetics&rft.pages=657-686&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=36" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Hartwell_2007-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Hartwell_2007_48-0">Jump up ^</a> Hartwell, Sarah (2002–2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html">"Dwarf, Midget and Miniature Cats (Including 'Tea-cup' Cats)"</a>. MessyBeast.com. self-published. Retrieved 27 January 2015.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Dwarf%2C+Midget+and+Miniature+Cats+%28Including+%27Tea-cup%27+Cats%29&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Hartwell%2C+Sarah&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.date=2002-2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messybeast.com%2Fdwarfcats.html&rft.jtitle=MessyBeast.com&rft.pub=self-published&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#SELF" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-World_Records-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_Records_49-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Records_49-1">b</a> Wilson, Julia (2002–2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801204720/http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm">"Cat World Records"</a>. Cat-World.com.au. self-published. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm">the original</a> on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+World+Records&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Julia&rft.date=2002-2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cat-world.com.au%2FCatRecords.htm&rft.jtitle=Cat-World.com.au&rft.pub=self-published&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#SELF" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebostoncathospital.com/site/view/144926_felinefastfacts.pml">"Feline Veterinary care by The Boston Cat Hospital/Feline Fast Cats"</a>. The Boston Cat Hospital. Retrieved 10 January 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Feline+Veterinary+care+by+The+Boston+Cat+Hospital%2FFeline+Fast+Cats&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebostoncathospital.com%2Fsite%2Fview%2F144926_felinefastfacts.pml&rft.pub=The+Boston+Cat+Hospital&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Animal_Bytes-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Animal_Bytes_51-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm">"Domestic Cat"</a>. Animal Bytes. <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_and_Entertainment" title="SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment" class="mw-redirect">SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment</a>. 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Domestic+Cat&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaworld.org%2Fanimal-info%2FAnimal-Bytes%2Fanimalia%2Feumetazoa%2Fcoelomates%2Fdeuterostomes%2Fchordata%2Fcraniata%2Fmammalia%2Fcarnivora%2Fdomestic-cat.htm&rft.jtitle=Animal+Bytes&rft.pub=SeaWorld+Parks+and+Entertainment&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources and names them, but does not cite them in detail.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Walker-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_52-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_52-1">b</a> Walker, Warren F. (1982). Study of the Cat with Reference to Human Beings (4th Revised ed.). Thomson Learning. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-057914-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-057914-7">0-03-057914-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Warren+F.&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.au=Walker%2C+Warren+F.&rft.btitle=Study+of+the+Cat+with+Reference+to+Human+Beings&rft.date=1982&rft.edition=4th+Revised&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-03-057914-7&rft.pub=Thomson+Learning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Gillis_2002-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Gillis_2002_53-0">Jump up ^</a> Gillis, Rick (ed.) (22 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm">"Cat Skeleton"</a>. Zoolab: A Website for Animal Biology. La Crosse, WI: University of Wisconsin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm">the original</a> on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Skeleton&rft.aufirst=Rick+%28ed.%29&rft.au=Gillis%2C+Rick+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Gillis&rft.date=22+July+2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioweb.uwlax.edu%2Fzoolab%2FTable_of_Contents%2FLab-9b%2FCat_Skeleton_1%2Fcat_skeleton_1.htm&rft.jtitle=Zoolab%3A+A+Website+for+Animal+Biology&rft.place=La+Crosse%2C+WI&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Case-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-4">e</a> *Case, Linda P. (2003). The Cat: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Pr. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8138-0331-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8138-0331-4">0-8138-0331-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Case%2C+Linda+P.&rft.aufirst=Linda+P.&rft.aulast=Case&rft.btitle=The+Cat%3A+Its+Behavior%2C+Nutrition%2C+and+Health&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8138-0331-4&rft.place=Ames%2C+IA&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University+Pr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Smith1992-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1992_55-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1992_55-1">b</a> Smith, Patricia; Tchernov, Eitan (1992). Structure, Function and Evolution of teeth. Freund Publishing House Ltd. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-222-270-4" title="Special:BookSources/965-222-270-4">965-222-270-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.au=Smith%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Tchernov%2C+Eitan&rft.btitle=Structure%2C+Function+and+Evolution+of+teeth&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=965-222-270-4&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Freund+Publishing+House+Ltd.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Lacquaniti_1999-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Lacquaniti_1999_56-0">Jump up ^</a> Lacquaniti, F.; Grasso, R.; Zago, M. (1 August 1999). "Motor Patterns in Walking". News Physiol. Sci. 14 (4): 168–174. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11390844">11390844</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Motor+Patterns+in+Walking&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Grasso%2C+R.&rft.au=Lacquaniti%2C+F.&rft.aulast=Lacquaniti&rft.au=Zago%2C+M.&rft.date=1+August+1999&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11390844&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=News+Physiol.+Sci.&rft.pages=168-174&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=14" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Christensen_2004-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_2004_57-0">Jump up ^</a> Christensen, Wendy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=WmuQQXU6EtAC&pg=PA23">Outwitting Cats</a>. Globe Pequot. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59228-240-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-59228-240-7">1-59228-240-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Wendy&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.btitle=Outwitting+Cats&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWmuQQXU6EtAC%26pg%3DPA23&rft.isbn=1-59228-240-7&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Russell_2001-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell_2001_58-0">Jump up ^</a> Russell, Anthony P.; Bryant, Harold N. (2001). "Claw Retraction and Protraction in the Carnivora: The Cheetah (Acinonyx Jubatus) as an Atypical Felid". Journal of Zoology 254 (1): 67–76. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0952836901000565">10.1017/S0952836901000565</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Claw+Retraction+and+Protraction+in+the+Carnivora%3A+The+Cheetah+%28Acinonyx+Jubatus%29+as+an+Atypical+Felid&rft.au=Bryant%2C+Harold+N.&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.au=Russell%2C+Anthony+P.&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0952836901000565&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&rft.pages=67-76&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=254" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Armes_1900-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Armes_1900_59-0">Jump up ^</a> Armes, Annetta F. (22 December 1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ">"Outline of Cat Lessons"</a>. The School Journal (E. L. Kellogg & Co) LXI: 659. Retrieved 12 November 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Outline+of+Cat+Lessons&rft.au=Armes%2C+Annetta+F.&rft.aufirst=Annetta+F.&rft.aulast=Armes&rft.date=22+December+1900&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-_gBAAAAYAAJ&rft.jtitle=The+School+Journal&rft.pages=659&rft.pub=E.+L.+Kellogg+%26+Co&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=LXI" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Danforth1947-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danforth1947_60-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danforth1947_60-1">b</a> Danforth CH (April 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/4/107.full.pdf">"Heredity of polydactyly in the cat"</a>. The Journal of Heredity 38 (4): 107–12. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20242531">20242531</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Heredity+of+polydactyly+in+the+cat&rft.au=Danforth+CH&rft.aulast=Danforth+CH&rft.date=April+1947&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjhered.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F38%2F4%2F107.full.pdf&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20242531&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Heredity&rft.pages=107-12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=38" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Lettice_2008-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Lettice_2008_61-0">Jump up ^</a> Lettice LA, Hill AE, Devenney PS, Hill RE (April 2008). "Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog cis-regulator generate a variable regulatory output responsible for preaxial polydactyly". Human Molecular Genetics 17 (7): 978–85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddm370">10.1093/hmg/ddm370</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156157">18156157</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Point+mutations+in+a+distant+sonic+hedgehog+cis-regulator+generate+a+variable+regulatory+output+responsible+for+preaxial+polydactyly&rft.aulast=Lettice+LA%2C+Hill+AE%2C+Devenney+PS%2C+Hill+RE&rft.au=Lettice+LA%2C+Hill+AE%2C+Devenney+PS%2C+Hill+RE&rft.date=April+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddm370&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18156157&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&rft.pages=978-85&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=17" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Kahn-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Kahn_62-0">Jump up ^</a> Kahn, Cynthia M.; Line, Scott (2007). Hollander, Joseph Lee, ed. The Merck/Merial Manual for Pet Health. Merck. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911910-99-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-911910-99-9">0-911910-99-9</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+M.&rft.au=Kahn%2C+Cynthia+M.&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.au=Line%2C+Scott&rft.btitle=The+Merck%2FMerial+Manual+for+Pet+Health&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-911910-99-9&rft.pub=Merck&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-SDCN-63"><a href="#cite_ref-SDCN_63-0">Jump up ^</a> Subcommittee on Dog and Cat Nutrition (2006). Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-08628-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-08628-0">0-309-08628-0</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aulast=Subcommittee+on+Dog+and+Cat+Nutrition&rft.au=Subcommittee+on+Dog+and+Cat+Nutrition&rft.btitle=Nutrient+Requirements+of+Dogs+and+Cats&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-309-08628-0&rft.pages=292&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cathealth.com/how-and-why/how-do-cats-sweat">"How do cats sweat?"</a>. Cat Health,com. Retrieved 24 February 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=How+do+cats+sweat%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cathealth.com%2Fhow-and-why%2Fhow-do-cats-sweat&rft.pub=Cat+Health%2Ccom&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Adams_1970-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Adams_1970_65-0">Jump up ^</a> Adams, T.; Morgan, M. L.; Hunter, W. S.; Holmes, K. R. (1970). "Temperature Regulation of the Unanesthetized Cat During Mild Cold and Severe Heat Stress". Journal of Applied Physiology 29 (6): 852–858. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5485356">5485356</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Temperature+Regulation+of+the+Unanesthetized+Cat+During+Mild+Cold+and+Severe+Heat+Stress&rft.au=Adams%2C+T.&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Holmes%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W.+S.&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.au=Morgan%2C+M.+L.&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5485356&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Physiology&rft.pages=852-858&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=29" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CAN-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAN_66-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAN_66-1">b</a> Committee on Animal Nutrition (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=910#toc">Nutrient Requirements of Cats</a> (2nd ed.). National Academy Pr.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Committee+on+Animal+Nutrition&rft.aulast=Committee+on+Animal+Nutrition&rft.btitle=Nutrient+Requirements+of+Cats&rft.date=1986&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Frecord_id%3D910%23toc&rft.pub=National+Academy+Pr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Prentiss_1959-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Prentiss_1959_67-0">Jump up ^</a> Prentiss, Phoebe G. (1959). "Hydropenia in Cat and Dog: Ability of the Cat to Meet its Water Requirements Solely from a Diet of Fish or Meat". American Journal of Physiology 196 (3): 625–632. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13627237">13627237</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Hydropenia+in+Cat+and+Dog%3A+Ability+of+the+Cat+to+Meet+its+Water+Requirements+Solely+from+a+Diet+of+Fish+or+Meat&rft.aufirst=Phoebe+G.&rft.aulast=Prentiss&rft.au=Prentiss%2C+Phoebe+G.&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13627237&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology&rft.pages=625-632&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=196" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Wolf_1959-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolf_1959_68-0">Jump up ^</a> Wolf, A. V. (1959). "Potability of Sea Water with Special Reference to the Cat". American Journal of Physiology 196 (3): 633–641. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13627238">13627238</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Potability+of+Sea+Water+with+Special+Reference+to+the+Cat&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.au=Wolf%2C+A.+V.&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13627238&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology&rft.pages=633-641&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=196" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Morris_1978-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_1978_69-0">Jump up ^</a> Morris, J. G.; Rogers, Q. R. (1 December 1978). "Arginine: An Essential Amino Acid for the Cat". Journal of Nutrition 108 (12): 1944–1953. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/722344">722344</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Arginine%3A+An+Essential+Amino+Acid+for+the+Cat&rft.aufirst=J.+G.&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.au=Morris%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Q.+R.&rft.date=1+December+1978&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F722344&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.pages=1944-1953&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=108" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Zoran-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zoran_70-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zoran_70-1">b</a> Zoran, D. L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rawessentials.co.nz/media/documents/website%20-zorans_article.pdf">"The Carnivore Connection to Nutrition in Cats"</a>. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221 (11): 1559–1567. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.221.1559">10.2460/javma.2002.221.1559</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479324">12479324</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Carnivore+Connection+to+Nutrition+in+Cats&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft.aulast=Zoran&rft.au=Zoran%2C+D.+L.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rawessentials.co.nz%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Fwebsite%2520-zorans_article.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.221.1559&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12479324&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=1559-1567&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=221" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Gray_2004-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_2004_71-0">Jump up ^</a> Gray, C. M.; Sellon, R. K.; Freeman, L. M. (2004). "Nutritional Adequacy of Two Vegan Diets for Cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225 (11): 1670–1675. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1670">10.2460/javma.2004.225.1670</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15626215">15626215</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Nutritional+Adequacy+of+Two+Vegan+Diets+for+Cats&rft.aufirst=C.+M.&rft.au=Freeman%2C+L.+M.&rft.au=Gray%2C+C.+M.&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.au=Sellon%2C+R.+K.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1670&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15626215&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=1670-1675&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=225" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Zaghini-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zaghini_72-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaghini_72-1">b</a> Zaghini, G.; Biagi, G. (2005). "Nutritional Peculiarities and Diet Palatability in the Cat". Vet. Res. Commun. 29 (Supplement 2): 39–44. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11259-005-0009-1">10.1007/s11259-005-0009-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16244923">16244923</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Nutritional+Peculiarities+and+Diet+Palatability+in+the+Cat&rft.au=Biagi%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Zaghini&rft.au=Zaghini%2C+G.&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11259-005-0009-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16244923&rft.issue=Supplement+2&rft.jtitle=Vet.+Res.+Commun.&rft.pages=39-44&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=29" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-EatGrass-73"><a href="#cite_ref-EatGrass_73-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal.discovery.com/healthy-pets/cat-health-101/why-do-cats-eat-grass.html">"Cat Health 101: Why Do Cats Eat Grass?"</a>. AnimalPlanet.com. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Health+101%3A+Why+Do+Cats+Eat+Grass%3F&rft.date=16+November+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimal.discovery.com%2Fhealthy-pets%2Fcat-health-101%2Fwhy-do-cats-eat-grass.html&rft.jtitle=AnimalPlanet.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Olliver_2004-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Olliver_2004_74-0">Jump up ^</a> Ollivier, F. J.; Samuelson, D. A.; Brooks, D. E.; Lewis, P. A.; Kallberg, M. E.; Komaromy, A. M. (2004). "Comparative Morphology of the Tapetum Lucidum (among Selected Species)". Veterinary Ophthalmology 7 (1): 11–22. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2004.00318.x">10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.00318.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738502">14738502</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Comparative+Morphology+of+the+Tapetum+Lucidum+%28among+Selected+Species%29&rft.au=Brooks%2C+D.+E.&rft.aufirst=F.+J.&rft.au=Kallberg%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Komaromy%2C+A.+M.&rft.aulast=Ollivier&rft.au=Lewis%2C+P.+A.&rft.au=Ollivier%2C+F.+J.&rft.au=Samuelson%2C+D.+A.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2004.00318.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14738502&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Ophthalmology&rft.pages=11-22&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=7" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Malmstrom-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malmstrom_75-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malmstrom_75-1">b</a> Malmström T, Kröger RH (2006). "Pupil shapes and lens optics in the eyes of terrestrial vertebrates". J. Exp. Biol. 209 (Pt 1): 18–25. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.01959">10.1242/jeb.01959</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16354774">16354774</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Pupil+shapes+and+lens+optics+in+the+eyes+of+terrestrial+vertebrates&rft.aulast=Malmstr%C3%B6m+T%2C+Kr%C3%B6ger+RH&rft.au=Malmstr%C3%B6m+T%2C+Kr%C3%B6ger+RH&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.01959&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16354774&rft.issue=Pt+1&rft.jtitle=J.+Exp.+Biol.&rft.pages=18-25&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=209" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Hammond_1985-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_1985_76-0">Jump up ^</a> Hammond, P.; Mouat, G. S. V. (1985). "The relationship between feline pupil size and luminance". Experimental Brain Research 59 (3): 485–490. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00261338">10.1007/BF00261338</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+feline+pupil+size+and+luminance&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+P.&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.au=Mouat%2C+G.+S.+V.&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00261338&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Brain+Research&rft.pages=485-490&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=59" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Loop_1978-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Loop_1978_77-0">Jump up ^</a> Loop, M. S.; Bruce, L. L. (1978). "Cat Color Vision: The Effect of Stimulus Size". Science 199 (4334): 1221–1222. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978Sci...199.1221L">1978Sci...199.1221L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.628838O">10.1126/science.628838O</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628838">628838</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Color+Vision%3A+The+Effect+of+Stimulus+Size&rft.au=Bruce%2C+L.+L.&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.aulast=Loop&rft.au=Loop%2C+M.+S.&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978Sci...199.1221L&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.628838O&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F628838&rft.issue=4334&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1221-1222&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=199" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Schneider_1993-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_1993_78-0">Jump up ^</a> Guenther, Elke; Zrenner, Eberhart (April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/4/1543.full.pdf+html">"The Spectral Sensitivity of Dark- and Light-adapted Cat Retinal Ganglion Cells"</a>. Journal of Neuroscience 13 (4): 1543–1550. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8463834">8463834</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Spectral+Sensitivity+of+Dark-+and+Light-adapted+Cat+Retinal+Ganglion+Cells&rft.aufirst=Elke&rft.au=Guenther%2C+Elke&rft.aulast=Guenther&rft.au=Zrenner%2C+Eberhart&rft.date=April+1993&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jneurosci.org%2Fcontent%2F13%2F4%2F1543.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8463834&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.pages=1543-1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=13" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-PMID15472899-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PMID15472899_79-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PMID15472899_79-1">b</a> Heffner, Rickye S. (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060919003302/http://psychology.utoledo.edu/images/users/74/Primate+Hearing+from+a+Mammalian+Perspective.pdf">"Primate hearing from a mammalian perspective"</a>. The Anatomical Record. Part A, Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 281 (1): 1111–1122. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Far.a.20117">10.1002/ar.a.20117</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472899">15472899</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychology.utoledo.edu/images/users/74/Primate%20Hearing%20from%20a%20Mammalian%20Perspective.pdf">the original</a> on 19 September 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Primate+hearing+from+a+mammalian+perspective&rft.aufirst=Rickye+S.&rft.au=Heffner%2C+Rickye+S.&rft.aulast=Heffner&rft.date=November+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.utoledo.edu%2Fimages%2Fusers%2F74%2FPrimate%2520Hearing%2520from%2520a%2520Mammalian%2520Perspective.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Far.a.20117&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15472899&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+Anatomical+Record.+Part+A%2C+Discoveries+in+Molecular%2C+Cellular%2C+and+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.pages=1111-1122&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=281" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-H._Heffner_1998-80"><a href="#cite_ref-H._Heffner_1998_80-0">Jump up ^</a> Heffner, Henry E. (May 1998). "Auditory awareness". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 57 (3–4): 259–268. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900101-4">10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00101-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Auditory+awareness&rft.aufirst=Henry+E.&rft.au=Heffner%2C+Henry+E.&rft.aulast=Heffner&rft.date=May+1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900101-4&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=259-268&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=57" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Sunquist-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sunquist_81-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sunquist_81-1">b</a> Sunquist, Melvin E.; Sunquist, Fiona (2002). Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-77999-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-77999-8">0-226-77999-8</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Melvin+E.&rft.aulast=Sunquist&rft.au=Sunquist%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Sunquist%2C+Melvin+E.&rft.btitle=Wild+Cats+of+the+World&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-226-77999-8&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Blumberg_1992-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Blumberg_1992_82-0">Jump up ^</a> Blumberg, M. S. (1992). "Rodent ultrasonic short calls: locomotion, biomechanics, and communication". Journal of Comparative Psychology 106 (4): 360–365. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7036.106.4.360">10.1037/0735-7036.106.4.360</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1451418">1451418</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Rodent+ultrasonic+short+calls%3A+locomotion%2C+biomechanics%2C+and+communication&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+M.+S.&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7036.106.4.360&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1451418&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Psychology&rft.pages=360-365&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=106" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">Jump up ^</a> Heffner, Rickye S. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychology.utoledo.edu/images/users/74/Audiograms/HearingRangeOfTheDomesticCat_1985.pdf">"Hearing range of the domestic cat"</a>. Hearing Research 19 (1): 85–88. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-5955%2885%2990100-5">10.1016/0378-5955(85)90100-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4066516">4066516</a>. Retrieved 20 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Hearing+range+of+the+domestic+cat&rft.aufirst=Rickye+S.&rft.au=Heffner%2C+Rickye+S.&rft.aulast=Heffner&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.utoledo.edu%2Fimages%2Fusers%2F74%2FAudiograms%2FHearingRangeOfTheDomesticCat_1985.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0378-5955%2885%2990100-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4066516&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Hearing+Research&rft.pages=85-88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=19" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Moulton_1967-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Moulton_1967_84-0">Jump up ^</a> Moulton, David G. (1 August 1967). "Olfaction in mammals". American Zoology 7 (3): 421–429. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F7.3.421">10.1093/icb/7.3.421</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Olfaction+in+mammals&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft.aulast=Moulton&rft.au=Moulton%2C+David+G.&rft.date=1+August+1967&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficb%2F7.3.421&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Zoology&rft.pages=421-429&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=7" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-felinine-85"><a href="#cite_ref-felinine_85-0">Jump up ^</a> Miyazaki, M.; Yamashita, T; Suzuki, Y.; Saito, Y.; Soeta, S.; Taira, H.; Suzuki, A. (2006). "A major urinary protein of the domestic cat regulates the production of felinine, a putative pheromone precursor". Chem. Biol. 13 (10): 1071–1079. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013">10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.08.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052611">17052611</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=A+major+urinary+protein+of+the+domestic+cat+regulates+the+production+of+felinine%2C+a+putative+pheromone+precursor&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Miyazaki&rft.au=Miyazaki%2C+M.&rft.au=Saito%2C+Y.&rft.au=Soeta%2C+S.&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+A.&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Y.&rft.au=Taira%2C+H.&rft.au=Yamashita%2C+T&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17052611&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Biol.&rft.pages=1071-1079&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=13" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Sommerville-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_86-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_86-2">c</a> Sommerville, B. A. (1998). "Olfactory Awareness". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 57 (3–4): 269–286. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900102-6">10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00102-6</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Olfactory+Awareness&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft.aulast=Sommerville&rft.au=Sommerville%2C+B.+A.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900102-6&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=269-286&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=57" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">Jump up ^</a> Grognet, Jeff (June 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480656">"Catnip: Its uses and effects, past and present"</a>. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 31 (6): 455–456. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480656">1480656</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17423611">17423611</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Catnip%3A+Its+uses+and+effects%2C+past+and+present&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Grognet%2C+Jeff&rft.aulast=Grognet&rft.date=June+1990&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1480656&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F1480656&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17423611&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.pages=455-456&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=31" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">Jump up ^</a> Turner, Ramona (29 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats">"How does catnip work its magic on cats?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Ramona&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.au=Turner%2C+Ramona&rft.btitle=How+does+catnip+work+its+magic+on+cats%3F&rft.date=29+May+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dexperts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats&rft.pub=Scientific+American&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Tucker-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_89-0">Jump up ^</a> Tucker, Arthur; Tucker, Sharon (1988). "Catnip and the catnip response". Economic Botany 42 (2): 214–231. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02858923">10.1007/BF02858923</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Catnip+and+the+catnip+response&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Sharon&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02858923&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.pages=214-231&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=42" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petside.com/article/why-cats-can-t-taste-sweets">"Why Cats Can't Taste Sweets"</a>. Petside. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Why+Cats+Can%27t+Taste+Sweets&rft.date=13+March+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petside.com%2Farticle%2Fwhy-cats-can-t-taste-sweets&rft.pub=Petside&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Bradshaw2006-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw2006_91-0">Jump up ^</a> Bradshaw, John W. S. (1 July 2006). "The Evolutionary Basis for the Feeding Behavior of Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) and Cats (Felis catus)". Journal of Nutrition 136 (7): 1927S–1931. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772461">16772461</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Evolutionary+Basis+for+the+Feeding+Behavior+of+Domestic+Dogs+%28Canis+familiaris%29+and+Cats+%28Felis+catus%29&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+John+W.+S.&rft.aufirst=John+W.+S.&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.date=1+July+2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16772461&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.pages=1927S-1931&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=136" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Kraft_1998-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft_1998_92-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft_1998_92-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft_1998_92-2">c</a> Kraft W (February 1998). "Geriatrics in canine and feline internal medicine". European Journal of Medical Research 3 (1–2): 31–41. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9512965">9512965</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Geriatrics+in+canine+and+feline+internal+medicine&rft.au=Kraft+W&rft.aulast=Kraft+W&rft.date=February+1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9512965&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Medical+Research&rft.pages=31-41&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=3" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Nassar_1984-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Nassar_1984_93-0">Jump up ^</a> Nassar R, Mosier JE, Williams LW (February 1984). "Study of the feline and canine populations in the greater Las Vegas area". American Journal of Veterinary Research 45 (2): 282–7. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6711951">6711951</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Study+of+the+feline+and+canine+populations+in+the+greater+Las+Vegas+area&rft.aufirst=R&rft.aulast=Nassar&rft.au=Mosier%2C+JE&rft.au=Nassar%2C+R&rft.au=Williams%2C+LW&rft.date=February+1984&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6711951&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&rft.pages=282-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=45" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Banfield_2013_report-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banfield_2013_report_94-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banfield_2013_report_94-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stateofpethealth.com/Content/pdf/Banfield-State-of-Pet-Health-Report_2013.pdf">"State of Pet Health 2013 Report"</a>, Banfield Pet Hospital. The report reflects data from 460,000 cats seen at more than 800 animal hospitals in 43 US states in 2013. For life expectancy estimates, cats euthanized at an age of over one year old were included in the data (p. 2).</li>

+<li id="cite_note-30yo-95"><a href="#cite_ref-30yo_95-0">Jump up ^</a> Example: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091002231250/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/33094898/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals?GT1=43001">"Me-wow! Texas Woman Says Cat is 30 Years Old – Although She Can't Hear or See Very Well, Caterack the Cat Is Still Purring"</a>. MSNBC.MSN.com. New York: Microsoft. 30 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/33094898/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals?GT1=43001">the original</a> on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Me-wow%21+Texas+Woman+Says+Cat+is+30+Years+Old%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Although+She+Can%27t+Hear+or+See+Very+Well%2C+Caterack+the+Cat+Is+Still+Purring&rft.date=30+September+2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F33094898%2Fns%2Ftoday-today_pets_and_animals%3FGT1%3D43001&rft.jtitle=MSNBC.MSN.com&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-G2010-96"><a href="#cite_ref-G2010_96-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=hLYzvUvPL3MC&pg=PA320">Guinness World Records</a> (reprint ed.). Bantam. 2010. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-59337-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-59337-2">978-0-553-59337-2</a>. <q>The oldest cat ever was Creme Puff, who [sic] was born on August 3, 1967 and lived until August 6, 2005 – 38 years and 3 days in total.</q><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=reprint&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DhLYzvUvPL3MC%26pg%3DPA320&rft.isbn=978-0-553-59337-2&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Bantam&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-spay-neuter-97"><a href="#cite_ref-spay-neuter_97-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/spay-neuter.html">"Cat Care: Spay–Neuter"</a>. ASPCA.org. New York: <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a>. 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Care%3A+Spay%E2%80%93Neuter&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspca.org%2Fpet-care%2Fcat-care%2Fspay-neuter.html&rft.jtitle=ASPCA.org&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources but does not name them.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Levy_2003-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Levy_2003_98-0">Jump up ^</a> Levy, Julie K.; Gale, David W.&zwnj;; Gale, Leslie A. (January 2003). "Evaluation of the effect of a long-term trap-neuter-return and adoption program on a free-roaming cat population". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 222 (1): 42–6. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2003.222.42">10.2460/javma.2003.222.42</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523478">12523478</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+effect+of+a+long-term+trap-neuter-return+and+adoption+program+on+a+free-roaming+cat+population&rft.aufirst=Julie+K.&rft.au=Gale%2C+David+W.%E2%80%8C&rft.au=Gale%2C+Leslie+A.&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.au=Levy%2C+Julie+K.&rft.date=January+2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2003.222.42&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12523478&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=42-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=222" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Levy_2004-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Levy_2004_99-0">Jump up ^</a> Levy, Julie K.; Crawford, P. Cynda (November 2004). "Humane strategies for controlling feral cat populations". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225 (9): 1354–60. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1354">10.2460/javma.2004.225.1354</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15552308">15552308</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Humane+strategies+for+controlling+feral+cat+populations&rft.au=Crawford%2C+P.+Cynda&rft.aufirst=Julie+K.&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.au=Levy%2C+Julie+K.&rft.date=November+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1354&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15552308&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=1354-60&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=225" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Globe_interview_Parliament_Hill_Cat_sanctuary_closing-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Globe_interview_Parliament_Hill_Cat_sanctuary_closing_100-0">Jump up ^</a> A number of the four remaining colony cats at the Parliament Hill Cat Sanctuary in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada were 15 and 16 years old in 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/travel-news/a-beloved-parliament-hill-attraction-uses-up-its-nine-lives/article8103874/">"A beloved Parliament Hill attraction uses up its nine lives"</a>, Karan Smith, The Globe and Mail, 1 February 2013.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Remfry_1996-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Remfry_1996_101-0">Jump up ^</a> J. Remfry, Feral Cats in the United Kingdom (JAVMA Vol. 208, No. 4, 15 February 1996, pp. 520-523), at p. 522, available online at pp. 24-27 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecfvg.avma.org/Files/ProductDownloads/1995_the_welfare_of_cats.pdf">"AVMA Animal Welfare Forum: The welfare of cats"</a>, 3 November 1995.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-TNR_Works_Merrimack_River-102"><a href="#cite_ref-TNR_Works_Merrimack_River_102-0">Jump up ^</a> Zorro, the last cat of a colony at the Merrimack River in Newburyport, Massachusetts, died in 2009 at age 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alleycat.org/TNRworks">"Trap-Neuter-Return Effectively Stabilizes and Reduces Feral Cat Populations: Trap-Neuter-Return Humanely Stabilized and Reduced in Size the Merrimack River Colony"</a>, Alley Cat Allies, accessed 18 August 2014; an earlier article in the LA Times was written when Zorro was the last remaining living cat: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2009/09/advocates-report-success-with-trap-neuter-return-approach-to-stray-cats.html">"Advocates report success with trap, neuter, return approach to stray cats"</a>, Los Angeles Times, 29 September 2009.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-TNR_Works_Washington_DC-103"><a href="#cite_ref-TNR_Works_Washington_DC_103-0">Jump up ^</a> The last cat in a managed colony in Washington, D.C. died at age 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alleycat.org/TNRworks">"Trap-Neuter-Return Effectively Stabilizes and Reduces Feral Cat Populations: Washington, D.C. Cat Colony Stabilized and Eventually Reduced to Zero"</a>, Alley Cat Allies, accessed 18 August 2014.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-vetinfo-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vetinfo_104-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html">"Toxic to Cats"</a>. VetInfo.com. 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Toxic+to+Cats&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vetinfo.com%2Fctoxin.html&rft.jtitle=VetInfo.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources but does not name them.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Williams_1978-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_1978_105-0">Jump up ^</a> Williams, R. T. (1 February 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637137">"Species Variations in the Pathways of Drug Metabolism"</a>. Environmental Health Perspectives 22: 133–138. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3428562">10.2307/3428562</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3428562">3428562</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637137">1637137</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417918">417918</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Species+Variations+in+the+Pathways+of+Drug+Metabolism&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.au=Williams%2C+R.+T.&rft.date=1+February+1978&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1637137&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3428562&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F1637137&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F417918&rft.jstor=3428562&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.pages=133-138&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=22" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Rowland_1987-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Rowland_1987_106-0">Jump up ^</a> Rowland, J. (1987). "Incidence of Ethylene Glycol Intoxication in Dogs and Cats Seen at Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital". Vet Hum Toxicol 29 (1): 41–44. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3824875">3824875</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Ethylene+Glycol+Intoxication+in+Dogs+and+Cats+Seen+at+Colorado+State+University+Veterinary+Teaching+Hospital&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.au=Rowland%2C+J.&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3824875&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Vet+Hum+Toxicol&rft.pages=41-44&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=29" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Potera_2007-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Potera_2007_107-0">Jump up ^</a> Potera, C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137107">"Chemical Exposures: Cats as Sentinel Species"</a>. Environmental Health Perspectives 115 (12): A580. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.115-a580a">10.1289/ehp.115-a580a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137107">2137107</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18087575">18087575</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Chemical+Exposures%3A+Cats+as+Sentinel+Species&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.aulast=Potera&rft.au=Potera%2C+C.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2137107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.115-a580a&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2137107&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18087575&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.pages=A580&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=115" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CanVetJ2003-Allen-108"><a href="#cite_ref-CanVetJ2003-Allen_108-0">Jump up ^</a> Allen, A. L. (1 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC340185">"The Diagnosis of Acetaminophen Toxicosis in a Cat"</a>. Canadian Veterinary Journal 44 (6): 509–510. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC340185">340185</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12839249">12839249</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Diagnosis+of+Acetaminophen+Toxicosis+in+a+Cat&rft.au=Allen%2C+A.+L.&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.date=1+June+2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC340185&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F340185&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12839249&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.pages=509-510&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=44" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar_109-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar_109-1">b</a> Villar, D.; Buck, W. B.; Gonzalez, J. M. (1998). "Ibuprofen, Aspirin and Acetaminophen Toxicosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats". Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 40 (3): 156–162. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9610496">9610496</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Ibuprofen%2C+Aspirin+and+Acetaminophen+Toxicosis+and+Treatment+in+Dogs+and+Cats&rft.au=Buck%2C+W.+B.&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+J.+M.&rft.aulast=Villar&rft.au=Villar%2C+D.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9610496&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Vet.+Hum.+Toxicol.&rft.pages=156-162&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=40" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-DeClementi_2004-110"><a href="#cite_ref-DeClementi_2004_110-0">Jump up ^</a> DeClementi, Camille; Bailey, Keith L.; Goldstein, Spencer C.; Orser, Michael Scott (2004). "Suspected Toxicosis after Topical Administration of Minoxidil in Two Cats". Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 14 (4): 287–292. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2004.04014.x">10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.04014.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Suspected+Toxicosis+after+Topical+Administration+of+Minoxidil+in+Two+Cats&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Keith+L.&rft.au=DeClementi%2C+Camille&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+Spencer+C.&rft.aulast=DeClementi&rft.au=Orser%2C+Michael+Scott&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2004.04014.x&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Emergency+and+Critical+Care&rft.pages=287-292&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=14" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Bischoff_1998-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Bischoff_1998_111-0">Jump up ^</a> Bischoff K, Guale F (April 1998). "Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil poisoning in three purebred cats". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10 (2): 208–10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F104063879801000223">10.1177/104063879801000223</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576358">9576358</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Australian+tea+tree+%28Melaleuca+alternifolia%29+oil+poisoning+in+three+purebred+cats&rft.au=Bischoff+K%2C+Guale+F&rft.aulast=Bischoff+K%2C+Guale+F&rft.date=April+1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F104063879801000223&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9576358&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Diagnostic+Investigation&rft.pages=208-10&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=10" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Rousseaux_1986-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Rousseaux_1986_112-0">Jump up ^</a> Rousseaux, C. G.; Smith, R. A.; Nicholson, S. (1986). "Acute Pine-Sol Toxicity in a Domestic Cat". Veterinary and Human Toxicology 28 (4): 316–317. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813">3750813</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Acute+Pine-Sol+Toxicity+in+a+Domestic+Cat&rft.aufirst=C.+G.&rft.aulast=Rousseaux&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+S.&rft.au=Rousseaux%2C+C.+G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+R.+A.&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3750813&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.pages=316-317&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=28" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CFA_antifreeze-113"><a href="#cite_ref-CFA_antifreeze_113-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509041844/http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html">"Antifreeze Warning"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> (CFA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html">the original</a> on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Antifreeze+Warning&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfainc.org%2Farticles%2Fantifreeze.html&rft.pub=Cat+Fanciers%27+Association+%28CFA%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-VT_chocolate-114"><a href="#cite_ref-VT_chocolate_114-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspcapro.org/mydocuments/download.php?f=l-vettech_0301.pdf">"Death by Chocolate? Methylxanthine Toxicosis"</a>. Veterinary Technician. 2001. Retrieved 25 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Death+by+Chocolate%3F+Methylxanthine+Toxicosis&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspcapro.org%2Fmydocuments%2Fdownload.php%3Ff%3Dl-vettech_0301.pdf&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Technician&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CFA_plants-115"><a href="#cite_ref-CFA_plants_115-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5mq1hjPbF">"Plants and Your Cat"</a>. Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html">the original</a> on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Plants+and+Your+Cat&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfainc.org%2Farticles%2Fplants.html&rft.pub=Cat+Fanciers%27+Association&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Langston_2002-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Langston_2002_116-0">Jump up ^</a> Langston, Cathy E. (1 January 2002). "Acute Renal Failure Caused by Lily Ingestion in Six Cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220 (1): 49–52, 36. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49">10.2460/javma.2002.220.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12680447">12680447</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Acute+Renal+Failure+Caused+by+Lily+Ingestion+in+Six+Cats&rft.aufirst=Cathy+E.&rft.au=Langston%2C+Cathy+E.&rft.aulast=Langston&rft.date=1+January+2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12680447&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=49-52%2C+36&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=220" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Germain-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Germain_117-0">Jump up ^</a> Germain, E.; Benhamou, S.; Poulle, M.-L. (2008). "Spatio-temporal Sharing between the European Wildcat, the Domestic Cat and their Hybrids". Journal of Zoology 276 (2): 195–203. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x">10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00479.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+Sharing+between+the+European+Wildcat%2C+the+Domestic+Cat+and+their+Hybrids&rft.au=Benhamou%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Germain%2C+E.&rft.aulast=Germain&rft.au=Poulle%2C+M.-L.&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&rft.pages=195-203&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=276" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Barratt-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barratt_118-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barratt_118-1">b</a> Barratt, David G. (1 June 1997). "Home Range Size, Habitat Utilisation and Movement Patterns of Suburban and Farm Cats Felis catus". Ecography 20 (3): 271–280. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x">10.1111/j.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3682838">3682838</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Home+Range+Size%2C+Habitat+Utilisation+and+Movement+Patterns+of+Suburban+and+Farm+Cats+Felis+catus&rft.au=Barratt%2C+David+G.&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.date=1+June+1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x&rft.issue=3&rft.jstor=3682838&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.pages=271-280&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=20" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Randall_1985-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Randall_1985_119-0">Jump up ^</a> Randall, Walter; Johnson, R. F.; Randall, S.; Cunningham, J. T. (1985). "Circadian rhythms in food intake and activity in domestic cats". Behavioral Neuroscience 99 (6): 1162–1175. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7044.99.6.1162">10.1037/0735-7044.99.6.1162</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3843546">3843546</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Circadian+rhythms+in+food+intake+and+activity+in+domestic+cats&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+J.+T.&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R.+F.&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.au=Randall%2C+S.&rft.au=Randall%2C+Walter&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7044.99.6.1162&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3843546&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.pages=1162-1175&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=99" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Jouvet_1979-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Jouvet_1979_120-0">Jump up ^</a> Jouvet, Michel (1979). "What Does a Cat Dream About?". Trends in Neurosciences 2: 280–282. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0166-2236%2879%2990110-3">10.1016/0166-2236(79)90110-3</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=What+Does+a+Cat+Dream+About%3F&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Jouvet%2C+Michel&rft.aulast=Jouvet&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0166-2236%2879%2990110-3&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&rft.pages=280-282&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=2" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Pontier_1996-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Pontier_1996_121-0">Jump up ^</a> Pontier, Dominique; Eugenia Natoli (1996). "Male Reproductive Success in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus L.): A Case History". Behavioural Processes 37 (1): 85–88. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0376-6357%2895%2900070-4">10.1016/0376-6357(95)00070-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Male+Reproductive+Success+in+the+Domestic+Cat+%28Felis+catus+L.%29%3A+A+Case+History&rft.au=Eugenia+Natoli&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.aulast=Pontier&rft.au=Pontier%2C+Dominique&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0376-6357%2895%2900070-4&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Processes&rft.pages=85-88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=37" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_122-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_122-1">b</a> Crowell-Davis, S. L.; Curtis, T. M.; Knowles, R. J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zoopsy.free.fr/veille_biblio/social_organization_cat_2004.pdf">"Social Organization in the Cat: A Modern Understanding"</a>. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 6 (1): 19–28. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013">10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15123163">15123163</a>. Retrieved 21 May 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Social+Organization+in+the+Cat%3A+A+Modern+Understanding&rft.au=Crowell-Davis%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Curtis%2C+T.+M.&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft.au=Knowles%2C+R.+J.&rft.aulast=Crowell-Davis&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzoopsy.free.fr%2Fveille_biblio%2Fsocial_organization_cat_2004.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15123163&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.pages=19-28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=6" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Bradshaw-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_123-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_123-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_123-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_123-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_123-4">e</a> Bradshaw JW, Goodwin D, Legrand-Defrétin V, Nott HM (1996). "Food selection by the domestic cat, an obligate carnivore". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 114 (3): 205–9. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0300-9629%2895%2902133-7">10.1016/0300-9629(95)02133-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8759144">8759144</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Food+selection+by+the+domestic+cat%2C+an+obligate+carnivore&rft.au=Bradshaw+JW%2C+Goodwin+D%2C+Legrand-Defr%C3%A9tin+V%2C+Nott+HM&rft.aulast=Bradshaw+JW%2C+Goodwin+D%2C+Legrand-Defr%C3%A9tin+V%2C+Nott+HM&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0300-9629%2895%2902133-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8759144&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Comp.+Biochem.+Physiol.+A+Physiol.&rft.pages=205-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=114" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Jensen-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_124-0">Jump up ^</a> Jensen, Per (2009). The Ethology of Domestic Animals. "Modular Text" series. Wallingford, England: CABI. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84593-536-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84593-536-5">1-84593-536-5</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Per&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Per&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.btitle=The+Ethology+of+Domestic+Animals&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-84593-536-5&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+England&rft.pub=CABI&rft.series=%22Modular+Text%22+series&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-behaviourguide-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-behaviourguide_125-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-behaviourguide_125-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224154137/http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html">"Cat Behavior: Body Language"</a>. AnimalPlanet.com. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Behavior%3A+Body+Language&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimal.discovery.com%2Fguides%2Fcats%2Fbehavior%2Fbodylanguageintro.html&rft.jtitle=AnimalPlanet.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Cafazzo-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cafazzo_126-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cafazzo_126-1">b</a> Cafazzo, S.; Natoli, E. (2009). "The Social Function of Tail Up in the Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus)". Behav. Processes 80 (1): 60–66. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2008.09.008">10.1016/j.beproc.2008.09.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930121">18930121</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Social+Function+of+Tail+Up+in+the+Domestic+Cat+%28Felis+silvestris+catus%29&rft.au=Cafazzo%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=Cafazzo&rft.au=Natoli%2C+E.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2008.09.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18930121&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Behav.+Processes&rft.pages=60-66&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=80" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Levine_2005-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Levine_2005_127-0">Jump up ^</a> Levine, E.; Perry, P.; Scarlett, J.; Houpt, K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf">"Intercat Aggression in Households Following the Introduction of a New Cat"</a>. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90 (90): 325–336. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006">10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.006</a>. Retrieved 8 April 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Intercat+Aggression+in+Households+Following+the+Introduction+of+a+New+Cat&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Houpt%2C+K.&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.au=Levine%2C+E.&rft.au=Perry%2C+P.&rft.au=Scarlett%2C+J.&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fjcha%2F330_cats_introducing.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006&rft.issue=90&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=325-336&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=90" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petuniversity.com/dogs/training--behavior/dogs-and-cats.htm">"Dogs and Cats – Getting Along"</a>. Petuniversity.com. Retrieved 4 July 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Dogs+and+Cats%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Getting+Along&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petuniversity.com%2Fdogs%2Ftraining--behavior%2Fdogs-and-cats.htm&rft.pub=Petuniversity.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Animal_Planet-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Animal_Planet_129-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630205100/http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/body/maturity.html">"The Cat Body: Adolescence and Sexual Maturity"</a>. AnimalPlanet.com (Animal.Discovery.com). Discovery Communications. 2007. "Cat Guide" section. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/body/maturity.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Cat+Body%3A+Adolescence+and+Sexual+Maturity&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimal.discovery.com%2Fguides%2Fcats%2Fbody%2Fmaturity.html&rft.jtitle=AnimalPlanet.com+%28Animal.Discovery.com%29&rft.pages=%22Cat+Guide%22+section&rft.pub=Discovery+Communications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-McComb_2009-130"><a href="#cite_ref-McComb_2009_130-0">Jump up ^</a> McComb, K.; Taylor, A. M.; Wilson, C.; Charlton, B. D. (2009). "The Cry Embedded within the Purr". Curr. Biol. 19 (13): R507–508. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.05.033">10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19602409">19602409</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Cry+Embedded+within+the+Purr&rft.au=Charlton%2C+B.+D.&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.aulast=McComb&rft.au=McComb%2C+K.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+C.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.05.033&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19602409&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=Curr.+Biol.&rft.pages=R507-508&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=19" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-hairballs-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hairballs_131-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hairballs_131-1">b</a> Ewing, Tom (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vdVD0cy9jIwJ:www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/news/hair.htm">"A Hairy Dilemma: When Hair Balls Aren't Harmless"</a>. Cat Watch. Feline Health Center, Cornell University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vet.cornell.edu/FHC/news/hair.htm">the original</a> on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=A+Hairy+Dilemma%3A+When+Hair+Balls+Aren%27t+Harmless&rft.au=Ewing%2C+Tom&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vet.cornell.edu%2FFHC%2Fnews%2Fhair.htm&rft.jtitle=Cat+Watch&rft.pub=Feline+Health+Center%2C+Cornell+University&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Boshel_1982-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Boshel_1982_132-0">Jump up ^</a> Boshel, J.; Wilborn, W. H; Singh, B. B.; Peter, S.; Stur, M. (1982). "Filiform Papillae of Cat Tongue". Cells Tissues Organs 114 (2): 97–105. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1159%2F000145583">10.1159/000145583</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728549">17728549</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Filiform+Papillae+of+Cat+Tongue&rft.au=Boshel%2C+J.&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.aulast=Boshel&rft.au=Peter%2C+S.&rft.au=Singh%2C+B.+B.&rft.au=Stur%2C+M.&rft.au=Wilborn%2C+W.+H&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000145583&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17728549&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Cells+Tissues+Organs&rft.pages=97-105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=114" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Moon-Fanelli_comp-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Moon-Fanelli_comp_133-0">Jump up ^</a> Moon-Fanelli, Alice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tufts.edu/vet/vet_common/pdf/petinfo/dvm/case_march2005.pdf">"Feline Compulsive Behavior"</a>. Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 21 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.aulast=Moon-Fanelli&rft.au=Moon-Fanelli%2C+Alice&rft.btitle=Feline+Compulsive+Behavior&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tufts.edu%2Fvet%2Fvet_common%2Fpdf%2Fpetinfo%2Fdvm%2Fcase_march2005.pdf&rft.pub=Tufts+University+School+of+Veterinary+Medicine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/6P1TQjOfq">Archive</a>)</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Lindell-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindell_134-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindell_134-1">b</a> Lindell, Ellen M. (December 1997). "Intercat Aggression: A Retrospective Study Examining Types of Aggression, Sexes of Fighting Pairs, and Effectiveness of Treatment". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 55 (1–2): 153–162. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900032-4">10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00032-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Intercat+Aggression%3A+A+Retrospective+Study+Examining+Types+of+Aggression%2C+Sexes+of+Fighting+Pairs%2C+and+Effectiveness+of+Treatment&rft.aufirst=Ellen+M.&rft.aulast=Lindell&rft.au=Lindell%2C+Ellen+M.&rft.date=December+1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900032-4&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=153-162&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=55" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-courtship-135"><a href="#cite_ref-courtship_135-0">Jump up ^</a> Akihiro Yamane; Teruo Doi; Yuiti Ono (1996). "Mating Behaviors, Courtship Rank and Mating Success of Male Feral Cat (Felis catus)". Journal of Ethology 14 (1): 35–44. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02350090">10.1007/BF02350090</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Mating+Behaviors%2C+Courtship+Rank+and+Mating+Success+of+Male+Feral+Cat+%28Felis+catus%29&rft.au=Akihiro+Yamane%3B+Teruo+Doi%3B+Yuiti+Ono&rft.aulast=Akihiro+Yamane%3B+Teruo+Doi%3B+Yuiti+Ono&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02350090&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethology&rft.pages=35-44&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=14" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-HSUS-136"><a href="#cite_ref-HSUS_136-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041214181209/http://www.hsus.org/pets/pet_care/our_pets_for_life_program/cat_behavior_tip_sheets/aggression_between_family_cats.html">"Aggression Between Family Cats."</a>. The Humane Society of the United States. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/pets/pet_care/our_pets_for_life_program/cat_behavior_tip_sheets/aggression_between_family_cats.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2004.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Aggression+Between+Family+Cats.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fpets%2Fpet_care%2Four_pets_for_life_program%2Fcat_behavior_tip_sheets%2Faggression_between_family_cats.html&rft.pub=The+Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Pederson_1989-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Pederson_1989_137-0">Jump up ^</a> Pedersen, N. C.; Yamamoto, J. K.; Ishida, T.; Hansen, H. (1989). "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 21 (1): 111–29. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0165-2427%2889%2990134-7">10.1016/0165-2427(89)90134-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549690">2549690</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Feline+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Infection&rft.aufirst=N.+C.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+H.&rft.au=Ishida%2C+T.&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+N.+C.&rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+J.+K.&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0165-2427%2889%2990134-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2549690&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.pages=111-29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=21" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Woods-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_138-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_138-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_138-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_138-3">d</a> Woods M, McDonald RA, Harris S. (2003). "Predation of wildlife by domestic cats Felis catus in Great Britain". Mammal Review 23 (2): 174–188. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2907.2003.00017.x">10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00017.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Predation+of+wildlife+by+domestic+cats+Felis+catus+in+Great+Britain&rft.aulast=Woods+M%2C+McDonald+RA%2C+Harris+S.&rft.au=Woods+M%2C+McDonald+RA%2C+Harris+S.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2907.2003.00017.x&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Mammal+Review&rft.pages=174-188&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=23" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">Jump up ^</a> Clones, Cats, And Chemicals: Thinking Scientifically About Controversial Issues – Page 9, Irwin L. Slesnick – 2004</li>

+<li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">Jump up ^</a> Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control – Page 120, Dennis S. Hill – 2008</li>

+<li id="cite_note-NC012913-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NC012913_141-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC012913_141-1">b</a> Loss, Scott R.; Will, Tom; Marra, Peter P. (29 January 2013). "The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States". Nature Communications 4: Article number: 1396. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013NatCo...4E1396L">2013NatCo...4E1396L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2380">10.1038/ncomms2380</a>. <q>We estimate that free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.4–3.7 billion birds and 6.9–20.7 billion mammals annually.</q><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+free-ranging+domestic+cats+on+wildlife+of+the+United+States&rft.aufirst=Scott+R.&rft.aulast=Loss&rft.au=Loss%2C+Scott+R.&rft.au=Marra%2C+Peter+P.&rft.au=Will%2C+Tom&rft.date=29+January+2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013NatCo...4E1396L&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms2380&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.pages=Article+number%3A+1396&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=4" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-NYT012913-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT012913_142-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT012913_142-1">b</a> Natalie Angier (29 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/science/that-cuddly-kitty-of-yours-is-a-killer.html">"That Cuddly Kitty Is Deadlier Than You Think"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 January 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=That+Cuddly+Kitty+Is+Deadlier+Than+You+Think&rft.aulast=Natalie+Angier&rft.au=Natalie+Angier&rft.date=29+January+2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F30%2Fscience%2Fthat-cuddly-kitty-of-yours-is-a-killer.html&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">Jump up ^</a> Willson, S.K., Okunlola, I.A. and Novak, J.A. (2015). "Birds be safe: Can a novel cat collar reduce avian mortality by domestic cats (Felis catus)?". Global Ecology and Conservation 3: 359–366. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2015.01.004">10.1016/j.gecco.2015.01.004</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Birds+be+safe%3A+Can+a+novel+cat+collar+reduce+avian+mortality+by+domestic+cats+%28Felis+catus%29%3F&rft.aulast=Willson%2C+S.K.%2C+Okunlola%2C+I.A.+and+Novak%2C+J.A.&rft.au=Willson%2C+S.K.%2C+Okunlola%2C+I.A.+and+Novak%2C+J.A.&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2015.01.004&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Conservation&rft.pages=359-366&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=3" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Turner_2000-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_2000_144-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_2000_144-1">b</a> Turner, Dennis C.; Bateson, Patrick (eds.) (2000). The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63648-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63648-5">0-521-63648-5</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Bateson%2C+Patrick+%28eds.%29&rft.aufirst=Dennis+C.&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.au=Turner%2C+Dennis+C.&rft.btitle=The+Domestic+Cat%3A+The+Biology+of+its+Behaviour&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-63648-5&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Nash_FS-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Nash_FS_145-0">Jump up ^</a> Nash, Holly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125">"Why Do Cats Like High Places?"</a>. PetEducation.com. Drs. Foster & Smith Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+1313&aid=1125">the original</a> on 2 January 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Why+Do+Cats+Like+High+Places%3F&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.au=Nash%2C+Holly&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteducation.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc%3D1%2B1313%26aid%3D1125&rft.jtitle=PetEducation.com&rft.pub=Drs.+Foster+%26+Smith+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-falling-146"><a href="#cite_ref-falling_146-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026122408/http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html">"Falling Cats"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2005.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Falling+Cats&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verrueckte-experimente.de%2Fleseproben_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Nguyen_1998-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_1998_147-0">Jump up ^</a> Nguyen, Huy D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/">"How Does a Cat Always Land on Its Feet?"</a>. Dynamics II (ME 3760) Course Materials. Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medical Engineering. Retrieved 15 May 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=How+Does+a+Cat+Always+Land+on+Its+Feet%3F&rft.aufirst=Huy+D.&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Huy+D.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelix.gatech.edu%2FClasses%2FME3760%2F1998Q3%2FProjects%2FNguyen%2F&rft.jtitle=Dynamics+II+%28ME+3760%29+Course+Materials&rft.pub=Georgia+Institute+of+Technology%2C+School+of+Medical+Engineering&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources but does not name them.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Leyhausen_1978-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Leyhausen_1978_148-0">Jump up ^</a> Leyhausen, Paul (1978). Cat Behavior: The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats. New York: Garland STPM Pr. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-7017-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-7017-5">978-0-8240-7017-5</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Leyhausen&rft.au=Leyhausen%2C+Paul&rft.btitle=Cat+Behavior%3A+The+Predatory+and+Social+Behavior+of+Domestic+and+Wild+Cats&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-7017-5&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Garland+STPM+Pr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Morris_Catwatching_1-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_Catwatching_1_149-0">Jump up ^</a> Desmond, Morris (1986). Catwatching: Why Cats Purr and Everything Else You Ever Wanted to Know. Crown Publishing.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Desmond%2C+Morris&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.btitle=Catwatching%3A+Why+Cats+Purr+and+Everything+Else+You+Ever+Wanted+to+Know&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/34471-cats-dead-animals.html">Why Do Cats Bring Home Dead Animals?</a></li>

+<li id="cite_note-Kienzle_1994-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Kienzle_1994_151-0">Jump up ^</a> Kienzle, E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jn.nutrition.org/content/124/12_Suppl/2563S.full.pdf">"Blood Sugar Levels and Renal Sugar Excretion after the Intake of High Carbohydrate Diets in Cats"</a>. Journal of Nutrition 124 (12 Supplement): 2563S–2567S. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7996238">7996238</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Blood+Sugar+Levels+and+Renal+Sugar+Excretion+after+the+Intake+of+High+Carbohydrate+Diets+in+Cats&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Kienzle%2C+E.&rft.aulast=Kienzle&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcontent%2F124%2F12_Suppl%2F2563S.full.pdf&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7996238&rft.issue=12+Supplement&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.pages=2563S-2567S&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=124" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Bradshaw_1997-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_1997_152-0">Jump up ^</a> Bradshaw, John W. S. (April 1997). "Factors affecting pica in the domestic cat". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 52 (3–4): 373–379. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2896%2901136-7">10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01136-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+pica+in+the+domestic+cat&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+John+W.+S.&rft.aufirst=John+W.+S.&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.date=April+1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2896%2901136-7&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=373-379&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=52" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-UCSVM_Pica-153"><a href="#cite_ref-UCSVM_Pica_153-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vmth.ucdavis.edu/home/beh/feline_behavior/pica.html">"Pica: The Un-finicky Feline – Chewing or Eating Cords, Fabric, Houseplants, Etc."</a>. University of California School of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 6 September 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Pica%3A+The+Un-finicky+Feline%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Chewing+or+Eating+Cords%2C+Fabric%2C+Houseplants%2C+Etc.&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vmth.ucdavis.edu%2Fhome%2Fbeh%2Ffeline_behavior%2Fpica.html&rft.pub=University+of+California+School+of+Veterinary+Medicine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources but does not name them.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Wade_2010-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Wade_2010_154-0">Jump up ^</a> Wade, Nicholas (11 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/science/12cats.html">"For Cats, a Big Gulp With a Touch of the Tongue"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 12 November 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=For+Cats%2C+a+Big+Gulp+With+a+Touch+of+the+Tongue&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.au=Wade%2C+Nicholas&rft.date=11+November+2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F12%2Fscience%2F12cats.html&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Poirier_1982-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Poirier_1982_155-0">Jump up ^</a> Poirier, F. E.; Hussey, L. K. (1 July 1982). "Nonhuman Primate Learning: The Importance of Learning from an Evolutionary Perspective". Anthropology and Education Quarterly 13 (2): 133–148. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j">10.1525/aeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3216627">3216627</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Nonhuman+Primate+Learning%3A+The+Importance+of+Learning+from+an+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft.au=Hussey%2C+L.+K.&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.au=Poirier%2C+F.+E.&rft.date=1+July+1982&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j&rft.issue=2&rft.jstor=3216627&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+and+Education+Quarterly&rft.pages=133-148&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=13" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Byers_1998-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Byers_1998_156-0">Jump up ^</a> Byers, John A.; Bekoff, Marc (1998). Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives. Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-58656-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-58656-9">0-521-58656-9</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Bekoff%2C+Marc&rft.au=Byers%2C+John+A.&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.btitle=Animal+Play%3A+Evolutionary%2C+Comparative%2C+and+Ecological+Perspectives&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-58656-9&rft.pages=135&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Hall_2002-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_2002_157-0">Jump up ^</a> Hall, Sarah L. (2002). "Object Play in Adult Domestic Cats: The Roles of Habituation and Disinhibition". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 79 (3): 263–271. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2802%2900153-3">10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00153-3</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Object+Play+in+Adult+Domestic+Cats%3A+The+Roles+of+Habituation+and+Disinhibition&rft.aufirst=Sarah+L.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Sarah+L.&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2802%2900153-3&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=263-271&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=79" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Hall_1998-158"><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_1998_158-0">Jump up ^</a> Hall, Sarah L. (June 1998). "The Influence of Hunger on Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58 (1–2): 143–150. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900136-6">10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00136-6</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Hunger+on+Object+Play+by+Adult+Domestic+Cats&rft.aufirst=Sarah+L.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Sarah+L.&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.date=June+1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900136-6&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.pages=143-150&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=58" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-MacPhail_2002-159"><a href="#cite_ref-MacPhail_2002_159-0">Jump up ^</a> MacPhail, Catriona (November 2002). "Gastrointestinal obstruction". Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 17 (4): 178–183. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1053%2Fsvms.2002.36606">10.1053/svms.2002.36606</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12587284">12587284</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Gastrointestinal+obstruction&rft.aufirst=Catriona&rft.aulast=MacPhail&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+Catriona&rft.date=November+2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fsvms.2002.36606&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12587284&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Techniques+in+Small+Animal+Practice&rft.pages=178-183&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=17" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Pocono_2006-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Pocono_2006_160-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061210/NEWS01/612100320/-1/NEWS">"Fat Indoor Cats Need Exercise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pocono_Record" title="Pocono Record">Pocono Record</a>. 10 December 2006.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Fat+Indoor+Cats+Need+Exercise&rft.date=10+December+2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poconorecord.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20061210%2FNEWS01%2F612100320%2F-1%2FNEWS&rft.jtitle=Pocono+Record&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  This is a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary source</a> that clearly includes information from other sources but does not name them.</li>

+<li id="cite_note-BBC_1997-161"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_1997_161-0">Jump up ^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/34229.stm">Eye Expert Challenges Laser Pen 'Danger'</a>" BBC News, 24 November 1997</li>

+<li id="cite_note-compendium-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_162-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_162-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_162-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_162-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_162-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf">"Prolific Cats: The Estrous Cycle"</a>. Veterinary Learning Systems. Retrieved 19 June 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Prolific+Cats%3A+The+Estrous+Cycle&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvlsstore.com%2FMedia%2FPublicationsArticle%2FPV_23_12_1049.pdf&rft.pub=Veterinary+Learning+Systems&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-Aronson_1967-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Aronson_1967_163-0">Jump up ^</a> Aronson, L. R.; Cooper, M. L. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catcollection.org/files/PenileSpines.pdf">"Penile Spines of the Domestic Cat: Their Endocrine-behavior Relations"</a>. Anat. Rec. 157 (1): 71–78. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Far.1091570111">10.1002/ar.1091570111</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6030760">6030760</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Penile+Spines+of+the+Domestic+Cat%3A+Their+Endocrine-behavior+Relations&rft.au=Aronson%2C+L.+R.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+M.+L.&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catcollection.org%2Ffiles%2FPenileSpines.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Far.1091570111&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6030760&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Anat.+Rec.&rft.pages=71-78&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=157" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Wildt_1980-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Wildt_1980_164-0">Jump up ^</a> Wildt, D. E.; Seager, S. W.; Chakraborty, P. K. (1980). "Effect of Copulatory Stimuli on Incidence of Ovulation and on Serum Luteinizing Hormone in the Cat". Endocrinology 107 (4): 1212–7. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1210%2Fendo-107-4-1212">10.1210/endo-107-4-1212</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7190893">7190893</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Copulatory+Stimuli+on+Incidence+of+Ovulation+and+on+Serum+Luteinizing+Hormone+in+the+Cat&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+P.+K.&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft.aulast=Wildt&rft.au=Seager%2C+S.+W.&rft.au=Wildt%2C+D.+E.&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fendo-107-4-1212&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7190893&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Endocrinology&rft.pages=1212-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=107" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">Jump up ^</a> William F Swanson, Terri L Roth, David E. Wilt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biolreprod.org/content/51/3/452.full.pdf">"In Vivo Embryogenesis, Embryo Migration and Embryonic Mortality in the Domestic Cat"</a>. Biology of Reproduction.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=In+Vivo+Embryogenesis%2C+Embryo+Migration+and+Embryonic+Mortality+in+the+Domestic+Cat&rft.aulast=William+F+Swanson%2C+Terri+L+Roth%2C+David+E.+Wilt&rft.au=William+F+Swanson%2C+Terri+L+Roth%2C+David+E.+Wilt&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolreprod.org%2Fcontent%2F51%2F3%2F452.full.pdf&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+Reproduction&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Cat_Development#cite_note-4">"Cat Development – Embryology"</a>. Php.med.unsw.edu.au. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Cat+Development%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Embryology&rft.date=6+June+2013&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphp.med.unsw.edu.au%2Fembryology%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCat_Development%23cite_note-4&rft.pub=Php.med.unsw.edu.au&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Tsutsui_1993-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Tsutsui_1993_167-0">Jump up ^</a> Tsutsui, T.; Stabenfeldt, G. H. (1993). "Biology of Ovarian Cycles, Pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the Domestic Cat". J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 47: 29–35. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8229938">8229938</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Biology+of+Ovarian+Cycles%2C+Pregnancy+and+pseudopregnancy+in+the+Domestic+Cat&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.aulast=Tsutsui&rft.au=Stabenfeldt%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=Tsutsui%2C+T.&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8229938&rft.jtitle=J.+Reprod.+Fertil.+Suppl.&rft.pages=29-35&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=47" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">Jump up ^</a> Behrend, Katrin; Wegler, Monika (1991). The Complete Book of Cat Care: How to Raise a Happy and Healthy Cat. translated from German by Elizabeth D. Crawford. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, Inc. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8120-4613-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8120-4613-7">0-8120-4613-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Behrend%2C+Katrin&rft.aufirst=Katrin&rft.aulast=Behrend&rft.au=Wegler%2C+Monika&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Cat+Care%3A+How+to+Raise+a+Happy+and+Healthy+Cat&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8120-4613-7&rft.pages=28&rft.place=Hauppauge%2C+NY&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Olson_2001-169"><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_2001_169-0">Jump up ^</a> Olson, P. N.; Kustritz, M. V.; Johnston, S. D. (2001). "Early-age Neutering of Dogs and Cats in the United States (A Review)". J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 57: 223–232. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11787153">11787153</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Early-age+Neutering+of+Dogs+and+Cats+in+the+United+States+%28A+Review%29&rft.aufirst=P.+N.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+S.+D.&rft.au=Kustritz%2C+M.+V.&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.au=Olson%2C+P.+N.&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11787153&rft.jtitle=J.+Reprod.+Fertil.+Suppl.&rft.pages=223-232&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=57" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Root_Kustritz_2007-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Root_Kustritz_2007_170-0">Jump up ^</a> Root Kustritz, Margaret V. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imom.org/spay-neuter/pdf/kustritz.pdf">"Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats"</a>. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine 231 (11): 1665–1675. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665">10.2460/javma.231.11.1665</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18052800">18052800</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Determining+the+optimal+age+for+gonadectomy+of+dogs+and+cats&rft.aufirst=Margaret+V.&rft.aulast=Root+Kustritz&rft.au=Root+Kustritz%2C+Margaret+V.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imom.org%2Fspay-neuter%2Fpdf%2Fkustritz.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18052800&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Veterinary+Medicine&rft.pages=1665-1675&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=231" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Chu_2009-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Chu_2009_171-0">Jump up ^</a> Chu, Karyen; Anderson, W. M.; Rieser, M. Y. (2009). "Population characteristics and neuter status of cats living in households in the United States". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 234 (8): 1023–1030. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.234.8.1023">10.2460/javma.234.8.1023</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19366332">19366332</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Population+characteristics+and+neuter+status+of+cats+living+in+households+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Anderson%2C+W.+M.&rft.au=Chu%2C+Karyen&rft.aufirst=Karyen&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.au=Rieser%2C+M.+Y.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.234.8.1023&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19366332&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.pages=1023-1030&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=234" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-CPEM-172"><a href="#cite_ref-CPEM_172-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/catspurr.html">"Why and How Do Cats Purr?"</a>. Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 April 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Why+and+How+Do+Cats+Purr%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fscitech%2Fmysteries%2Fcatspurr.html&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panthera.org/">"Panthera"</a>. Retrieved 23 November 2013.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Panthera&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panthera.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">Jump up ^</a> Randerson, James (6 January 2006). "From Lion to Moggie: How Cats Climbed their Family Tree". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (London).<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=From+Lion+to+Moggie%3A+How+Cats+Climbed+their+Family+Tree&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Randerson&rft.au=Randerson%2C+James&rft.date=6+January+2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Say_2002-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Say_2002_175-0">Jump up ^</a> Say, Ludovic (2002). "Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment". Polar Biology 25 (2): 90–95. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003000100316">10.1007/s003000100316</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+variation+in+cat+population+density+in+a+sub-Antarctic+environment&rft.aufirst=Ludovic&rft.aulast=Say&rft.au=Say%2C+Ludovic&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs003000100316&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&rft.pages=90-95&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=25" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">Jump up ^</a> Frenot, Y.; Chown, Steven L.; Whinam, Jennie; Selkirk, Patricia M.; Convey, Peter; Skotnicki, Mary; Bergstrom, Dana M. (2005). "Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications". Biological Reviews 80 (1): 45–72. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1464793104006542">10.1017/S1464793104006542</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Biological+Invasions+in+the+Antarctic%3A+Extent%2C+Impacts+and+Implications&rft.au=Bergstrom%2C+Dana+M.&rft.au=Chown%2C+Steven+L.&rft.au=Convey%2C+Peter&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft.au=Frenot%2C+Y.&rft.aulast=Frenot&rft.au=Selkirk%2C+Patricia+M.&rft.au=Skotnicki%2C+Mary&rft.au=Whinam%2C+Jennie&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1464793104006542&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.pages=45-72&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=80" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ISSG_2006-177"><a href="#cite_ref-ISSG_2006_177-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN">"Ecology of Felis catus"</a>. Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2006. Retrieved 31 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Felis+catus&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fdatabase%2Fspecies%2Fecology.asp%3Fsi%3D24%26fr%3D1%26sts%3Dsss%26lang%3DEN&rft.jtitle=Global+Invasive+Species+Database&rft.pub=Invasive+Species+Specialist+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Nogales-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nogales_178-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nogales_178-1">b</a> Nogales, M.; Martin, A.; Tershy, B. R.; Donlan, C. J.; Veitch, D.; Uerta, N.; Wood, B.; Alonso, J. (2004). "A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands". Conservation Biology 18 (2): 310. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2004.00442.x">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Feral+Cat+Eradication+on+Islands&rft.au=Alonso%2C+J.&rft.au=Donlan%2C+C.+J.&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Nogales&rft.au=Martin%2C+A.&rft.au=Nogales%2C+M.&rft.au=Tershy%2C+B.+R.&rft.au=Uerta%2C+N.&rft.au=Veitch%2C+D.&rft.au=Wood%2C+B.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2004.00442.x&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.pages=310&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=18" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-ISSG_2000-179"><a href="#cite_ref-ISSG_2000_179-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223530/http://www.issg.org/booklet.pdf">"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: A Selection from the Global Invasive Species Database"</a>. The Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/booklet.pdf">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=100+of+the+World%27s+Worst+Invasive+Alien+Species%3A+A+Selection+from+the+Global+Invasive+Species+Database&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fbooklet.pdf&rft.pub=The+Invasive+Species+Specialist+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-hsus-feral-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hsus-feral_180-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsus-feral_180-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501093143/http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat">"What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat?"</a>. Humane Society of the United States. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat">the original</a> on 1 May 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=What+is+the+difference+between+a+stray+cat+and+a+feral+cat%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fpets%2Fissues_affecting_our_pets%2Fferal_cats%2Fferal_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html%231_What_is_a_feral_cat&rft.pub=Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romancats.com/index_eng.php">"Torre Argentina cat shelter."</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Torre+Argentina+cat+shelter.&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romancats.com%2Findex_eng.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">Jump up ^</a> Rowan, Andrew N.; Deborah J. Salem (November 2003). "4". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110230426/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/hsp/SOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf">The State of the Animals II: 2003</a>. Humane Society Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9658942-7-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9658942-7-4">0-9658942-7-4</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/hsp/SOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf">the original</a> on 10 November 2006.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=4&rft.au=Deborah+J.+Salem&rft.aufirst=Andrew+N.&rft.aulast=Rowan&rft.au=Rowan%2C+Andrew+N.&rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+Animals+II%3A+2003&rft.date=November+2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fweb-files%2FPDF%2Fhsp%2FSOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf&rft.isbn=0-9658942-7-4&rft.pub=Humane+Society+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Robertson_1998-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_1998_183-0">Jump up ^</a> Robertson, I. D. (1998). "Survey of Predation by Domestic Cats". Aust. Vet. J. 76 (8): 551–554. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1751-0813.1998.tb10214.x">10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10214.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9741724">9741724</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Survey+of+Predation+by+Domestic+Cats&rft.aufirst=I.+D.&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.au=Robertson%2C+I.+D.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1751-0813.1998.tb10214.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9741724&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Aust.+Vet.+J.&rft.pages=551-554&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=76" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Beckerman_2007-184"><a href="#cite_ref-Beckerman_2007_184-0">Jump up ^</a> Beckerman, A. P.; Boots, M.; Gaston, K. J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img2.tapuz.co.il/forums/1_102419784.pdf">"Urban Bird Declines and the Fear of Cats"</a>. Animal Conservation 10 (3): 320–325. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-1795.2007.00115.x">10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00115.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Urban+Bird+Declines+and+the+Fear+of+Cats&rft.au=Beckerman%2C+A.+P.&rft.au=Boots%2C+M.&rft.aufirst=A.+P.&rft.au=Gaston%2C+K.+J.&rft.aulast=Beckerman&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimg2.tapuz.co.il%2Fforums%2F1_102419784.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-1795.2007.00115.x&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Animal+Conservation&rft.pages=320-325&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=10" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-pmid14558589-185"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid14558589_185-0">Jump up ^</a> Courchamp, F.; Chapuis, J. L.; Pascal, M. (2003). "Mammal Invaders on Islands: Impact, Control and Control Impact". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 78 (3): 347–383. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1464793102006061">10.1017/S1464793102006061</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558589">14558589</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Mammal+Invaders+on+Islands%3A+Impact%2C+Control+and+Control+Impact&rft.au=Chapuis%2C+J.+L.&rft.au=Courchamp%2C+F.&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.aulast=Courchamp&rft.au=Pascal%2C+M.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1464793102006061&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14558589&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biol+Rev+Camb+Philos+Soc&rft.pages=347-383&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=78" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-pmid18083843-186"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18083843_186-0">Jump up ^</a> Rayner, M. J.; Hauber, M. E.; Imber, M. J.; Stamp, R. K.; Clout, M. N. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2409232">"Spatial Heterogeneity of Mesopredator Release within an Oceanic Island System"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (52): 20862–20865. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..10420862R">2007PNAS..10420862R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0707414105">10.1073/pnas.0707414105</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2409232">2409232</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083843">18083843</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Spatial+Heterogeneity+of+Mesopredator+Release+within+an+Oceanic+Island+System&rft.au=Clout%2C+M.+N.&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=Hauber%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Imber%2C+M.+J.&rft.aulast=Rayner&rft.au=Rayner%2C+M.+J.&rft.au=Stamp%2C+R.+K.&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2409232&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..10420862R&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0707414105&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2409232&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18083843&rft.issue=52&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=20862-20865&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=104" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-AusGovReport-187"><a href="#cite_ref-AusGovReport_187-0">Jump up ^</a> Chris R. Dickman (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913172757/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/cat-impacts/pubs/impacts-feral-cats.pdf">"Overview of the Impacts of Feral Cats on Australian Native Fauna"</a>. Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/cat-impacts/pubs/impacts-feral-cats.pdf">the original</a> on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Chris+R.+Dickman&rft.aulast=Chris+R.+Dickman&rft.btitle=Overview+of+the+Impacts+of+Feral+Cats+on+Australian+Native+Fauna&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fbiodiversity%2Finvasive%2Fpublications%2Fcat-impacts%2Fpubs%2Fimpacts-feral-cats.pdf&rft.pub=Australian+Department+of+the+Environment%2C+Water%2C+Heritage+and+the+Arts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-pmid12085522-188"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12085522_188-0">Jump up ^</a> James H, Acharya AB, Taylor JA, Freak MJ (2002). "A case of bitten Bettongs". J Forensic Odontostomatol 20 (1): 10–2. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12085522">12085522</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=A+case+of+bitten+Bettongs&rft.au=James+H%2C+Acharya+AB%2C+Taylor+JA%2C+Freak+MJ&rft.aulast=James+H%2C+Acharya+AB%2C+Taylor+JA%2C+Freak+MJ&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12085522&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=J+Forensic+Odontostomatol&rft.pages=10-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=20" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-pmid16094805-189"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16094805_189-0">Jump up ^</a> Glen AS, Dickman CR (2005). "Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 80 (3): 387–401. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1464793105006718">10.1017/S1464793105006718</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16094805">16094805</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Complex+interactions+among+mammalian+carnivores+in+Australia%2C+and+their+implications+for+wildlife+management&rft.au=Glen+AS%2C+Dickman+CR&rft.aulast=Glen+AS%2C+Dickman+CR&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1464793105006718&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16094805&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biol+Rev+Camb+Philos+Soc&rft.pages=387-401&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=80" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-May.2C_R..2C_1988-190"><a href="#cite_ref-May.2C_R..2C_1988_190-0">Jump up ^</a> May, R. (1988). "Control of Feline Delinquency". Nature 332 (6163): 392–393. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.332..392M">1988Natur.332..392M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F332392a0">10.1038/332392a0</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Control+of+Feline+Delinquency&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=May&rft.au=May%2C+R.&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.332..392M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F332392a0&rft.issue=6163&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=392-393&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=332" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Liberg_1982-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Liberg_1982_191-0">Jump up ^</a> Liberg, O. (1982). "Food Habits and Prey Impact by Feral and House-based Domestic Cats in a Rural Area in Southern Sweden". Journal of Mammalogy 65 (3): 424–432. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1381089">10.2307/1381089</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1381089">1381089</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Food+Habits+and+Prey+Impact+by+Feral+and+House-based+Domestic+Cats+in+a+Rural+Area+in+Southern+Sweden&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.aulast=Liberg&rft.au=Liberg%2C+O.&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1381089&rft.issue=3&rft.jstor=1381089&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.pages=424-432&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=65" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Chucher_1987-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Chucher_1987_192-0">Jump up ^</a> Chucher, P. B.; Lawton, J. H. (1987). "Predation by Domestic Cats in an English village". Journal of Zoology, London 212 (3): 439–455. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x">10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Predation+by+Domestic+Cats+in+an+English+village&rft.au=Chucher%2C+P.+B.&rft.aufirst=P.+B.&rft.aulast=Chucher&rft.au=Lawton%2C+J.+H.&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology%2C+London&rft.pages=439-455&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=212" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Mead_1982_183.E2.80.93186-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mead_1982_183.E2.80.93186_193-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mead_1982_183.E2.80.93186_193-1">b</a> Mead, C. J. (1982). "Ringed birds killed by cats". Mammal Review 12 (4): 183–186. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x">10.1111/j.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Ringed+birds+killed+by+cats&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.au=Mead%2C+C.+J.&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Mammal+Review&rft.pages=183-186&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=12" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Crooks_1999-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Crooks_1999_194-0">Jump up ^</a> Crooks, Kevin R.; Soul, Michael E. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www38.homepage.villanova.edu/jameson.chace/Urban%20Ecology/Crooks&Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf">"Mesopredator Release and Avifaunal Extinctions in a Fragmented System"</a>. Nature 400 (6744): 563–566. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.400..563C">1999Natur.400..563C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F23028">10.1038/23028</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Mesopredator+Release+and+Avifaunal+Extinctions+in+a+Fragmented+System&rft.au=Crooks%2C+Kevin+R.&rft.aufirst=Kevin+R.&rft.aulast=Crooks&rft.au=Soul%2C+Michael+E.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww38.homepage.villanova.edu%2Fjameson.chace%2FUrban%2520Ecology%2FCrooks%26Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Natur.400..563C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F23028&rft.issue=6744&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=563-566&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=400" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/30/cat_videos_cat_killing_spree/">"You thought watching cat videos was harmless fun? Think AGAIN."</a>. Retrieved 9 September 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=You+thought+watching+cat+videos+was+harmless+fun%3F+Think+AGAIN.&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2013%2F01%2F30%2Fcat_videos_cat_killing_spree%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald_196-0">Jump up ^</a> Fiztgerald, M. B.; Turner, Dennis C. Turner & Bateson, op. cit., ed. Hunting Behaviour of Domestic Cats and Their Impact on Prey Populations (in The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour). pp. 151–175.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=M.+B.&rft.au=Fiztgerald%2C+M.+B.&rft.aulast=Fiztgerald&rft.au=Turner%2C+Dennis+C.&rft.btitle=Hunting+Behaviour+of+Domestic+Cats+and+Their+Impact+on+Prey+Populations&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=151-175&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language">link</a>)</li>

+<li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">Jump up ^</a> Courchamp, F.; Langlais, M.; Sugihara, G. (1999). "Cats protecting birds: modelling the mesopredator release effect". Journal of Animal Ecology 68 (2): 282–292. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x">10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00285.x</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cats+protecting+birds%3A+modelling+the+mesopredator+release+effect&rft.au=Courchamp%2C+F.&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Langlais%2C+M.&rft.aulast=Courchamp&rft.au=Sugihara%2C+G.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&rft.pages=282-292&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=68" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">Jump up ^</a> Stattersfield, A. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Long, A. J.; Wege, D. C. (1998). Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. "BirdLife Conservation Series" No. 7. Cambridge, England: Burlington Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946888-33-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-946888-33-7">0-946888-33-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Crosby%2C+M.+J.&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.aulast=Stattersfield&rft.au=Long%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Stattersfield%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Wege%2C+D.+C.&rft.btitle=Endemic+Bird+Areas+of+the+World%3A+Priorities+for+Biodiversity+Conservation&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-946888-33-7&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Burlington+Press&rft.series=%22BirdLife+Conservation+Series%22+No.+7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">Jump up ^</a> Williams, A. J. (1984). Status and Conservation of Seabirds at some Islands in the African Sector of the Southern Ocean. In: Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds, ed Croxall, J. P., Evans, P. G. H. & Schreiber, R. W. International Council for Bird Preservation. Cambridge. pp. 627–635.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.au=Williams%2C+A.+J.&rft.btitle=Status+and+Conservation+of+Seabirds+at+some+Islands+in+the+African+Sector+of+the+Southern+Ocean.+In%3A+Status+and+Conservation+of+the+World%27s+Seabirds%2C+ed+Croxall%2C+J.+P.%2C+Evans%2C+P.+G.+H.+%26+Schreiber%2C+R.+W.+International+Council+for+Bird+Preservation.&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=627-635&rft.place=Cambridge.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">Jump up ^</a> Falla, R. A. (1955). New Zealand Bird Life Past and Present. Stiles.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Falla%2C+R.+A.&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft.aulast=Falla&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Bird+Life+Past+and+Present&rft.date=1955&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Stiles&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">Jump up ^</a> Galbreath, R.; Brown, D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_51-2004/Notornis_51_4_193.pdf">"The Tale of the Lighthouse-keeper's Cat: Discovery and Extinction of the Stephens Island Wren (Traversia lyalli)"</a>. Notornis 51: 193–200. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_51-2004/Notornis_51_4_193.pdf">the original</a> on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+the+Lighthouse-keeper%27s+Cat%3A+Discovery+and+Extinction+of+the+Stephens+Island+Wren+%28Traversia+lyalli%29&rft.au=Brown%2C+D.&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Galbreath%2C+R.&rft.aulast=Galbreath&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notornis.org.nz%2Ffree_issues%2FNotornis_51-2004%2FNotornis_51_4_193.pdf&rft.jtitle=Notornis&rft.pages=193-200&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=51" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-dowd-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dowd_202-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dowd_202-1">b</a> Dowding, J. E.; Murphy, E. C. (2001). "The Impact of Predation be Introduced Mammals on Endemic Shorebirds in New Zealand: A Conservation Perspective". Biological Conservation 99: 47–64. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2800%2900187-7">10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00187-7</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Predation+be+Introduced+Mammals+on+Endemic+Shorebirds+in+New+Zealand%3A+A+Conservation+Perspective&rft.au=Dowding%2C+J.+E.&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft.aulast=Dowding&rft.au=Murphy%2C+E.+C.&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2800%2900187-7&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.pages=47-64&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=99" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">Jump up ^</a> Whiting, M. F.; Bradler,, S.; Maxwell,, T. (2003). "Loss and Recovery of Wings in Stick Insects". Nature 421 (6920): 264–267. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.421..264W">2003Natur.421..264W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01313">10.1038/nature01313</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12529642">12529642</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Loss+and+Recovery+of+Wings+in+Stick+Insects&rft.au=Bradler%2C%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=M.+F.&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.au=Maxwell%2C%2C+T.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+M.+F.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Natur.421..264W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature01313&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12529642&rft.issue=6920&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=264-267&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=421" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">Jump up ^</a> World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1992). Brian Groombridge, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globalbiodiversi92wcmc">Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapman_%26_Hall" title="Chapman & Hall">Chapman & Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_412_47240_6" title="Special:BookSources/0 412 47240 6">0 412 47240 6</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aulast=World+Conservation+Monitoring+Centre&rft.au=World+Conservation+Monitoring+Centre&rft.btitle=Global+Biodiversity%3A+Status+of+the+Earth%27s+Living+Resources&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglobalbiodiversi92wcmc&rft.isbn=0412472406&rft.pub=Chapman+%26+Hall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">Jump up ^</a> Steadman, D. W.; Martin, P. S. (2003). "The Late Quaternary Extinction and Future Resurrection of Birds on Pacific Islands". Earth Science Reviews 61: 133–147. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ESRv...61..133S">2003ESRv...61..133S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-8252%2802%2900116-2">10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00116-2</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Late+Quaternary+Extinction+and+Future+Resurrection+of+Birds+on+Pacific+Islands&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.aulast=Steadman&rft.au=Martin%2C+P.+S.&rft.au=Steadman%2C+D.+W.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ESRv...61..133S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0012-8252%2802%2900116-2&rft.jtitle=Earth+Science+Reviews&rft.pages=133-147&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=61" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Ellin-206"><a href="#cite_ref-Ellin_206-0">Jump up ^</a> Abby Ellin (5 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/fashion/05cats.html">"More Men Are Unabashedly Embracing Their Love of Cats"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 30 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=More+Men+Are+Unabashedly+Embracing+Their+Love+of+Cats&rft.au=Abby+Ellin&rft.aulast=Abby+Ellin&rft.date=5+October+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F05%2Ffashion%2F05cats.html&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Gallup-207"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup_207-0">Jump up ^</a> Jones, Jeffrey M. (30 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/102952/companionship-love-animals-drive-pet-ownership.aspx">"Companionship and Love of Animals Drive Pet Ownership"</a>. Gallup, Inc. Retrieved 30 August 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+M.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeffrey+M.&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=Companionship+and+Love+of+Animals+Drive+Pet+Ownership&rft.date=30+November+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F102952%2Fcompanionship-love-animals-drive-pet-ownership.aspx&rft.pub=Gallup%2C+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201153853/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/What-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf">"What Is That They're Wearing?"</a>. Humane Society of the United States. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/What-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf">the original</a> on 1 December 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=What+Is+That+They%27re+Wearing%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fweb-files%2FPDF%2FWhat-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf&rft.pub=Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6165786.stm">"EU proposes cat and dog fur ban"</a>. BBC News. 20 November 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=EU+proposes+cat+and+dog+fur+ban&rft.date=20+November+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6165786.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">Jump up ^</a> Ikuma, Carly (27 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217153420/http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/">"EU Announces Strict Ban on Dog and Cat Fur Imports and Exports"</a>. HSUS.org. Humane Society International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/">the original</a> on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2011.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=EU+Announces+Strict+Ban+on+Dog+and+Cat+Fur+Imports+and+Exports&rft.aufirst=Carly&rft.au=Ikuma%2C+Carly&rft.aulast=Ikuma&rft.date=27+June+2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fabout_us%2Fhumane_society_international_hsi%2Fhsi_europe%2Fdog_cat_fur%2F&rft.jtitle=HSUS.org&rft.pub=Humane+Society+International&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">Jump up ^</a> Paterson, Tony (25 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/switzerland-finds-a-way-to-skin-a-cat-for-the-fur-trade-and-high-fashion-815426.html">"Switzerland Finds a Way to Skin a Cat for the Fur Trade and High Fashion"</a>. The Independent (London, England). Retrieved 23 October 2009.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Switzerland+Finds+a+Way+to+Skin+a+Cat+for+the+Fur+Trade+and+High+Fashion&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Tony&rft.date=25+April+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fswitzerland-finds-a-way-to-skin-a-cat-for-the-fur-trade-and-high-fashion-815426.html&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Canadian-212"><a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_212-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2012/07/17/nb-cat-census-1000.html">"Humane society launches national cat census"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 18 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Humane+society+launches+national+cat+census&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnew-brunswick%2Fstory%2F2012%2F07%2F17%2Fnb-cat-census-1000.html&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-catsbe-213"><a href="#cite_ref-catsbe_213-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catsbe.com">"Cats Be"</a>. Retrieved 18 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Cats+Be&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catsbe.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-214"><a href="#cite_ref-SupremeCatCensus_214-0">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecatcensus.co.za/">"The Supreme Cat Census"</a>. Retrieved 18 September 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Cat+Census&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecatcensus.co.za%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html">"About Pets"</a>. IFAH Europe. Retrieved 3 October 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=About+Pets&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifaheurope.org%2Fcompanion-animals%2Fabout-pets.html&rft.pub=IFAH+Europe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">Jump up ^</a> Legay JM (1986). "Sur une tentative d'estimation du nombre total de chats domestiques dans le monde" [Tentative estimation of the total number of domestic cats in the world]. Comptes Rendus De l'Académie Des Sciences. Série III, Sciences De La Vie (in French) 303 (17): 709–12. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3101986">3101986</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_l%27information_scientifique_et_technique" title="Institut de l'information scientifique et technique">INIST</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=7950138">7950138</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Sur+une+tentative+d%27estimation+du+nombre+total+de+chats+domestiques+dans+le+monde&rft.aulast=Legay+JM&rft.au=Legay+JM&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3101986&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Comptes+Rendus+De+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+Des+Sciences.+S%C3%A9rie+III%2C+Sciences+De+La+Vie&rft.pages=709-12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=303" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/society/family/09-01-2006/9478-cats-0/">"Cats: most interesting facts about common domestic pets"</a>. Pravda.ru. Retrieved 3 October 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Cats%3A+most+interesting+facts+about+common+domestic+pets&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fsociety%2Ffamily%2F09-01-2006%2F9478-cats-0%2F&rft.pub=Pravda.ru&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?_r=1&">"Study Traces Cat’s Ancestry to Middle East"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 3 October 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.btitle=Study+Traces+Cat%E2%80%99s+Ancestry+to+Middle+East&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2F29cat.html%3F_r%3D1%26&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">Jump up ^</a> Stanley D. Gehrt; Seth P. D. Riley; Brian L. Cypher (12 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&lpg=PA157&dq=million%20cats%20worldwide&pg=PA157#v=onepage&q=million%20cats%20worldwide&f=false">Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation</a>. JHU Press. Retrieved 3 October 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Brian+L.+Cypher&rft.aulast=Stanley+D.+Gehrt&rft.au=Seth+P.+D.+Riley&rft.au=Stanley+D.+Gehrt&rft.btitle=Urban+Carnivores%3A+Ecology%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Conservation&rft.date=12+March+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxYKqluO6c8UC%26lpg%3DPA157%26dq%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26pg%3DPA157%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26f%3Dfalse&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">Jump up ^</a> Irene Rochlitz (17 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0HmB3ix5IQ8C&lpg=PA47&dq=million%20cats%20worldwide&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q=million%20cats%20worldwide&f=false">The Welfare of Cats</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. Retrieved 3 October 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=Irene+Rochlitz&rft.aulast=Irene+Rochlitz&rft.btitle=The+Welfare+of+Cats&rft.date=17+April+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0HmB3ix5IQ8C%26lpg%3DPA47%26dq%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26pg%3DPA47%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26f%3Dfalse&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Muir_2004-221"><a href="#cite_ref-Muir_2004_221-0">Jump up ^</a> Muir, Hazel (8 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html">"Ancient Remains Could Be Oldest Pet Cat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>. Retrieved 23 November 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Ancient+Remains+Could+Be+Oldest+Pet+Cat&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.au=Muir%2C+Hazel&rft.date=8+April+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn4867.html&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Walton_2004-222"><a href="#cite_ref-Walton_2004_222-0">Jump up ^</a> Walton, Marsha (9 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html">"Ancient Burial Looks Like Human and Pet Cat"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 23 November 2007.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.au=Walton%2C+Marsha&rft.btitle=Ancient+Burial+Looks+Like+Human+and+Pet+Cat&rft.date=9+April+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2004%2FTECH%2Fscience%2F04%2F08%2Fcats.cyprus%2Findex.html&rft.pub=CNN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">Jump up ^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion.com/vivir/ciencia/Gatos-domesticados-China-hace-anos_0_1385061482.html">"Gatos fueron domesticados en China hace 5.300 años"</a>. La Nación. Retrieved 9 September 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Gatos+fueron+domesticados+en+China+hace+5.300+a%C3%B1os&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacion.com%2Fvivir%2Fciencia%2FGatos-domesticados-China-hace-anos_0_1385061482.html&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Mason-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_224-0">Jump up to: a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_224-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_224-2">c</a> Mason, I. L. (1984). Evolution of Domesticated Animals. Prentice Hall Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-46046-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-46046-8">0-582-46046-8</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=I.+L.&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.au=Mason%2C+I.+L.&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Domesticated+Animals&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-582-46046-8&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">Jump up ^</a> Veyne, Paul (2002) [1987]. "The Household and Its Freed Slaves". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=JmpOH8AVV4EC">The Roman Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldhammer" title="Arthur Goldhammer">Arthur Goldhammer</a> (Trans.) (3rd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard College. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-77771-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-77771-9">0-674-77771-9</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=The+Household+and+Its+Freed+Slaves&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Veyne&rft.au=Veyne%2C+Paul&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJmpOH8AVV4EC&rft.isbn=0-674-77771-9&rft.pages=81&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+College&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">Jump up ^</a> Geyer, Georgie Anne (2004). When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7407-4697-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7407-4697-9">0-7407-4697-9</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aufirst=Georgie+Anne&rft.au=Geyer%2C+Georgie+Anne&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.btitle=When+Cats+Reigned+Like+Kings%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Sacred+Cats&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7407-4697-9&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-Reeves-227"><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves_227-0">Jump up ^</a> Minou Reeves (2000). Muhammad in Europe. New York University (NYU) Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-7533-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-7533-0">0-8147-7533-0</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aulast=Minou+Reeves&rft.au=Minou+Reeves&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8147-7533-0&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=New+York+University+%28NYU%29+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">Jump up ^</a> Al-Thahabi, Shamsuddin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=5401&idto=5401&bk_no=60&ID=5263">"Biography of al-Rifai"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سير أعلام النبلاء (page does not exist)">سير أعلام النبلاء</a>. Retrieved 11 November 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Biography+of+al-Rifai&rft.au=Al-Thahabi%2C+Shamsuddin&rft.aufirst=Shamsuddin&rft.aulast=Al-Thahabi&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.islamweb.net%2Fnewlibrary%2Fdisplay_book.php%3Fidfrom%3D5401%26idto%3D5401%26bk_no%3D60%26ID%3D5263&rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">Jump up ^</a> Nora Sugobono (7 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/vidas-gato/20100307/423959">"Las vidas del gato"</a> (in Spanish). El Comercio. Retrieved 19 March 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.aulast=Nora+Sugobono&rft.au=Nora+Sugobono&rft.btitle=Las+vidas+del+gato&rft.date=7+March+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Fimpresa%2Fnotas%2Fvidas-gato%2F20100307%2F423959&rft.pub=El+Comercio&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">Jump up ^</a> Tim Dowling (19 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/gallery/2010/mar/18/guide-to-pets-pet-myths?picture=360591960">"Tall tails: Pet myths busted"</a>. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 18 March 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Tall+tails%3A+Pet+myths+busted&rft.aulast=Tim+Dowling&rft.au=Tim+Dowling&rft.date=19+March+2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Flifeandstyle%2Fgallery%2F2010%2Fmar%2F18%2Fguide-to-pets-pet-myths%3Fpicture%3D360591960&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.place=UK&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li id="cite_note-myth-231"><a href="#cite_ref-myth_231-0">Jump up ^</a> Wachtmeister, Rosina (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html">"Cat Myths, Misinformation and Untruths"</a>. Best-Cat-Art.com. self-published. Retrieved 22 November 2008.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat+Myths%2C+Misinformation+and+Untruths&rft.aufirst=Rosina&rft.aulast=Wachtmeister&rft.au=Wachtmeister%2C+Rosina&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.best-cat-art.com%2Fcat-myths.html&rft.jtitle=Best-Cat-Art.com&rft.pub=self-published&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#SELF" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>]</li>

+<li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">Jump up ^</a> ASPCA (30 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cats.about.com/od/catsafety/a/highrisefalls.htm">"The ASPCA Warns About High-Rise Falls by Cats"</a>. New York: About.com. Retrieved 26 April 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.au=ASPCA&rft.aulast=ASPCA&rft.btitle=The+ASPCA+Warns+About+High-Rise+Falls+by+Cats&rft.date=30+June+2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcats.about.com%2Fod%2Fcatsafety%2Fa%2Fhighrisefalls.htm&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=About.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+</ol>

+</div>

+<h2>External links</h2>

+<div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="infobox sisterproject noprint">

+<div style="text-align: center;">Listen to this article (3 parts) · <a href="/wiki/File:En-Cat_(part_1).ogg" title="File:En-Cat (part 1).ogg">(info)</a></div>

+<div style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin-bottom:.4em;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 1).ogg">Part 1</a> • <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-Cat_%28part_2%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 2).ogg">Part 2</a> • <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-Cat_%28part_3%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 3).ogg">Part 3</a></div>

+<div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;">

+<div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" title="Spoken Wikipedia" width="45" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"></div>

+</div>

+<div style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;">This audio file was created from a revision of the "Cat" article dated 2007-05-13, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a>)</div>

+<div style="text-align: center; clear: both"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a></div>

+</div>

+<ul>

+<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/15px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="15" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/22px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089"> The dictionary definition of <a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:cat">kitty</a> at Wiktionary</li>

+<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" width="14" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"> Data related to <a href="//species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_sylvestris_catus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Felis sylvestris catus">Cat</a> at Wikispecies</li>

+<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> Media related to <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" class="extiw" title="commons:Felis silvestris catus">Cat</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

+<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> <a href="//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Animal_Care" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Animal Care">Animal Care</a> at Wikibooks</li>

+<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="13" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> Quotations related to <a href="//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Cat">Cat</a> at Wikiquote</li>

+<li><img alt="Wikisource-logo.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="13" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> "<a href="//en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Cat,_Domestic,_The" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cat, Domestic, The">Cat, Domestic, The</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a>. 1920.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat&rft.atitle=Cat%2C+Domestic%2C+The&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li>

+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=speciesdata&species=felis-catus">High-Resolution Images of the Cat Brain</a></li>

+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Felis_catus">Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography</a> for Felis catus</li>

+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catpert.com/">Catpert. The Cat Expert</a> – Cat articles</li>

+<li>View the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Felis_catus/Info/Index/">cat genome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></li>

+</ul>

+<table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<td style="padding:2px">

+<table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">[<a id="collapseButton0" href="#">show</a>]

+<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">

+<ul>

+<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat">v</a></li>

+<li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat">t</a></li>

+<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Domestic_cat&action=edit">e</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+<div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_cat" title="Domestic cat" class="mw-redirect">Domestic cats</a></div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li>

+</ul>

+<dl>

+<dt><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></dt>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Deaf_white_cat" title="Deaf white cat">Deaf white cat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></dd>

+</dl>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_anesthesia" title="Veterinary anesthesia">Anesthesia</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_years" title="Cat years">Cat years</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_panleukopenia" title="Feline panleukopenia">Panleukopenia</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">Neutering</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ringworm" title="Ringworm" class="mw-redirect">Ringworm</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spaying" title="Spaying" class="mw-redirect">Spaying</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language" class="mw-redirect">Body language</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Catfight_(animal_behavior)" title="Catfight (animal behavior)" class="mw-redirect">Catfight</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Nepeta" title="Nepeta">Catmint</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nepeta_cataria" title="Nepeta cataria">Catnip</a>)</li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior#Kneading" title="Cat behavior">Kneading</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Human–cat

+interaction</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">Animal-assisted therapy</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_cat" title="Domestic cat" class="mw-redirect">As pets</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_humans" title="Cats and humans" class="mw-redirect">Cats and humans</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed" class="mw-redirect">Breeds</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">Full list</a>)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<dl>

+<dt>Fully domestic</dt>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_(cat)" title="Abyssinian (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Abyssinian</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Balinese_(cat)" title="Balinese (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Balinese</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Bombay_(cat)" title="Bombay (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Bombay</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Burmese_(cat)" title="Burmese (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Burmese</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled_Cat" title="California Spangled Cat" class="mw-redirect">California Spangled</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Cymric_(cat)" title="Cymric (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Cymric</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Donskoy_(cat)" title="Donskoy (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Donskoy</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_(cat)" title="Himalayan (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Himalayan</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Manx_(cat)" title="Manx (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Manx</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_(cat)" title="Munchkin (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Munchkin</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_Cat" title="Norwegian Forest Cat" class="mw-redirect">Norwegian Forest</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Persian_(cat)" title="Persian (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Persian</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Raas_cat" title="Raas cat">Raas</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_(cat)" title="Ragamuffin (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Ragamuffin</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Siamese_(cat)" title="Siamese (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Siamese</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Siberian_(cat)" title="Siberian (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Siberian</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Singapura_(cat)" title="Singapura (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Singapura</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_(cat)" title="Snowshoe (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Snowshoe</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Somali_(cat)" title="Somali (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Somali</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Thai_(cat)" title="Thai (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Thai</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian_cat" title="Traditional Persian cat" class="mw-redirect">Traditional Persian</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_(cat)" title="Tonkinese (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Tonkinese</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></dd>

+</dl>

+<dl>

+<dt>Hybrid</dt>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Bengal_(cat)" title="Bengal (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Bengal</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Savannah_(cat)" title="Savannah (cat)" class="mw-redirect">Savannah</a></dd>

+<dd><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></dd>

+</dl>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_long-haired_cat" title="Domestic long-haired cat">Domestic long-haired</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_short-haired_cat" title="Domestic short-haired cat">Domestic short-haired</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">

+<div>

+<ul>

+<li><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books/Cat" title="Wikipedia:Books/Cat" class="mw-redirect">Book</a></li>

+<li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats">Category</a></li>

+<li><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Portal</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+<table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<td style="padding:2px">

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable1">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">[<a id="collapseButton1" href="#">show</a>]

+<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">

+<ul>

+<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora">v</a></li>

+<li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora">t</a></li>

+<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Carnivora&action=edit">e</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+<div style="font-size:110%">Extant <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2">

+<div>

+<ul>

+<li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>

+<li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>

+<li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li>

+<li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li>

+<li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable2">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton2" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">Nandiniidae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">Nandinia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (N. binotata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a>

+(Mongooses)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Atilax</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (A. paludinosus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Cynictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (C. penicillata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Dologale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (D. dybowskii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Galerella" title="Galerella">Galerella</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (G. flavescens)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (G. ochracea)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (G. pulverulenta)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Slender_mongoose" title="Slender mongoose">Slender mongoose (G. sanguinea)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (H. brachyurus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_gray_mongoose" title="Indian gray mongoose">Indian gray mongoose (H. edwardsii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (H. fuscus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Small_Asian_mongoose" title="Small Asian mongoose">Small Asian mongoose (H. javanicus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (H. naso)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (H. semitorquatus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (H. smithii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (H. urva)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (H. vitticollis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">Ichneumia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (I. albicauda)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberiictus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (L. kuhni)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (M. mungo)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Selous%27_mongoose" title="Selous' mongoose">Paracynictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27_mongoose" title="Selous' mongoose">Selous' mongoose (P. selousi)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Rhynchogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (R. melleri)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Suricata</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (S. suricatta)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a>

+(Hyenas)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Crocuta</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaena</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (H. brunnea)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (H. hyaena)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Proteles</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (P. cristatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Large family listed below</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Large family listed below</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Small family listed below</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable3">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton3" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Family <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (A. jubatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (C. caracal)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)</a></li>

+<li>Domestic cat (F. catus)</li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (F. chaus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (F. manul)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (F. margarita)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">Wildcat (F. silvestris)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pantanal_cat" title="Pantanal cat">Pantanal cat (L. braccatus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Colocolo" title="Colocolo">Colocolo (L. colocolo)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (L. guigna)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (L. jacobitus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (L. pajeros)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (L. pardalis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (L. tigrinus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (L. wiedii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Leptailurus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (L. serval)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canadian lynx (L. canadensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (L. rufus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (P. marmorata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (P. badia)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (P. temminckii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Iriomote_cat" title="Iriomote cat">Iriomote cat (P. iriomotensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">Profelis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (P. aurata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (P. concolor)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (P. leo)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (P. onca)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (P. pardus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (P. tigris)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Uncia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (U. uncia)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable4">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton4" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Family <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a> (includes <a href="/wiki/Civet" title="Civet">Civets</a>)</div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Arctictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (A. binturong)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Arctogalidia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Macrogalidia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Paguma</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (P. larvata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus_aureus" title="Paradoxurus aureus">Golden wet-zone palm civet (P. aureus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Jerdon's palm civet (P. jerdoni)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Chrotogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Cynogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (C. bennettii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Diplogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (D. hosei)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Hemigalus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodontinae</a>

+(Asiatic linsangs)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em; height:4em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; height:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (P. linsang)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">Civettictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (C. civetta)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a>

+(Genets)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (G. angolensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (G. genetta)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (G. pardina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (G. poensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (G. servalina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Haussa_genet" title="Haussa genet">Haussa genet (G. thierryi)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (G. tigrina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_linsang" title="African linsang">African linsang (P. richardsonii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Leighton%27s_linsang" title="Leighton's linsang">Leighton's linsang (P. leightoni)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8.5em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Viverricula</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (V. indica)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable5">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton5" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Family <a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Cryptoprocta</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (C. ferox)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Falanouc" title="Falanouc">Falanouc (E. goudotii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eupleres_major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eupleres major (page does not exist)">E. major)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Fossa</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (F. fossana)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_mongoose" title="Ring-tailed mongoose">Galidia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_mongoose" title="Ring-tailed mongoose">Ring-tailed mongoose (G. elegans)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Mungotictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (M. decemlineata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Salanoia_durrelli" title="Salanoia durrelli">Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable6">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton6" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> (cont. below)</div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a>

+(Bears)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Helarctos</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (H. malayanus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Melursus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (M. ursinus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Tremarctos</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(genus)" title="Ursus (genus)">Ursus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (U. americanus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (U. arctos)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (U. maritimus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">Mephitidae</a>

+(Skunks)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a>

+(Hog-nosed

+skunks)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (M. macroura)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (M. mephitis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a>

+(Spotted skunks)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spilogale_angustifrons" title="Spilogale angustifrons" class="mw-redirect">Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a>

+(Olingos)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (B. gabbii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (B. medius)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (B. neblina)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_Cat" title="Ring-tailed Cat" class="mw-redirect">Ring-tailed cat (B. astutus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Coatis</a> inclusive)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_Coati" title="White-nosed Coati" class="mw-redirect">White-nosed coati (N. narica)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Coati" title="South American Coati" class="mw-redirect">South American coati (N. nasua)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Coatis</a> inclusive)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Potos</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (P. flavus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_Raccoon" title="Crab-eating Raccoon" class="mw-redirect">Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (P. lotor)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_Raccoon" title="Cozumel Raccoon" class="mw-redirect">Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Ailurus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (A. fulgens)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable7">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton7" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> (cont. above)</div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a>

+(Eared seals)

+(includes <a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>

+and <a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)

+(<a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (A. australis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Callorhinus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Eumetopias</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (E. jubatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Neophoca</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">Otaria</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (O. flavescens)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">Phocarctos</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (P. hookeri)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (Z. californianus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Odobenidae</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em; height:4em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Odobenus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (O. rosmarus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a>

+(Earless seals)

+(<a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Cystophora</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (C. cristata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Erignathus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (E. barbatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Halichoerus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Gray seal (H. grypus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Histriophoca</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (H. fasciata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Hydrurga</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (H. leptonyx)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Leptonychotes</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (L. weddellii)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Lobodon</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (L. carcinophagus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a>

+(Elephant seals)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachus" title="Monachus">Monachus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (M. schauinslandi)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ommatophoca</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (O. rossi)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Pagophilus</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (P. groenlandicus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (P. largha)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (P. vitulina)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:9em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (P. caspica)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (P. hispida)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (P. sibirica)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Large family listed below</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Large family listed below</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable8">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton8" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Family <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> (includes <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dogs</a>)</div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Atelocynus</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (A. microtis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (C. adustus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (C. aureus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (C. latrans)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" title="Gray wolf">Gray wolf (C. lupus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">Dingo (C. lupus dingo)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (C. mesomelas)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (C. rufus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Cerdocyon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (C. thous)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Chrysocyon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (C. brachyurus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Cuon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (C. alpinus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Lycalopex" title="Lycalopex" class="mw-redirect">Lycalopex</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (L. culpaeus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (L. griseus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (L. vetulus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_pictus" title="Lycaon pictus" class="mw-redirect">Lycaon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (L. pictus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_dog" title="Raccoon dog">Raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Otocyon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (O. megalotis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (S. venaticus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (U. littoralis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">Foxes</a>)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (V. cana)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (V. chama)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (V. corsac)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sand_fox" title="Tibetan sand fox">Tibetan sand fox (V. ferrilata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (V. lagopus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (V. macrotis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (V. pallida)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (V. velox)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (V. vulpes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (V. zerda)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable9">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";">[<a id="collapseButton9" href="#">show</a>]

+<div style="font-size:110%">Family <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div>

+</th>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height: 2px; display: none;">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="display: none;">

+<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a>

+(Otters)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (A. capensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_small-clawed_otter" title="Oriental small-clawed otter">Oriental small-clawed otter (A. cinerea)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Enhydra</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (E. lutris)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Hydrictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (H. maculicollis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (L. canadensis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (L. felina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (L. provocax)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/European_otter" title="European otter">European otter (L. lutra)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Pteronura</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (P. brasiliensis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a>

+(including <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badgers</a>)</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>

+<table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">

+<tbody><tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Hog badger (A. collaris)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Eira</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (E. barbara)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (G. cuja)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (G. vittata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Gulo</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (G. gulo)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (I. libyca)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (I. striatus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Lyncodon</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (L. patagonicus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a>

+(Martens)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (M. americana)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (M. foina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (M. martes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (M. melampus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (M. pennanti)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (M. zibellina)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (M. anakuma)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (M. leucurus)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (M. meles)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Mellivora</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (M. capensis)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a>

+(Ferret-badgers)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret-badger" title="Bornean ferret-badger">Bornean ferret-badger (M. everetti)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Weasels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferrets</a>)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (M. africana)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (M. altaica)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat (M. erminea)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (M. felipei)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (M. frenata)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (M. itatsi)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (M. lutreola)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (M. nivalis)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (M. nudipes)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (M. putorius)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (M. sibirica)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa)</a></li>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_weasel" title="Egyptian weasel">Egyptian weasel (M. subpalmata)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">Neovison</a>

+(<a href="/wiki/Mink" title="Mink">Minks</a>)</div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (N. vison)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">Poecilogale</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (P. albinucha)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">Taxidea</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (T. taxus)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+<tr style="height:2px">

+<td colspan="2"></td>

+</tr>

+<tr>

+<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:8em;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></div>

+</th>

+<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;">

+<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">

+<ul>

+<li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)</a></li>

+</ul>

+</div>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+</td>

+</tr>

+</tbody></table>

+<noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div>