Move libvpx from DEPS to src

third_party/libvpx/source/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.c

Index: third_party/libvpx/source/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.c
diff --git a/third_party/libvpx/source/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.c b/third_party/libvpx/source/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fb7cfba7bfc9e67024650502cb6a8164023f8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/libvpx/source/libvpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1887 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2014 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "./vp9_rtcd.h"
+
+#include "vpx_mem/vpx_mem.h"
+
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_blockd.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_mvref_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_pred_common.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconinter.h"
+#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconintra.h"
+
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_cost.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_pickmode.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_ratectrl.h"
+#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rd.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t *data;
+  int stride;
+  int in_use;
+} PRED_BUFFER;
+
+static int mv_refs_rt(const VP9_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                      const TileInfo *const tile,
+                      MODE_INFO *mi, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
+                      int_mv *mv_ref_list,
+                      int mi_row, int mi_col) {
+  const int *ref_sign_bias = cm->ref_frame_sign_bias;
+  int i, refmv_count = 0;
+
+  const POSITION *const mv_ref_search = mv_ref_blocks[mi->mbmi.sb_type];
+
+  int different_ref_found = 0;
+  int context_counter = 0;
+  int const_motion = 0;
+
+  // Blank the reference vector list
+  memset(mv_ref_list, 0, sizeof(*mv_ref_list) * MAX_MV_REF_CANDIDATES);
+
+  // The nearest 2 blocks are treated differently
+  // if the size < 8x8 we get the mv from the bmi substructure,
+  // and we also need to keep a mode count.
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    const POSITION *const mv_ref = &mv_ref_search[i];
+    if (is_inside(tile, mi_col, mi_row, cm->mi_rows, mv_ref)) {
+      const MODE_INFO *const candidate_mi = xd->mi[mv_ref->col + mv_ref->row *
+                                                   xd->mi_stride];
+      const MB_MODE_INFO *const candidate = &candidate_mi->mbmi;
+      // Keep counts for entropy encoding.
+      context_counter += mode_2_counter[candidate->mode];
+      different_ref_found = 1;
+
+      if (candidate->ref_frame[0] == ref_frame)
+        ADD_MV_REF_LIST(get_sub_block_mv(candidate_mi, 0, mv_ref->col, -1),
+                        refmv_count, mv_ref_list, Done);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const_motion = 1;
+
+  // Check the rest of the neighbors in much the same way
+  // as before except we don't need to keep track of sub blocks or
+  // mode counts.
+  for (; i < MVREF_NEIGHBOURS && !refmv_count; ++i) {
+    const POSITION *const mv_ref = &mv_ref_search[i];
+    if (is_inside(tile, mi_col, mi_row, cm->mi_rows, mv_ref)) {
+      const MB_MODE_INFO *const candidate = &xd->mi[mv_ref->col + mv_ref->row *
+                                                    xd->mi_stride]->mbmi;
+      different_ref_found = 1;
+
+      if (candidate->ref_frame[0] == ref_frame)
+        ADD_MV_REF_LIST(candidate->mv[0], refmv_count, mv_ref_list, Done);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Since we couldn't find 2 mvs from the same reference frame
+  // go back through the neighbors and find motion vectors from
+  // different reference frames.
+  if (different_ref_found && !refmv_count) {
+    for (i = 0; i < MVREF_NEIGHBOURS; ++i) {
+      const POSITION *mv_ref = &mv_ref_search[i];
+      if (is_inside(tile, mi_col, mi_row, cm->mi_rows, mv_ref)) {
+        const MB_MODE_INFO *const candidate = &xd->mi[mv_ref->col + mv_ref->row
+                                              * xd->mi_stride]->mbmi;
+
+        // If the candidate is INTRA we don't want to consider its mv.
+        IF_DIFF_REF_FRAME_ADD_MV(candidate, ref_frame, ref_sign_bias,
+                                 refmv_count, mv_ref_list, Done);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ Done:
+
+  mi->mbmi.mode_context[ref_frame] = counter_to_context[context_counter];
+
+  // Clamp vectors
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MV_REF_CANDIDATES; ++i)
+    clamp_mv_ref(&mv_ref_list[i].as_mv, xd);
+
+  return const_motion;
+}
+
+static int combined_motion_search(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                  BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                  int_mv *tmp_mv, int *rate_mv,
+                                  int64_t best_rd_sofar) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct buf_2d backup_yv12[MAX_MB_PLANE] = {{0, 0}};
+  const int step_param = cpi->sf.mv.fullpel_search_step_param;
+  const int sadpb = x->sadperbit16;
+  MV mvp_full;
+  const int ref = mbmi->ref_frame[0];
+  const MV ref_mv = mbmi->ref_mvs[ref][0].as_mv;
+  int dis;
+  int rate_mode;
+  const int tmp_col_min = x->mv_col_min;
+  const int tmp_col_max = x->mv_col_max;
+  const int tmp_row_min = x->mv_row_min;
+  const int tmp_row_max = x->mv_row_max;
+  int rv = 0;
+  int cost_list[5];
+  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *scaled_ref_frame = vp9_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi,
+                                                                        ref);
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    int i;
+    // Swap out the reference frame for a version that's been scaled to
+    // match the resolution of the current frame, allowing the existing
+    // motion search code to be used without additional modifications.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      backup_yv12[i] = xd->plane[i].pre[0];
+    vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, scaled_ref_frame, mi_row, mi_col, NULL);
+  }
+  vp9_set_mv_search_range(x, &ref_mv);
+
+  assert(x->mv_best_ref_index[ref] <= 2);
+  if (x->mv_best_ref_index[ref] < 2)
+    mvp_full = mbmi->ref_mvs[ref][x->mv_best_ref_index[ref]].as_mv;
+  else
+    mvp_full = x->pred_mv[ref];
+
+  mvp_full.col >>= 3;
+  mvp_full.row >>= 3;
+
+  vp9_full_pixel_search(cpi, x, bsize, &mvp_full, step_param, sadpb,
+                        cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                        &ref_mv, &tmp_mv->as_mv, INT_MAX, 0);
+
+  x->mv_col_min = tmp_col_min;
+  x->mv_col_max = tmp_col_max;
+  x->mv_row_min = tmp_row_min;
+  x->mv_row_max = tmp_row_max;
+
+  // calculate the bit cost on motion vector
+  mvp_full.row = tmp_mv->as_mv.row * 8;
+  mvp_full.col = tmp_mv->as_mv.col * 8;
+
+  *rate_mv = vp9_mv_bit_cost(&mvp_full, &ref_mv,
+                             x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+
+  rate_mode = cpi->inter_mode_cost[mbmi->mode_context[ref]]
+                                  [INTER_OFFSET(NEWMV)];
+  rv = !(RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, (*rate_mv + rate_mode), 0) >
+         best_rd_sofar);
+
+  if (rv) {
+    cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(x, &tmp_mv->as_mv, &ref_mv,
+                                 cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                 x->errorperbit,
+                                 &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                                 cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                                 cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                                 cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                                 x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                                 &dis, &x->pred_sse[ref], NULL, 0, 0);
+    *rate_mv = vp9_mv_bit_cost(&tmp_mv->as_mv, &ref_mv,
+                               x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+  }
+
+  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = backup_yv12[i];
+  }
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static void block_variance(const uint8_t *src, int src_stride,
+                           const uint8_t *ref, int ref_stride,
+                           int w, int h, unsigned int *sse, int *sum,
+                           int block_size, unsigned int *sse8x8,
+                           int *sum8x8, unsigned int *var8x8) {
+  int i, j, k = 0;
+
+  *sse = 0;
+  *sum = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < h; i += block_size) {
+    for (j = 0; j < w; j += block_size) {
+      vp9_get8x8var(src + src_stride * i + j, src_stride,
+                    ref + ref_stride * i + j, ref_stride,
+                    &sse8x8[k], &sum8x8[k]);
+      *sse += sse8x8[k];
+      *sum += sum8x8[k];
+      var8x8[k] = sse8x8[k] - (((unsigned int)sum8x8[k] * sum8x8[k]) >> 6);
+      k++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void calculate_variance(int bw, int bh, TX_SIZE tx_size,
+                               unsigned int *sse_i, int *sum_i,
+                               unsigned int *var_o, unsigned int *sse_o,
+                               int *sum_o) {
+  const BLOCK_SIZE unit_size = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
+  const int nw = 1 << (bw - b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
+  const int nh = 1 << (bh - b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
+  int i, j, k = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nh; i += 2) {
+    for (j = 0; j < nw; j += 2) {
+      sse_o[k] = sse_i[i * nw + j] + sse_i[i * nw + j + 1] +
+          sse_i[(i + 1) * nw + j] + sse_i[(i + 1) * nw + j + 1];
+      sum_o[k] = sum_i[i * nw + j] + sum_i[i * nw + j + 1] +
+          sum_i[(i + 1) * nw + j] + sum_i[(i + 1) * nw + j + 1];
+      var_o[k] = sse_o[k] - (((unsigned int)sum_o[k] * sum_o[k]) >>
+          (b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size] +
+              b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size] + 6));
+      k++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void model_rd_for_sb_y_large(VP9_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                    MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                                    int *out_rate_sum, int64_t *out_dist_sum,
+                                    unsigned int *var_y, unsigned int *sse_y,
+                                    int mi_row, int mi_col, int *early_term) {
+  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
+  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
+  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
+  unsigned int sse;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  const uint32_t dc_quant = pd->dequant[0];
+  const uint32_t ac_quant = pd->dequant[1];
+  const int64_t dc_thr = dc_quant * dc_quant >> 6;
+  const int64_t ac_thr = ac_quant * ac_quant >> 6;
+  unsigned int var;
+  int sum;
+  int skip_dc = 0;
+
+  const int bw = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+  const int bh = b_height_log2_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num8x8 = 1 << (bw + bh - 2);
+  unsigned int sse8x8[64] = {0};
+  int sum8x8[64] = {0};
+  unsigned int var8x8[64] = {0};
+  TX_SIZE tx_size;
+  int i, k;
+
+  // Calculate variance for whole partition, and also save 8x8 blocks' variance
+  // to be used in following transform skipping test.
+  block_variance(p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
+                 4 << bw, 4 << bh, &sse, &sum, 8, sse8x8, sum8x8, var8x8);
+  var = sse - (((int64_t)sum * sum) >> (bw + bh + 4));
+
+  *var_y = var;
+  *sse_y = sse;
+
+  if (cpi->common.tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT) {
+    if (sse > (var << 2))
+      tx_size = MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+                    tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+    else
+      tx_size = TX_8X8;
+
+    if (cpi->sf.partition_search_type == VAR_BASED_PARTITION) {
+      if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ &&
+          cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id))
+        tx_size = TX_8X8;
+      else if (tx_size > TX_16X16)
+        tx_size = TX_16X16;
+    }
+  } else {
+    tx_size = MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+                  tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+  }
+
+  assert(tx_size >= TX_8X8);
+  xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = tx_size;
+
+  // Evaluate if the partition block is a skippable block in Y plane.
+  {
+    unsigned int sse16x16[16] = {0};
+    int sum16x16[16] = {0};
+    unsigned int var16x16[16] = {0};
+    const int num16x16 = num8x8 >> 2;
+
+    unsigned int sse32x32[4] = {0};
+    int sum32x32[4] = {0};
+    unsigned int var32x32[4] = {0};
+    const int num32x32 = num8x8 >> 4;
+
+    int ac_test = 1;
+    int dc_test = 1;
+    const int num = (tx_size == TX_8X8) ? num8x8 :
+        ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? num16x16 : num32x32);
+    const unsigned int *sse_tx = (tx_size == TX_8X8) ? sse8x8 :
+        ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? sse16x16 : sse32x32);
+    const unsigned int *var_tx = (tx_size == TX_8X8) ? var8x8 :
+        ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? var16x16 : var32x32);
+
+    // Calculate variance if tx_size > TX_8X8
+    if (tx_size >= TX_16X16)
+      calculate_variance(bw, bh, TX_8X8, sse8x8, sum8x8, var16x16, sse16x16,
+                         sum16x16);
+    if (tx_size == TX_32X32)
+      calculate_variance(bw, bh, TX_16X16, sse16x16, sum16x16, var32x32,
+                         sse32x32, sum32x32);
+
+    // Skipping test
+    x->skip_txfm[0] = 0;
+    for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
+      // Check if all ac coefficients can be quantized to zero.
+      if (!(var_tx[k] < ac_thr || var == 0)) {
+        ac_test = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+
+    for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
+      // Check if dc coefficient can be quantized to zero.
+      if (!(sse_tx[k] - var_tx[k] < dc_thr || sse == var)) {
+        dc_test = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+
+    if (ac_test) {
+      x->skip_txfm[0] = 2;
+
+      if (dc_test)
+        x->skip_txfm[0] = 1;
+    } else if (dc_test) {
+      skip_dc = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x->skip_txfm[0] == 1) {
+    int skip_uv[2] = {0};
+    unsigned int var_uv[2];
+    unsigned int sse_uv[2];
+
+    *out_rate_sum = 0;
+    *out_dist_sum = sse << 4;
+
+    // Transform skipping test in UV planes.
+    for (i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
+      struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[i];
+      struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[i];
+      const TX_SIZE uv_tx_size = get_uv_tx_size(&xd->mi[0]->mbmi, pd);
+      const BLOCK_SIZE unit_size = txsize_to_bsize[uv_tx_size];
+      const BLOCK_SIZE uv_bsize = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+      const int uv_bw = b_width_log2_lookup[uv_bsize];
+      const int uv_bh = b_height_log2_lookup[uv_bsize];
+      const int sf = (uv_bw - b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size]) +
+          (uv_bh - b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
+      const uint32_t uv_dc_thr = pd->dequant[0] * pd->dequant[0] >> (6 - sf);
+      const uint32_t uv_ac_thr = pd->dequant[1] * pd->dequant[1] >> (6 - sf);
+      int j = i - 1;
+
+      vp9_build_inter_predictors_sbp(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, i);
+      var_uv[j] = cpi->fn_ptr[uv_bsize].vf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
+          pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, &sse_uv[j]);
+
+      if ((var_uv[j] < uv_ac_thr || var_uv[j] == 0) &&
+          (sse_uv[j] - var_uv[j] < uv_dc_thr || sse_uv[j] == var_uv[j]))
+        skip_uv[j] = 1;
+      else
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // If the transform in YUV planes are skippable, the mode search checks
+    // fewer inter modes and doesn't check intra modes.
+    if (skip_uv[0] & skip_uv[1]) {
+      *early_term = 1;
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!skip_dc) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                   dc_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+    } else {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                   dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+    }
+#else
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+
+  if (!skip_dc) {
+    *out_rate_sum = rate >> 1;
+    *out_dist_sum = dist << 3;
+  } else {
+    *out_rate_sum = 0;
+    *out_dist_sum = (sse - var) << 4;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 ac_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+  } else {
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+  }
+#else
+  vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                               ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  *out_rate_sum += rate;
+  *out_dist_sum += dist << 4;
+}
+
+static void model_rd_for_sb_y(VP9_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                              MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                              int *out_rate_sum, int64_t *out_dist_sum,
+                              unsigned int *var_y, unsigned int *sse_y) {
+  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
+  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
+  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
+  unsigned int sse;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  const int64_t dc_thr = p->quant_thred[0] >> 6;
+  const int64_t ac_thr = p->quant_thred[1] >> 6;
+  const uint32_t dc_quant = pd->dequant[0];
+  const uint32_t ac_quant = pd->dequant[1];
+  unsigned int var = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize].vf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
+                                           pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, &sse);
+  int skip_dc = 0;
+
+  *var_y = var;
+  *sse_y = sse;
+
+  if (cpi->common.tx_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT) {
+    if (sse > (var << 2))
+      xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size =
+          MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+              tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+    else
+      xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_8X8;
+
+    if (cpi->sf.partition_search_type == VAR_BASED_PARTITION) {
+      if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ &&
+          cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id))
+        xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_8X8;
+      else if (xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size > TX_16X16)
+        xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_16X16;
+    }
+  } else {
+    xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size =
+        MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+            tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+  }
+
+  // Evaluate if the partition block is a skippable block in Y plane.
+  {
+    const BLOCK_SIZE unit_size =
+        txsize_to_bsize[xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size];
+    const unsigned int num_blk_log2 =
+        (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] - b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size]) +
+        (b_height_log2_lookup[bsize] - b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
+    const unsigned int sse_tx = sse >> num_blk_log2;
+    const unsigned int var_tx = var >> num_blk_log2;
+
+    x->skip_txfm[0] = 0;
+    // Check if all ac coefficients can be quantized to zero.
+    if (var_tx < ac_thr || var == 0) {
+      x->skip_txfm[0] = 2;
+      // Check if dc coefficient can be quantized to zero.
+      if (sse_tx - var_tx < dc_thr || sse == var)
+        x->skip_txfm[0] = 1;
+    } else {
+      if (sse_tx - var_tx < dc_thr || sse == var)
+        skip_dc = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x->skip_txfm[0] == 1) {
+    *out_rate_sum = 0;
+    *out_dist_sum = sse << 4;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!skip_dc) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                   dc_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+    } else {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                   dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+    }
+#else
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  }
+
+  if (!skip_dc) {
+    *out_rate_sum = rate >> 1;
+    *out_dist_sum = dist << 3;
+  } else {
+    *out_rate_sum = 0;
+    *out_dist_sum = (sse - var) << 4;
+  }
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 ac_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+  } else {
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                                 ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+  }
+#else
+  vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize],
+                               ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+  *out_rate_sum += rate;
+  *out_dist_sum += dist << 4;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+static void block_yrd(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int *rate, int64_t *dist,
+                      int *skippable, int64_t *sse, int plane,
+                      BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  unsigned int var_y, sse_y;
+  (void)plane;
+  (void)tx_size;
+  model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, rate, dist, &var_y, &sse_y);
+  *sse = INT_MAX;
+  *skippable = 0;
+  return;
+}
+#else
+static void block_yrd(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int *rate, int64_t *dist,
+                      int *skippable, int64_t *sse, int plane,
+                      BLOCK_SIZE bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  const struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
+  const struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
+  const int num_4x4_w = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num_4x4_h = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  const int step = 1 << (tx_size << 1);
+  const int block_step = (1 << tx_size);
+  int block = 0, r, c;
+  int shift = tx_size == TX_32X32 ? 0 : 2;
+  const int max_blocks_wide = num_4x4_w + (xd->mb_to_right_edge >= 0 ? 0 :
+      xd->mb_to_right_edge >> (5 + pd->subsampling_x));
+  const int max_blocks_high = num_4x4_h + (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >= 0 ? 0 :
+      xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> (5 + pd->subsampling_y));
+  int eob_cost = 0;
+
+  (void)cpi;
+  vp9_subtract_plane(x, bsize, plane);
+  *skippable = 1;
+  // Keep track of the row and column of the blocks we use so that we know
+  // if we are in the unrestricted motion border.
+  for (r = 0; r < max_blocks_high; r += block_step) {
+    for (c = 0; c < num_4x4_w; c += block_step) {
+      if (c < max_blocks_wide) {
+        const scan_order *const scan_order = &vp9_default_scan_orders[tx_size];
+        tran_low_t *const coeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->coeff, block);
+        tran_low_t *const qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
+        tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+        uint16_t *const eob = &p->eobs[block];
+        const int diff_stride = 4 * num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+        const int16_t *src_diff;
+        src_diff = &p->src_diff[(r * diff_stride + c) << 2];
+
+        switch (tx_size) {
+          case TX_32X32:
+            vp9_fdct32x32_rd(src_diff, coeff, diff_stride);
+            vp9_quantize_fp_32x32(coeff, 1024, x->skip_block, p->zbin,
+                                  p->round_fp, p->quant_fp, p->quant_shift,
+                                  qcoeff, dqcoeff, pd->dequant, eob,
+                                  scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
+            break;
+          case TX_16X16:
+            vp9_hadamard_16x16(src_diff, diff_stride, (int16_t *)coeff);
+            vp9_quantize_fp(coeff, 256, x->skip_block, p->zbin, p->round_fp,
+                            p->quant_fp, p->quant_shift, qcoeff, dqcoeff,
+                            pd->dequant, eob,
+                            scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
+            break;
+          case TX_8X8:
+            vp9_hadamard_8x8(src_diff, diff_stride, (int16_t *)coeff);
+            vp9_quantize_fp(coeff, 64, x->skip_block, p->zbin, p->round_fp,
+                            p->quant_fp, p->quant_shift, qcoeff, dqcoeff,
+                            pd->dequant, eob,
+                            scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
+            break;
+          case TX_4X4:
+            x->fwd_txm4x4(src_diff, coeff, diff_stride);
+            vp9_quantize_fp(coeff, 16, x->skip_block, p->zbin, p->round_fp,
+                            p->quant_fp, p->quant_shift, qcoeff, dqcoeff,
+                            pd->dequant, eob,
+                            scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
+            break;
+          default:
+            assert(0);
+            break;
+        }
+        *skippable &= (*eob == 0);
+        eob_cost += 1;
+      }
+      block += step;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (*skippable && *sse < INT64_MAX) {
+    *rate = 0;
+    *dist = (*sse << 6) >> shift;
+    *sse = *dist;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  block = 0;
+  *rate = 0;
+  *dist = 0;
+  *sse = (*sse << 6) >> shift;
+  for (r = 0; r < max_blocks_high; r += block_step) {
+    for (c = 0; c < num_4x4_w; c += block_step) {
+      if (c < max_blocks_wide) {
+        tran_low_t *const coeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->coeff, block);
+        tran_low_t *const qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
+        tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
+        uint16_t *const eob = &p->eobs[block];
+
+        if (*eob == 1)
+          *rate += (int)abs(qcoeff[0]);
+        else if (*eob > 1)
+          *rate += (int)vp9_satd((const int16_t *)qcoeff, step << 4);
+
+        *dist += vp9_block_error_fp(coeff, dqcoeff, step << 4) >> shift;
+      }
+      block += step;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (*skippable == 0) {
+    *rate <<= 10;
+    *rate += (eob_cost << 8);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+static void model_rd_for_sb_uv(VP9_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                               MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
+                               int *out_rate_sum, int64_t *out_dist_sum,
+                               unsigned int *var_y, unsigned int *sse_y) {
+  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
+  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
+  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
+  unsigned int sse;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  int i;
+
+  *out_rate_sum = 0;
+  *out_dist_sum = 0;
+
+  for (i = 1; i <= 2; ++i) {
+    struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[i];
+    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[i];
+    const uint32_t dc_quant = pd->dequant[0];
+    const uint32_t ac_quant = pd->dequant[1];
+    const BLOCK_SIZE bs = get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd);
+    unsigned int var;
+
+    if (!x->color_sensitivity[i - 1])
+      continue;
+
+    var = cpi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
+                             pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, &sse);
+    *var_y += var;
+    *sse_y += sse;
+
+  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                   dc_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+    } else {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                   dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+    }
+  #else
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                 dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+  #endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+    *out_rate_sum += rate >> 1;
+    *out_dist_sum += dist << 3;
+
+  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                   ac_quant >> (xd->bd - 5), &rate, &dist);
+    } else {
+      vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                   ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+    }
+  #else
+    vp9_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
+                                 ac_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);
+  #endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+
+    *out_rate_sum += rate;
+    *out_dist_sum += dist << 4;
+  }
+}
+
+static int get_pred_buffer(PRED_BUFFER *p, int len) {
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (!p[i].in_use) {
+      p[i].in_use = 1;
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static void free_pred_buffer(PRED_BUFFER *p) {
+  if (p != NULL)
+    p->in_use = 0;
+}
+
+static void encode_breakout_test(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                 BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col,
+                                 MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
+                                 PREDICTION_MODE this_mode,
+                                 unsigned int var_y, unsigned int sse_y,
+                                 struct buf_2d yv12_mb[][MAX_MB_PLANE],
+                                 int *rate, int64_t *dist) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+
+  const BLOCK_SIZE uv_size = get_plane_block_size(bsize, &xd->plane[1]);
+  unsigned int var = var_y, sse = sse_y;
+  // Skipping threshold for ac.
+  unsigned int thresh_ac;
+  // Skipping threshold for dc.
+  unsigned int thresh_dc;
+  if (x->encode_breakout > 0) {
+    // Set a maximum for threshold to avoid big PSNR loss in low bit rate
+    // case. Use extreme low threshold for static frames to limit
+    // skipping.
+    const unsigned int max_thresh = 36000;
+    // The encode_breakout input
+    const unsigned int min_thresh =
+        MIN(((unsigned int)x->encode_breakout << 4), max_thresh);
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    const int shift = (xd->bd << 1) - 16;
+#endif
+
+    // Calculate threshold according to dequant value.
+    thresh_ac = (xd->plane[0].dequant[1] * xd->plane[0].dequant[1]) >> 3;
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if ((xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) && shift > 0) {
+      thresh_ac = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(thresh_ac, shift);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    thresh_ac = clamp(thresh_ac, min_thresh, max_thresh);
+
+    // Adjust ac threshold according to partition size.
+    thresh_ac >>=
+        8 - (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] + b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]);
+
+    thresh_dc = (xd->plane[0].dequant[0] * xd->plane[0].dequant[0] >> 6);
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    if ((xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) && shift > 0) {
+      thresh_dc = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(thresh_dc, shift);
+    }
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  } else {
+    thresh_ac = 0;
+    thresh_dc = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Y skipping condition checking for ac and dc.
+  if (var <= thresh_ac && (sse - var) <= thresh_dc) {
+    unsigned int sse_u, sse_v;
+    unsigned int var_u, var_v;
+
+    // Skip UV prediction unless breakout is zero (lossless) to save
+    // computation with low impact on the result
+    if (x->encode_breakout == 0) {
+      xd->plane[1].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][1];
+      xd->plane[2].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][2];
+      vp9_build_inter_predictors_sbuv(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+    }
+
+    var_u = cpi->fn_ptr[uv_size].vf(x->plane[1].src.buf,
+                                    x->plane[1].src.stride,
+                                    xd->plane[1].dst.buf,
+                                    xd->plane[1].dst.stride, &sse_u);
+
+    // U skipping condition checking
+    if (((var_u << 2) <= thresh_ac) && (sse_u - var_u <= thresh_dc)) {
+      var_v = cpi->fn_ptr[uv_size].vf(x->plane[2].src.buf,
+                                      x->plane[2].src.stride,
+                                      xd->plane[2].dst.buf,
+                                      xd->plane[2].dst.stride, &sse_v);
+
+      // V skipping condition checking
+      if (((var_v << 2) <= thresh_ac) && (sse_v - var_v <= thresh_dc)) {
+        x->skip = 1;
+
+        // The cost of skip bit needs to be added.
+        *rate = cpi->inter_mode_cost[mbmi->mode_context[ref_frame]]
+                                    [INTER_OFFSET(this_mode)];
+
+        // More on this part of rate
+        // rate += vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+
+        // Scaling factor for SSE from spatial domain to frequency
+        // domain is 16. Adjust distortion accordingly.
+        // TODO(yunqingwang): In this function, only y-plane dist is
+        // calculated.
+        *dist = (sse << 4);  // + ((sse_u + sse_v) << 4);
+
+        // *disable_skip = 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct estimate_block_intra_args {
+  VP9_COMP *cpi;
+  MACROBLOCK *x;
+  PREDICTION_MODE mode;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+};
+
+static void estimate_block_intra(int plane, int block, BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
+                                 TX_SIZE tx_size, void *arg) {
+  struct estimate_block_intra_args* const args = arg;
+  VP9_COMP *const cpi = args->cpi;
+  MACROBLOCK *const x = args->x;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize_tx = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
+  uint8_t *const src_buf_base = p->src.buf;
+  uint8_t *const dst_buf_base = pd->dst.buf;
+  const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
+  const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
+  int i, j;
+  int rate;
+  int64_t dist;
+  int64_t this_sse = INT64_MAX;
+  int is_skippable;
+
+  txfrm_block_to_raster_xy(plane_bsize, tx_size, block, &i, &j);
+  assert(plane == 0);
+  (void) plane;
+
+  p->src.buf = &src_buf_base[4 * (j * src_stride + i)];
+  pd->dst.buf = &dst_buf_base[4 * (j * dst_stride + i)];
+  // Use source buffer as an approximation for the fully reconstructed buffer.
+  vp9_predict_intra_block(xd, block >> (2 * tx_size),
+                          b_width_log2_lookup[plane_bsize],
+                          tx_size, args->mode,
+                          x->skip_encode ? p->src.buf : pd->dst.buf,
+                          x->skip_encode ? src_stride : dst_stride,
+                          pd->dst.buf, dst_stride,
+                          i, j, 0);
+
+  // TODO(jingning): This needs further refactoring.
+  block_yrd(cpi, x, &rate, &dist, &is_skippable, &this_sse, 0,
+            bsize_tx, MIN(tx_size, TX_16X16));
+  x->skip_txfm[0] = is_skippable;
+  rate += vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(&cpi->common, xd), is_skippable);
+
+  p->src.buf = src_buf_base;
+  pd->dst.buf = dst_buf_base;
+  args->rate += rate;
+  args->dist += dist;
+}
+
+static const THR_MODES mode_idx[MAX_REF_FRAMES - 1][4] = {
+  {THR_DC, THR_V_PRED, THR_H_PRED, THR_TM},
+  {THR_NEARESTMV, THR_NEARMV, THR_ZEROMV, THR_NEWMV},
+  {THR_NEARESTG, THR_NEARG, THR_ZEROG, THR_NEWG},
+};
+
+static const PREDICTION_MODE intra_mode_list[] = {
+  DC_PRED, V_PRED, H_PRED, TM_PRED
+};
+
+static int mode_offset(const PREDICTION_MODE mode) {
+  if (mode >= NEARESTMV) {
+    return INTER_OFFSET(mode);
+  } else {
+    switch (mode) {
+      case DC_PRED:
+        return 0;
+      case V_PRED:
+        return 1;
+      case H_PRED:
+        return 2;
+      case TM_PRED:
+        return 3;
+      default:
+        return -1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE void update_thresh_freq_fact(VP9_COMP *cpi,
+                                           TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                           BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
+                                           MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
+                                           THR_MODES best_mode_idx,
+                                           PREDICTION_MODE mode) {
+  THR_MODES thr_mode_idx = mode_idx[ref_frame][mode_offset(mode)];
+  int *freq_fact = &tile_data->thresh_freq_fact[bsize][thr_mode_idx];
+  if (thr_mode_idx == best_mode_idx)
+    *freq_fact -= (*freq_fact >> 4);
+  else
+    *freq_fact = MIN(*freq_fact + RD_THRESH_INC,
+        cpi->sf.adaptive_rd_thresh * RD_THRESH_MAX_FACT);
+}
+
+void vp9_pick_intra_mode(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                         BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  RD_COST this_rdc, best_rdc;
+  PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
+  struct estimate_block_intra_args args = { cpi, x, DC_PRED, 0, 0 };
+  const TX_SIZE intra_tx_size =
+      MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+          tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+  MODE_INFO *const mic = xd->mi[0];
+  int *bmode_costs;
+  const MODE_INFO *above_mi = xd->mi[-xd->mi_stride];
+  const MODE_INFO *left_mi = xd->left_available ? xd->mi[-1] : NULL;
+  const PREDICTION_MODE A = vp9_above_block_mode(mic, above_mi, 0);
+  const PREDICTION_MODE L = vp9_left_block_mode(mic, left_mi, 0);
+  bmode_costs = cpi->y_mode_costs[A][L];
+
+  (void) ctx;
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&best_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&this_rdc);
+
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  memset(x->skip_txfm, 0, sizeof(x->skip_txfm));
+
+  // Change the limit of this loop to add other intra prediction
+  // mode tests.
+  for (this_mode = DC_PRED; this_mode <= H_PRED; ++this_mode) {
+    args.mode = this_mode;
+    args.rate = 0;
+    args.dist = 0;
+    mbmi->tx_size = intra_tx_size;
+    vp9_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, bsize, 0,
+                                           estimate_block_intra, &args);
+    this_rdc.rate = args.rate;
+    this_rdc.dist = args.dist;
+    this_rdc.rate += bmode_costs[this_mode];
+    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                             this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+
+    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+      best_rdc = this_rdc;
+      mbmi->mode = this_mode;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *rd_cost = best_rdc;
+}
+
+static void init_ref_frame_cost(VP9_COMMON *const cm,
+                                MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
+                                int ref_frame_cost[MAX_REF_FRAMES]) {
+  vp9_prob intra_inter_p = vp9_get_intra_inter_prob(cm, xd);
+  vp9_prob ref_single_p1 = vp9_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p1(cm, xd);
+  vp9_prob ref_single_p2 = vp9_get_pred_prob_single_ref_p2(cm, xd);
+
+  ref_frame_cost[INTRA_FRAME] = vp9_cost_bit(intra_inter_p, 0);
+  ref_frame_cost[LAST_FRAME] = ref_frame_cost[GOLDEN_FRAME] =
+    ref_frame_cost[ALTREF_FRAME] = vp9_cost_bit(intra_inter_p, 1);
+
+  ref_frame_cost[LAST_FRAME] += vp9_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 0);
+  ref_frame_cost[GOLDEN_FRAME] += vp9_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+  ref_frame_cost[ALTREF_FRAME] += vp9_cost_bit(ref_single_p1, 1);
+  ref_frame_cost[GOLDEN_FRAME] += vp9_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 0);
+  ref_frame_cost[ALTREF_FRAME] += vp9_cost_bit(ref_single_p2, 1);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame;
+  PREDICTION_MODE pred_mode;
+} REF_MODE;
+
+#define RT_INTER_MODES 8
+static const REF_MODE ref_mode_set[RT_INTER_MODES] = {
+    {LAST_FRAME, ZEROMV},
+    {LAST_FRAME, NEARESTMV},
+    {GOLDEN_FRAME, ZEROMV},
+    {LAST_FRAME, NEARMV},
+    {LAST_FRAME, NEWMV},
+    {GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARESTMV},
+    {GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARMV},
+    {GOLDEN_FRAME, NEWMV}
+};
+
+// TODO(jingning) placeholder for inter-frame non-RD mode decision.
+// this needs various further optimizations. to be continued..
+void vp9_pick_inter_mode(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                         TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                         int mi_row, int mi_col, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                         BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
+  PREDICTION_MODE best_mode = ZEROMV;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, best_ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME usable_ref_frame;
+  TX_SIZE best_tx_size = TX_SIZES;
+  INTERP_FILTER best_pred_filter = EIGHTTAP;
+  int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][MAX_REF_FRAMES];
+  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[4][MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  static const int flag_list[4] = { 0, VP9_LAST_FLAG, VP9_GOLD_FLAG,
+                                    VP9_ALT_FLAG };
+  RD_COST this_rdc, best_rdc;
+  uint8_t skip_txfm = 0, best_mode_skip_txfm = 0;
+  // var_y and sse_y are saved to be used in skipping checking
+  unsigned int var_y = UINT_MAX;
+  unsigned int sse_y = UINT_MAX;
+  // Reduce the intra cost penalty for small blocks (<=16x16).
+  const int reduction_fac =
+      (cpi->sf.partition_search_type == VAR_BASED_PARTITION &&
+       bsize <= BLOCK_16X16) ? ((bsize <= BLOCK_8X8) ? 4 : 2) : 0;
+  const int intra_cost_penalty = vp9_get_intra_cost_penalty(
+      cm->base_qindex, cm->y_dc_delta_q, cm->bit_depth) >> reduction_fac;
+  const int64_t inter_mode_thresh = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                           intra_cost_penalty, 0);
+  const int *const rd_threshes = cpi->rd.threshes[mbmi->segment_id][bsize];
+  const int *const rd_thresh_freq_fact = tile_data->thresh_freq_fact[bsize];
+  INTERP_FILTER filter_ref;
+  const int bsl = mi_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
+  const int pred_filter_search = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ?
+      (((mi_row + mi_col) >> bsl) +
+       get_chessboard_index(cm->current_video_frame)) & 0x1 : 0;
+  int const_motion[MAX_REF_FRAMES] = { 0 };
+  const int bh = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize] << 2;
+  const int bw = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize] << 2;
+  // For speed 6, the result of interp filter is reused later in actual encoding
+  // process.
+  // tmp[3] points to dst buffer, and the other 3 point to allocated buffers.
+  PRED_BUFFER tmp[4];
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, pred_buf[3 * 64 * 64]);
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint16_t, pred_buf_16[3 * 64 * 64]);
+#endif
+  struct buf_2d orig_dst = pd->dst;
+  PRED_BUFFER *best_pred = NULL;
+  PRED_BUFFER *this_mode_pred = NULL;
+  const int pixels_in_block = bh * bw;
+  int reuse_inter_pred = cpi->sf.reuse_inter_pred_sby && ctx->pred_pixel_ready;
+  int ref_frame_skip_mask = 0;
+  int idx;
+  int best_pred_sad = INT_MAX;
+  int best_early_term = 0;
+  int ref_frame_cost[MAX_REF_FRAMES];
+
+  init_ref_frame_cost(cm, xd, ref_frame_cost);
+
+  if (reuse_inter_pred) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (cm->use_highbitdepth)
+        tmp[i].data = CONVERT_TO_BYTEPTR(&pred_buf_16[pixels_in_block * i]);
+      else
+        tmp[i].data = &pred_buf[pixels_in_block * i];
+#else
+      tmp[i].data = &pred_buf[pixels_in_block * i];
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      tmp[i].stride = bw;
+      tmp[i].in_use = 0;
+    }
+    tmp[3].data = pd->dst.buf;
+    tmp[3].stride = pd->dst.stride;
+    tmp[3].in_use = 0;
+  }
+
+  x->skip_encode = cpi->sf.skip_encode_frame && x->q_index < QIDX_SKIP_THRESH;
+  x->skip = 0;
+
+  if (xd->up_available)
+    filter_ref = xd->mi[-xd->mi_stride]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+  else if (xd->left_available)
+    filter_ref = xd->mi[-1]->mbmi.interp_filter;
+  else
+    filter_ref = cm->interp_filter;
+
+  // initialize mode decisions
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(&best_rdc);
+  vp9_rd_cost_reset(rd_cost);
+  mbmi->sb_type = bsize;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = NONE;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE;
+  mbmi->tx_size = MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+                      tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cm->tx_mode]);
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
+  vp9_denoiser_reset_frame_stats(ctx);
+#endif
+
+  if (cpi->rc.frames_since_golden == 0) {
+    usable_ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
+  } else {
+    usable_ref_frame = GOLDEN_FRAME;
+  }
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= usable_ref_frame; ++ref_frame) {
+    const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, ref_frame);
+
+    x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
+    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+    frame_mv[ZEROMV][ref_frame].as_int = 0;
+
+    if ((cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame]) && (yv12 != NULL)) {
+      int_mv *const candidates = mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame];
+      const struct scale_factors *const sf = &cm->frame_refs[ref_frame - 1].sf;
+
+      vp9_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb[ref_frame], yv12, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           sf, sf);
+
+      if (cm->use_prev_frame_mvs)
+        vp9_find_mv_refs(cm, xd, tile_info, xd->mi[0], ref_frame,
+                         candidates, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, NULL);
+      else
+        const_motion[ref_frame] = mv_refs_rt(cm, xd, tile_info,
+                                             xd->mi[0],
+                                             ref_frame, candidates,
+                                             mi_row, mi_col);
+
+      vp9_find_best_ref_mvs(xd, cm->allow_high_precision_mv, candidates,
+                            &frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frame],
+                            &frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame]);
+
+      if (!vp9_is_scaled(sf) && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8)
+        vp9_mv_pred(cpi, x, yv12_mb[ref_frame][0].buf, yv12->y_stride,
+                    ref_frame, bsize);
+    } else {
+      ref_frame_skip_mask |= (1 << ref_frame);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (idx = 0; idx < RT_INTER_MODES; ++idx) {
+    int rate_mv = 0;
+    int mode_rd_thresh;
+    int mode_index;
+    int i;
+    PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = ref_mode_set[idx].pred_mode;
+    int64_t this_sse;
+    int is_skippable;
+    int this_early_term = 0;
+
+    if (!(cpi->sf.inter_mode_mask[bsize] & (1 << this_mode)))
+      continue;
+
+    ref_frame = ref_mode_set[idx].ref_frame;
+    if (!(cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame]))
+      continue;
+    if (const_motion[ref_frame] && this_mode == NEARMV)
+      continue;
+
+    i = (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME) ? GOLDEN_FRAME : LAST_FRAME;
+    if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[i])
+      if (x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] > (x->pred_mv_sad[i] << 1))
+        ref_frame_skip_mask |= (1 << ref_frame);
+    if (ref_frame_skip_mask & (1 << ref_frame))
+      continue;
+
+    // Select prediction reference frames.
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++)
+      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][i];
+
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
+    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, NONE);
+
+    mode_index = mode_idx[ref_frame][INTER_OFFSET(this_mode)];
+    mode_rd_thresh = best_mode_skip_txfm ?
+            rd_threshes[mode_index] << 1 : rd_threshes[mode_index];
+    if (rd_less_than_thresh(best_rdc.rdcost, mode_rd_thresh,
+                            rd_thresh_freq_fact[mode_index]))
+      continue;
+
+    if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
+      if (ref_frame > LAST_FRAME) {
+        int tmp_sad;
+        int dis, cost_list[5];
+
+        if (bsize < BLOCK_16X16)
+          continue;
+
+        tmp_sad = vp9_int_pro_motion_estimation(cpi, x, bsize);
+
+        if (tmp_sad > x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME])
+          continue;
+        if (tmp_sad + (num_pels_log2_lookup[bsize] << 4) > best_pred_sad)
+          continue;
+
+        frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = mbmi->mv[0].as_int;
+        rate_mv = vp9_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv,
+          &mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0].as_mv,
+          x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+        frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv.row >>= 3;
+        frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv.col >>= 3;
+
+        cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(x, &frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv,
+          &mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0].as_mv,
+          cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+          x->errorperbit,
+          &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+          cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+          cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+          cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+          x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost, &dis,
+          &x->pred_sse[ref_frame], NULL, 0, 0);
+      } else if (!combined_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
+        &frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame], &rate_mv, best_rdc.rdcost)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this_mode == NEWMV && ref_frame == LAST_FRAME &&
+        frame_mv[NEWMV][LAST_FRAME].as_int != INVALID_MV) {
+      const int pre_stride = xd->plane[0].pre[0].stride;
+      const uint8_t * const pre_buf = xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf +
+          (frame_mv[NEWMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.row >> 3) * pre_stride +
+          (frame_mv[NEWMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.col >> 3);
+      best_pred_sad = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize].sdf(x->plane[0].src.buf,
+                                   x->plane[0].src.stride,
+                                   pre_buf, pre_stride);
+      x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME] = best_pred_sad;
+    }
+
+    if (this_mode != NEARESTMV &&
+        frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int ==
+            frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frame].as_int)
+      continue;
+
+    mbmi->mode = this_mode;
+    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int;
+
+    // Search for the best prediction filter type, when the resulting
+    // motion vector is at sub-pixel accuracy level for luma component, i.e.,
+    // the last three bits are all zeros.
+    if (reuse_inter_pred) {
+      if (!this_mode_pred) {
+        this_mode_pred = &tmp[3];
+      } else {
+        this_mode_pred = &tmp[get_pred_buffer(tmp, 3)];
+        pd->dst.buf = this_mode_pred->data;
+        pd->dst.stride = bw;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((this_mode == NEWMV || filter_ref == SWITCHABLE) && pred_filter_search
+        && (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME)
+        && (((mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row | mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col) & 0x07) != 0)) {
+      int pf_rate[3];
+      int64_t pf_dist[3];
+      unsigned int pf_var[3];
+      unsigned int pf_sse[3];
+      TX_SIZE pf_tx_size[3];
+      int64_t best_cost = INT64_MAX;
+      INTERP_FILTER best_filter = SWITCHABLE, filter;
+      PRED_BUFFER *current_pred = this_mode_pred;
+
+      for (filter = EIGHTTAP; filter <= EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH; ++filter) {
+        int64_t cost;
+        mbmi->interp_filter = filter;
+        vp9_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+        model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &pf_rate[filter], &pf_dist[filter],
+                          &pf_var[filter], &pf_sse[filter]);
+        pf_rate[filter] += vp9_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+        cost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, pf_rate[filter], pf_dist[filter]);
+        pf_tx_size[filter] = mbmi->tx_size;
+        if (cost < best_cost) {
+          best_filter = filter;
+          best_cost = cost;
+          skip_txfm = x->skip_txfm[0];
+
+          if (reuse_inter_pred) {
+            if (this_mode_pred != current_pred) {
+              free_pred_buffer(this_mode_pred);
+              this_mode_pred = current_pred;
+            }
+
+            if (filter < EIGHTTAP_SHARP) {
+              current_pred = &tmp[get_pred_buffer(tmp, 3)];
+              pd->dst.buf = current_pred->data;
+              pd->dst.stride = bw;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (reuse_inter_pred && this_mode_pred != current_pred)
+        free_pred_buffer(current_pred);
+
+      mbmi->interp_filter = best_filter;
+      mbmi->tx_size = pf_tx_size[best_filter];
+      this_rdc.rate = pf_rate[best_filter];
+      this_rdc.dist = pf_dist[best_filter];
+      var_y = pf_var[best_filter];
+      sse_y = pf_sse[best_filter];
+      x->skip_txfm[0] = skip_txfm;
+      if (reuse_inter_pred) {
+        pd->dst.buf = this_mode_pred->data;
+        pd->dst.stride = this_mode_pred->stride;
+      }
+    } else {
+      mbmi->interp_filter = (filter_ref == SWITCHABLE) ? EIGHTTAP : filter_ref;
+      vp9_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
+
+      // For large partition blocks, extra testing is done.
+      if (bsize > BLOCK_32X32 &&
+        !cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(xd->mi[0]->mbmi.segment_id) &&
+        cm->base_qindex) {
+        model_rd_for_sb_y_large(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc.rate,
+                                &this_rdc.dist, &var_y, &sse_y, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                &this_early_term);
+      } else {
+        model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc.rate, &this_rdc.dist,
+                          &var_y, &sse_y);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!this_early_term) {
+      this_sse = (int64_t)sse_y;
+      block_yrd(cpi, x, &this_rdc.rate, &this_rdc.dist, &is_skippable,
+                &this_sse, 0, bsize, MIN(mbmi->tx_size, TX_16X16));
+      x->skip_txfm[0] = is_skippable;
+      if (is_skippable) {
+        this_rdc.rate = vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+      } else {
+        if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist) <
+            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, 0, this_sse)) {
+          this_rdc.rate += vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 0);
+        } else {
+          this_rdc.rate = vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+          this_rdc.dist = this_sse;
+          x->skip_txfm[0] = 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE) {
+        if ((mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row | mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col) & 0x07)
+          this_rdc.rate += vp9_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this_rdc.rate += cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ?
+          vp9_get_switchable_rate(cpi, xd) : 0;
+      this_rdc.rate += vp9_cost_bit(vp9_get_skip_prob(cm, xd), 1);
+    }
+
+    if (x->color_sensitivity[0] || x->color_sensitivity[1]) {
+      int uv_rate = 0;
+      int64_t uv_dist = 0;
+      if (x->color_sensitivity[0])
+        vp9_build_inter_predictors_sbp(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, 1);
+      if (x->color_sensitivity[1])
+        vp9_build_inter_predictors_sbp(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, 2);
+      model_rd_for_sb_uv(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &uv_rate, &uv_dist,
+                         &var_y, &sse_y);
+      this_rdc.rate += uv_rate;
+      this_rdc.dist += uv_dist;
+    }
+
+    this_rdc.rate += rate_mv;
+    this_rdc.rate +=
+        cpi->inter_mode_cost[mbmi->mode_context[ref_frame]][INTER_OFFSET(
+            this_mode)];
+    this_rdc.rate += ref_frame_cost[ref_frame];
+    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+
+    // Skipping checking: test to see if this block can be reconstructed by
+    // prediction only.
+    if (cpi->allow_encode_breakout) {
+      encode_breakout_test(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, ref_frame, this_mode,
+                           var_y, sse_y, yv12_mb, &this_rdc.rate,
+                           &this_rdc.dist);
+      if (x->skip) {
+        this_rdc.rate += rate_mv;
+        this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, this_rdc.rate,
+                                 this_rdc.dist);
+      }
+    }
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
+    if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0)
+      vp9_denoiser_update_frame_stats(mbmi, sse_y, this_mode, ctx);
+#else
+    (void)ctx;
+#endif
+
+    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost || x->skip) {
+      best_rdc = this_rdc;
+      best_mode = this_mode;
+      best_pred_filter = mbmi->interp_filter;
+      best_tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
+      best_ref_frame = ref_frame;
+      best_mode_skip_txfm = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      best_early_term = this_early_term;
+
+      if (reuse_inter_pred) {
+        free_pred_buffer(best_pred);
+        best_pred = this_mode_pred;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (reuse_inter_pred)
+        free_pred_buffer(this_mode_pred);
+    }
+
+    if (x->skip)
+      break;
+
+    // If early termination flag is 1 and at least 2 modes are checked,
+    // the mode search is terminated.
+    if (best_early_term && idx > 0) {
+      x->skip = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  mbmi->mode          = best_mode;
+  mbmi->interp_filter = best_pred_filter;
+  mbmi->tx_size       = best_tx_size;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0]  = best_ref_frame;
+  mbmi->mv[0].as_int  = frame_mv[best_mode][best_ref_frame].as_int;
+  xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0].as_int = mbmi->mv[0].as_int;
+  x->skip_txfm[0] = best_mode_skip_txfm;
+
+  // Perform intra prediction search, if the best SAD is above a certain
+  // threshold.
+  if (best_rdc.rdcost == INT64_MAX ||
+      (!x->skip && best_rdc.rdcost > inter_mode_thresh &&
+       bsize <= cpi->sf.max_intra_bsize)) {
+    struct estimate_block_intra_args args = { cpi, x, DC_PRED, 0, 0 };
+    const TX_SIZE intra_tx_size =
+        MIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
+            tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[cpi->common.tx_mode]);
+    int i;
+    TX_SIZE best_intra_tx_size = TX_SIZES;
+
+    if (reuse_inter_pred && best_pred != NULL) {
+      if (best_pred->data == orig_dst.buf) {
+        this_mode_pred = &tmp[get_pred_buffer(tmp, 3)];
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        if (cm->use_highbitdepth)
+          vp9_highbd_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                                   this_mode_pred->data, this_mode_pred->stride,
+                                   NULL, 0, NULL, 0, bw, bh, xd->bd);
+        else
+          vp9_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                          this_mode_pred->data, this_mode_pred->stride,
+                          NULL, 0, NULL, 0, bw, bh);
+#else
+        vp9_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                          this_mode_pred->data, this_mode_pred->stride,
+                          NULL, 0, NULL, 0, bw, bh);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+        best_pred = this_mode_pred;
+      }
+    }
+    pd->dst = orig_dst;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      const PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = intra_mode_list[i];
+      THR_MODES mode_index = mode_idx[INTRA_FRAME][mode_offset(this_mode)];
+      int mode_rd_thresh = rd_threshes[mode_index];
+
+      if (!((1 << this_mode) & cpi->sf.intra_y_mode_bsize_mask[bsize]))
+        continue;
+
+      if (rd_less_than_thresh(best_rdc.rdcost, mode_rd_thresh,
+                              rd_thresh_freq_fact[mode_index]))
+        continue;
+
+      mbmi->mode = this_mode;
+      mbmi->ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
+      args.mode = this_mode;
+      args.rate = 0;
+      args.dist = 0;
+      mbmi->tx_size = intra_tx_size;
+      vp9_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, bsize, 0,
+                                             estimate_block_intra, &args);
+      this_rdc.rate = args.rate;
+      this_rdc.dist = args.dist;
+      this_rdc.rate += cpi->mbmode_cost[this_mode];
+      this_rdc.rate += ref_frame_cost[INTRA_FRAME];
+      this_rdc.rate += intra_cost_penalty;
+      this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                               this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+
+      if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
+        best_rdc = this_rdc;
+        best_mode = this_mode;
+        best_intra_tx_size = mbmi->tx_size;
+        best_ref_frame = INTRA_FRAME;
+        mbmi->uv_mode = this_mode;
+        mbmi->mv[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+        best_mode_skip_txfm = x->skip_txfm[0];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Reset mb_mode_info to the best inter mode.
+    if (best_ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME) {
+      mbmi->tx_size = best_tx_size;
+    } else {
+      mbmi->tx_size = best_intra_tx_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  pd->dst = orig_dst;
+  mbmi->mode = best_mode;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = best_ref_frame;
+  x->skip_txfm[0] = best_mode_skip_txfm;
+
+  if (reuse_inter_pred && best_pred != NULL) {
+    if (best_pred->data != orig_dst.buf && is_inter_mode(mbmi->mode)) {
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+      if (cm->use_highbitdepth)
+        vp9_highbd_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                                 pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, NULL, 0,
+                                 NULL, 0, bw, bh, xd->bd);
+      else
+        vp9_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                          pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, NULL, 0,
+                          NULL, 0, bw, bh);
+#else
+      vp9_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
+                        pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, NULL, 0,
+                        NULL, 0, bw, bh);
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cpi->sf.adaptive_rd_thresh) {
+    THR_MODES best_mode_idx = mode_idx[best_ref_frame][mode_offset(mbmi->mode)];
+    PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
+
+    if (best_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
+      // Only consider the modes that are included in the intra_mode_list.
+      int intra_modes = sizeof(intra_mode_list)/sizeof(PREDICTION_MODE);
+      int i;
+
+      // TODO(yunqingwang): Check intra mode mask and only update freq_fact
+      // for those valid modes.
+      for (i = 0; i < intra_modes; i++) {
+        PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = intra_mode_list[i];
+        update_thresh_freq_fact(cpi, tile_data, bsize, INTRA_FRAME,
+                                best_mode_idx, this_mode);
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= GOLDEN_FRAME; ++ref_frame) {
+        if (best_ref_frame != ref_frame) continue;
+        for (this_mode = NEARESTMV; this_mode <= NEWMV; ++this_mode) {
+          update_thresh_freq_fact(cpi, tile_data, bsize, ref_frame,
+                                  best_mode_idx, this_mode);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *rd_cost = best_rdc;
+}
+
+void vp9_pick_inter_mode_sub8x8(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
+                                TileDataEnc *tile_data,
+                                int mi_row, int mi_col, RD_COST *rd_cost,
+                                BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
+  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
+  TileInfo *const tile_info = &tile_data->tile_info;
+  SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
+  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
+  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mi[0]->mbmi;
+  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, second_ref_frame = NONE;
+  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME best_ref_frame = NONE;
+  unsigned char segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
+  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[4][MAX_MB_PLANE];
+  static const int flag_list[4] = { 0, VP9_LAST_FLAG, VP9_GOLD_FLAG,
+                                    VP9_ALT_FLAG };
+  int64_t best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+  b_mode_info bsi[MAX_REF_FRAMES][4];
+  int ref_frame_skip_mask = 0;
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_wide = num_4x4_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
+  const int num_4x4_blocks_high = num_4x4_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
+  int idx, idy;
+
+  x->skip_encode = sf->skip_encode_frame && x->q_index < QIDX_SKIP_THRESH;
+  ctx->pred_pixel_ready = 0;
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= GOLDEN_FRAME; ++ref_frame) {
+    const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, ref_frame);
+    int_mv dummy_mv[2];
+    x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
+
+    if ((cpi->ref_frame_flags & flag_list[ref_frame]) && (yv12 != NULL)) {
+      int_mv *const candidates = mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame];
+      const struct scale_factors *const sf =
+                             &cm->frame_refs[ref_frame - 1].sf;
+      vp9_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb[ref_frame], yv12, mi_row, mi_col,
+                           sf, sf);
+      vp9_find_mv_refs(cm, xd, tile_info, xd->mi[0], ref_frame,
+                       candidates, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, NULL);
+
+      vp9_find_best_ref_mvs(xd, cm->allow_high_precision_mv, candidates,
+                            &dummy_mv[0], &dummy_mv[1]);
+    } else {
+      ref_frame_skip_mask |= (1 << ref_frame);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mbmi->sb_type = bsize;
+  mbmi->tx_size = TX_4X4;
+  mbmi->uv_mode = DC_PRED;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = NONE;
+  mbmi->interp_filter = cm->interp_filter == SWITCHABLE ? EIGHTTAP
+                                                        : cm->interp_filter;
+
+  for (ref_frame = LAST_FRAME; ref_frame <= GOLDEN_FRAME; ++ref_frame) {
+    int64_t this_rd = 0;
+    int plane;
+
+    if (ref_frame_skip_mask & (1 << ref_frame))
+      continue;
+
+    // TODO(jingning, agrange): Scaling reference frame not supported for
+    // sub8x8 blocks. Is this supported now?
+    if (ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME &&
+        vp9_is_scaled(&cm->frame_refs[ref_frame - 1].sf))
+      continue;
+
+    // If the segment reference frame feature is enabled....
+    // then do nothing if the current ref frame is not allowed..
+    if (vp9_segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
+        vp9_get_segdata(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) != (int)ref_frame)
+      continue;
+
+    mbmi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
+    x->skip = 0;
+    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, second_ref_frame);
+
+    // Select prediction reference frames.
+    for (plane = 0; plane < MAX_MB_PLANE; plane++)
+      xd->plane[plane].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][plane];
+
+    for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_blocks_high) {
+      for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_blocks_wide) {
+        int_mv b_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT];
+        int64_t b_best_rd = INT64_MAX;
+        const int i = idy * 2 + idx;
+        PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
+        RD_COST this_rdc;
+        unsigned int var_y, sse_y;
+
+        struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[0];
+        struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[0];
+
+        const struct buf_2d orig_src = p->src;
+        const struct buf_2d orig_dst = pd->dst;
+        struct buf_2d orig_pre[2];
+        memcpy(orig_pre, xd->plane[0].pre, sizeof(orig_pre));
+
+        // set buffer pointers for sub8x8 motion search.
+        p->src.buf =
+            &p->src.buf[vp9_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, p->src.stride)];
+        pd->dst.buf =
+            &pd->dst.buf[vp9_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8, i, pd->dst.stride)];
+        pd->pre[0].buf =
+            &pd->pre[0].buf[vp9_raster_block_offset(BLOCK_8X8,
+                                                    i, pd->pre[0].stride)];
+
+        b_mv[ZEROMV].as_int = 0;
+        b_mv[NEWMV].as_int = INVALID_MV;
+        vp9_append_sub8x8_mvs_for_idx(cm, xd, tile_info, i, 0, mi_row, mi_col,
+                                      &b_mv[NEARESTMV],
+                                      &b_mv[NEARMV]);
+
+        for (this_mode = NEARESTMV; this_mode <= NEWMV; ++this_mode) {
+          int b_rate = 0;
+          xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_int = b_mv[this_mode].as_int;
+
+          if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
+            const int step_param = cpi->sf.mv.fullpel_search_step_param;
+            MV mvp_full;
+            MV tmp_mv;
+            int cost_list[5];
+            const int tmp_col_min = x->mv_col_min;
+            const int tmp_col_max = x->mv_col_max;
+            const int tmp_row_min = x->mv_row_min;
+            const int tmp_row_max = x->mv_row_max;
+            int dummy_dist;
+
+            if (i == 0) {
+              mvp_full.row = b_mv[NEARESTMV].as_mv.row >> 3;
+              mvp_full.col = b_mv[NEARESTMV].as_mv.col >> 3;
+            } else {
+              mvp_full.row = xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0].as_mv.row >> 3;
+              mvp_full.col = xd->mi[0]->bmi[0].as_mv[0].as_mv.col >> 3;
+            }
+
+            vp9_set_mv_search_range(x, &mbmi->ref_mvs[0]->as_mv);
+
+            vp9_full_pixel_search(
+                cpi, x, bsize, &mvp_full, step_param, x->sadperbit4,
+                cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                &mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0].as_mv, &tmp_mv,
+                INT_MAX, 0);
+
+            x->mv_col_min = tmp_col_min;
+            x->mv_col_max = tmp_col_max;
+            x->mv_row_min = tmp_row_min;
+            x->mv_row_max = tmp_row_max;
+
+            // calculate the bit cost on motion vector
+            mvp_full.row = tmp_mv.row * 8;
+            mvp_full.col = tmp_mv.col * 8;
+
+            b_rate += vp9_mv_bit_cost(&mvp_full,
+                                      &mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0].as_mv,
+                                      x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                                      MV_COST_WEIGHT);
+
+            b_rate += cpi->inter_mode_cost[mbmi->mode_context[ref_frame]]
+                                          [INTER_OFFSET(NEWMV)];
+            if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, b_rate, 0) > b_best_rd)
+              continue;
+
+            cpi->find_fractional_mv_step(x, &tmp_mv,
+                                         &mbmi->ref_mvs[ref_frame][0].as_mv,
+                                         cpi->common.allow_high_precision_mv,
+                                         x->errorperbit,
+                                         &cpi->fn_ptr[bsize],
+                                         cpi->sf.mv.subpel_force_stop,
+                                         cpi->sf.mv.subpel_iters_per_step,
+                                         cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list),
+                                         x->nmvjointcost, x->mvcost,
+                                         &dummy_dist,
+                                         &x->pred_sse[ref_frame], NULL, 0, 0);
+
+            xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_mv = tmp_mv;
+          } else {
+            b_rate += cpi->inter_mode_cost[mbmi->mode_context[ref_frame]]
+                                          [INTER_OFFSET(this_mode)];
+          }
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
+            vp9_highbd_build_inter_predictor(pd->pre[0].buf, pd->pre[0].stride,
+                                    pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
+                                    &xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_mv,
+                                    &xd->block_refs[0]->sf,
+                                    4 * num_4x4_blocks_wide,
+                                    4 * num_4x4_blocks_high, 0,
+                                    vp9_get_interp_kernel(mbmi->interp_filter),
+                                    MV_PRECISION_Q3,
+                                    mi_col * MI_SIZE + 4 * (i & 0x01),
+                                    mi_row * MI_SIZE + 4 * (i >> 1), xd->bd);
+          } else {
+#endif
+            vp9_build_inter_predictor(pd->pre[0].buf, pd->pre[0].stride,
+                                     pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
+                                     &xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_mv,
+                                     &xd->block_refs[0]->sf,
+                                     4 * num_4x4_blocks_wide,
+                                     4 * num_4x4_blocks_high, 0,
+                                     vp9_get_interp_kernel(mbmi->interp_filter),
+                                     MV_PRECISION_Q3,
+                                     mi_col * MI_SIZE + 4 * (i & 0x01),
+                                     mi_row * MI_SIZE + 4 * (i >> 1));
+
+#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
+          }
+#endif
+
+          model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc.rate, &this_rdc.dist,
+                            &var_y, &sse_y);
+
+          this_rdc.rate += b_rate;
+          this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv,
+                                   this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
+          if (this_rdc.rdcost < b_best_rd) {
+            b_best_rd = this_rdc.rdcost;
+            bsi[ref_frame][i].as_mode = this_mode;
+            bsi[ref_frame][i].as_mv[0].as_mv = xd->mi[0]->bmi[i].as_mv[0].as_mv;
+          }
+        }  // mode search
+
+        // restore source and prediction buffer pointers.
+        p->src = orig_src;
+        pd->pre[0] = orig_pre[0];
+        pd->dst = orig_dst;
+        this_rd += b_best_rd;
+
+        xd->mi[0]->bmi[i] = bsi[ref_frame][i];
+        if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+          xd->mi[0]->bmi[i + 1] = xd->mi[0]->bmi[i];
+        if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+          xd->mi[0]->bmi[i + 2] = xd->mi[0]->bmi[i];
+      }
+    }  // loop through sub8x8 blocks
+
+    if (this_rd < best_rd) {
+      best_rd = this_rd;
+      best_ref_frame = ref_frame;
+    }
+  }  // reference frames
+
+  mbmi->tx_size = TX_4X4;
+  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = best_ref_frame;
+  for (idy = 0; idy < 2; idy += num_4x4_blocks_high) {
+    for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx += num_4x4_blocks_wide) {
+      const int block = idy * 2 + idx;
+      xd->mi[0]->bmi[block] = bsi[best_ref_frame][block];
+      if (num_4x4_blocks_wide > 1)
+        xd->mi[0]->bmi[block + 1] = bsi[best_ref_frame][block];
+      if (num_4x4_blocks_high > 1)
+        xd->mi[0]->bmi[block + 2] = bsi[best_ref_frame][block];
+    }
+  }
+  mbmi->mode = xd->mi[0]->bmi[3].as_mode;
+  ctx->mic = *(xd->mi[0]);
+  ctx->skip_txfm[0] = 0;
+  ctx->skip = 0;
+  // Dummy assignment for speed -5. No effect in speed -6.
+  rd_cost->rdcost = best_rd;
+}