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| -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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| -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
| -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>codecvt</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0" /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , codecvt " /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , library " /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="facets.html" title="Chapter 15. Facets aka Categories" /><link rel="prev" href="facets.html" title="Chapter 15. Facets aka Categories" /><link rel="next" href="messages.html" title="messages" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">codecvt</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="facets.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 15. Facets aka Categories</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="messages.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.localization.facet.codecvt"></a>codecvt</h2></div></div></div><p>
|
| -The standard class codecvt attempts to address conversions between
|
| -different character encoding schemes. In particular, the standard
|
| -attempts to detail conversions between the implementation-defined wide
|
| -characters (hereafter referred to as wchar_t) and the standard type
|
| -char that is so beloved in classic “<span class="quote">C</span>” (which can now be
|
| -referred to as narrow characters.) This document attempts to describe
|
| -how the GNU libstdc++ implementation deals with the conversion between
|
| -wide and narrow characters, and also presents a framework for dealing
|
| -with the huge number of other encodings that iconv can convert,
|
| -including Unicode and UTF8. Design issues and requirements are
|
| -addressed, and examples of correct usage for both the required
|
| -specializations for wide and narrow characters and the
|
| -implementation-provided extended functionality are given.
|
| -</p><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.req"></a>Requirements</h3></div></div></div><p>
|
| -Around page 425 of the C++ Standard, this charming heading comes into view:
|
| -</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
|
| -22.2.1.5 - Template class codecvt
|
| -</p></blockquote></div><p>
|
| -The text around the codecvt definition gives some clues:
|
| -</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
|
| -<span class="emphasis"><em>
|
| --1- The class codecvt<internT,externT,stateT> is for use when
|
| -converting from one codeset to another, such as from wide characters
|
| -to multibyte characters, between wide character encodings such as
|
| -Unicode and EUC.
|
| -</em></span>
|
| -</p></blockquote></div><p>
|
| -Hmm. So, in some unspecified way, Unicode encodings and
|
| -translations between other character sets should be handled by this
|
| -class.
|
| -</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
|
| -<span class="emphasis"><em>
|
| --2- The stateT argument selects the pair of codesets being mapped between.
|
| -</em></span>
|
| -</p></blockquote></div><p>
|
| -Ah ha! Another clue...
|
| -</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
|
| -<span class="emphasis"><em>
|
| --3- The instantiations required in the Table ??
|
| -(lib.locale.category), namely codecvt<wchar_t,char,mbstate_t> and
|
| -codecvt<char,char,mbstate_t>, convert the implementation-defined
|
| -native character set. codecvt<char,char,mbstate_t> implements a
|
| -degenerate conversion; it does not convert at
|
| -all. codecvt<wchar_t,char,mbstate_t> converts between the native
|
| -character sets for tiny and wide characters. Instantiations on
|
| -mbstate_t perform conversion between encodings known to the library
|
| -implementor. Other encodings can be converted by specializing on a
|
| -user-defined stateT type. The stateT object can contain any state that
|
| -is useful to communicate to or from the specialized do_convert member.
|
| -</em></span>
|
| -</p></blockquote></div><p>
|
| -At this point, a couple points become clear:
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -One: The standard clearly implies that attempts to add non-required
|
| -(yet useful and widely used) conversions need to do so through the
|
| -third template parameter, stateT.</p><p>
|
| -Two: The required conversions, by specifying mbstate_t as the third
|
| -template parameter, imply an implementation strategy that is mostly
|
| -(or wholly) based on the underlying C library, and the functions
|
| -mcsrtombs and wcsrtombs in particular.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.design"></a>Design</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"></a><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</h4></div></div></div><p>
|
| - The simple implementation detail of wchar_t's size seems to
|
| - repeatedly confound people. Many systems use a two byte,
|
| - unsigned integral type to represent wide characters, and use an
|
| - internal encoding of Unicode or UCS2. (See AIX, Microsoft NT,
|
| - Java, others.) Other systems, use a four byte, unsigned integral
|
| - type to represent wide characters, and use an internal encoding
|
| - of UCS4. (GNU/Linux systems using glibc, in particular.) The C
|
| - programming language (and thus C++) does not specify a specific
|
| - size for the type wchar_t.
|
| - </p><p>
|
| - Thus, portable C++ code cannot assume a byte size (or endianness) either.
|
| - </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="codecvt.design.unicode"></a>Support for Unicode</h4></div></div></div><p>
|
| - Probably the most frequently asked question about code conversion
|
| - is: "So dudes, what's the deal with Unicode strings?"
|
| - The dude part is optional, but apparently the usefulness of
|
| - Unicode strings is pretty widely appreciated. Sadly, this specific
|
| - encoding (And other useful encodings like UTF8, UCS4, ISO 8859-10,
|
| - etc etc etc) are not mentioned in the C++ standard.
|
| - </p><p>
|
| - A couple of comments:
|
| - </p><p>
|
| - The thought that all one needs to convert between two arbitrary
|
| - codesets is two types and some kind of state argument is
|
| - unfortunate. In particular, encodings may be stateless. The naming
|
| - of the third parameter as stateT is unfortunate, as what is really
|
| - needed is some kind of generalized type that accounts for the
|
| - issues that abstract encodings will need. The minimum information
|
| - that is required includes:
|
| - </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
|
| - Identifiers for each of the codesets involved in the
|
| - conversion. For example, using the iconv family of functions
|
| - from the Single Unix Specification (what used to be called
|
| - X/Open) hosted on the GNU/Linux operating system allows
|
| - bi-directional mapping between far more than the following
|
| - tantalizing possibilities:
|
| - </p><p>
|
| - (An edited list taken from <code class="code">`iconv --list`</code> on a
|
| - Red Hat 6.2/Intel system:
|
| - </p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><pre class="programlisting">
|
| -8859_1, 8859_9, 10646-1:1993, 10646-1:1993/UCS4, ARABIC, ARABIC7,
|
| -ASCII, EUC-CN, EUC-JP, EUC-KR, EUC-TW, GREEK-CCIcode, GREEK, GREEK7-OLD,
|
| -GREEK7, GREEK8, HEBREW, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-2, ISO-8859-3,
|
| -ISO-8859-4, ISO-8859-5, ISO-8859-6, ISO-8859-7, ISO-8859-8,
|
| -ISO-8859-9, ISO-8859-10, ISO-8859-11, ISO-8859-13, ISO-8859-14,
|
| -ISO-8859-15, ISO-10646, ISO-10646/UCS2, ISO-10646/UCS4,
|
| -ISO-10646/UTF-8, ISO-10646/UTF8, SHIFT-JIS, SHIFT_JIS, UCS-2, UCS-4,
|
| -UCS2, UCS4, UNICODE, UNICODEBIG, UNICODELIcodeLE, US-ASCII, US, UTF-8,
|
| -UTF-16, UTF8, UTF16).
|
| -</pre></blockquote></div><p>
|
| -For iconv-based implementations, string literals for each of the
|
| -encodings (i.e. "UCS-2" and "UTF-8") are necessary,
|
| -although for other,
|
| -non-iconv implementations a table of enumerated values or some other
|
| -mechanism may be required.
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Maximum length of the identifying string literal.
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Some encodings require explicit endian-ness. As such, some kind
|
| - of endian marker or other byte-order marker will be necessary. See
|
| - "Footnotes for C/C++ developers" in Haible for more information on
|
| - UCS-2/Unicode endian issues. (Summary: big endian seems most likely,
|
| - however implementations, most notably Microsoft, vary.)
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Types representing the conversion state, for conversions involving
|
| - the machinery in the "C" library, or the conversion descriptor, for
|
| - conversions using iconv (such as the type iconv_t.) Note that the
|
| - conversion descriptor encodes more information than a simple encoding
|
| - state type.
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Conversion descriptors for both directions of encoding. (i.e., both
|
| - UCS-2 to UTF-8 and UTF-8 to UCS-2.)
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Something to indicate if the conversion requested if valid.
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Something to represent if the conversion descriptors are valid.
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - Some way to enforce strict type checking on the internal and
|
| - external types. As part of this, the size of the internal and
|
| - external types will need to be known.
|
| -</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="codecvt.design.issues"></a>Other Issues</h4></div></div></div><p>
|
| -In addition, multi-threaded and multi-locale environments also impact
|
| -the design and requirements for code conversions. In particular, they
|
| -affect the required specialization codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
|
| -when implemented using standard "C" functions.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Three problems arise, one big, one of medium importance, and one small.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -First, the small: mcsrtombs and wcsrtombs may not be multithread-safe
|
| -on all systems required by the GNU tools. For GNU/Linux and glibc,
|
| -this is not an issue.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Of medium concern, in the grand scope of things, is that the functions
|
| -used to implement this specialization work on null-terminated
|
| -strings. Buffers, especially file buffers, may not be null-terminated,
|
| -thus giving conversions that end prematurely or are otherwise
|
| -incorrect. Yikes!
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -The last, and fundamental problem, is the assumption of a global
|
| -locale for all the "C" functions referenced above. For something like
|
| -C++ iostreams (where codecvt is explicitly used) the notion of
|
| -multiple locales is fundamental. In practice, most users may not run
|
| -into this limitation. However, as a quality of implementation issue,
|
| -the GNU C++ library would like to offer a solution that allows
|
| -multiple locales and or simultaneous usage with computationally
|
| -correct results. In short, libstdc++ is trying to offer, as an
|
| -option, a high-quality implementation, damn the additional complexity!
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -For the required specialization codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> ,
|
| -conversions are made between the internal character set (always UCS4
|
| -on GNU/Linux) and whatever the currently selected locale for the
|
| -LC_CTYPE category implements.
|
| -</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.impl"></a>Implementation</h3></div></div></div><p>
|
| -The two required specializations are implemented as follows:
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -This is a degenerate (i.e., does nothing) specialization. Implementing
|
| -this was a piece of cake.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -codecvt<char, wchar_t, mbstate_t>
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -This specialization, by specifying all the template parameters, pretty
|
| -much ties the hands of implementors. As such, the implementation is
|
| -straightforward, involving mcsrtombs for the conversions between char
|
| -to wchar_t and wcsrtombs for conversions between wchar_t and char.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Neither of these two required specializations deals with Unicode
|
| -characters. As such, libstdc++ implements a partial specialization
|
| -of the codecvt class with and iconv wrapper class, encoding_state as the
|
| -third template parameter.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -This implementation should be standards conformant. First of all, the
|
| -standard explicitly points out that instantiations on the third
|
| -template parameter, stateT, are the proper way to implement
|
| -non-required conversions. Second of all, the standard says (in Chapter
|
| -17) that partial specializations of required classes are a-ok. Third
|
| -of all, the requirements for the stateT type elsewhere in the standard
|
| -(see 21.1.2 traits typedefs) only indicate that this type be copy
|
| -constructible.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -As such, the type encoding_state is defined as a non-templatized, POD
|
| -type to be used as the third type of a codecvt instantiation. This
|
| -type is just a wrapper class for iconv, and provides an easy interface
|
| -to iconv functionality.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -There are two constructors for encoding_state:
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -encoding_state() : __in_desc(0), __out_desc(0)
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -This default constructor sets the internal encoding to some default
|
| -(currently UCS4) and the external encoding to whatever is returned by
|
| -nl_langinfo(CODESET).
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -encoding_state(const char* __int, const char* __ext)
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -This constructor takes as parameters string literals that indicate the
|
| -desired internal and external encoding. There are no defaults for
|
| -either argument.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -One of the issues with iconv is that the string literals identifying
|
| -conversions are not standardized. Because of this, the thought of
|
| -mandating and or enforcing some set of pre-determined valid
|
| -identifiers seems iffy: thus, a more practical (and non-migraine
|
| -inducing) strategy was implemented: end-users can specify any string
|
| -(subject to a pre-determined length qualifier, currently 32 bytes) for
|
| -encodings. It is up to the user to make sure that these strings are
|
| -valid on the target system.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -void
|
| -_M_init()
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Strangely enough, this member function attempts to open conversion
|
| -descriptors for a given encoding_state object. If the conversion
|
| -descriptors are not valid, the conversion descriptors returned will
|
| -not be valid and the resulting calls to the codecvt conversion
|
| -functions will return error.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -bool
|
| -_M_good()
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Provides a way to see if the given encoding_state object has been
|
| -properly initialized. If the string literals describing the desired
|
| -internal and external encoding are not valid, initialization will
|
| -fail, and this will return false. If the internal and external
|
| -encodings are valid, but iconv_open could not allocate conversion
|
| -descriptors, this will also return false. Otherwise, the object is
|
| -ready to convert and will return true.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -<code class="code">
|
| -encoding_state(const encoding_state&)
|
| -</code>
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -As iconv allocates memory and sets up conversion descriptors, the copy
|
| -constructor can only copy the member data pertaining to the internal
|
| -and external code conversions, and not the conversion descriptors
|
| -themselves.
|
| -</p><p>
|
| -Definitions for all the required codecvt member functions are provided
|
| -for this specialization, and usage of codecvt<internal character type,
|
| -external character type, encoding_state> is consistent with other
|
| -codecvt usage.
|
| -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.use"></a>Use</h3></div></div></div><p>A conversions involving string literal.</p><pre class="programlisting">
|
| - typedef codecvt_base::result result;
|
| - typedef unsigned short unicode_t;
|
| - typedef unicode_t int_type;
|
| - typedef char ext_type;
|
| - typedef encoding_state state_type;
|
| - typedef codecvt<int_type, ext_type, state_type> unicode_codecvt;
|
| -
|
| - const ext_type* e_lit = "black pearl jasmine tea";
|
| - int size = strlen(e_lit);
|
| - int_type i_lit_base[24] =
|
| - { 25088, 27648, 24832, 25344, 27392, 8192, 28672, 25856, 24832, 29184,
|
| - 27648, 8192, 27136, 24832, 29440, 27904, 26880, 28160, 25856, 8192, 29696,
|
| - 25856, 24832, 2560
|
| - };
|
| - const int_type* i_lit = i_lit_base;
|
| - const ext_type* efrom_next;
|
| - const int_type* ifrom_next;
|
| - ext_type* e_arr = new ext_type[size + 1];
|
| - ext_type* eto_next;
|
| - int_type* i_arr = new int_type[size + 1];
|
| - int_type* ito_next;
|
| -
|
| - // construct a locale object with the specialized facet.
|
| - locale loc(locale::classic(), new unicode_codecvt);
|
| - // sanity check the constructed locale has the specialized facet.
|
| - VERIFY( has_facet<unicode_codecvt>(loc) );
|
| - const unicode_codecvt& cvt = use_facet<unicode_codecvt>(loc);
|
| - // convert between const char* and unicode strings
|
| - unicode_codecvt::state_type state01("UNICODE", "ISO_8859-1");
|
| - initialize_state(state01);
|
| - result r1 = cvt.in(state01, e_lit, e_lit + size, efrom_next,
|
| - i_arr, i_arr + size, ito_next);
|
| - VERIFY( r1 == codecvt_base::ok );
|
| - VERIFY( !int_traits::compare(i_arr, i_lit, size) );
|
| - VERIFY( efrom_next == e_lit + size );
|
| - VERIFY( ito_next == i_arr + size );
|
| -</pre></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.future"></a>Future</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
|
| - a. things that are sketchy, or remain unimplemented:
|
| - do_encoding, max_length and length member functions
|
| - are only weakly implemented. I have no idea how to do
|
| - this correctly, and in a generic manner. Nathan?
|
| -</p></li><li><p>
|
| - b. conversions involving std::string
|
| - </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>
|
| - how should operators != and == work for string of
|
| - different/same encoding?
|
| - </p></li><li><p>
|
| - what is equal? A byte by byte comparison or an
|
| - encoding then byte comparison?
|
| - </p></li><li><p>
|
| - conversions between narrow, wide, and unicode strings
|
| - </p></li></ul></div></li><li><p>
|
| - c. conversions involving std::filebuf and std::ostream
|
| -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>
|
| - how to initialize the state object in a
|
| - standards-conformant manner?
|
| - </p></li><li><p>
|
| - how to synchronize the "C" and "C++"
|
| - conversion information?
|
| - </p></li><li><p>
|
| - wchar_t/char internal buffers and conversions between
|
| - internal/external buffers?
|
| - </p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="facet.codecvt.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id415012"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - The GNU C Library
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Roland</span> <span class="surname">McGrath</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 FSF. </span><span class="pagenums">Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and Internationalization. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id514935"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - Correspondence
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ulrich</span> <span class="surname">Drepper</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id416284"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1998 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id416302"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999 ISO. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id459727"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - System Interface Definitions, Issue 6 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-200x)
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 1999
|
| - The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.. </span><span class="biblioid">
|
| - <a class="ulink" href="http://www.opennc.org/austin/docreg.html" target="_top">
|
| - </a>
|
| - . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id459755"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley, Inc.. </span><span class="pagenums">Appendix D. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
|
| - Addison Wesley
|
| - . </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id430786"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="subtitle">
|
| - Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
|
| - . </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
|
| - Addison Wesley Longman
|
| - . </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id407191"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - A brief description of Normative Addendum 1
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Clive</span> <span class="surname">Feather</span>. </span><span class="pagenums">Extended Character Sets. </span><span class="biblioid">
|
| - <a class="ulink" href="http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/na1.html" target="_top">
|
| - </a>
|
| - . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id394112"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
|
| - The Unicode HOWTO
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bruno</span> <span class="surname">Haible</span>. </span><span class="biblioid">
|
| - <a class="ulink" href="ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html" target="_top">
|
| - </a>
|
| - . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id394140"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
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| - UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
|
| - </i>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Markus</span> <span class="surname">Khun</span>. </span><span class="biblioid">
|
| - <a class="ulink" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html" target="_top">
|
| - </a>
|
| - . </span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="facets.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="facets.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="messages.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 15. Facets aka Categories </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> messages</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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Chromium Code Reviews
Issue 3050029:
[gcc] GCC 4.5.0=>4.5.1 (Closed)
Base URL: ssh://git@gitrw.chromium.org:9222/nacl-toolchain.git