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| 1 # Copyright (c) 2011 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. | |
| 2 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be | |
| 3 # found in the LICENSE file. | |
| 4 | |
| 5 """Provides utility functions for TCP/UDP echo servers and clients. | |
| 6 | |
| 7 This program has classes and functions to encode, decode, calculate checksum | |
| 8 and verify the "echo request" and "echo response" messages. "echo request" | |
| 9 message is an echo message sent from the client to the server. "echo response" | |
| 10 message is a response from the server to the "echo request" message from the | |
| 11 client. | |
| 12 | |
| 13 The format of "echo request" message is | |
| 14 <version><checksum><payload_size><payload>. <version> is the version number | |
| 15 of the "echo request" protocol. <checksum> is the checksum of the <payload>. | |
| 16 <payload_size> is the size of the <payload>. <payload> is the echo message. | |
| 17 | |
| 18 The format of "echo response" message is | |
| 19 <version><checksum><payload_size><key><encoded_payload>.<version>, | |
| 20 <checksum> and <payload_size> are same as what is in the "echo request" message. | |
| 21 <encoded_payload> is encoded version of the <payload>. <key> is a randomly | |
| 22 generated key that is used to encode/decode the <payload>. | |
| 23 """ | |
| 24 | |
| 25 __author__ = 'rtenneti@google.com (Raman Tenneti)' | |
| 26 | |
| 27 | |
| 28 from itertools import cycle | |
| 29 from itertools import izip | |
| 30 import random | |
| 31 | |
| 32 | |
| 33 class EchoHeader(object): | |
| 34 """Class to keep header info of the EchoRequest and EchoResponse messages. | |
| 35 | |
| 36 This class knows how to parse the checksum, payload_size from the | |
| 37 "echo request" and "echo response" messages. It holds the checksum, | |
| 38 payload_size of the "echo request" and "echo response" messages. | |
| 39 """ | |
| 40 | |
| 41 # This specifies the version. | |
| 42 VERSION_STRING = '01' | |
| 43 | |
| 44 # This specifies the starting position of the checksum and length of the | |
| 45 # checksum. Maximum value for the checksum is less than (2 ** 31 - 1). | |
| 46 CHECKSUM_START = 2 | |
| 47 CHECKSUM_LENGTH = 10 | |
| 48 CHECKSUM_FORMAT = '%010d' | |
| 49 CHECKSUM_END = CHECKSUM_START + CHECKSUM_LENGTH | |
| 50 | |
| 51 # This specifies the starting position of the <payload_size> and length of the | |
| 52 # <payload_size>. Maximum number of bytes that can be sent in the <payload> is | |
| 53 # 9,999,999. | |
| 54 PAYLOAD_SIZE_START = CHECKSUM_END | |
| 55 PAYLOAD_SIZE_LENGTH = 7 | |
| 56 PAYLOAD_SIZE_FORMAT = '%07d' | |
| 57 PAYLOAD_SIZE_END = PAYLOAD_SIZE_START + PAYLOAD_SIZE_LENGTH | |
| 58 | |
| 59 def __init__(self, checksum=0, payload_size=0): | |
| 60 """Initializes the checksum and payload_size of self (EchoHeader). | |
| 61 | |
| 62 Args: | |
| 63 checksum: (int) | |
| 64 The checksum of the payload. | |
| 65 payload_size: (int) | |
| 66 The size of the payload. | |
| 67 """ | |
| 68 self.checksum = checksum | |
| 69 self.payload_size = payload_size | |
| 70 | |
| 71 def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_message): | |
| 72 """Parses the echo_message and initializes self with the parsed data. | |
| 73 | |
| 74 This method extracts checksum, and payload_size from the echo_message | |
| 75 (echo_message could be either echo_request or echo_response messages) and | |
| 76 initializes self (EchoHeader) with checksum and payload_size. | |
| 77 | |
| 78 Args: | |
| 79 echo_message: (string) | |
| 80 The string representation of EchoRequest or EchoResponse objects. | |
| 81 Raises: | |
| 82 ValueError: Invalid data | |
| 83 """ | |
| 84 if not echo_message or len(echo_message) < EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END: | |
| 85 raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % echo_message) | |
| 86 self.checksum = int(echo_message[ | |
| 87 EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_START:EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_END]) | |
| 88 self.payload_size = int(echo_message[ | |
| 89 EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_START:EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END]) | |
| 90 | |
| 91 def InitializeFromPayload(self, payload): | |
| 92 """Initializes the EchoHeader object with the payload. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 It calculates checksum for the payload and initializes self (EchoHeader) | |
| 95 with the calculated checksum and size of the payload. | |
| 96 | |
| 97 This method is used by the client code during testing. | |
| 98 | |
| 99 Args: | |
| 100 payload: (string) | |
| 101 The payload is the echo string (like 'hello'). | |
| 102 Raises: | |
| 103 ValueError: Invalid data | |
| 104 """ | |
| 105 if not payload: | |
| 106 raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % payload) | |
| 107 self.payload_size = len(payload) | |
| 108 self.checksum = Checksum(payload, self.payload_size) | |
| 109 | |
| 110 def __str__(self): | |
| 111 """String representation of the self (EchoHeader). | |
| 112 | |
| 113 Returns: | |
| 114 A string representation of self (EchoHeader). | |
| 115 """ | |
| 116 checksum_string = EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_FORMAT % self.checksum | |
| 117 payload_size_string = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_FORMAT % self.payload_size | |
| 118 return EchoHeader.VERSION_STRING + checksum_string + payload_size_string | |
| 119 | |
| 120 | |
| 121 class EchoRequest(EchoHeader): | |
| 122 """Class holds data specific to the "echo request" message. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 This class holds the payload extracted from the "echo request" message. | |
| 125 """ | |
| 126 | |
| 127 # This specifies the starting position of the <payload>. | |
| 128 PAYLOAD_START = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END | |
| 129 | |
| 130 def __init__(self): | |
| 131 """Initializes EchoRequest object.""" | |
| 132 EchoHeader.__init__(self) | |
| 133 self.payload = '' | |
| 134 | |
| 135 def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_request_data): | |
| 136 """Parses and Initializes the EchoRequest object from the echo_request_data. | |
| 137 | |
| 138 This method extracts the header information (checksum and payload_size) and | |
| 139 payload from echo_request_data. | |
| 140 | |
| 141 Args: | |
| 142 echo_request_data: (string) | |
| 143 The string representation of EchoRequest object. | |
| 144 Raises: | |
| 145 ValueError: Invalid data | |
| 146 """ | |
| 147 EchoHeader.ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_request_data) | |
| 148 if len(echo_request_data) <= EchoRequest.PAYLOAD_START: | |
| 149 raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % echo_request_data) | |
| 150 self.payload = echo_request_data[EchoRequest.PAYLOAD_START:] | |
| 151 | |
| 152 def InitializeFromPayload(self, payload): | |
| 153 """Initializes the EchoRequest object with payload. | |
| 154 | |
| 155 It calculates checksum for the payload and initializes self (EchoRequest) | |
| 156 object. | |
| 157 | |
| 158 Args: | |
| 159 payload: (string) | |
| 160 The payload string for which "echo request" needs to be constructed. | |
| 161 """ | |
| 162 EchoHeader.InitializeFromPayload(self, payload) | |
| 163 self.payload = payload | |
| 164 | |
| 165 def __str__(self): | |
| 166 """String representation of the self (EchoRequest). | |
| 167 | |
| 168 Returns: | |
| 169 A string representation of self (EchoRequest). | |
| 170 """ | |
| 171 return EchoHeader.__str__(self) + self.payload | |
| 172 | |
| 173 | |
| 174 class EchoResponse(EchoHeader): | |
| 175 """Class holds data specific to the "echo response" message. | |
| 176 | |
| 177 This class knows how to parse the "echo response" message. This class holds | |
| 178 key, encoded_payload and decoded_payload of the "echo response" message. | |
| 179 """ | |
| 180 | |
| 181 # This specifies the starting position of the |key_| and length of the |key_|. | |
| 182 # Minimum and maximum values for the |key_| are 100,000 and 999,999. | |
| 183 KEY_START = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END | |
| 184 KEY_LENGTH = 6 | |
| 185 KEY_FORMAT = '%06d' | |
| 186 KEY_END = KEY_START + KEY_LENGTH | |
| 187 KEY_MIN_VALUE = 0 | |
| 188 KEY_MAX_VALUE = 999999 | |
| 189 | |
| 190 # This specifies the starting position of the <encoded_payload> and length | |
| 191 # of the <encoded_payload>. | |
| 192 ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START = KEY_END | |
| 193 | |
| 194 def __init__(self, key='', encoded_payload='', decoded_payload=''): | |
| 195 """Initializes the EchoResponse object.""" | |
| 196 EchoHeader.__init__(self) | |
| 197 self.key = key | |
| 198 self.encoded_payload = encoded_payload | |
| 199 self.decoded_payload = decoded_payload | |
| 200 | |
| 201 def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_response_data=None): | |
| 202 """Parses and Initializes the EchoResponse object from echo_response_data. | |
| 203 | |
| 204 This method calls EchoHeader to extract header information from the | |
| 205 echo_response_data and it then extracts key and encoded_payload from the | |
| 206 echo_response_data. It holds the decoded payload of the encoded_payload. | |
| 207 | |
| 208 Args: | |
| 209 echo_response_data: (string) | |
| 210 The string representation of EchoResponse object. | |
| 211 Raises: | |
| 212 ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data | |
| 213 """ | |
| 214 EchoHeader.ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_response_data) | |
| 215 if len(echo_response_data) <= EchoResponse.ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START: | |
| 216 raise ValueError('Invalid echo_response_data:%s' % echo_response_data) | |
| 217 self.key = echo_response_data[EchoResponse.KEY_START:EchoResponse.KEY_END] | |
| 218 self.encoded_payload = echo_response_data[ | |
| 219 EchoResponse.ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START:] | |
| 220 self.decoded_payload = Crypt(self.encoded_payload, self.key) | |
| 221 | |
| 222 def InitializeFromEchoRequest(self, echo_request): | |
| 223 """Initializes EchoResponse with the data from the echo_request object. | |
| 224 | |
| 225 It gets the checksum, payload_size and payload from the echo_request object | |
| 226 and then encodes the payload with a random key. It also saves the payload | |
| 227 as decoded_payload. | |
| 228 | |
| 229 Args: | |
| 230 echo_request: (EchoRequest) | |
| 231 The EchoRequest object which has "echo request" message. | |
| 232 """ | |
| 233 self.checksum = echo_request.checksum | |
| 234 self.payload_size = echo_request.payload_size | |
| 235 self.key = (EchoResponse.KEY_FORMAT % | |
| 236 random.randrange(EchoResponse.KEY_MIN_VALUE, | |
| 237 EchoResponse.KEY_MAX_VALUE)) | |
| 238 self.encoded_payload = Crypt(echo_request.payload, self.key) | |
| 239 self.decoded_payload = echo_request.payload | |
| 240 | |
| 241 def __str__(self): | |
| 242 """String representation of the self (EchoResponse). | |
| 243 | |
| 244 Returns: | |
| 245 A string representation of self (EchoResponse). | |
| 246 """ | |
| 247 return EchoHeader.__str__(self) + self.key + self.encoded_payload | |
| 248 | |
| 249 | |
| 250 def Crypt(payload, key): | |
| 251 """Encodes/decodes the payload with the key and returns encoded payload. | |
| 252 | |
| 253 This method loops through the payload and XORs each byte with the key. | |
| 254 | |
| 255 Args: | |
| 256 payload: (string) | |
| 257 The string to be encoded/decoded. | |
| 258 key: (string) | |
| 259 The key used to encode/decode the payload. | |
| 260 | |
| 261 Returns: | |
| 262 An encoded/decoded string. | |
| 263 """ | |
| 264 return ''.join(chr(ord(x) ^ ord(y)) for (x, y) in izip(payload, cycle(key))) | |
| 265 | |
| 266 | |
| 267 def Checksum(payload, payload_size): | |
| 268 """Calculates the checksum of the payload. | |
| 269 | |
| 270 Args: | |
| 271 payload: (string) | |
| 272 The payload string for which checksum needs to be calculated. | |
| 273 payload_size: (int) | |
| 274 The number of bytes in the payload. | |
| 275 | |
| 276 Returns: | |
| 277 The checksum of the payload. | |
| 278 """ | |
| 279 checksum = 0 | |
| 280 length = min(payload_size, len(payload)) | |
| 281 for i in range (0, length): | |
| 282 checksum += ord(payload[i]) | |
| 283 return checksum | |
| 284 | |
| 285 | |
| 286 def GetEchoRequestData(payload): | |
| 287 """Constructs an "echo request" message from the payload. | |
| 288 | |
| 289 It builds an EchoRequest object from the payload and then returns a string | |
| 290 representation of the EchoRequest object. | |
| 291 | |
| 292 This is used by the TCP/UDP echo clients to build the "echo request" message. | |
| 293 | |
| 294 Args: | |
| 295 payload: (string) | |
| 296 The payload string for which "echo request" needs to be constructed. | |
| 297 | |
| 298 Returns: | |
| 299 A string representation of the EchoRequest object. | |
| 300 Raises: | |
| 301 ValueError: Invalid payload | |
| 302 """ | |
| 303 try: | |
| 304 echo_request = EchoRequest() | |
| 305 echo_request.InitializeFromPayload(payload) | |
| 306 return str(echo_request) | |
| 307 except (IndexError, ValueError): | |
| 308 raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % payload) | |
| 309 | |
| 310 | |
| 311 def GetEchoResponseData(echo_request_data): | |
| 312 """Verifies the echo_request_data and returns "echo response" message. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 It builds the EchoRequest object from the echo_request_data and then verifies | |
| 315 the checksum of the EchoRequest is same as the calculated checksum of the | |
| 316 payload. If the checksums don't match then it returns None. It checksums | |
| 317 match, it builds the echo_response object from echo_request object and returns | |
| 318 string representation of the EchoResponse object. | |
| 319 | |
| 320 This is used by the TCP/UDP echo servers. | |
| 321 | |
| 322 Args: | |
| 323 echo_request_data: (string) | |
| 324 The string that echo servers send to the clients. | |
| 325 | |
| 326 Returns: | |
| 327 A string representation of the EchoResponse object. It returns None if the | |
| 328 echo_request_data is not valid. | |
| 329 Raises: | |
| 330 ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data | |
| 331 """ | |
| 332 try: | |
| 333 if not echo_request_data: | |
| 334 raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % echo_request_data) | |
| 335 | |
| 336 echo_request = EchoRequest() | |
| 337 echo_request.ParseAndInitialize(echo_request_data) | |
| 338 | |
| 339 if Checksum(echo_request.payload, | |
| 340 echo_request.payload_size) != echo_request.checksum: | |
| 341 return None | |
| 342 | |
| 343 echo_response = EchoResponse() | |
| 344 echo_response.InitializeFromEchoRequest(echo_request) | |
| 345 | |
| 346 return str(echo_response) | |
| 347 except (IndexError, ValueError): | |
| 348 raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % echo_request_data) | |
| 349 | |
| 350 | |
| 351 def DecodeAndVerify(echo_request_data, echo_response_data): | |
| 352 """Decodes and verifies the echo_response_data. | |
| 353 | |
| 354 It builds EchoRequest and EchoResponse objects from the echo_request_data and | |
| 355 echo_response_data. It returns True if the EchoResponse's payload and | |
| 356 checksum match EchoRequest's. | |
| 357 | |
| 358 This is used by the TCP/UDP echo clients for testing purposes. | |
| 359 | |
| 360 Args: | |
| 361 echo_request_data: (string) | |
| 362 The request clients sent to echo servers. | |
| 363 echo_response_data: (string) | |
| 364 The response clients received from the echo servers. | |
| 365 | |
| 366 Returns: | |
| 367 True if echo_request_data and echo_response_data match. | |
| 368 Raises: | |
| 369 ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data or Invalid echo_response | |
| 370 """ | |
| 371 | |
| 372 try: | |
| 373 echo_request = EchoRequest() | |
| 374 echo_request.ParseAndInitialize(echo_request_data) | |
| 375 except (IndexError, ValueError): | |
| 376 raise ValueError('Invalid echo_request:%s' % echo_request_data) | |
| 377 | |
| 378 try: | |
| 379 echo_response = EchoResponse() | |
| 380 echo_response.ParseAndInitialize(echo_response_data) | |
| 381 except (IndexError, ValueError): | |
| 382 raise ValueError('Invalid echo_response:%s' % echo_response_data) | |
| 383 | |
| 384 return (echo_request.checksum == echo_response.checksum and | |
| 385 echo_request.payload == echo_response.decoded_payload) | |
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