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1 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. | |
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be | |
3 // found in the LICENSE file. | |
4 | |
5 #ifndef NET_HTTP_TRANSPORT_SECURITY_STATE_H_ | |
6 #define NET_HTTP_TRANSPORT_SECURITY_STATE_H_ | |
7 | |
8 #include <map> | |
9 #include <string> | |
10 #include <utility> | |
11 #include <vector> | |
12 | |
13 #include "base/basictypes.h" | |
14 #include "base/gtest_prod_util.h" | |
15 #include "base/threading/non_thread_safe.h" | |
16 #include "base/time/time.h" | |
17 #include "net/base/net_export.h" | |
18 #include "net/cert/x509_cert_types.h" | |
19 #include "net/cert/x509_certificate.h" | |
20 | |
21 namespace net { | |
22 | |
23 class SSLInfo; | |
24 | |
25 // Tracks which hosts have enabled strict transport security and/or public | |
26 // key pins. | |
27 // | |
28 // This object manages the in-memory store. Register a Delegate with | |
29 // |SetDelegate| to persist the state to disk. | |
30 // | |
31 // HTTP strict transport security (HSTS) is defined in | |
32 // http://tools.ietf.org/html/ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec, and | |
33 // HTTP-based dynamic public key pinning (HPKP) is defined in | |
34 // http://tools.ietf.org/html/ietf-websec-key-pinning. | |
35 class NET_EXPORT TransportSecurityState | |
36 : NON_EXPORTED_BASE(public base::NonThreadSafe) { | |
37 public: | |
38 class NET_EXPORT Delegate { | |
39 public: | |
40 // This function may not block and may be called with internal locks held. | |
41 // Thus it must not reenter the TransportSecurityState object. | |
42 virtual void StateIsDirty(TransportSecurityState* state) = 0; | |
43 | |
44 protected: | |
45 virtual ~Delegate() {} | |
46 }; | |
47 | |
48 TransportSecurityState(); | |
49 ~TransportSecurityState(); | |
50 | |
51 // A DomainState describes the transport security state (required upgrade | |
52 // to HTTPS, and/or any public key pins). | |
53 // | |
54 // TODO(davidben): STSState and PKPState are queried and processed | |
55 // independently (with the exception of ShouldSSLErrorsBeFatal triggering on | |
56 // both and on-disk storage). DomainState should be split into the two. | |
57 class NET_EXPORT DomainState { | |
58 public: | |
59 enum UpgradeMode { | |
60 // These numbers must match those in hsts_view.js, function modeToString. | |
61 MODE_FORCE_HTTPS = 0, | |
62 MODE_DEFAULT = 1, | |
63 }; | |
64 | |
65 DomainState(); | |
66 ~DomainState(); | |
67 | |
68 struct STSState { | |
69 STSState(); | |
70 ~STSState(); | |
71 | |
72 // The absolute time (UTC) when the |upgrade_mode| (and other state) was | |
73 // observed. | |
74 base::Time last_observed; | |
75 | |
76 // The absolute time (UTC) when the |upgrade_mode|, if set to | |
77 // MODE_FORCE_HTTPS, downgrades to MODE_DEFAULT. | |
78 base::Time expiry; | |
79 | |
80 UpgradeMode upgrade_mode; | |
81 | |
82 // Are subdomains subject to this policy state? | |
83 bool include_subdomains; | |
84 | |
85 // The domain which matched during a search for this DomainState entry. | |
86 // Updated by |GetDynamicDomainState| and |GetStaticDomainState|. | |
87 std::string domain; | |
88 }; | |
89 | |
90 struct PKPState { | |
91 PKPState(); | |
92 ~PKPState(); | |
93 | |
94 // The absolute time (UTC) when the |spki_hashes| (and other state) were | |
95 // observed. | |
96 base::Time last_observed; | |
97 | |
98 // The absolute time (UTC) when the |spki_hashes| expire. | |
99 base::Time expiry; | |
100 | |
101 // Optional; hashes of pinned SubjectPublicKeyInfos. | |
102 HashValueVector spki_hashes; | |
103 | |
104 // Optional; hashes of static known-bad SubjectPublicKeyInfos which MUST | |
105 // NOT intersect with the set of SPKIs in the TLS server's certificate | |
106 // chain. | |
107 HashValueVector bad_spki_hashes; | |
108 | |
109 // Are subdomains subject to this policy state? | |
110 bool include_subdomains; | |
111 | |
112 // The domain which matched during a search for this DomainState entry. | |
113 // Updated by |GetDynamicDomainState| and |GetStaticDomainState|. | |
114 std::string domain; | |
115 }; | |
116 | |
117 // Takes a set of SubjectPublicKeyInfo |hashes| and returns true if: | |
118 // 1) |bad_static_spki_hashes| does not intersect |hashes|; AND | |
119 // 2) Both |static_spki_hashes| and |dynamic_spki_hashes| are empty | |
120 // or at least one of them intersects |hashes|. | |
121 // | |
122 // |{dynamic,static}_spki_hashes| contain trustworthy public key hashes, | |
123 // any one of which is sufficient to validate the certificate chain in | |
124 // question. The public keys could be of a root CA, intermediate CA, or | |
125 // leaf certificate, depending on the security vs. disaster recovery | |
126 // tradeoff selected. (Pinning only to leaf certifiates increases | |
127 // security because you no longer trust any CAs, but it hampers disaster | |
128 // recovery because you can't just get a new certificate signed by the | |
129 // CA.) | |
130 // | |
131 // |bad_static_spki_hashes| contains public keys that we don't want to | |
132 // trust. | |
133 bool CheckPublicKeyPins(const HashValueVector& hashes, | |
134 std::string* failure_log) const; | |
135 | |
136 // Returns true if any of the HashValueVectors |static_spki_hashes|, | |
137 // |bad_static_spki_hashes|, or |dynamic_spki_hashes| contains any | |
138 // items. | |
139 bool HasPublicKeyPins() const; | |
140 | |
141 // ShouldUpgradeToSSL returns true iff HTTP requests should be internally | |
142 // redirected to HTTPS (also if WS should be upgraded to WSS). | |
143 bool ShouldUpgradeToSSL() const; | |
144 | |
145 // ShouldSSLErrorsBeFatal returns true iff HTTPS errors should cause | |
146 // hard-fail behavior (e.g. if HSTS is set for the domain). | |
147 bool ShouldSSLErrorsBeFatal() const; | |
148 | |
149 STSState sts; | |
150 PKPState pkp; | |
151 }; | |
152 | |
153 class NET_EXPORT Iterator { | |
154 public: | |
155 explicit Iterator(const TransportSecurityState& state); | |
156 ~Iterator(); | |
157 | |
158 bool HasNext() const { return iterator_ != end_; } | |
159 void Advance() { ++iterator_; } | |
160 const std::string& hostname() const { return iterator_->first; } | |
161 const DomainState& domain_state() const { return iterator_->second; } | |
162 | |
163 private: | |
164 std::map<std::string, DomainState>::const_iterator iterator_; | |
165 std::map<std::string, DomainState>::const_iterator end_; | |
166 }; | |
167 | |
168 // These functions search for static and dynamic DomainStates, and invoke the | |
169 // functions of the same name on them. These functions are the primary public | |
170 // interface; direct access to DomainStates is best left to tests. | |
171 bool ShouldSSLErrorsBeFatal(const std::string& host); | |
172 bool ShouldUpgradeToSSL(const std::string& host); | |
173 bool CheckPublicKeyPins(const std::string& host, | |
174 bool is_issued_by_known_root, | |
175 const HashValueVector& hashes, | |
176 std::string* failure_log); | |
177 bool HasPublicKeyPins(const std::string& host); | |
178 | |
179 // Assign a |Delegate| for persisting the transport security state. If | |
180 // |NULL|, state will not be persisted. The caller retains | |
181 // ownership of |delegate|. | |
182 // Note: This is only used for serializing/deserializing the | |
183 // TransportSecurityState. | |
184 void SetDelegate(Delegate* delegate); | |
185 | |
186 // Clears all dynamic data (e.g. HSTS and HPKP data). | |
187 // | |
188 // Does NOT persist changes using the Delegate, as this function is only | |
189 // used to clear any dynamic data prior to re-loading it from a file. | |
190 // Note: This is only used for serializing/deserializing the | |
191 // TransportSecurityState. | |
192 void ClearDynamicData(); | |
193 | |
194 // Inserts |state| into |enabled_hosts_| under the key |hashed_host|. | |
195 // |hashed_host| is already in the internal representation | |
196 // HashHost(CanonicalizeHost(host)). | |
197 // Note: This is only used for serializing/deserializing the | |
198 // TransportSecurityState. | |
199 void AddOrUpdateEnabledHosts(const std::string& hashed_host, | |
200 const DomainState& state); | |
201 | |
202 // Deletes all dynamic data (e.g. HSTS or HPKP data) created since a given | |
203 // time. | |
204 // | |
205 // If any entries are deleted, the new state will be persisted through | |
206 // the Delegate (if any). | |
207 void DeleteAllDynamicDataSince(const base::Time& time); | |
208 | |
209 // Deletes any dynamic data stored for |host| (e.g. HSTS or HPKP data). | |
210 // If |host| doesn't have an exact entry then no action is taken. Does | |
211 // not delete static (i.e. preloaded) data. Returns true iff an entry | |
212 // was deleted. | |
213 // | |
214 // If an entry is deleted, the new state will be persisted through | |
215 // the Delegate (if any). | |
216 bool DeleteDynamicDataForHost(const std::string& host); | |
217 | |
218 // Returns true and updates |*result| iff there is a static (built-in) | |
219 // DomainState for |host|. If multiple entries match |host|, the most specific | |
220 // match determines the return value. | |
221 bool GetStaticDomainState(const std::string& host, DomainState* result) const; | |
222 | |
223 // Returns true and updates |*result| iff |host| has HSTS or HPKP state (or | |
224 // both). The two are queried independently and combined into a single | |
225 // DomainState. If multiple HSTS (respectively, HPKP) entries match |host|, | |
226 // the most specific match determines the HSTS (respectively, HPKP) portion of | |
227 // the return value. | |
228 // | |
229 // Note that this method is not const because it opportunistically removes | |
230 // entries that have expired. | |
231 // | |
232 // TODO(davidben): STSState and PKPState should be queried independently at | |
233 // the API level too. | |
234 bool GetDynamicDomainState(const std::string& host, DomainState* result); | |
235 | |
236 // Processes an HSTS header value from the host, adding entries to | |
237 // dynamic state if necessary. | |
238 bool AddHSTSHeader(const std::string& host, const std::string& value); | |
239 | |
240 // Processes an HPKP header value from the host, adding entries to | |
241 // dynamic state if necessary. ssl_info is used to check that | |
242 // the specified pins overlap with the certificate chain. | |
243 bool AddHPKPHeader(const std::string& host, const std::string& value, | |
244 const SSLInfo& ssl_info); | |
245 | |
246 // Adds explicitly-specified data as if it was processed from an | |
247 // HSTS header (used for net-internals and unit tests). | |
248 void AddHSTS(const std::string& host, | |
249 const base::Time& expiry, | |
250 bool include_subdomains); | |
251 | |
252 // Adds explicitly-specified data as if it was processed from an | |
253 // HPKP header (used for net-internals and unit tests). | |
254 void AddHPKP(const std::string& host, | |
255 const base::Time& expiry, | |
256 bool include_subdomains, | |
257 const HashValueVector& hashes); | |
258 | |
259 // Returns true iff we have any static public key pins for the |host| and | |
260 // iff its set of required pins is the set we expect for Google | |
261 // properties. | |
262 // | |
263 // If |host| matches both an exact entry and is a subdomain of another | |
264 // entry, the exact match determines the return value. | |
265 static bool IsGooglePinnedProperty(const std::string& host); | |
266 | |
267 // The maximum number of seconds for which we'll cache an HSTS request. | |
268 static const long int kMaxHSTSAgeSecs; | |
269 | |
270 private: | |
271 friend class TransportSecurityStateTest; | |
272 FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(HttpSecurityHeadersTest, UpdateDynamicPKPOnly); | |
273 FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(HttpSecurityHeadersTest, UpdateDynamicPKPMaxAge0); | |
274 FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(HttpSecurityHeadersTest, NoClobberPins); | |
275 | |
276 typedef std::map<std::string, DomainState> DomainStateMap; | |
277 | |
278 // Send an UMA report on pin validation failure, if the host is in a | |
279 // statically-defined list of domains. | |
280 // | |
281 // TODO(palmer): This doesn't really belong here, and should be moved into | |
282 // the exactly one call site. This requires unifying |struct HSTSPreload| | |
283 // (an implementation detail of this class) with a more generic | |
284 // representation of first-class DomainStates, and exposing the preloads | |
285 // to the caller with |GetStaticDomainState|. | |
286 static void ReportUMAOnPinFailure(const std::string& host); | |
287 | |
288 // IsBuildTimely returns true if the current build is new enough ensure that | |
289 // built in security information (i.e. HSTS preloading and pinning | |
290 // information) is timely. | |
291 static bool IsBuildTimely(); | |
292 | |
293 // Helper method for actually checking pins. | |
294 bool CheckPublicKeyPinsImpl(const std::string& host, | |
295 const HashValueVector& hashes, | |
296 std::string* failure_log); | |
297 | |
298 // If a Delegate is present, notify it that the internal state has | |
299 // changed. | |
300 void DirtyNotify(); | |
301 | |
302 // Adds HSTS state to |host|. | |
303 void AddHSTSInternal(const std::string& host, | |
304 DomainState::UpgradeMode upgrade_mode, | |
305 const base::Time& expiry, | |
306 bool include_subdomains); | |
307 | |
308 // Adds HPKP state to |host|. | |
309 void AddHPKPInternal(const std::string& host, | |
310 const base::Time& last_observed, | |
311 const base::Time& expiry, | |
312 bool include_subdomains, | |
313 const HashValueVector& hashes); | |
314 | |
315 // Enable TransportSecurity for |host|. |state| supercedes any previous | |
316 // state for the |host|, including static entries. | |
317 // | |
318 // The new state for |host| is persisted using the Delegate (if any). | |
319 void EnableHost(const std::string& host, const DomainState& state); | |
320 | |
321 // Converts |hostname| from dotted form ("www.google.com") to the form | |
322 // used in DNS: "\x03www\x06google\x03com", lowercases that, and returns | |
323 // the result. | |
324 static std::string CanonicalizeHost(const std::string& hostname); | |
325 | |
326 // The set of hosts that have enabled TransportSecurity. |sts.domain| and | |
327 // |pkp.domain| will always be empty for a DomainState in this map; the domain | |
328 // comes from the map key instead. | |
329 DomainStateMap enabled_hosts_; | |
330 | |
331 Delegate* delegate_; | |
332 | |
333 // True if static pins should be used. | |
334 bool enable_static_pins_; | |
335 | |
336 DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TransportSecurityState); | |
337 }; | |
338 | |
339 } // namespace net | |
340 | |
341 #endif // NET_HTTP_TRANSPORT_SECURITY_STATE_H_ | |
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