Add Contributing to Skia section of docs

site/dev/contrib/style.md

+Coding Style Guidelines
+=======================
+
+These conventions have evolved over time. Some of the earlier code in both
+projects doesn’t strictly adhere to the guidelines. However, as the code evolves
+we hope to make the existing code conform to the guildelines.
+
+Files
+-----
+
+We use .cpp and .h as extensions for c++ source and header files. We use
+foo_impl.h for headers with inline definitions for class foo.
+
+Headers that aren’t meant for public consumption should be placed in src
+directories so that they aren’t in a client’s search path.
+
+We prefer to minimize includes. If forward declaring a name in a header is
+sufficient then that is preferred to an include.
+
+Forward declarations and file includes should be in alphabetical order (but we
+aren't very strict about it).
+
+Do not use #if/#ifdef before including "SkTypes.h" (directly or indirectly).
+
+We use spaces not tabs (4 of them).
+
+We use Unix style endlines (LF).
+
+We prefer no trailing whitespace but aren't very strict about it.
+
+We wrap lines at 100 columns unless it is excessively ugly (use your judgement).
+The soft line length limit was changed from 80 to 100 columns in June 2012. Thus,
+most files still adhere to the 80 column limit. It is not necessary or worth
+significant effort to promote 80 column wrapped files to 100 columns. Please
+don't willy-nilly insert longer lines in 80 column wrapped files. Either be
+consistent with the surrounding code or, if you really feel the need, promote
+the surrounding code to 100 column wrapping.
+
+Naming
+------
+
+Both projects use a prefix to designate that they are Skia prefix for classes,
+enums, structs, typedefs etc is Sk. Ganesh’s is Gr. Nested types should not be
+prefixed.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+class SkClass {
+public:
+    class HelperClass {
+        ...
+    };
+};
+~~~~
+
+Data fields in structs, classes, unions begin with lowercase f and are then 
+camel capped.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+struct GrCar {
+    ...
+    float fMilesDriven;
+    ...
+};
+~~~~
+
+Globals variables are similar but prefixed with g and camel-capped
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+bool gLoggingEnabled
+Local variables begin lowercases and are camel-capped.
+
+int herdCats(const Array& cats) {
+    int numCats = cats.count();
+}
+~~~~
+
+Enum values are prefixed with k and have post fix that consists of an underscore
+and singular name of the enum name. The enum itself should be singular for
+exclusive values or plural for a bitfield. If a count is needed it is 
+k<singular enum name>Count and not be a member of the enum (see example):
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+enum SkPancakeType {
+     kBlueberry_PancakeType,
+     kPlain_PancakeType,
+     kChocolateChip_PancakeType,
+    
+     kLast_PancakeType = kChocolateChip_PancakeType
+};
+
+static const SkPancakeType kPancakeTypeCount = kLast_PancakeType + 1;
+~~~~
+
+A bitfield:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+enum SkSausageIngredientBits {
+    kFennel_SuasageIngredientBit = 0x1,
+    kBeef_SausageIngredientBit   = 0x2
+};
+~~~~
+
+or:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+enum SkMatrixFlags {
+    kTranslate_MatrixFlag = 0x1,
+    kRotate_MatrixFlag    = 0x2
+};
+~~~~
+
+Exception: anonymous enums can be used to declare integral constants, e.g.:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+enum { kFavoriteNumber = 7 };
+~~~~
+
+Macros are all caps with underscores between words. Macros that have greater
+than file scope should be prefixed SK or GR.
+
+Static non-class functions in implementation files are lower case with
+underscores separating words:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+static inline bool tastes_like_chicken(Food food) {
+    return kIceCream_Food != food;
+}
+~~~~
+
+Externed functions or static class functions are camel-capped with an initial cap:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+bool SkIsOdd(int n);
+
+class SkFoo {
+public:
+    static int FooInstanceCount();
+};
+~~~~
+
+Macros
+------
+
+Ganesh macros that are GL-specific should be prefixed GR_GL.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+#define GR_GL_TEXTURE0 0xdeadbeef
+~~~~
+
+Ganesh prefers that macros are always defined and the use of #if MACRO rather than 
+#ifdef MACRO.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+#define GR_GO_SLOWER 0
+...
+#if GR_GO_SLOWER
+    Sleep(1000);
+#endif
+~~~~
+
+Skia tends to use #ifdef SK_MACRO for boolean flags.
+
+Braces
+------
+
+Open braces don’t get a newline. “else” and “else if” appear on same line as
+opening and closing braces unless preprocessor conditional compilation
+interferes. Braces are always used with if, else, while, for, and do.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+if (...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+}
+
+if (...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+} else if (...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+} else {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+}
+
+for (...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+}
+
+while (...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+}
+
+void function(...) {
+    oneOrManyLines;
+}
+
+if (!error) {
+    proceed_as_usual();
+}
+#if HANDLE_ERROR
+else {
+    freak_out();
+}
+#endif
+~~~~
+
+Flow Control
+------------
+
+There is a space between flow control words and parentheses and between 
+parentheses and braces:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+while (...) {
+}
+
+do {
+} while(...);
+
+switch (...) {
+...
+}
+~~~~
+
+Cases and default in switch statements are indented from the switch.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+switch (color) {
+    case kBlue:
+        ...
+        break;
+    case kGreen:
+        ... 
+        break;
+    ...
+    default:
+       ...
+       break;
+}
+~~~~
+
+Fallthrough from one case to the next is commented unless it is trivial:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+switch (recipe) {
+    ...
+    case kCheeseOmelette_Recipe:
+        ingredients |= kCheese_Ingredient;
+        // fallthrough
+    case kPlainOmelette_Recipe:
+        ingredients |= (kEgg_Ingredient | kMilk_Ingredient);
+        break;
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+When a block is needed to declare variables within a case follow this pattern:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+switch (filter) {
+    ...
+    case kGaussian_Filter: {
+        Bitmap srcCopy = src->makeCopy(); 
+        ...
+        break;
+    }
+    ...
+};
+~~~~
+
+Classes
+-------
+
+Unless there is a need for forward declaring something, class declarations
+should be ordered public, protected, private. Each should be preceded by a
+newline. Within each visibility section (public, private), fields should not be
+intermixed with methods.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+class SkFoo {
+
+public:
+    ...
+
+protected:
+    ...        
+
+private:
+    SkBar fBar;
+    ...
+
+    void barHelper(...);
+    ...
+};
+~~~~
+
+Subclasses should have a private typedef of their super class called INHERITED:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+class GrDillPickle : public GrPickle {
+    ...
+private:
+    typedef GrPickle INHERITED;
+};
+~~~~
+
+Virtual functions that are overridden in derived classes should use SK_OVERRIDE
+(and not the override keyword). The virtual keyword can be omitted.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void myVirtual() SK_OVERRIDE {
+}
+~~~~
+
+This should be the last element of their private section, and all references to 
+base-class implementations of a virtual function should be explicitly qualified:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void myVirtual() SK_OVERRIDE {
+    ...
+    this->INHERITED::myVirtual();
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+As in the above example, derived classes that redefine virtual functions should
+use SK_OVERRIDE to note that explicitly.
+
+Constructor initializers should be one per line, indented, with punctuation
+placed before the initializer. This is a fairly new rule so much of the existing
+code is non-conforming. Please fix as you go!
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+GrDillPickle::GrDillPickle()
+    : GrPickle()
+    , fSize(kDefaultPickleSize) {
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+Constructors that take one argument should almost always be explicit, with 
+exceptions made only for the (rare) automatic compatibility class.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+class Foo {
+    explicit Foo(int x);  // Good.
+    Foo(float y);         // Spooky implicit conversion from float to Foo.  No no no!
+    ...
+};
+~~~~
+
+Method calls within method calls should be prefixed with dereference of the 
+'this' pointer. For example:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+this->method();
+Memory Managemt
+~~~~
+
+All memory allocation should be routed through SkNEW and its variants. These are
+#defined in SkPostConfig.h, but the correct way to get access to the config
+system is to #include SkTypes.h, which will allow external users of the library
+to provide a custom memory manager or other adaptations.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+SkNEW(type_name)
+SkNEW_ARGS(type_name, args)
+SkNEW_ARRAY(type_name, count)
+SkNEW_PLACEMENT(buf, type_name)
+SkNEW_PLACEMENT_ARGS(buf, type_name, args)
+SkDELETE(obj)
+SkDELETE_ARRAY(array)
+~~~~
+
+Comparisons
+-----------
+
+We prefer that equality operators between lvalues and rvalues place the lvalue 
+on the right:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+if (7 == luckyNumber) {
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+However, inequality operators need not follow this rule:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+if (count > 0) {
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+Comments
+
+We use doxygen-style comments.
+
+For grouping or separators in an implementation file we use 80 slashes
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void SkClassA::foo() {
+    ...
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void SkClassB::bar() {
+    ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+Integer Types
+-------------
+
+We follow the Google C++ guide for ints and are slowly making older code conform to this
+
+(http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml#Integer_Types)
+
+Summary: Use int unless you have need a guarantee on the bit count, then use
+stdint.h types (int32_t, etc). Assert that counts, etc are not negative instead
+of using unsigned. Bitfields use uint32_t unless they have to be made shorter
+for packing or performance reasons.
+
+NULL, 0
+-------
+
+Use NULL for pointers, 0 for ints. We prefer explicit NULL comparisons when
+checking for NULL pointers (as documentation):
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+if (NULL == x) {  // slightly preferred over if (x)
+   ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+When checking non-NULL pointers explicit comparisons are not required because it
+reads like a double negative:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+if (x) {  // slightly preferred over if (NULL != x)
+   ...
+}
+~~~~
+
+Returning structs
+-----------------
+
+If the desired behavior is for a function to return a struct, we prefer using a
+struct as an output parameter
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void modify_foo(SkFoo* foo) {
+    // Modify foo
+}
+~~~~
+
+Then the function can be called as followed:
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+SkFoo foo;
+modify_foo(&foo);
+~~~~
+
+This way, if return value optimization cannot be used there is no performance
+hit. It also means that modify_foo can actually return a boolean for whether the
+call was successful. In this case, initialization of foo can potentially be
+skipped on failure (assuming the constructor for SkFoo does no initialization).
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+bool modify_foo(SkFoo* foo) {
+    if (some_condition) {
+        // Modify foo
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Leave foo unmodified
+    return false;
+}
+~~~~
+
+Function Parameters
+-------------------
+
+Mandatory constant object parameters are passed to functions as const references
+if they are not retained by the receiving function. Optional constant object
+parameters are passed to functions as const pointers. Objects that the called
+function will retain, either directly or indirectly, are passed as pointers.
+Variable (i.e. mutable) object parameters are passed to functions as pointers.
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+// src and paint are optional
+void SkCanvas::drawBitmapRect(const SkBitmap& bitmap, const SkIRect* src, 
+                             const SkRect& dst, const SkPaint* paint = NULL);
+// metrics is mutable (it is changed by the method)
+SkScalar SkPaint::getFontMetrics(FontMetric* metrics, SkScalar scale) const;
+// A reference to foo is retained by SkContainer
+void SkContainer::insert(const SkFoo* foo);
+~~~~
+
+If function arguments or parameters do not all fit on one line, they may be
+lined up with the first parameter on the same line
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void drawBitmapRect(const SkBitmap& bitmap, const SkRect& dst,
+                    const SkPaint* paint = NULL) {
+    this->drawBitmapRectToRect(bitmap, NULL, dst, paint,
+                               kNone_DrawBitmapRectFlag);
+}
+~~~~
+
+or placed on the next line indented eight spaces
+
+<!--?prettify?-->
+~~~~
+void drawBitmapRect(
+        const SkBitmap& bitmap, const SkRect& dst,
+        const SkPaint* paint = NULL) {
+    this->drawBitmapRectToRect(
+            bitmap, NULL, dst, paint, kNone_DrawBitmapRectFlag);
+}
+~~~~
+
+Python
+------
+
+Python code follows the [Google Python Style Guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pyguide.html).
+