Pull args, intl, logging, shelf, and source_maps out of the SDK.

pkg/args/README.md

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-Parses raw command-line arguments into a set of options and values.
-
-This library supports [GNU][] and [POSIX][] style options, and it works
-in both server-side and client-side apps.
-
-## Defining options
-
-First create an [ArgParser][]:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-
-Then define a set of options on that parser using [addOption()][addOption] and
-[addFlag()][addFlag]. Here's the minimal way to create an option named "name":
-
-    parser.addOption('name');
-
-When an option can only be set or unset (as opposed to taking a string value),
-use a flag:
-
-    parser.addFlag('name');
-
-Flag options, by default, accept a 'no-' prefix to negate the option. You can
-disable the 'no-' prefix using the `negatable` parameter:
-
-    parser.addFlag('name', negatable: false);
-
-*Note:* From here on out, "option" refers to both regular options and flags. In
-cases where the distinction matters, we'll use "non-flag option."
-
-Options can have an optional single-character abbreviation, specified with the
-`abbr` parameter:
-
-    parser.addOption('mode', abbr: 'm');
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', abbr: 'v');
-
-Options can also have a default value, specified with the `defaultsTo`
-parameter. The default value is used when arguments don't specify the option.
-
-    parser.addOption('mode', defaultsTo: 'debug');
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', defaultsTo: false);
-
-The default value for non-flag options can be any string. For flags, it must
-be a `bool`.
-
-To validate a non-flag option, you can use the `allowed` parameter to provide an
-allowed set of values. When you do, the parser throws a [FormatException] if the
-value for an option is not in the allowed set. Here's an example of specifying
-allowed values:
-
-    parser.addOption('mode', allowed: ['debug', 'release']);
-
-You can use the `callback` parameter to associate a function with an option.
-Later, when parsing occurs, the callback function is invoked with the value of
-the option:
-
-    parser.addOption('mode', callback: (mode) => print('Got mode $mode'));
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', callback: (verbose) {
-      if (verbose) print('Verbose');
-    });
-
-The callbacks for all options are called whenever a set of arguments is parsed.
-If an option isn't provided in the args, its callback is passed the default
-value, or `null` if no default value is set.
-
-## Parsing arguments
-
-Once you have an [ArgParser][] set up with some options and flags, you use it by
-calling [ArgParser.parse()][parse] with a set of arguments:
-
-    var results = parser.parse(['some', 'command', 'line', 'args']);
-
-These arguments usually come from the arguments to `main()`, but you can pass in
-any list of strings. The `parse()` method returns an instance of [ArgResults][],
-a map-like object that contains the values of the parsed options.
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    parser.addOption('mode');
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', defaultsTo: true);
-    var results = parser.parse(['--mode', 'debug', 'something', 'else']);
-
-    print(results['mode']); // debug
-    print(results['verbose']); // true
-
-By default, the `parse()` method stops as soon as it reaches `--` by itself or
-anything that the parser doesn't recognize as an option, flag, or option value.
-If arguments still remain, they go into [ArgResults.rest][rest].
-
-    print(results.rest); // ['something', 'else']
-
-To continue to parse options found after non-option arguments, pass
-`allowTrailingOptions: true` when creating the [ArgParser][].
-
-## Specifying options
-
-To actually pass in options and flags on the command line, use GNU or POSIX
-style. Consider this option:
-
-    parser.addOption('name', abbr: 'n');
-
-You can specify its value on the command line using any of the following:
-
-    --name=somevalue
-    --name somevalue
-    -nsomevalue
-    -n somevalue
-
-Consider this flag:
-
-    parser.addFlag('name', abbr: 'n');
-
-You can set it to true using one of the following:
-
-    --name
-    -n
-
-You can set it to false using the following:
-
-    --no-name
-
-Multiple flag abbreviations can be collapsed into a single argument. Say you
-define these flags:
-
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', abbr: 'v');
-    parser.addFlag('french', abbr: 'f');
-    parser.addFlag('iambic-pentameter', abbr: 'i');
-
-You can set all three flags at once:
-
-    -vfi
-
-By default, an option has only a single value, with later option values
-overriding earlier ones; for example:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    parser.addOption('mode');
-    var results = parser.parse(['--mode', 'on', '--mode', 'off']);
-    print(results['mode']); // prints 'off'
-
-If you need multiple values, set the `allowMultiple` parameter. In that case the
-option can occur multiple times, and the `parse()` method returns a list of
-values:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    parser.addOption('mode', allowMultiple: true);
-    var results = parser.parse(['--mode', 'on', '--mode', 'off']);
-    print(results['mode']); // prints '[on, off]'
-
-## Defining commands ##
-
-In addition to *options*, you can also define *commands*. A command is a named
-argument that has its own set of options. For example, consider this shell
-command:
-
-    $ git commit -a
-
-The executable is `git`, the command is `commit`, and the `-a` option is an
-option passed to the command. You can add a command using the [addCommand][]
-method:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    var command = parser.addCommand('commit');
-
-It returns another [ArgParser][], which you can then use to define options
-specific to that command. If you already have an [ArgParser][] for the command's
-options, you can pass it in:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    var command = new ArgParser();
-    parser.addCommand('commit', command);
-
-The [ArgParser][] for a command can then define options or flags:
-
-    command.addFlag('all', abbr: 'a');
-
-You can add multiple commands to the same parser so that a user can select one
-from a range of possible commands. When parsing an argument list, you can then
-determine which command was entered and what options were provided for it.
-
-    var results = parser.parse(['commit', '-a']);
-    print(results.command.name);   // "commit"
-    print(results.command['all']); // true
-
-Options for a command must appear after the command in the argument list. For
-example, given the above parser, `"git -a commit"` is *not* valid. The parser
-tries to find the right-most command that accepts an option. For example:
-
-    var parser = new ArgParser();
-    parser.addFlag('all', abbr: 'a');
-    var command = parser.addCommand('commit');
-    command.addFlag('all', abbr: 'a');
-
-    var results = parser.parse(['commit', '-a']);
-    print(results.command['all']); // true
-
-Here, both the top-level parser and the `"commit"` command can accept a `"-a"`
-(which is probably a bad command line interface, admittedly). In that case, when
-`"-a"` appears after `"commit"`, it is applied to that command. If it appears to
-the left of `"commit"`, it is given to the top-level parser.
-
-## Dispatching Commands
-
-If you're writing a command-based application, you can use the [CommandRunner][]
-and [Command][] classes to help structure it. [CommandRunner][] has built-in
-support for dispatching to [Command][]s based on command-line arguments, as well
-as handling `--help` flags and invalid arguments. For example:
-
-    var runner = new CommandRunner("git", "Distributed version control.");
-    runner.addCommand(new CommitCommand());
-    runner.addCommand(new StashCommand());
-    runner.run(['commit', '-a']); // Calls [CommitCommand.run()]
-
-Custom commands are defined by extending the [Command][] class. For example:
-
-    class CommitCommand extends Command {
-      // The [name] and [description] properties must be defined by every
-      // subclass.
-      final name = "commit";
-      final description = "Record changes to the repository.";
-
-      CommitCommand() {
-        // [argParser] is automatically created by the parent class.
-        argParser.addFlag('all', abbr: 'a');
-      }
-
-      // [run] may also return a Future.
-      void run() {
-        // [options] is set before [run()] is called and contains the options
-        // passed to this command.
-        print(options['all']);
-      }
-    }
-
-Commands can also have subcommands, which are added with [addSubcommand][]. A
-command with subcommands can't run its own code, so [run][] doesn't need to be
-implemented. For example:
-
-    class StashCommand extends Command {
-      final String name = "stash";
-      final String description = "Stash changes in the working directory.";
-
-      StashCommand() {
-        addSubcommand(new StashSaveCommand());
-        addSubcommand(new StashListCommand());
-      }
-    }
-
-[CommandRunner][] automatically adds a `help` command that displays usage
-information for commands, as well as support for the `--help` flag for all
-commands. If it encounters an error parsing the arguments or processing a
-command, it throws a [UsageError][]; your `main()` method should catch these and
-print them appropriately. For example:
-
-    runner.run(arguments).catchError((error) {
-      if (error is! UsageError) throw error;
-      print(error);
-      exit(64); // Exit code 64 indicates a usage error.
-    });
-
-## Displaying usage
-
-You can automatically generate nice help text, suitable for use as the output of
-`--help`. To display good usage information, you should provide some help text
-when you create your options.
-
-To define help text for an entire option, use the `help:` parameter:
-
-    parser.addOption('mode', help: 'The compiler configuration',
-        allowed: ['debug', 'release']);
-    parser.addFlag('verbose', help: 'Show additional diagnostic info');
-
-For non-flag options, you can also provide a help string for the parameter:
-
-    parser.addOption('out', help: 'The output path', valueHelp: 'path',
-        allowed: ['debug', 'release']);
-
-For non-flag options, you can also provide detailed help for each expected value
-by using the `allowedHelp:` parameter:
-
-    parser.addOption('arch', help: 'The architecture to compile for',
-        allowedHelp: {
-          'ia32': 'Intel x86',
-          'arm': 'ARM Holding 32-bit chip'
-        });
-
-To display the help, use the [getUsage()][getUsage] method:
-
-    print(parser.getUsage());
-
-The resulting string looks something like this:
-
-    --mode            The compiler configuration
-                      [debug, release]
-
-    --out=<path>      The output path
-    --[no-]verbose    Show additional diagnostic info
-    --arch            The architecture to compile for
-          [arm]       ARM Holding 32-bit chip
-          [ia32]      Intel x86
-
-[posix]: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02
-[gnu]: http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Command_002dLine-Interfaces
-[ArgParser]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser
-[ArgResults]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgResults
-[CommandRunner]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.CommandRunner
-[Command]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.Command
-[UsageError]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.UsageError
-[addOption]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser@id_addOption
-[addFlag]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser@id_addFlag
-[parse]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser@id_parse
-[rest]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgResults@id_rest
-[addCommand]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser@id_addCommand
-[getUsage]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.ArgParser@id_getUsage
-[addSubcommand]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.Command@id_addSubcommand
-[run]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/args/latest/index.html#args/args.Command@id_run