Index: docs/language/dartLangSpec.tex |
=================================================================== |
--- docs/language/dartLangSpec.tex (revision 42584) |
+++ docs/language/dartLangSpec.tex (working copy) |
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ |
\LMLabel{typeOfAFunction} |
\LMHash{} |
-If a function does not declare a return type explicitly, its return type is \DYNAMIC{} (\ref{typeDynamic}). |
+If a function does not declare a return type explicitly, its return type is \DYNAMIC{} (\ref{typeDynamic}), unless it is a constructor function, in which case its return type is the immediately enclosing class. |
\LMHash{} |
Let $F$ be a function with required formal parameters $T_1$ $p_1 \ldots, T_n$ $p_n$, return type $T_0$ and no optional parameters. Then the type of $F$ is $(T_1 ,\ldots, T_n) \rightarrow T_0$. |
@@ -859,12 +859,17 @@ |
\LMHash{} |
A class has constructors, instance members and static members. The instance members of a class are its instance methods, getters, setters and instance variables. The static members of a class are its static methods, getters, setters and static variables. The members of a class are its static and instance members. |
-% A class has a static scope and an instance scope. The enclosing scope of the static scope of a non-generic class is the enclosing scope of the class declaration. The enclosing scope of the static scope of a generic class is the type parameter scope (\ref{}) of the generic class declaration. |
-%The enclosing scope of a class' instance scope is the class' static scope. |
+A class has several scopes: |
+\begin{itemize} |
+\item A {\em type-parameter scope}, which is empty if the class is not generic (\ref{generics}). The enclosing scope of the type-parameter scope of a class is the enclosing scope of the class declaration. |
+\item A {\em static scope}. The enclosing scope of the static scope of a class is the type parameter scope (\ref{generics}) of the class. |
+\item An {\em instance scope}. |
+The enclosing scope of a class' instance scope is the class' static scope. |
+\end{itemize} |
-%The enclosing scope of an instance member declaration is the instance scope of the class in which it is declared. |
+The enclosing scope of an instance member declaration is the instance scope of the class in which it is declared. |
-%The enclosing scope of a static member declaration is the static scope of the class in which it is declared. |
+The enclosing scope of a static member declaration is the static scope of the class in which it is declared. |
\LMHash{} |
@@ -1707,6 +1712,9 @@ |
%} |
\LMHash{} |
+The scope of the \EXTENDS{} and \WITH{} clauses of a class $C$ is the type-parameter scope of $C$. |
+ |
+\LMHash{} |
%It is a compile-time error if the \EXTENDS{} clause of a class $C$ includes a type expression that does not denote a class available in the lexical scope of $C$. |
It is a compile-time error if the \EXTENDS{} clause of a class $C$ specifies an enumerated type (\ref{enums}), a malformed type or a deferred type (\ref{staticTypes}) as a superclass. |
% too strict? Do we e want extends List<Undeclared> to work as List<dynamic>? |
@@ -1840,6 +1848,9 @@ |
\end{grammar} |
\LMHash{} |
+The scope of the \IMPLEMENTS{} clause of a class $C$ is the type-parameter scope of $C$. |
+ |
+\LMHash{} |
It is a compile-time error if the \IMPLEMENTS{} clause of a class $C$ specifies a type variable as a superinterface. It is a compile-time error if the \IMPLEMENTS{} clause of a class $C$ specifies an enumerated type (\ref{enums}), a malformed type or deferred type (\ref{staticTypes}) as a superinterface It is a compile-time error if the \IMPLEMENTS{} clause of a class $C$ specifies type \DYNAMIC{} as a superinterface. It is a compile-time error if the \IMPLEMENTS{} clause of a class $C$ specifies a type $T$ as a superinterface more than once. |
It is a compile-time error if the superclass of a class $C$ is specified as a superinterface of $C$. |
@@ -2160,6 +2171,7 @@ |
A type parameter $T$ may be suffixed with an \EXTENDS{} clause that specifies the {\em upper bound} for $T$. If no \EXTENDS{} clause is present, the upper bound is \code{Object}. It is a static type warning if a type parameter is a supertype of its upper bound. The bounds of type variables are a form of type annotation and have no effect on execution in production mode. |
\LMHash{} |
+Type parameters are declared in the type-parameter scope of a class. |
The type parameters of a generic $G$ are in scope in the bounds of all of the type parameters of $G$. The type parameters of a generic class declaration $G$ are also in scope in the \EXTENDS{} and \IMPLEMENTS{} clauses of $G$ (if these exist) and in the body of $G$. However, a type parameter is considered to be a malformed type when referenced by a static member. |
\rationale{ |
@@ -2687,7 +2699,7 @@ |
\end{dartCode} |
-\rationale{String interpolation work well for most cases. The main situation where it is not fully satisfactory is for string literals that are too large to fit on a line. Multiline strings can be useful, but in some cases, we want to visually align the code. This can be expressed by writing smaller strings separated by whitespace, as shown here:} |
+\rationale{String interpolation works well for most cases. The main situation where it is not fully satisfactory is for string literals that are too large to fit on a line. Multiline strings can be useful, but in some cases, we want to visually align the code. This can be expressed by writing smaller strings separated by whitespace, as shown here:} |
@@ -3285,7 +3297,7 @@ |
\commentary{Note that it this point we are assured that the number of actual type arguments match the number of formal type parameters.} |
\LMHash{} |
-A fresh instance (\ref{generativeConstructors}), $i$, of class $R$ is allocated. For each instance variable $f$ of $i$, if the variable declaration of $f$ has an initializer expression $e_f$, then $e_f$ is evaluated to an object $o_f$ and $f$ is bound to $o_f$. Otherwise $f$ is bound to \NULL{}. |
+A fresh instance (\ref{generativeConstructors}), $i$, of class $R$ is allocated. For each instance variable $f$ of $i$, if the variable declaration of $f$ has an initializer expression $e_f$, then $e_f$ is evaluated, with the type parameters (if any) of $R$ bound to the actual type arguments $V_1, \ldots, V_l$, to an object $o_f$ and $f$ is bound to $o_f$. Otherwise $f$ is bound to \NULL{}. |
\commentary{ |
Observe that \THIS{} is not in scope in $e_f$. Hence, the initialization cannot depend on other properties of the object being instantiated. |
@@ -4013,7 +4025,7 @@ |
\commentary{Observations: |
\begin{enumerate} |
\item One cannot closurize a getter or a setter. |
-\item One can tell whether one implemented a property via a method or via field/getter, which means that one has to plan ahead as to what construct to use, and that choice is reflected in the interface of the class. |
+\item One can tell whether one implemented a property via a method or via a field/getter, which means that one has to plan ahead as to what construct to use, and that choice is reflected in the interface of the class. |
\end{enumerate} |
} |
@@ -5132,7 +5144,7 @@ |
identifier \IN{} expression |
. |
-{\bf forInitializerStatement:}localVariableDeclaration `{\escapegrammar ;}'; |
+{\bf forInitializerStatement:}localVariableDeclaration; |
expression? `{\escapegrammar ;}' |
. |
\end{grammar} |
@@ -7162,7 +7174,7 @@ |
\hline |
Logical Or & $||$ & Left & 4\\ |
\hline |
-Conditional & e1? e2: e3 & None & 3\\ |
+Conditional & e1? e2: e3 & Right & 3\\ |
\hline |
Cascade & .. & Left & 2\\ |
\hline |