Added vulcanize under third_party/npm_modules

node_modules/vulcanize/node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver-diff/node_modules/semver/semver.js

Index: node_modules/vulcanize/node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver-diff/node_modules/semver/semver.js
diff --git a/node_modules/vulcanize/node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver-diff/node_modules/semver/semver.js b/node_modules/vulcanize/node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver-diff/node_modules/semver/semver.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22673fdd1937d40ad5a0159e33a3647ccda6a1eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/vulcanize/node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver-diff/node_modules/semver/semver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1124 @@
+// export the class if we are in a Node-like system.
+if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports === exports)
+  exports = module.exports = SemVer;
+
+// The debug function is excluded entirely from the minified version.
+/* nomin */ var debug;
+/* nomin */ if (typeof process === 'object' &&
+    /* nomin */ process.env &&
+    /* nomin */ process.env.NODE_DEBUG &&
+    /* nomin */ /\bsemver\b/i.test(process.env.NODE_DEBUG))
+  /* nomin */ debug = function() {
+    /* nomin */ var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+    /* nomin */ args.unshift('SEMVER');
+    /* nomin */ console.log.apply(console, args);
+    /* nomin */ };
+/* nomin */ else
+  /* nomin */ debug = function() {};
+
+// Note: this is the semver.org version of the spec that it implements
+// Not necessarily the package version of this code.
+exports.SEMVER_SPEC_VERSION = '2.0.0';
+
+// The actual regexps go on exports.re
+var re = exports.re = [];
+var src = exports.src = [];
+var R = 0;
+
+// The following Regular Expressions can be used for tokenizing,
+// validating, and parsing SemVer version strings.
+
+// ## Numeric Identifier
+// A single `0`, or a non-zero digit followed by zero or more digits.
+
+var NUMERICIDENTIFIER = R++;
+src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '0|[1-9]\\d*';
+var NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++;
+src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '[0-9]+';
+
+
+// ## Non-numeric Identifier
+// Zero or more digits, followed by a letter or hyphen, and then zero or
+// more letters, digits, or hyphens.
+
+var NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER = R++;
+src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] = '\\d*[a-zA-Z-][a-zA-Z0-9-]*';
+
+
+// ## Main Version
+// Three dot-separated numeric identifiers.
+
+var MAINVERSION = R++;
+src[MAINVERSION] = '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')\\.' +
+                   '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')';
+
+var MAINVERSIONLOOSE = R++;
+src[MAINVERSIONLOOSE] = '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')\\.' +
+                        '(' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')';
+
+// ## Pre-release Version Identifier
+// A numeric identifier, or a non-numeric identifier.
+
+var PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER = R++;
+src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] = '(?:' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] +
+                            '|' + src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')';
+
+var PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++;
+src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = '(?:' + src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                                 '|' + src[NONNUMERICIDENTIFIER] + ')';
+
+
+// ## Pre-release Version
+// Hyphen, followed by one or more dot-separated pre-release version
+// identifiers.
+
+var PRERELEASE = R++;
+src[PRERELEASE] = '(?:-(' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] +
+                  '(?:\\.' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIER] + ')*))';
+
+var PRERELEASELOOSE = R++;
+src[PRERELEASELOOSE] = '(?:-?(' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] +
+                       '(?:\\.' + src[PRERELEASEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')*))';
+
+// ## Build Metadata Identifier
+// Any combination of digits, letters, or hyphens.
+
+var BUILDIDENTIFIER = R++;
+src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] = '[0-9A-Za-z-]+';
+
+// ## Build Metadata
+// Plus sign, followed by one or more period-separated build metadata
+// identifiers.
+
+var BUILD = R++;
+src[BUILD] = '(?:\\+(' + src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] +
+             '(?:\\.' + src[BUILDIDENTIFIER] + ')*))';
+
+
+// ## Full Version String
+// A main version, followed optionally by a pre-release version and
+// build metadata.
+
+// Note that the only major, minor, patch, and pre-release sections of
+// the version string are capturing groups.  The build metadata is not a
+// capturing group, because it should not ever be used in version
+// comparison.
+
+var FULL = R++;
+var FULLPLAIN = 'v?' + src[MAINVERSION] +
+                src[PRERELEASE] + '?' +
+                src[BUILD] + '?';
+
+src[FULL] = '^' + FULLPLAIN + '$';
+
+// like full, but allows v1.2.3 and =1.2.3, which people do sometimes.
+// also, 1.0.0alpha1 (prerelease without the hyphen) which is pretty
+// common in the npm registry.
+var LOOSEPLAIN = '[v=\\s]*' + src[MAINVERSIONLOOSE] +
+                 src[PRERELEASELOOSE] + '?' +
+                 src[BUILD] + '?';
+
+var LOOSE = R++;
+src[LOOSE] = '^' + LOOSEPLAIN + '$';
+
+var GTLT = R++;
+src[GTLT] = '((?:<|>)?=?)';
+
+// Something like "2.*" or "1.2.x".
+// Note that "x.x" is a valid xRange identifer, meaning "any version"
+// Only the first item is strictly required.
+var XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE = R++;
+src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] = src[NUMERICIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + '|x|X|\\*';
+var XRANGEIDENTIFIER = R++;
+src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] = src[NUMERICIDENTIFIER] + '|x|X|\\*';
+
+var XRANGEPLAIN = R++;
+src[XRANGEPLAIN] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIER] + ')' +
+                   '(?:' + src[PRERELEASE] + ')?' +
+                   src[BUILD] + '?' +
+                   ')?)?';
+
+var XRANGEPLAINLOOSE = R++;
+src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] = '[v=\\s]*(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:\\.(' + src[XRANGEIDENTIFIERLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '(?:' + src[PRERELEASELOOSE] + ')?' +
+                        src[BUILD] + '?' +
+                        ')?)?';
+
+var XRANGE = R++;
+src[XRANGE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$';
+var XRANGELOOSE = R++;
+src[XRANGELOOSE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$';
+
+// Tilde ranges.
+// Meaning is "reasonably at or greater than"
+var LONETILDE = R++;
+src[LONETILDE] = '(?:~>?)';
+
+var TILDETRIM = R++;
+src[TILDETRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[LONETILDE] + '\\s+';
+re[TILDETRIM] = new RegExp(src[TILDETRIM], 'g');
+var tildeTrimReplace = '$1~';
+
+var TILDE = R++;
+src[TILDE] = '^' + src[LONETILDE] + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$';
+var TILDELOOSE = R++;
+src[TILDELOOSE] = '^' + src[LONETILDE] + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$';
+
+// Caret ranges.
+// Meaning is "at least and backwards compatible with"
+var LONECARET = R++;
+src[LONECARET] = '(?:\\^)';
+
+var CARETTRIM = R++;
+src[CARETTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[LONECARET] + '\\s+';
+re[CARETTRIM] = new RegExp(src[CARETTRIM], 'g');
+var caretTrimReplace = '$1^';
+
+var CARET = R++;
+src[CARET] = '^' + src[LONECARET] + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + '$';
+var CARETLOOSE = R++;
+src[CARETLOOSE] = '^' + src[LONECARET] + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + '$';
+
+// A simple gt/lt/eq thing, or just "" to indicate "any version"
+var COMPARATORLOOSE = R++;
+src[COMPARATORLOOSE] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*(' + LOOSEPLAIN + ')$|^$';
+var COMPARATOR = R++;
+src[COMPARATOR] = '^' + src[GTLT] + '\\s*(' + FULLPLAIN + ')$|^$';
+
+
+// An expression to strip any whitespace between the gtlt and the thing
+// it modifies, so that `> 1.2.3` ==> `>1.2.3`
+var COMPARATORTRIM = R++;
+src[COMPARATORTRIM] = '(\\s*)' + src[GTLT] +
+                      '\\s*(' + LOOSEPLAIN + '|' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')';
+
+// this one has to use the /g flag
+re[COMPARATORTRIM] = new RegExp(src[COMPARATORTRIM], 'g');
+var comparatorTrimReplace = '$1$2$3';
+
+
+// Something like `1.2.3 - 1.2.4`
+// Note that these all use the loose form, because they'll be
+// checked against either the strict or loose comparator form
+// later.
+var HYPHENRANGE = R++;
+src[HYPHENRANGE] = '^\\s*(' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                   '(' + src[XRANGEPLAIN] + ')' +
+                   '\\s*$';
+
+var HYPHENRANGELOOSE = R++;
+src[HYPHENRANGELOOSE] = '^\\s*(' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s+-\\s+' +
+                        '(' + src[XRANGEPLAINLOOSE] + ')' +
+                        '\\s*$';
+
+// Star ranges basically just allow anything at all.
+var STAR = R++;
+src[STAR] = '(<|>)?=?\\s*\\*';
+
+// Compile to actual regexp objects.
+// All are flag-free, unless they were created above with a flag.
+for (var i = 0; i < R; i++) {
+  debug(i, src[i]);
+  if (!re[i])
+    re[i] = new RegExp(src[i]);
+}
+
+exports.parse = parse;
+function parse(version, loose) {
+  var r = loose ? re[LOOSE] : re[FULL];
+  return (r.test(version)) ? new SemVer(version, loose) : null;
+}
+
+exports.valid = valid;
+function valid(version, loose) {
+  var v = parse(version, loose);
+  return v ? v.version : null;
+}
+
+
+exports.clean = clean;
+function clean(version, loose) {
+  var s = parse(version.trim().replace(/^[=v]+/, ''), loose);
+  return s ? s.version : null;
+}
+
+exports.SemVer = SemVer;
+
+function SemVer(version, loose) {
+  if (version instanceof SemVer) {
+    if (version.loose === loose)
+      return version;
+    else
+      version = version.version;
+  } else if (typeof version !== 'string') {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version);
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof SemVer))
+    return new SemVer(version, loose);
+
+  debug('SemVer', version, loose);
+  this.loose = loose;
+  var m = version.trim().match(loose ? re[LOOSE] : re[FULL]);
+
+  if (!m)
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid Version: ' + version);
+
+  this.raw = version;
+
+  // these are actually numbers
+  this.major = +m[1];
+  this.minor = +m[2];
+  this.patch = +m[3];
+
+  // numberify any prerelease numeric ids
+  if (!m[4])
+    this.prerelease = [];
+  else
+    this.prerelease = m[4].split('.').map(function(id) {
+      return (/^[0-9]+$/.test(id)) ? +id : id;
+    });
+
+  this.build = m[5] ? m[5].split('.') : [];
+  this.format();
+}
+
+SemVer.prototype.format = function() {
+  this.version = this.major + '.' + this.minor + '.' + this.patch;
+  if (this.prerelease.length)
+    this.version += '-' + this.prerelease.join('.');
+  return this.version;
+};
+
+SemVer.prototype.inspect = function() {
+  return '<SemVer "' + this + '">';
+};
+
+SemVer.prototype.toString = function() {
+  return this.version;
+};
+
+SemVer.prototype.compare = function(other) {
+  debug('SemVer.compare', this.version, this.loose, other);
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer))
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.loose);
+
+  return this.compareMain(other) || this.comparePre(other);
+};
+
+SemVer.prototype.compareMain = function(other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer))
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.loose);
+
+  return compareIdentifiers(this.major, other.major) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.minor, other.minor) ||
+         compareIdentifiers(this.patch, other.patch);
+};
+
+SemVer.prototype.comparePre = function(other) {
+  if (!(other instanceof SemVer))
+    other = new SemVer(other, this.loose);
+
+  // NOT having a prerelease is > having one
+  if (this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length)
+    return -1;
+  else if (!this.prerelease.length && other.prerelease.length)
+    return 1;
+  else if (!this.prerelease.length && !other.prerelease.length)
+    return 0;
+
+  var i = 0;
+  do {
+    var a = this.prerelease[i];
+    var b = other.prerelease[i];
+    debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b);
+    if (a === undefined && b === undefined)
+      return 0;
+    else if (b === undefined)
+      return 1;
+    else if (a === undefined)
+      return -1;
+    else if (a === b)
+      continue;
+    else
+      return compareIdentifiers(a, b);
+  } while (++i);
+};
+
+// preminor will bump the version up to the next minor release, and immediately
+// down to pre-release. premajor and prepatch work the same way.
+SemVer.prototype.inc = function(release, identifier) {
+  switch (release) {
+    case 'premajor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0;
+      this.patch = 0;
+      this.minor = 0;
+      this.major++;
+      this.inc('pre', identifier);
+      break;
+    case 'preminor':
+      this.prerelease.length = 0;
+      this.patch = 0;
+      this.minor++;
+      this.inc('pre', identifier);
+      break;
+    case 'prepatch':
+      // If this is already a prerelease, it will bump to the next version
+      // drop any prereleases that might already exist, since they are not
+      // relevant at this point.
+      this.prerelease.length = 0;
+      this.inc('patch', identifier);
+      this.inc('pre', identifier);
+      break;
+    // If the input is a non-prerelease version, this acts the same as
+    // prepatch.
+    case 'prerelease':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0)
+        this.inc('patch', identifier);
+      this.inc('pre', identifier);
+      break;
+
+    case 'major':
+      // If this is a pre-major version, bump up to the same major version.
+      // Otherwise increment major.
+      // 1.0.0-5 bumps to 1.0.0
+      // 1.1.0 bumps to 2.0.0
+      if (this.minor !== 0 || this.patch !== 0 || this.prerelease.length === 0)
+        this.major++;
+      this.minor = 0;
+      this.patch = 0;
+      this.prerelease = [];
+      break;
+    case 'minor':
+      // If this is a pre-minor version, bump up to the same minor version.
+      // Otherwise increment minor.
+      // 1.2.0-5 bumps to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.1 bumps to 1.3.0
+      if (this.patch !== 0 || this.prerelease.length === 0)
+        this.minor++;
+      this.patch = 0;
+      this.prerelease = [];
+      break;
+    case 'patch':
+      // If this is not a pre-release version, it will increment the patch.
+      // If it is a pre-release it will bump up to the same patch version.
+      // 1.2.0-5 patches to 1.2.0
+      // 1.2.0 patches to 1.2.1
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0)
+        this.patch++;
+      this.prerelease = [];
+      break;
+    // This probably shouldn't be used publicly.
+    // 1.0.0 "pre" would become 1.0.0-0 which is the wrong direction.
+    case 'pre':
+      if (this.prerelease.length === 0)
+        this.prerelease = [0];
+      else {
+        var i = this.prerelease.length;
+        while (--i >= 0) {
+          if (typeof this.prerelease[i] === 'number') {
+            this.prerelease[i]++;
+            i = -2;
+          }
+        }
+        if (i === -1) // didn't increment anything
+          this.prerelease.push(0);
+      }
+      if (identifier) {
+        // 1.2.0-beta.1 bumps to 1.2.0-beta.2,
+        // 1.2.0-beta.fooblz or 1.2.0-beta bumps to 1.2.0-beta.0
+        if (this.prerelease[0] === identifier) {
+          if (isNaN(this.prerelease[1]))
+            this.prerelease = [identifier, 0];
+        } else
+          this.prerelease = [identifier, 0];
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      throw new Error('invalid increment argument: ' + release);
+  }
+  this.format();
+  return this;
+};
+
+exports.inc = inc;
+function inc(version, release, loose, identifier) {
+  if (typeof(loose) === 'string') {
+    identifier = loose;
+    loose = undefined;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new SemVer(version, loose).inc(release, identifier).version;
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+exports.compareIdentifiers = compareIdentifiers;
+
+var numeric = /^[0-9]+$/;
+function compareIdentifiers(a, b) {
+  var anum = numeric.test(a);
+  var bnum = numeric.test(b);
+
+  if (anum && bnum) {
+    a = +a;
+    b = +b;
+  }
+
+  return (anum && !bnum) ? -1 :
+         (bnum && !anum) ? 1 :
+         a < b ? -1 :
+         a > b ? 1 :
+         0;
+}
+
+exports.rcompareIdentifiers = rcompareIdentifiers;
+function rcompareIdentifiers(a, b) {
+  return compareIdentifiers(b, a);
+}
+
+exports.compare = compare;
+function compare(a, b, loose) {
+  return new SemVer(a, loose).compare(b);
+}
+
+exports.compareLoose = compareLoose;
+function compareLoose(a, b) {
+  return compare(a, b, true);
+}
+
+exports.rcompare = rcompare;
+function rcompare(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(b, a, loose);
+}
+
+exports.sort = sort;
+function sort(list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function(a, b) {
+    return exports.compare(a, b, loose);
+  });
+}
+
+exports.rsort = rsort;
+function rsort(list, loose) {
+  return list.sort(function(a, b) {
+    return exports.rcompare(a, b, loose);
+  });
+}
+
+exports.gt = gt;
+function gt(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) > 0;
+}
+
+exports.lt = lt;
+function lt(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) < 0;
+}
+
+exports.eq = eq;
+function eq(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) === 0;
+}
+
+exports.neq = neq;
+function neq(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) !== 0;
+}
+
+exports.gte = gte;
+function gte(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) >= 0;
+}
+
+exports.lte = lte;
+function lte(a, b, loose) {
+  return compare(a, b, loose) <= 0;
+}
+
+exports.cmp = cmp;
+function cmp(a, op, b, loose) {
+  var ret;
+  switch (op) {
+    case '===':
+      if (typeof a === 'object') a = a.version;
+      if (typeof b === 'object') b = b.version;
+      ret = a === b;
+      break;
+    case '!==':
+      if (typeof a === 'object') a = a.version;
+      if (typeof b === 'object') b = b.version;
+      ret = a !== b;
+      break;
+    case '': case '=': case '==': ret = eq(a, b, loose); break;
+    case '!=': ret = neq(a, b, loose); break;
+    case '>': ret = gt(a, b, loose); break;
+    case '>=': ret = gte(a, b, loose); break;
+    case '<': ret = lt(a, b, loose); break;
+    case '<=': ret = lte(a, b, loose); break;
+    default: throw new TypeError('Invalid operator: ' + op);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+exports.Comparator = Comparator;
+function Comparator(comp, loose) {
+  if (comp instanceof Comparator) {
+    if (comp.loose === loose)
+      return comp;
+    else
+      comp = comp.value;
+  }
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Comparator))
+    return new Comparator(comp, loose);
+
+  debug('comparator', comp, loose);
+  this.loose = loose;
+  this.parse(comp);
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY)
+    this.value = '';
+  else
+    this.value = this.operator + this.semver.version;
+
+  debug('comp', this);
+}
+
+var ANY = {};
+Comparator.prototype.parse = function(comp) {
+  var r = this.loose ? re[COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[COMPARATOR];
+  var m = comp.match(r);
+
+  if (!m)
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid comparator: ' + comp);
+
+  this.operator = m[1];
+  if (this.operator === '=')
+    this.operator = '';
+
+  // if it literally is just '>' or '' then allow anything.
+  if (!m[2])
+    this.semver = ANY;
+  else
+    this.semver = new SemVer(m[2], this.loose);
+};
+
+Comparator.prototype.inspect = function() {
+  return '<SemVer Comparator "' + this + '">';
+};
+
+Comparator.prototype.toString = function() {
+  return this.value;
+};
+
+Comparator.prototype.test = function(version) {
+  debug('Comparator.test', version, this.loose);
+
+  if (this.semver === ANY)
+    return true;
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string')
+    version = new SemVer(version, this.loose);
+
+  return cmp(version, this.operator, this.semver, this.loose);
+};
+
+
+exports.Range = Range;
+function Range(range, loose) {
+  if ((range instanceof Range) && range.loose === loose)
+    return range;
+
+  if (!(this instanceof Range))
+    return new Range(range, loose);
+
+  this.loose = loose;
+
+  // First, split based on boolean or ||
+  this.raw = range;
+  this.set = range.split(/\s*\|\|\s*/).map(function(range) {
+    return this.parseRange(range.trim());
+  }, this).filter(function(c) {
+    // throw out any that are not relevant for whatever reason
+    return c.length;
+  });
+
+  if (!this.set.length) {
+    throw new TypeError('Invalid SemVer Range: ' + range);
+  }
+
+  this.format();
+}
+
+Range.prototype.inspect = function() {
+  return '<SemVer Range "' + this.range + '">';
+};
+
+Range.prototype.format = function() {
+  this.range = this.set.map(function(comps) {
+    return comps.join(' ').trim();
+  }).join('||').trim();
+  return this.range;
+};
+
+Range.prototype.toString = function() {
+  return this.range;
+};
+
+Range.prototype.parseRange = function(range) {
+  var loose = this.loose;
+  range = range.trim();
+  debug('range', range, loose);
+  // `1.2.3 - 1.2.4` => `>=1.2.3 <=1.2.4`
+  var hr = loose ? re[HYPHENRANGELOOSE] : re[HYPHENRANGE];
+  range = range.replace(hr, hyphenReplace);
+  debug('hyphen replace', range);
+  // `> 1.2.3 < 1.2.5` => `>1.2.3 <1.2.5`
+  range = range.replace(re[COMPARATORTRIM], comparatorTrimReplace);
+  debug('comparator trim', range, re[COMPARATORTRIM]);
+
+  // `~ 1.2.3` => `~1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[TILDETRIM], tildeTrimReplace);
+
+  // `^ 1.2.3` => `^1.2.3`
+  range = range.replace(re[CARETTRIM], caretTrimReplace);
+
+  // normalize spaces
+  range = range.split(/\s+/).join(' ');
+
+  // At this point, the range is completely trimmed and
+  // ready to be split into comparators.
+
+  var compRe = loose ? re[COMPARATORLOOSE] : re[COMPARATOR];
+  var set = range.split(' ').map(function(comp) {
+    return parseComparator(comp, loose);
+  }).join(' ').split(/\s+/);
+  if (this.loose) {
+    // in loose mode, throw out any that are not valid comparators
+    set = set.filter(function(comp) {
+      return !!comp.match(compRe);
+    });
+  }
+  set = set.map(function(comp) {
+    return new Comparator(comp, loose);
+  });
+
+  return set;
+};
+
+// Mostly just for testing and legacy API reasons
+exports.toComparators = toComparators;
+function toComparators(range, loose) {
+  return new Range(range, loose).set.map(function(comp) {
+    return comp.map(function(c) {
+      return c.value;
+    }).join(' ').trim().split(' ');
+  });
+}
+
+// comprised of xranges, tildes, stars, and gtlt's at this point.
+// already replaced the hyphen ranges
+// turn into a set of JUST comparators.
+function parseComparator(comp, loose) {
+  debug('comp', comp);
+  comp = replaceCarets(comp, loose);
+  debug('caret', comp);
+  comp = replaceTildes(comp, loose);
+  debug('tildes', comp);
+  comp = replaceXRanges(comp, loose);
+  debug('xrange', comp);
+  comp = replaceStars(comp, loose);
+  debug('stars', comp);
+  return comp;
+}
+
+function isX(id) {
+  return !id || id.toLowerCase() === 'x' || id === '*';
+}
+
+// ~, ~> --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ~2, ~2.x, ~2.x.x, ~>2, ~>2.x ~>2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ~2.0, ~2.0.x, ~>2.0, ~>2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <2.1.0
+// ~1.2, ~1.2.x, ~>1.2, ~>1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.3, ~>1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+// ~1.2.0, ~>1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <1.3.0
+function replaceTildes(comp, loose) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function(comp) {
+    return replaceTilde(comp, loose);
+  }).join(' ');
+}
+
+function replaceTilde(comp, loose) {
+  var r = loose ? re[TILDELOOSE] : re[TILDE];
+  return comp.replace(r, function(_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('tilde', comp, _, M, m, p, pr);
+    var ret;
+
+    if (isX(M))
+      ret = '';
+    else if (isX(m))
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    else if (isX(p))
+      // ~1.2 == >=1.2.0- <1.3.0-
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+    else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceTilde pr', pr);
+      if (pr.charAt(0) !== '-')
+        pr = '-' + pr;
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + pr +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+    } else
+      // ~1.2.3 == >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+            ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+
+    debug('tilde return', ret);
+    return ret;
+  });
+}
+
+// ^ --> * (any, kinda silly)
+// ^2, ^2.x, ^2.x.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^2.0, ^2.0.x --> >=2.0.0 <3.0.0
+// ^1.2, ^1.2.x --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.3 --> >=1.2.3 <2.0.0
+// ^1.2.0 --> >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+function replaceCarets(comp, loose) {
+  return comp.trim().split(/\s+/).map(function(comp) {
+    return replaceCaret(comp, loose);
+  }).join(' ');
+}
+
+function replaceCaret(comp, loose) {
+  debug('caret', comp, loose);
+  var r = loose ? re[CARETLOOSE] : re[CARET];
+  return comp.replace(r, function(_, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('caret', comp, _, M, m, p, pr);
+    var ret;
+
+    if (isX(M))
+      ret = '';
+    else if (isX(m))
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    else if (isX(p)) {
+      if (M === '0')
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+      else
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    } else if (pr) {
+      debug('replaceCaret pr', pr);
+      if (pr.charAt(0) !== '-')
+        pr = '-' + pr;
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0')
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1);
+        else
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + pr +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+      } else
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p + pr +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    } else {
+      debug('no pr');
+      if (M === '0') {
+        if (m === '0')
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + m + '.' + (+p + 1);
+        else
+          ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+                ' <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+      } else
+        ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.' + p +
+              ' <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    }
+
+    debug('caret return', ret);
+    return ret;
+  });
+}
+
+function replaceXRanges(comp, loose) {
+  debug('replaceXRanges', comp, loose);
+  return comp.split(/\s+/).map(function(comp) {
+    return replaceXRange(comp, loose);
+  }).join(' ');
+}
+
+function replaceXRange(comp, loose) {
+  comp = comp.trim();
+  var r = loose ? re[XRANGELOOSE] : re[XRANGE];
+  return comp.replace(r, function(ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr) {
+    debug('xRange', comp, ret, gtlt, M, m, p, pr);
+    var xM = isX(M);
+    var xm = xM || isX(m);
+    var xp = xm || isX(p);
+    var anyX = xp;
+
+    if (gtlt === '=' && anyX)
+      gtlt = '';
+
+    if (xM) {
+      if (gtlt === '>' || gtlt === '<') {
+        // nothing is allowed
+        ret = '<0.0.0';
+      } else {
+        // nothing is forbidden
+        ret = '*';
+      }
+    } else if (gtlt && anyX) {
+      // replace X with 0
+      if (xm)
+        m = 0;
+      if (xp)
+        p = 0;
+
+      if (gtlt === '>') {
+        // >1 => >=2.0.0
+        // >1.2 => >=1.3.0
+        // >1.2.3 => >= 1.2.4
+        gtlt = '>=';
+        if (xm) {
+          M = +M + 1;
+          m = 0;
+          p = 0;
+        } else if (xp) {
+          m = +m + 1;
+          p = 0;
+        }
+      } else if (gtlt === '<=') {
+        // <=0.7.x is actually <0.8.0, since any 0.7.x should
+        // pass.  Similarly, <=7.x is actually <8.0.0, etc.
+        gtlt = '<'
+        if (xm)
+          M = +M + 1
+        else
+          m = +m + 1
+      }
+
+      ret = gtlt + M + '.' + m + '.' + p;
+    } else if (xm) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.0.0 <' + (+M + 1) + '.0.0';
+    } else if (xp) {
+      ret = '>=' + M + '.' + m + '.0 <' + M + '.' + (+m + 1) + '.0';
+    }
+
+    debug('xRange return', ret);
+
+    return ret;
+  });
+}
+
+// Because * is AND-ed with everything else in the comparator,
+// and '' means "any version", just remove the *s entirely.
+function replaceStars(comp, loose) {
+  debug('replaceStars', comp, loose);
+  // Looseness is ignored here.  star is always as loose as it gets!
+  return comp.trim().replace(re[STAR], '');
+}
+
+// This function is passed to string.replace(re[HYPHENRANGE])
+// M, m, patch, prerelease, build
+// 1.2 - 3.4.5 => >=1.2.0 <=3.4.5
+// 1.2.3 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0 Any 3.4.x will do
+// 1.2 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0
+function hyphenReplace($0,
+                       from, fM, fm, fp, fpr, fb,
+                       to, tM, tm, tp, tpr, tb) {
+
+  if (isX(fM))
+    from = '';
+  else if (isX(fm))
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.0.0';
+  else if (isX(fp))
+    from = '>=' + fM + '.' + fm + '.0';
+  else
+    from = '>=' + from;
+
+  if (isX(tM))
+    to = '';
+  else if (isX(tm))
+    to = '<' + (+tM + 1) + '.0.0';
+  else if (isX(tp))
+    to = '<' + tM + '.' + (+tm + 1) + '.0';
+  else if (tpr)
+    to = '<=' + tM + '.' + tm + '.' + tp + '-' + tpr;
+  else
+    to = '<=' + to;
+
+  return (from + ' ' + to).trim();
+}
+
+
+// if ANY of the sets match ALL of its comparators, then pass
+Range.prototype.test = function(version) {
+  if (!version)
+    return false;
+
+  if (typeof version === 'string')
+    version = new SemVer(version, this.loose);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.set.length; i++) {
+    if (testSet(this.set[i], version))
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+function testSet(set, version) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+    if (!set[i].test(version))
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  if (version.prerelease.length) {
+    // Find the set of versions that are allowed to have prereleases
+    // For example, ^1.2.3-pr.1 desugars to >=1.2.3-pr.1 <2.0.0
+    // That should allow `1.2.3-pr.2` to pass.
+    // However, `1.2.4-alpha.notready` should NOT be allowed,
+    // even though it's within the range set by the comparators.
+    for (var i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+      debug(set[i].semver);
+      if (set[i].semver === ANY)
+        return true;
+
+      if (set[i].semver.prerelease.length > 0) {
+        var allowed = set[i].semver;
+        if (allowed.major === version.major &&
+            allowed.minor === version.minor &&
+            allowed.patch === version.patch)
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Version has a -pre, but it's not one of the ones we like.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+exports.satisfies = satisfies;
+function satisfies(version, range, loose) {
+  try {
+    range = new Range(range, loose);
+  } catch (er) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return range.test(version);
+}
+
+exports.maxSatisfying = maxSatisfying;
+function maxSatisfying(versions, range, loose) {
+  return versions.filter(function(version) {
+    return satisfies(version, range, loose);
+  }).sort(function(a, b) {
+    return rcompare(a, b, loose);
+  })[0] || null;
+}
+
+exports.validRange = validRange;
+function validRange(range, loose) {
+  try {
+    // Return '*' instead of '' so that truthiness works.
+    // This will throw if it's invalid anyway
+    return new Range(range, loose).range || '*';
+  } catch (er) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Determine if version is less than all the versions possible in the range
+exports.ltr = ltr;
+function ltr(version, range, loose) {
+  return outside(version, range, '<', loose);
+}
+
+// Determine if version is greater than all the versions possible in the range.
+exports.gtr = gtr;
+function gtr(version, range, loose) {
+  return outside(version, range, '>', loose);
+}
+
+exports.outside = outside;
+function outside(version, range, hilo, loose) {
+  version = new SemVer(version, loose);
+  range = new Range(range, loose);
+
+  var gtfn, ltefn, ltfn, comp, ecomp;
+  switch (hilo) {
+    case '>':
+      gtfn = gt;
+      ltefn = lte;
+      ltfn = lt;
+      comp = '>';
+      ecomp = '>=';
+      break;
+    case '<':
+      gtfn = lt;
+      ltefn = gte;
+      ltfn = gt;
+      comp = '<';
+      ecomp = '<=';
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new TypeError('Must provide a hilo val of "<" or ">"');
+  }
+
+  // If it satisifes the range it is not outside
+  if (satisfies(version, range, loose)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // From now on, variable terms are as if we're in "gtr" mode.
+  // but note that everything is flipped for the "ltr" function.
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < range.set.length; ++i) {
+    var comparators = range.set[i];
+
+    var high = null;
+    var low = null;
+
+    comparators.forEach(function(comparator) {
+      high = high || comparator;
+      low = low || comparator;
+      if (gtfn(comparator.semver, high.semver, loose)) {
+        high = comparator;
+      } else if (ltfn(comparator.semver, low.semver, loose)) {
+        low = comparator;
+      }
+    });
+
+    // If the edge version comparator has a operator then our version
+    // isn't outside it
+    if (high.operator === comp || high.operator === ecomp) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // If the lowest version comparator has an operator and our version
+    // is less than it then it isn't higher than the range
+    if ((!low.operator || low.operator === comp) &&
+        ltefn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (low.operator === ecomp && ltfn(version, low.semver)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Use the define() function if we're in AMD land
+if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd)
+  define(exports);