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1 <h1>Markdown: Basics</h1> | |
2 | |
3 <ul id="ProjectSubmenu"> | |
4 <li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li
> | |
5 <li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li> | |
6 <li><a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation
">Syntax</a></li> | |
7 <li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Informat
ion">License</a></li> | |
8 <li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Din
gus</a></li> | |
9 </ul> | |
10 | |
11 <h2>Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax</h2> | |
12 | |
13 <p>This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown. | |
14 The <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax">syntax page</a>
provides complete, detailed documentation for | |
15 every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by | |
16 looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page | |
17 are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the | |
18 HTML output produced by Markdown.</p> | |
19 | |
20 <p>It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the <a href="/projects/markdown
/dingus" title="Markdown Dingus">Dingus</a> is a | |
21 web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text | |
22 and translate it to XHTML.</p> | |
23 | |
24 <p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you | |
25 can <a href="/projects/markdown/basics.text">see the source for it by adding '.t
ext' to the URL</a>.</p> | |
26 | |
27 <h2>Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes</h2> | |
28 | |
29 <p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated | |
30 by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a | |
31 blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered | |
32 blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p> | |
33 | |
34 <p>Markdown offers two styles of headers: <em>Setext</em> and <em>atx</em>. | |
35 Setext-style headers for <code><h1></code> and <code><h2></code> are
created by | |
36 "underlining" with equal signs (<code>=</code>) and hyphens (<code>-</code>), re
spectively. | |
37 To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (<code>#</code>) at the | |
38 beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting | |
39 HTML header level.</p> | |
40 | |
41 <p>Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '<code>></code>' angle bracket
s.</p> | |
42 | |
43 <p>Markdown:</p> | |
44 | |
45 <pre><code>A First Level Header | |
46 ==================== | |
47 | |
48 A Second Level Header | |
49 --------------------- | |
50 | |
51 Now is the time for all good men to come to | |
52 the aid of their country. This is just a | |
53 regular paragraph. | |
54 | |
55 The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy | |
56 dog's back. | |
57 | |
58 ### Header 3 | |
59 | |
60 > This is a blockquote. | |
61 > | |
62 > This is the second paragraph in the blockquote. | |
63 > | |
64 > ## This is an H2 in a blockquote | |
65 </code></pre> | |
66 | |
67 <p>Output:</p> | |
68 | |
69 <pre><code><h1>A First Level Header</h1> | |
70 | |
71 <h2>A Second Level Header</h2> | |
72 | |
73 <p>Now is the time for all good men to come to | |
74 the aid of their country. This is just a | |
75 regular paragraph.</p> | |
76 | |
77 <p>The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy | |
78 dog's back.</p> | |
79 | |
80 <h3>Header 3</h3> | |
81 | |
82 <blockquote> | |
83 <p>This is a blockquote.</p> | |
84 | |
85 <p>This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.</p> | |
86 | |
87 <h2>This is an H2 in a blockquote</h2> | |
88 </blockquote> | |
89 </code></pre> | |
90 | |
91 <h3>Phrase Emphasis</h3> | |
92 | |
93 <p>Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.</p> | |
94 | |
95 <p>Markdown:</p> | |
96 | |
97 <pre><code>Some of these words *are emphasized*. | |
98 Some of these words _are emphasized also_. | |
99 | |
100 Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**. | |
101 Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__. | |
102 </code></pre> | |
103 | |
104 <p>Output:</p> | |
105 | |
106 <pre><code><p>Some of these words <em>are emphasized</em>. | |
107 Some of these words <em>are emphasized also</em>.</p> | |
108 | |
109 <p>Use two asterisks for <strong>strong emphasis</strong>. | |
110 Or, if you prefer, <strong>use two underscores instead</strong>.<
/p> | |
111 </code></pre> | |
112 | |
113 <h2>Lists</h2> | |
114 | |
115 <p>Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (<code>*</code>
, | |
116 <code>+</code>, and <code>-</code>) as list markers. These three markers are | |
117 interchangable; this:</p> | |
118 | |
119 <pre><code>* Candy. | |
120 * Gum. | |
121 * Booze. | |
122 </code></pre> | |
123 | |
124 <p>this:</p> | |
125 | |
126 <pre><code>+ Candy. | |
127 + Gum. | |
128 + Booze. | |
129 </code></pre> | |
130 | |
131 <p>and this:</p> | |
132 | |
133 <pre><code>- Candy. | |
134 - Gum. | |
135 - Booze. | |
136 </code></pre> | |
137 | |
138 <p>all produce the same output:</p> | |
139 | |
140 <pre><code><ul> | |
141 <li>Candy.</li> | |
142 <li>Gum.</li> | |
143 <li>Booze.</li> | |
144 </ul> | |
145 </code></pre> | |
146 | |
147 <p>Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as | |
148 list markers:</p> | |
149 | |
150 <pre><code>1. Red | |
151 2. Green | |
152 3. Blue | |
153 </code></pre> | |
154 | |
155 <p>Output:</p> | |
156 | |
157 <pre><code><ol> | |
158 <li>Red</li> | |
159 <li>Green</li> | |
160 <li>Blue</li> | |
161 </ol> | |
162 </code></pre> | |
163 | |
164 <p>If you put blank lines between items, you'll get <code><p></code> tags
for the | |
165 list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting | |
166 the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:</p> | |
167 | |
168 <pre><code>* A list item. | |
169 | |
170 With multiple paragraphs. | |
171 | |
172 * Another item in the list. | |
173 </code></pre> | |
174 | |
175 <p>Output:</p> | |
176 | |
177 <pre><code><ul> | |
178 <li><p>A list item.</p> | |
179 <p>With multiple paragraphs.</p></li> | |
180 <li><p>Another item in the list.</p></li> | |
181 </ul> | |
182 </code></pre> | |
183 | |
184 <h3>Links</h3> | |
185 | |
186 <p>Markdown supports two styles for creating links: <em>inline</em> and | |
187 <em>reference</em>. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the | |
188 text you want to turn into a link.</p> | |
189 | |
190 <p>Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text. | |
191 For example:</p> | |
192 | |
193 <pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/). | |
194 </code></pre> | |
195 | |
196 <p>Output:</p> | |
197 | |
198 <pre><code><p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/"> | |
199 example link</a>.</p> | |
200 </code></pre> | |
201 | |
202 <p>Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:</p> | |
203 | |
204 <pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title"). | |
205 </code></pre> | |
206 | |
207 <p>Output:</p> | |
208 | |
209 <pre><code><p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Ti
tle"> | |
210 example link</a>.</p> | |
211 </code></pre> | |
212 | |
213 <p>Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which | |
214 you define elsewhere in your document:</p> | |
215 | |
216 <pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from | |
217 [Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3]. | |
218 | |
219 [1]: http://google.com/ "Google" | |
220 [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search" | |
221 [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search" | |
222 </code></pre> | |
223 | |
224 <p>Output:</p> | |
225 | |
226 <pre><code><p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.c
om/" | |
227 title="Google">Google</a> than from <a href="http://search.yahoo.com
/" | |
228 title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" | |
229 title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p> | |
230 </code></pre> | |
231 | |
232 <p>The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters, | |
233 numbers and spaces, but are <em>not</em> case sensitive:</p> | |
234 | |
235 <pre><code>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and | |
236 [The New York Times][NY Times]. | |
237 | |
238 [ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/ | |
239 </code></pre> | |
240 | |
241 <p>Output:</p> | |
242 | |
243 <pre><code><p>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and | |
244 <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/">The New York Times</a>.</p> | |
245 </code></pre> | |
246 | |
247 <h3>Images</h3> | |
248 | |
249 <p>Image syntax is very much like link syntax.</p> | |
250 | |
251 <p>Inline (titles are optional):</p> | |
252 | |
253 <pre><code> | |
254 </code></pre> | |
255 | |
256 <p>Reference-style:</p> | |
257 | |
258 <pre><code>![alt text][id] | |
259 | |
260 [id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title" | |
261 </code></pre> | |
262 | |
263 <p>Both of the above examples produce the same output:</p> | |
264 | |
265 <pre><code><img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" /> | |
266 </code></pre> | |
267 | |
268 <h3>Code</h3> | |
269 | |
270 <p>In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in | |
271 backtick quotes. Any ampersands (<code>&</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&
lt;</code> or | |
272 <code>></code>) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This mak
es | |
273 it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:</p> | |
274 | |
275 <pre><code>I strongly recommend against using any `<blink>` tags. | |
276 | |
277 I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&mdash;` | |
278 instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&#8212;`. | |
279 </code></pre> | |
280 | |
281 <p>Output:</p> | |
282 | |
283 <pre><code><p>I strongly recommend against using any | |
284 <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p> | |
285 | |
286 <p>I wish SmartyPants used named entities like | |
287 <code>&amp;mdash;</code> instead of decimal-encoded | |
288 entites like <code>&amp;#8212;</code>.</p> | |
289 </code></pre> | |
290 | |
291 <p>To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of | |
292 the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, <code>&</code>, <
code><</code>, | |
293 and <code>></code> characters will be escaped automatically.</p> | |
294 | |
295 <p>Markdown:</p> | |
296 | |
297 <pre><code>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict, | |
298 you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes: | |
299 | |
300 <blockquote> | |
301 <p>For example.</p> | |
302 </blockquote> | |
303 </code></pre> | |
304 | |
305 <p>Output:</p> | |
306 | |
307 <pre><code><p>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict, | |
308 you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:</p> | |
309 | |
310 <pre><code>&lt;blockquote&gt; | |
311 &lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt; | |
312 &lt;/blockquote&gt; | |
313 </code></pre> | |
314 </code></pre> | |
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