Extract incremental resolver classes into separate files.

pkg/analyzer/lib/src/generated/incremental_resolver.dart

+// Copyright (c) 2014, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library engine.incremental_resolver;
+
+import 'dart:collection';
+
+import 'ast.dart';
+import 'element.dart';
+import 'error.dart';
+import 'java_engine.dart';
+import 'resolver.dart';
+import 'scanner.dart';
+import 'source.dart';
+
+
+/**
+ * Instances of the class [DeclarationMatcher] determine whether the element
+ * model defined by a given AST structure matches an existing element model.
+ */
+class DeclarationMatcher extends RecursiveAstVisitor<Object> {
+  /**
+   * The compilation unit containing the AST nodes being visited.
+   */
+  CompilationUnitElement _enclosingUnit;
+
+  /**
+   * The function type alias containing the AST nodes being visited, or `null` if we are not
+   * in the scope of a function type alias.
+   */
+  FunctionTypeAliasElement _enclosingAlias;
+
+  /**
+   * The class containing the AST nodes being visited, or `null` if we are not in the scope of
+   * a class.
+   */
+  ClassElement _enclosingClass;
+
+  /**
+   * The method or function containing the AST nodes being visited, or `null` if we are not in
+   * the scope of a method or function.
+   */
+  ExecutableElement _enclosingExecutable;
+
+  /**
+   * The parameter containing the AST nodes being visited, or `null` if we are not in the
+   * scope of a parameter.
+   */
+  ParameterElement _enclosingParameter;
+
+  /**
+   * A set containing all of the elements in the element model that were defined by the old AST node
+   * corresponding to the AST node being visited.
+   */
+  HashSet<Element> _allElements = new HashSet<Element>();
+
+  /**
+   * A set containing all of the elements in the element model that were defined by the old AST node
+   * corresponding to the AST node being visited that have not already been matched to nodes in the
+   * AST structure being visited.
+   */
+  HashSet<Element> _unmatchedElements = new HashSet<Element>();
+
+  /**
+   * Return `true` if the declarations within the given AST structure define an element model
+   * that is equivalent to the corresponding elements rooted at the given element.
+   *
+   * @param node the AST structure being compared to the element model
+   * @param element the root of the element model being compared to the AST structure
+   * @return `true` if the AST structure defines the same elements as those in the given
+   *         element model
+   */
+  bool matches(AstNode node, Element element) {
+    _captureEnclosingElements(element);
+    _gatherElements(element);
+    try {
+      node.accept(this);
+    } on _DeclarationMismatchException catch (exception) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return _unmatchedElements.isEmpty;
+  }
+
+  void processElement(Element element) {
+    if (element == null) {
+      throw new _DeclarationMismatchException();
+    }
+    if (!_allElements.contains(element)) {
+      throw new _DeclarationMismatchException();
+    }
+    _unmatchedElements.remove(element);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitCatchClause(CatchClause node) {
+    SimpleIdentifier exceptionParameter = node.exceptionParameter;
+    if (exceptionParameter != null) {
+      List<LocalVariableElement> localVariables =
+          _enclosingExecutable.localVariables;
+      LocalVariableElement exceptionElement =
+          _findIdentifier(localVariables, exceptionParameter);
+      processElement(exceptionElement);
+      SimpleIdentifier stackTraceParameter = node.stackTraceParameter;
+      if (stackTraceParameter != null) {
+        LocalVariableElement stackTraceElement =
+            _findIdentifier(localVariables, stackTraceParameter);
+        processElement(stackTraceElement);
+      }
+    }
+    return super.visitCatchClause(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitClassDeclaration(ClassDeclaration node) {
+    ClassElement outerClass = _enclosingClass;
+    try {
+      SimpleIdentifier className = node.name;
+      _enclosingClass = _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.types, className);
+      processElement(_enclosingClass);
+      if (!_hasConstructor(node)) {
+        ConstructorElement constructor = _enclosingClass.unnamedConstructor;
+        if (constructor.isSynthetic) {
+          processElement(constructor);
+        }
+      }
+      return super.visitClassDeclaration(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingClass = outerClass;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitClassTypeAlias(ClassTypeAlias node) {
+    ClassElement outerClass = _enclosingClass;
+    try {
+      SimpleIdentifier className = node.name;
+      _enclosingClass = _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.types, className);
+      processElement(_enclosingClass);
+      return super.visitClassTypeAlias(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingClass = outerClass;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitCompilationUnit(CompilationUnit node) {
+    processElement(_enclosingUnit);
+    return super.visitCompilationUnit(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitConstructorDeclaration(ConstructorDeclaration node) {
+    ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+    try {
+      SimpleIdentifier constructorName = node.name;
+      if (constructorName == null) {
+        _enclosingExecutable = _enclosingClass.unnamedConstructor;
+      } else {
+        _enclosingExecutable =
+            _enclosingClass.getNamedConstructor(constructorName.name);
+      }
+      processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+      return super.visitConstructorDeclaration(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitDeclaredIdentifier(DeclaredIdentifier node) {
+    SimpleIdentifier variableName = node.identifier;
+    LocalVariableElement element =
+        _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.localVariables, variableName);
+    processElement(element);
+    return super.visitDeclaredIdentifier(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitDefaultFormalParameter(DefaultFormalParameter node) {
+    SimpleIdentifier parameterName = node.parameter.identifier;
+    ParameterElement element = _getElementForParameter(node, parameterName);
+    Expression defaultValue = node.defaultValue;
+    if (defaultValue != null) {
+      ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+      try {
+        if (element == null) {
+          // TODO(brianwilkerson) Report this internal error.
+        } else {
+          _enclosingExecutable = element.initializer;
+        }
+        defaultValue.accept(this);
+      } finally {
+        _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+      }
+      processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+    }
+    ParameterElement outerParameter = _enclosingParameter;
+    try {
+      _enclosingParameter = element;
+      processElement(_enclosingParameter);
+      return super.visitDefaultFormalParameter(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingParameter = outerParameter;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitEnumDeclaration(EnumDeclaration node) {
+    ClassElement enclosingEnum =
+        _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.enums, node.name);
+    processElement(enclosingEnum);
+    List<FieldElement> constants = enclosingEnum.fields;
+    for (EnumConstantDeclaration constant in node.constants) {
+      FieldElement constantElement = _findIdentifier(constants, constant.name);
+      processElement(constantElement);
+    }
+    return super.visitEnumDeclaration(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitExportDirective(ExportDirective node) {
+    String uri = _getStringValue(node.uri);
+    if (uri != null) {
+      LibraryElement library = _enclosingUnit.library;
+      ExportElement exportElement = _findExport(
+          library.exports,
+          _enclosingUnit.context.sourceFactory.resolveUri(_enclosingUnit.source, uri));
+      processElement(exportElement);
+    }
+    return super.visitExportDirective(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitFieldFormalParameter(FieldFormalParameter node) {
+    if (node.parent is! DefaultFormalParameter) {
+      SimpleIdentifier parameterName = node.identifier;
+      ParameterElement element = _getElementForParameter(node, parameterName);
+      ParameterElement outerParameter = _enclosingParameter;
+      try {
+        _enclosingParameter = element;
+        processElement(_enclosingParameter);
+        return super.visitFieldFormalParameter(node);
+      } finally {
+        _enclosingParameter = outerParameter;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return super.visitFieldFormalParameter(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitFunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration node) {
+    ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+    try {
+      SimpleIdentifier functionName = node.name;
+      Token property = node.propertyKeyword;
+      if (property == null) {
+        if (_enclosingExecutable != null) {
+          _enclosingExecutable =
+              _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.functions, functionName);
+        } else {
+          _enclosingExecutable =
+              _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.functions, functionName);
+        }
+      } else {
+        PropertyAccessorElement accessor =
+            _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.accessors, functionName);
+        if ((property as KeywordToken).keyword == Keyword.SET) {
+          accessor = accessor.variable.setter;
+        }
+        _enclosingExecutable = accessor;
+      }
+      processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+      return super.visitFunctionDeclaration(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitFunctionExpression(FunctionExpression node) {
+    if (node.parent is! FunctionDeclaration) {
+      FunctionElement element =
+          _findAtOffset(_enclosingExecutable.functions, node.beginToken.offset);
+      processElement(element);
+    }
+    ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+    try {
+      _enclosingExecutable = node.element;
+      processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+      return super.visitFunctionExpression(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitFunctionTypeAlias(FunctionTypeAlias node) {
+    FunctionTypeAliasElement outerAlias = _enclosingAlias;
+    try {
+      SimpleIdentifier aliasName = node.name;
+      _enclosingAlias =
+          _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.functionTypeAliases, aliasName);
+      processElement(_enclosingAlias);
+      return super.visitFunctionTypeAlias(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingAlias = outerAlias;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitFunctionTypedFormalParameter(FunctionTypedFormalParameter node) {
+    if (node.parent is! DefaultFormalParameter) {
+      SimpleIdentifier parameterName = node.identifier;
+      ParameterElement element = _getElementForParameter(node, parameterName);
+      ParameterElement outerParameter = _enclosingParameter;
+      try {
+        _enclosingParameter = element;
+        processElement(_enclosingParameter);
+        return super.visitFunctionTypedFormalParameter(node);
+      } finally {
+        _enclosingParameter = outerParameter;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return super.visitFunctionTypedFormalParameter(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitImportDirective(ImportDirective node) {
+    String uri = _getStringValue(node.uri);
+    if (uri != null) {
+      LibraryElement library = _enclosingUnit.library;
+      ImportElement importElement = _findImport(
+          library.imports,
+          _enclosingUnit.context.sourceFactory.resolveUri(_enclosingUnit.source, uri),
+          node.prefix);
+      processElement(importElement);
+    }
+    return super.visitImportDirective(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitLabeledStatement(LabeledStatement node) {
+    for (Label label in node.labels) {
+      SimpleIdentifier labelName = label.label;
+      LabelElement element =
+          _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.labels, labelName);
+      processElement(element);
+    }
+    return super.visitLabeledStatement(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitMethodDeclaration(MethodDeclaration node) {
+    ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+    try {
+      Token property = node.propertyKeyword;
+      SimpleIdentifier methodName = node.name;
+      String nameOfMethod = methodName.name;
+      if (nameOfMethod == TokenType.MINUS.lexeme &&
+          node.parameters.parameters.length == 0) {
+        nameOfMethod = "unary-";
+      }
+      if (property == null) {
+        _enclosingExecutable = _findWithNameAndOffset(
+            _enclosingClass.methods,
+            nameOfMethod,
+            methodName.offset);
+        methodName.staticElement = _enclosingExecutable;
+      } else {
+        PropertyAccessorElement accessor =
+            _findIdentifier(_enclosingClass.accessors, methodName);
+        if ((property as KeywordToken).keyword == Keyword.SET) {
+          accessor = accessor.variable.setter;
+          methodName.staticElement = accessor;
+        }
+        _enclosingExecutable = accessor;
+      }
+      processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+      return super.visitMethodDeclaration(node);
+    } finally {
+      _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitPartDirective(PartDirective node) {
+    String uri = _getStringValue(node.uri);
+    if (uri != null) {
+      Source partSource =
+          _enclosingUnit.context.sourceFactory.resolveUri(_enclosingUnit.source, uri);
+      CompilationUnitElement element =
+          _findPart(_enclosingUnit.library.parts, partSource);
+      processElement(element);
+    }
+    return super.visitPartDirective(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitSimpleFormalParameter(SimpleFormalParameter node) {
+    if (node.parent is! DefaultFormalParameter) {
+      SimpleIdentifier parameterName = node.identifier;
+      ParameterElement element = _getElementForParameter(node, parameterName);
+      ParameterElement outerParameter = _enclosingParameter;
+      try {
+        _enclosingParameter = element;
+        processElement(_enclosingParameter);
+        return super.visitSimpleFormalParameter(node);
+      } finally {
+        _enclosingParameter = outerParameter;
+      }
+    } else {
+    }
+    return super.visitSimpleFormalParameter(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitSwitchCase(SwitchCase node) {
+    for (Label label in node.labels) {
+      SimpleIdentifier labelName = label.label;
+      LabelElement element =
+          _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.labels, labelName);
+      processElement(element);
+    }
+    return super.visitSwitchCase(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitSwitchDefault(SwitchDefault node) {
+    for (Label label in node.labels) {
+      SimpleIdentifier labelName = label.label;
+      LabelElement element =
+          _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.labels, labelName);
+      processElement(element);
+    }
+    return super.visitSwitchDefault(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitTypeParameter(TypeParameter node) {
+    SimpleIdentifier parameterName = node.name;
+    TypeParameterElement element = null;
+    if (_enclosingClass != null) {
+      element = _findIdentifier(_enclosingClass.typeParameters, parameterName);
+    } else if (_enclosingAlias != null) {
+      element = _findIdentifier(_enclosingAlias.typeParameters, parameterName);
+    }
+    processElement(element);
+    return super.visitTypeParameter(node);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Object visitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclaration node) {
+    VariableElement element = null;
+    SimpleIdentifier variableName = node.name;
+    if (_enclosingExecutable != null) {
+      element =
+          _findIdentifier(_enclosingExecutable.localVariables, variableName);
+    }
+    if (element == null && _enclosingClass != null) {
+      element = _findIdentifier(_enclosingClass.fields, variableName);
+    }
+    if (element == null && _enclosingUnit != null) {
+      element = _findIdentifier(_enclosingUnit.topLevelVariables, variableName);
+    }
+    Expression initializer = node.initializer;
+    if (initializer != null) {
+      ExecutableElement outerExecutable = _enclosingExecutable;
+      try {
+        if (element == null) {
+          // TODO(brianwilkerson) Report this internal error.
+        } else {
+          _enclosingExecutable = element.initializer;
+        }
+        processElement(element);
+        processElement(_enclosingExecutable);
+        return super.visitVariableDeclaration(node);
+      } finally {
+        _enclosingExecutable = outerExecutable;
+      }
+    }
+    return super.visitVariableDeclaration(node);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given that the comparison is to begin with the given element, capture the enclosing elements
+   * that might be used while performing the comparison.
+   *
+   * @param element the element corresponding to the AST structure to be compared
+   */
+  void _captureEnclosingElements(Element element) {
+    Element parent =
+        element is CompilationUnitElement ? element : element.enclosingElement;
+    while (parent != null) {
+      if (parent is CompilationUnitElement) {
+        _enclosingUnit = parent as CompilationUnitElement;
+      } else if (parent is ClassElement) {
+        if (_enclosingClass == null) {
+          _enclosingClass = parent as ClassElement;
+        }
+      } else if (parent is FunctionTypeAliasElement) {
+        if (_enclosingAlias == null) {
+          _enclosingAlias = parent as FunctionTypeAliasElement;
+        }
+      } else if (parent is ExecutableElement) {
+        if (_enclosingExecutable == null) {
+          _enclosingExecutable = parent as ExecutableElement;
+        }
+      } else if (parent is ParameterElement) {
+        if (_enclosingParameter == null) {
+          _enclosingParameter = parent as ParameterElement;
+        }
+      }
+      parent = parent.enclosingElement;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the element in the given array of elements that was created for the declaration at the
+   * given offset. This method should only be used when there is no name
+   *
+   * @param elements the elements of the appropriate kind that exist in the current context
+   * @param offset the offset of the name of the element to be returned
+   * @return the element at the given offset
+   */
+  Element _findAtOffset(List<Element> elements, int offset) =>
+      _findWithNameAndOffset(elements, "", offset);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the export element from the given array whose library has the given source, or
+   * `null` if there is no such export.
+   *
+   * @param exports the export elements being searched
+   * @param source the source of the library associated with the export element to being searched
+   *          for
+   * @return the export element whose library has the given source
+   */
+  ExportElement _findExport(List<ExportElement> exports, Source source) {
+    for (ExportElement export in exports) {
+      if (export.exportedLibrary.source == source) {
+        return export;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the element in the given array of elements that was created for the declaration with the
+   * given name.
+   *
+   * @param elements the elements of the appropriate kind that exist in the current context
+   * @param identifier the name node in the declaration of the element to be returned
+   * @return the element created for the declaration with the given name
+   */
+  Element _findIdentifier(List<Element> elements,
+      SimpleIdentifier identifier) =>
+      _findWithNameAndOffset(elements, identifier.name, identifier.offset);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the import element from the given array whose library has the given source and that has
+   * the given prefix, or `null` if there is no such import.
+   *
+   * @param imports the import elements being searched
+   * @param source the source of the library associated with the import element to being searched
+   *          for
+   * @param prefix the prefix with which the library was imported
+   * @return the import element whose library has the given source and prefix
+   */
+  ImportElement _findImport(List<ImportElement> imports, Source source,
+      SimpleIdentifier prefix) {
+    for (ImportElement element in imports) {
+      if (element.importedLibrary.source == source) {
+        PrefixElement prefixElement = element.prefix;
+        if (prefix == null) {
+          if (prefixElement == null) {
+            return element;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (prefixElement != null &&
+              prefix.name == prefixElement.displayName) {
+            return element;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the element for the part with the given source, or `null` if there is no element
+   * for the given source.
+   *
+   * @param parts the elements for the parts
+   * @param partSource the source for the part whose element is to be returned
+   * @return the element for the part with the given source
+   */
+  CompilationUnitElement _findPart(List<CompilationUnitElement> parts,
+      Source partSource) {
+    for (CompilationUnitElement part in parts) {
+      if (part.source == partSource) {
+        return part;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the element in the given array of elements that was created for the declaration with the
+   * given name at the given offset.
+   *
+   * @param elements the elements of the appropriate kind that exist in the current context
+   * @param name the name of the element to be returned
+   * @param offset the offset of the name of the element to be returned
+   * @return the element with the given name and offset
+   */
+  Element _findWithNameAndOffset(List<Element> elements, String name,
+      int offset) {
+    for (Element element in elements) {
+      if (element.displayName == name && element.nameOffset == offset) {
+        return element;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  void _gatherElements(Element element) {
+    element.accept(new _ElementsGatherer(this));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Search the most closely enclosing list of parameters for a parameter with the given name.
+   *
+   * @param node the node defining the parameter with the given name
+   * @param parameterName the name of the parameter being searched for
+   * @return the element representing the parameter with that name
+   */
+  ParameterElement _getElementForParameter(FormalParameter node,
+      SimpleIdentifier parameterName) {
+    List<ParameterElement> parameters = null;
+    if (_enclosingParameter != null) {
+      parameters = _enclosingParameter.parameters;
+    }
+    if (parameters == null && _enclosingExecutable != null) {
+      parameters = _enclosingExecutable.parameters;
+    }
+    if (parameters == null && _enclosingAlias != null) {
+      parameters = _enclosingAlias.parameters;
+    }
+    return parameters == null ?
+        null :
+        _findIdentifier(parameters, parameterName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the value of the given string literal, or `null` if the string is not a constant
+   * string without any string interpolation.
+   *
+   * @param literal the string literal whose value is to be returned
+   * @return the value of the given string literal
+   */
+  String _getStringValue(StringLiteral literal) {
+    if (literal is StringInterpolation) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return literal.stringValue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return `true` if the given class defines at least one constructor.
+   *
+   * @param node the class being tested
+   * @return `true` if the class defines at least one constructor
+   */
+  bool _hasConstructor(ClassDeclaration node) {
+    for (ClassMember member in node.members) {
+      if (member is ConstructorDeclaration) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Instances of the class [IncrementalResolver] resolve the smallest portion of
+ * an AST structure that we currently know how to resolve.
+ */
+class IncrementalResolver {
+  /**
+   * The element for the library containing the compilation unit being visited.
+   */
+  final LibraryElement _definingLibrary;
+
+  /**
+   * The source representing the compilation unit being visited.
+   */
+  final Source _source;
+
+  /**
+   * The object used to access the types from the core library.
+   */
+  final TypeProvider _typeProvider;
+
+  /**
+   * The error listener that will be informed of any errors that are found during resolution.
+   */
+  final AnalysisErrorListener _errorListener;
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a newly created incremental resolver to resolve a node in the given source in the
+   * given library, reporting errors to the given error listener.
+   *
+   * @param definingLibrary the element for the library containing the compilation unit being
+   *          visited
+   * @param source the source representing the compilation unit being visited
+   * @param typeProvider the object used to access the types from the core library
+   * @param errorListener the error listener that will be informed of any errors that are found
+   *          during resolution
+   */
+  IncrementalResolver(this._definingLibrary, this._source, this._typeProvider,
+      this._errorListener);
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the given node, reporting any errors or warnings to the given listener.
+   *
+   * @param node the root of the AST structure to be resolved
+   * @throws AnalysisException if the node could not be resolved
+   */
+  void resolve(AstNode node) {
+    AstNode rootNode = _findResolutionRoot(node);
+    Scope scope = ScopeBuilder.scopeFor(rootNode, _errorListener);
+    if (_elementModelChanged(rootNode.parent)) {
+      throw new AnalysisException("Cannot resolve node: element model changed");
+    }
+    _resolveTypes(node, scope);
+    _resolveVariables(node, scope);
+    _resolveReferences(node, scope);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return `true` if the given node can be resolved independently of any other nodes.
+   *
+   * <b>Note:</b> This method needs to be kept in sync with [ScopeBuilder.scopeForAstNode].
+   *
+   * @param node the node being tested
+   * @return `true` if the given node can be resolved independently of any other nodes
+   */
+  bool _canBeResolved(AstNode node) =>
+      node is ClassDeclaration ||
+          node is ClassTypeAlias ||
+          node is CompilationUnit ||
+          node is ConstructorDeclaration ||
+          node is FunctionDeclaration ||
+          node is FunctionTypeAlias ||
+          node is MethodDeclaration;
+
+  /**
+   * Return `true` if the portion of the element model defined by the given node has changed.
+   *
+   * @param node the node defining the portion of the element model being tested
+   * @return `true` if the element model defined by the given node has changed
+   * @throws AnalysisException if the correctness of the element model cannot be determined
+   */
+  bool _elementModelChanged(AstNode node) {
+    Element element = _getElement(node);
+    if (element == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+          "Cannot resolve node: a ${node.runtimeType} does not define an element");
+    }
+    DeclarationMatcher matcher = new DeclarationMatcher();
+    return !matcher.matches(node, element);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Starting at the given node, find the smallest AST node that can be resolved independently of
+   * any other nodes. Return the node that was found.
+   *
+   * @param node the node at which the search is to begin
+   * @return the smallest AST node that can be resolved independently of any other nodes
+   * @throws AnalysisException if there is no such node
+   */
+  AstNode _findResolutionRoot(AstNode node) {
+    AstNode result = node;
+    AstNode parent = result.parent;
+    while (parent != null && !_canBeResolved(parent)) {
+      result = parent;
+      parent = result.parent;
+    }
+    if (parent == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException("Cannot resolve node: no resolvable node");
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the element defined by the given node, or `null` if the node does not define an
+   * element.
+   *
+   * @param node the node defining the element to be returned
+   * @return the element defined by the given node
+   */
+  Element _getElement(AstNode node) {
+    if (node is Declaration) {
+      return node.element;
+    } else if (node is CompilationUnit) {
+      return node.element;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  void _resolveReferences(AstNode node, Scope scope) {
+    ResolverVisitor visitor = new ResolverVisitor.con3(
+        _definingLibrary,
+        _source,
+        _typeProvider,
+        scope,
+        _errorListener);
+    node.accept(visitor);
+  }
+
+  void _resolveTypes(AstNode node, Scope scope) {
+    TypeResolverVisitor visitor = new TypeResolverVisitor.con3(
+        _definingLibrary,
+        _source,
+        _typeProvider,
+        scope,
+        _errorListener);
+    node.accept(visitor);
+  }
+
+  void _resolveVariables(AstNode node, Scope scope) {
+    VariableResolverVisitor visitor = new VariableResolverVisitor.con2(
+        _definingLibrary,
+        _source,
+        _typeProvider,
+        scope,
+        _errorListener);
+    node.accept(visitor);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Instances of the class [ScopeBuilder] build the scope for a given node in an
+ * AST structure. At the moment, this class only handles top-level and
+ * class-level declarations.
+ */
+class ScopeBuilder {
+  /**
+   * The listener to which analysis errors will be reported.
+   */
+  final AnalysisErrorListener _errorListener;
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a newly created scope builder to generate a scope that will report errors to the
+   * given listener.
+   *
+   * @param errorListener the listener to which analysis errors will be reported
+   */
+  ScopeBuilder(this._errorListener);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the scope in which the given AST structure should be resolved.
+   *
+   * <b>Note:</b> This method needs to be kept in sync with
+   * [IncrementalResolver.canBeResolved].
+   *
+   * @param node the root of the AST structure to be resolved
+   * @return the scope in which the given AST structure should be resolved
+   * @throws AnalysisException if the AST structure has not been resolved or is not part of a
+   *           [CompilationUnit]
+   */
+  Scope _scopeForAstNode(AstNode node) {
+    if (node is CompilationUnit) {
+      return _scopeForCompilationUnit(node);
+    }
+    AstNode parent = node.parent;
+    if (parent == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+          "Cannot create scope: node is not part of a CompilationUnit");
+    }
+    Scope scope = _scopeForAstNode(parent);
+    if (node is ClassDeclaration) {
+      ClassElement element = node.element;
+      if (element == null) {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Cannot build a scope for an unresolved class");
+      }
+      scope = new ClassScope(new TypeParameterScope(scope, element), element);
+    } else if (node is ClassTypeAlias) {
+      ClassElement element = node.element;
+      if (element == null) {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Cannot build a scope for an unresolved class type alias");
+      }
+      scope = new ClassScope(new TypeParameterScope(scope, element), element);
+    } else if (node is ConstructorDeclaration) {
+      ConstructorElement element = node.element;
+      if (element == null) {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Cannot build a scope for an unresolved constructor");
+      }
+      FunctionScope functionScope = new FunctionScope(scope, element);
+      functionScope.defineParameters();
+      scope = functionScope;
+    } else if (node is FunctionDeclaration) {
+      ExecutableElement element = node.element;
+      if (element == null) {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Cannot build a scope for an unresolved function");
+      }
+      FunctionScope functionScope = new FunctionScope(scope, element);
+      functionScope.defineParameters();
+      scope = functionScope;
+    } else if (node is FunctionTypeAlias) {
+      scope = new FunctionTypeScope(scope, node.element);
+    } else if (node is MethodDeclaration) {
+      ExecutableElement element = node.element;
+      if (element == null) {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Cannot build a scope for an unresolved method");
+      }
+      FunctionScope functionScope = new FunctionScope(scope, element);
+      functionScope.defineParameters();
+      scope = functionScope;
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  Scope _scopeForCompilationUnit(CompilationUnit node) {
+    CompilationUnitElement unitElement = node.element;
+    if (unitElement == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+          "Cannot create scope: compilation unit is not resolved");
+    }
+    LibraryElement libraryElement = unitElement.library;
+    if (libraryElement == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+          "Cannot create scope: compilation unit is not part of a library");
+    }
+    return new LibraryScope(libraryElement, _errorListener);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the scope in which the given AST structure should be resolved.
+   *
+   * @param node the root of the AST structure to be resolved
+   * @param errorListener the listener to which analysis errors will be reported
+   * @return the scope in which the given AST structure should be resolved
+   * @throws AnalysisException if the AST structure has not been resolved or is not part of a
+   *           [CompilationUnit]
+   */
+  static Scope scopeFor(AstNode node, AnalysisErrorListener errorListener) {
+    if (node == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException("Cannot create scope: node is null");
+    } else if (node is CompilationUnit) {
+      ScopeBuilder builder = new ScopeBuilder(errorListener);
+      return builder._scopeForAstNode(node);
+    }
+    AstNode parent = node.parent;
+    if (parent == null) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+          "Cannot create scope: node is not part of a CompilationUnit");
+    }
+    ScopeBuilder builder = new ScopeBuilder(errorListener);
+    return builder._scopeForAstNode(parent);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Instances of the class [_DeclarationMismatchException] represent an exception
+ * that is thrown when the element model defined by a given AST structure does
+ * not match an existing element model.
+ */
+class _DeclarationMismatchException {
+}
+
+
+class _ElementsGatherer extends GeneralizingElementVisitor {
+  final DeclarationMatcher matcher;
+
+  _ElementsGatherer(this.matcher);
+
+  @override
+  visitElement(Element element) {
+    matcher._allElements.add(element);
+    matcher._unmatchedElements.add(element);
+    super.visitElement(element);
+  }
+}