Rewrite the pkg/yaml parser.

pkg/yaml/lib/src/scanner.dart

Index: pkg/yaml/lib/src/scanner.dart
diff --git a/pkg/yaml/lib/src/scanner.dart b/pkg/yaml/lib/src/scanner.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e07a431a3b46e623b5a1805808b0595a864ba26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/yaml/lib/src/scanner.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,1624 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library yaml.scanner;
+
+import 'package:collection/collection.dart';
+import 'package:string_scanner/string_scanner.dart';
+import 'package:source_span/source_span.dart';
+
+import 'style.dart';
+import 'token.dart';
+import 'utils.dart';
+import 'yaml_exception.dart';
+
+/// A scanner that reads a string of Unicode characters and emits [Token]s.
+///
+/// This is based on the libyaml scanner, available at
+/// https://github.com/yaml/libyaml/blob/master/src/scanner.c. The license for
+/// that is available in ../../libyaml-license.txt.
+class Scanner {
+  static const TAB = 0x9;
+  static const LF = 0xA;
+  static const CR = 0xD;
+  static const SP = 0x20;
+  static const TILDE = 0x7E;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Move to after GRAVE_ACCENT?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+  static const NEL = 0x85;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

This one's a bit uncommon. How about moving either to the next section or have
it in numeric order after GRAVE_ACCENT.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.

+  static const DOLLAR = 0x24;
+  static const LEFT_PAREN = 0x28;
+  static const RIGHT_PAREN = 0x29;
+  static const PLUS = 0x2B;
+  static const COMMA = 0x2C;
+  static const HYPHEN = 0x2D;
+  static const PERIOD = 0x2E;
+  static const QUESTION = 0x3F;
+  static const COLON = 0x3A;
+  static const SEMICOLON = 0x3B;
+  static const EQUALS = 0x3D;
+  static const LEFT_SQUARE = 0x5B;
+  static const RIGHT_SQUARE = 0x5D;
+  static const LEFT_CURLY = 0x7B;
+  static const RIGHT_CURLY = 0x7D;
+  static const HASH = 0x23;
+  static const AMPERSAND = 0x26;
+  static const ASTERISK = 0x2A;
+  static const EXCLAMATION = 0x21;
+  static const VERTICAL_BAR = 0x7C;
+  static const LEFT_ANGLE = 0x3C;
+  static const RIGHT_ANGLE = 0x3E;
+  static const SINGLE_QUOTE = 0x27;
+  static const DOUBLE_QUOTE = 0x22;
+  static const PERCENT = 0x25;
+  static const AT = 0x40;
+  static const GRAVE_ACCENT = 0x60;
+
+  static const NULL = 0x0;
+  static const BELL = 0x7;
+  static const BACKSPACE = 0x8;
+  static const VERTICAL_TAB = 0xB;
+  static const FORM_FEED = 0xC;
+  static const ESCAPE = 0x1B;
+  static const SLASH = 0x2F;
+  static const BACKSLASH = 0x5C;
+  static const UNDERSCORE = 0x5F;
+  static const NBSP = 0xA0;
+  static const LINE_SEPARATOR = 0x2028;
+  static const PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR = 0x2029;
+  static const BOM = 0xFEFF;
+
+  static const NUMBER_0 = 0x30;
+  static const NUMBER_9 = 0x39;
+
+  static const LETTER_A = 0x61;
+  static const LETTER_B = 0x62;
+  static const LETTER_E = 0x65;
+  static const LETTER_F = 0x66;
+  static const LETTER_N = 0x6E;
+  static const LETTER_R = 0x72;
+  static const LETTER_T = 0x74;
+  static const LETTER_U = 0x75;
+  static const LETTER_V = 0x76;
+  static const LETTER_X = 0x78;
+  static const LETTER_Z = 0x7A;
+
+  static const LETTER_CAP_A = 0x41;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_F = 0x46;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_L = 0x4C;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_N = 0x4E;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_P = 0x50;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_U = 0x55;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_X = 0x58;
+  static const LETTER_CAP_Z = 0x5A;
+
+  /// The underlying [SpanScanner] used to read characters from the source text.
+  ///
+  /// This is also used to track line and column information and to generate
+  /// [SourceSpan]s.
+  final SpanScanner _scanner;
+
+  /// Whether this scanner has produced a [TokenType.STREAM_START] token
+  /// indicating the beginning of the YAML stream.
+  var _streamStartProduced = false;
+
+  /// Whether this scanner has produced a [TokenType.STREAM_END] token
+  /// indicating the end of the YAML stream.
+  var _streamEndProduced = false;
+
+  /// How many levels deep the scanner is in flow nesting.
+  var _flowLevel = 0;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Can this be inferred from _simpleKeys.length?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Yes, good idea.

+
+  /// The queue of tokens yet to be emitted.
+  ///
+  /// These are queued up in advance so that [TokenType.KEY] tokens can be
+  /// inserted once the scanner determines that a series of tokens represents a
+  /// mapping key.
+  final _tokens = new QueueList<Token>();
+
+  /// The number of tokens that have been emitted.
+  ///
+  /// This doesn't count tokens in [tokens].
+  var _tokensParsed = 0;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

"Parsed" -> "Scanned"?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+
+  /// Whether the next token in [_tokens] is ready to be returned.
+  ///
+  /// It might not be ready if there may still be a [TokenType.KEY] inserted
+  /// before it.
+  var _tokenAvailable = false;
+
+  /// The stack of indent levels for the current nested block contexts.
+  final _indents = new List<int>();

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

<int>[]

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+
+  /// The current indent level.
+  var _indent = -1;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

Document what -1 means (or make a constant).

Does this need to be a separate field, or could this be _indents.last and just
push the value onto that instead of setting this?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.
Done.

+
+  /// Whether a simple key is allowed in this context.
+  ///
+  /// A simple key refers to any mapping key that doesn't have an explicit "?".
+  var _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+
+  /// The stack of potential simple keys for each level of flow nesting.
+  ///
+  /// Entries in this list may be `null`, indicating that there is no valid
+  /// simple key for the associated level of nesting.
+  /// 
+  /// When a ":" is parsed and there's a simple key available, a [TokenType.KEY]
+  /// token is inserted in [_tokens] before that key's token. This allows the
+  /// parser to tell that the key is intended to be a mapping key.
+  final _simpleKeys = <_SimpleKey>[null];

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Why isn't this initially empty?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Because there is an initial flow level that could have a simple key.

+
+  /// Whether the scanner's currently positioned in a block-level structure (as
+  /// opposed to flow-level).
+  bool get _inBlockContext => _flowLevel == 0;
+
+  /// Whether the current character is a line break or the end of the source.
+  bool get _isBreakOrEnd => _scanner.isDone || _isBreak;
+
+  /// Whether the current character is a line break.
+  bool get _isBreak => _isBreakAt(0);
+
+  /// Whether the current character is whitespace or the end of the source.
+  bool get _isBlankOrEnd => _isBlankOrEndAt(0);
+
+  /// Whether the current character is whitespace.
+  bool get _isBlank => _isBlankAt(0);
+
+  /// Whether the current character is a valid tag name character.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-tag-name.
+  bool get _isTagChar {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    if (char == null) return false;
+    return (char >= NUMBER_0 && char <= NUMBER_9) ||
+           (char >= LETTER_A && char <= LETTER_Z) ||
+           (char >= LETTER_CAP_A && char <= LETTER_CAP_Z) ||
+           char == HYPHEN      || char == SEMICOLON    || char == SLASH      ||
+           char == COLON       || char == AT           || char == AMPERSAND  ||
+           char == EQUALS      || char == PLUS         || char == DOLLAR     ||
+           char == PERIOD      || char == TILDE        || char == QUESTION   ||
+           char == ASTERISK    || char == SINGLE_QUOTE || char == LEFT_PAREN ||
+           char == RIGHT_PAREN || char == PERCENT;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

It may be quicker to look this up in a map or even index into a bool array.
Maybe see if that makes a noticeable perf difference?

Another option is to use a switch for the literal values like you do in
_isNonBreak. That may let the VM optimize it to a jump table for you.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+  }
+
+  /// Whether the current character is a valid anchor name character.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-anchor-name.
+  bool get _isAnchorChar {
+    if (!_isNonSpace) return false;
+
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    return char != COMMA      && char != LEFT_SQUARE && char != RIGHT_SQUARE &&
+           char != LEFT_CURLY && char != RIGHT_CURLY;
+  }
+
+  /// Whether the character at the current position is a decimal digit.
+  bool get _isDigit {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    return char != null && (char >= NUMBER_0 && char <= NUMBER_9);
+  }
+
+  /// Whether the character at the current position is a hexidecimal
+  /// digit.
+  bool get _isHex {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    return char != null &&
+        ((char >= NUMBER_0 && char <= NUMBER_9) ||
+         (char >= LETTER_A && char <= LETTER_F) ||
+         (char >= LETTER_CAP_A && char <= LETTER_CAP_F));
+  }
+
+  /// Whether the character at the current position is a plain character.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-plain-char(c).
+  bool get _isPlainChar => _isPlainCharAt(0);
+
+  /// Whether the character at the current position is a printable character
+  /// other than a line break or byte-order mark.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#nb-char.
+  bool get _isNonBreak {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    switch (char) {
+      case LF:
+      case CR:
+      case BOM:
+        return false;
+      case TAB:
+      case NEL:
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return char != null &&
+          ((char >= 0x00020 && char <= 0x00007E) ||

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Nit: +2 more before "(".

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+           (char >= 0x000A0 && char <= 0x00D7FF) ||
+           (char >= 0x0E000 && char <= 0x00FFFD) ||
+           (char >= 0x10000 && char <= 0x10FFFF));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Whether the character at the current position is a printable character
+  /// other than whitespace.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#nb-char.
+  bool get _isNonSpace {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    return char != null && char != LF && char != CR && char != BOM && char != SP &&

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

Long line.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+           char != SP   &&
+           (char == NEL ||
+            (char >= 0x00020 && char <= 0x00007E) ||
+            (char >= 0x000A0 && char <= 0x00D7FF) ||
+            (char >= 0x0E000 && char <= 0x00FFFD) ||
+            (char >= 0x10000 && char <= 0x10FFFF));

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

This expression is pretty huge. How about using a switch or some early returns
like the above fns?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+  }
+
+  /// Creates a scanner that scans [source].
+  ///
+  /// [sourceUrl] can be a String or a [Uri].
+  Scanner(String source, {sourceUrl})
+      : _scanner = new SpanScanner(source, sourceUrl: sourceUrl);
+
+  /// Consumes and returns the next token.
+  Token scan() {
+    if (_streamEndProduced) throw new StateError("Out of tokens.");
+    if (!_tokenAvailable) _fetchMoreTokens();
+
+    var token = _tokens.removeFirst();
+    _tokenAvailable = false;
+    _tokensParsed++;
+    _streamEndProduced = token is Token &&
+        token.type == TokenType.STREAM_END;
+    return token;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the next token without consuming it.
+  Token peek() {
+    if (_streamEndProduced) return null;
+    if (!_tokenAvailable) _fetchMoreTokens();
+    return _tokens.first;
+  }
+
+  /// Ensures that [_tokens] contains at least one token which can be returned.
+  void _fetchMoreTokens() {
+    while (true) {
+      if (_tokens.isNotEmpty) {
+        _staleSimpleKeys();
+        if (!_simpleKeys.any((key) =>

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Document this.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.

+            key != null && key.tokenNumber == _tokensParsed)) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      _fetchNextToken();
+    }
+    _tokenAvailable = true;
+  }
+
+  /// The dispatcher for token fetchers.
+  void _fetchNextToken() {
+    if (!_streamStartProduced) {
+      _fetchStreamStart();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    _scanToNextToken();
+    _staleSimpleKeys();
+    _unrollIndent(_scanner.column);
+
+    if (_scanner.isDone) {
+      _fetchStreamEnd();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (_scanner.column == 0) {
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == PERCENT) {
+        _fetchDirective();
+        return;
+      } else if (_isBlankOrEndAt(3)) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Ditch the else.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+        if (_scanner.matches('---')) {
+          _fetchDocumentIndicator(TokenType.DOCUMENT_START);
+          return;
+        } else if (_scanner.matches('...')) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Here too.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+          _fetchDocumentIndicator(TokenType.DOCUMENT_END);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (_scanner.peekChar()) {
+      case LEFT_SQUARE:
+        _fetchFlowCollectionStart(TokenType.FLOW_SEQUENCE_START);
+        return;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Is there a reason to prefer return over break throughout this?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

It allows the reader to avoid checking the end of the function to see if
anything else happens while following the flow.

+      case LEFT_CURLY:
+        _fetchFlowCollectionStart(TokenType.FLOW_MAPPING_START);
+        return;
+      case RIGHT_SQUARE:
+        _fetchFlowCollectionEnd(TokenType.FLOW_SEQUENCE_END);
+        return;
+      case RIGHT_CURLY:
+        _fetchFlowCollectionEnd(TokenType.FLOW_MAPPING_END);
+        return;
+      case COMMA:
+        _fetchFlowEntry();
+        return;
+      case ASTERISK:
+        _fetchAnchor(anchor: false);
+        return;
+      case AMPERSAND:
+        _fetchAnchor(anchor: true);
+        return;
+      case EXCLAMATION:
+        _fetchTag();
+        return;
+      case SINGLE_QUOTE:
+        _fetchFlowScalar(singleQuote: true);
+        return;
+      case DOUBLE_QUOTE:
+        _fetchFlowScalar(singleQuote: false);
+        return;
+      case VERTICAL_BAR:
+        if (!_inBlockContext) _invalidScalarCharacter();
+        _fetchBlockScalar(literal: true);
+        return;
+      case RIGHT_ANGLE:
+        if (!_inBlockContext) _invalidScalarCharacter();
+        _fetchBlockScalar(literal: false);
+        return;
+      case PERCENT:
+      case AT:
+      case GRAVE_ACCENT:
+        _invalidScalarCharacter();
+        return;
+
+      // These characters may sometimes begin plain scalars.
+      case HYPHEN:
+        if (_isPlainCharAt(1)) {
+          _fetchPlainScalar();
+        } else {
+          _fetchBlockEntry();
+        }
+        return;
+      case QUESTION:
+        if (_isPlainCharAt(1)) {
+          _fetchPlainScalar();
+        } else {
+          _fetchKey();
+        }
+        return;
+      case COLON:
+        if (!_inBlockContext && _tokens.isNotEmpty) {
+          // If a colon follows a "JSON-like" value (an explicit map or list, or
+          // a quoted string) it isn't required to have whitespace after it
+          // since it unambiguously describes a map.
+          var token = _tokens.last;
+          if (token.type == TokenType.FLOW_SEQUENCE_END ||
+              token.type == TokenType.FLOW_MAPPING_END ||
+              (token.type == TokenType.SCALAR && token.style.isQuoted)) {
+            _fetchValue();
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (_isPlainCharAt(1)) {
+          _fetchPlainScalar();
+        } else {
+          _fetchValue();
+        }
+        return;
+      default:
+        if (!_isNonBreak) _invalidScalarCharacter();
+
+        _fetchPlainScalar();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    throw 'Inaccessible';
+  }
+
+  /// Throws an error about a disallowed character.
+  void _invalidScalarCharacter() =>
+      _scanner.error("Unexpected character.", length: 1);
+
+  /// Checks the list of potential simple keys and remove the positions that
+  /// cannot contain simple keys anymore.
+  void _staleSimpleKeys() {
+    for (var i = 0; i < _simpleKeys.length; i++) {
+      var key = _simpleKeys[i];
+      if (key == null) continue;
+
+      // libyaml requires that all simple keys be a single line and no longer
+      // than 1024 characters. However, in section 7.4.2 of the spec
+      // (http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2790832), these restriction is

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

"restrictions are"

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.

+      // only applied when the curly braces are omitted. It's difficult to
+      // retain enough context to know which keys need to have the restriction
+      // placed on them, so for now we go the other direction and allow
+      // everything but multiline simple keys in a block context.
+      if (!_inBlockContext) continue;
+
+      if (key.location.line == _scanner.line) continue;
+
+      if (key.required) {
+        throw new YamlException("Expected ':'.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+      }
+
+      _simpleKeys[i] = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Checks if a simple key may start at the current position and saves it if
+  /// so.
+  void _saveSimpleKey() {
+    // A simple key is required at the current position if the scanner is in the
+    // block context and the current column coincides with the indentation
+    // level.
+    var required = _inBlockContext && _indent == _scanner.column;
+
+    // A simple key is required only when it is the first token in the current
+    // line. Therefore it is always allowed. But we add a check anyway.
+    assert(_simpleKeyAllowed || !required);
+
+    if (!_simpleKeyAllowed) return;
+
+    // If the current position may start a simple key, save it.
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeys[_simpleKeys.length - 1] = new _SimpleKey(
+        _tokensParsed + _tokens.length,
+        _scanner.location,
+        required: required);
+  }
+
+  /// Removes a potential simple key at the current flow level.
+  void _removeSimpleKey() {
+    var key = _simpleKeys.last;
+    if (key != null && key.required) {
+      throw new YamlException("Could not find expected ':' for simple key.",
+          key.location.pointSpan());
+    }
+
+    _simpleKeys[_simpleKeys.length - 1] = null;
+  }
+
+  /// Increases the flow level and resizes the simple key list.
+  void _increaseFlowLevel() {
+    _simpleKeys.add(null);
+    _flowLevel++;
+  }
+
+  /// Decreases the flow level.
+  void _decreaseFlowLevel() {
+    if (_inBlockContext) return;
+    _simpleKeys.removeLast();
+    _flowLevel--;
+  }
+
+  /// Pushes the current indentation level to the stack and sets the new level if

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Long line.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+  /// [column] is greater than [_indent].
+  ///
+  /// In it is, appends or inserts the specified token into [_tokens]. If

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

"it is"?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+  /// [tokenNumber] is provided, the corresponding token will be replaced;
+  /// otherwise, the token will be added at the end.
+  void _rollIndent(int column, TokenType type, SourceLocation location,
+      {int tokenNumber}) {
+    if (!_inBlockContext) return;
+    if (_indent != -1 && _indent >= column) return;
+
+    // Push the current indentation level to the stack and set the new
+    // indentation level.
+    _indents.add(_indent);
+    _indent = column;
+
+    // Create a token and insert it into the queue.
+    var token = new Token(type, location.pointSpan());
+    if (tokenNumber == null) {
+      _tokens.add(token);
+    } else {
+      _tokens.insert(tokenNumber - _tokensParsed, token);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Pops indentation levels from [_indents] until the current level becomes
+  /// less than or equal to [column].
+  ///
+  /// For each indentation level, appends a [TokenType.BLOCK_END] token.
+  void _unrollIndent(int column) {
+    if (!_inBlockContext) return;
+
+    while (_indent > column) {
+      _tokens.add(new Token(TokenType.BLOCK_END, _scanner.emptySpan));
+      _indent = _indents.removeLast();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Pops indentation levels from [_indents] until the current level resets to
+  /// -1.
+  ///
+  /// For each indentation level, appends a [TokenType.BLOCK_END] token.
+  void _resetIndent() => _unrollIndent(-1);
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.STREAM_START] token.
+  void _fetchStreamStart() {
+    // Much of libyaml's initialization logic here is done in variable
+    // initializers instead.
+    _streamStartProduced = true;
+    _tokens.add(new Token(TokenType.STREAM_START, _scanner.emptySpan));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.STREAM_END] token.
+  void _fetchStreamEnd() {
+    _resetIndent();
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _tokens.add(new Token(TokenType.STREAM_END, _scanner.emptySpan));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.VERSION_DIRECTIVE] or [TokenType.TAG_DIRECTIVE]
+  /// token.
+  void _fetchDirective() {
+    _resetIndent();
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    var directive = _scanDirective();
+    if (directive != null) _tokens.add(directive);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.DOCUMENT_START] or [TokenType.DOCUMENT_END] token.
+  void _fetchDocumentIndicator(TokenType type) {
+    _resetIndent();
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Hoist these three lines into a _resetState() method?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

I'd rather have the visual similarity with the methods below that don't have the
exact same lines to make the contrast explicit.

+
+    // Consume the indicator token.
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+    _scanner.readChar();
+    _scanner.readChar();
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    _tokens.add(new Token(type, _scanner.spanFrom(start)));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.FLOW_SEQUENCE_START] or
+  /// [TokenType.FLOW_MAPPING_START] token.
+  void _fetchFlowCollectionStart(TokenType type) {
+    _saveSimpleKey();
+    _increaseFlowLevel();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+    _addCharToken(type);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.FLOW_SEQUENCE_END] or [TokenType.FLOW_MAPPING_END]
+  /// token.
+  void _fetchFlowCollectionEnd(TokenType type) {
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _decreaseFlowLevel();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _addCharToken(type);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.FLOW_ENTRY] token.
+  void _fetchFlowEntry() {
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+    _addCharToken(TokenType.FLOW_ENTRY);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.BLOCK_ENTRY] token.
+  void _fetchBlockEntry() {
+    if (_inBlockContext) {
+      if (!_simpleKeyAllowed) {
+        throw new YamlException(
+            "Block sequence entries are not allowed in this context.",

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Would be good to describe the context instead of just "this".

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

That's pretty tough... we'd have to track the reason that [_simpleKeyAllowed]
was set to false. I think the description combined with the span information
should be sufficient.

+            _scanner.emptySpan);
+      }
+
+      _rollIndent(
+          _scanner.column,
+          TokenType.BLOCK_SEQUENCE_START,
+          _scanner.emptySpan.start);
+    } else {
+      // It is an error for the '-' indicator to occur in the flow context, but
+      // we let the Parser detect and report it because it's able to point to
+      // the context.
+    }
+
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+    _addCharToken(TokenType.BLOCK_ENTRY);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces the [TokenType.KEY] token.
+  void _fetchKey() {
+    if (_inBlockContext) {
+      if (!_simpleKeyAllowed) {
+        throw new YamlException("Mapping keys are not allowed in this context.",

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Ditto.

+            _scanner.emptySpan);
+      }
+
+      _rollIndent(
+          _scanner.column,
+          TokenType.BLOCK_MAPPING_START,
+          _scanner.emptySpan.start);
+    }
+
+    // Simple keys are allowed after `?` in a block context.
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = _inBlockContext;
+    _addCharToken(TokenType.KEY);
+  }
+
+  /// Produces the [TokenType.VALUE] token.
+  void _fetchValue() {
+    var simpleKey = _simpleKeys.last;
+    if (simpleKey != null) {
+      // Add a [TokenType.KEY] directive before the first token of the simple
+      // key so the parser knows that it's part of a key/value pair.
+      _tokens.insert(simpleKey.tokenNumber - _tokensParsed,
+          new Token(TokenType.KEY, simpleKey.location.pointSpan()));
+
+      // In the block context, we may need to add the
+      // [TokenType.BLOCK_MAPPING_START] token.
+      _rollIndent(
+          simpleKey.location.column,
+          TokenType.BLOCK_MAPPING_START,
+          simpleKey.location,
+          tokenNumber: simpleKey.tokenNumber);
+
+      // Remove the simple key.
+      _simpleKeys[_simpleKeys.length - 1] = null;
+
+      // A simple key cannot follow another simple key.
+      _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    } else if (_inBlockContext) {
+      // If we're here, we've found the ':' indicator following a complex key.
+
+      if (!_simpleKeyAllowed) {
+        throw new YamlException(
+            "Mapping values are not allowed in this context.",
+            _scanner.emptySpan);
+      }
+
+      _rollIndent(
+          _scanner.column,
+          TokenType.BLOCK_MAPPING_START,
+          _scanner.location);
+      _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+    } else if (_simpleKeyAllowed) {
+      // If we're here, we've found the ':' indicator with an empty key. This
+      // behavior differs from libyaml, which disallows empty implicit keys.
+      _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+      _addCharToken(TokenType.KEY);
+    }
+
+    _addCharToken(TokenType.VALUE);
+  }
+
+  /// Adds a token with [type] to [_tokens].
+  ///
+  /// The span of the new token is the current character.
+  void _addCharToken(TokenType type) {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+    _scanner.readChar();
+    _tokens.add(new Token(type, _scanner.spanFrom(start)));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.ALIAS] or [TokenType.ANCHOR] token.
+  void _fetchAnchor({bool anchor: true}) {
+    _saveSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _tokens.add(_scanAnchor(anchor: anchor));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.TAG] token.
+  void _fetchTag() {
+    _saveSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _tokens.add(_scanTag());
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.SCALAR] token with style [ScalarStyle.LITERAL] or
+  /// [ScalarStyle.FOLDED].
+  void _fetchBlockScalar({bool literal: false}) {
+    _removeSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+    _tokens.add(_scanBlockScalar(literal: literal));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.SCALAR] token with style [ScalarStyle.SINGLE_QUOTED]
+  /// or [ScalarStyle.DOUBLE_QUOTED].
+  void _fetchFlowScalar({bool singleQuote: false}) {
+    _saveSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _tokens.add(_scanFlowScalar(singleQuote: singleQuote));
+  }
+
+  /// Produces a [TokenType.SCALAR] token with style [ScalarStyle.PLAIN].
+  void _fetchPlainScalar() {
+    _saveSimpleKey();
+    _simpleKeyAllowed = false;
+    _tokens.add(_scanPlainScalar());
+  }
+
+  /// Eats whitespace and comments until the next token is found.
+  void _scanToNextToken() {
+    var afterLineBreak = false;
+    while (true) {
+      // Allow the BOM to start a line.
+      if (_scanner.column == 0) _scanner.scan("\uFEFF");
+
+      // Eat whitespace.
+      //
+      // libyaml disallows tabs after "-", "?", or ":", but the spec allows
+      // them. See section 6.2: http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2778241.
+      while (_scanner.peekChar() == SP ||
+             ((!_inBlockContext || !afterLineBreak) &&
+              _scanner.peekChar() == TAB)) {
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == TAB) {
+        _scanner.error("Tab characters are not allowed as indentation.",
+            length: 1);
+      }
+
+      // Eat a comment until a line break.
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == HASH) {
+        while (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+          _scanner.readChar();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we're at a line break, eat it.
+      if (_isBreak) {
+        _skipLine();
+
+        // In the block context, a new line may start a simple key.
+        if (_inBlockContext) _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+        afterLineBreak = true;
+      } else {
+        // Otherwise we've found a token.
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a [TokenType.YAML_DIRECTIVE] or [TokenType.TAG_DIRECTIVE] token.
+  ///
+  ///     %YAML    1.2    # a comment \n
+  ///     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+  ///     %TAG    !yaml!  tag:yaml.org,2002:  \n
+  ///     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  
+  Token _scanDirective() {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+
+    // Eat '%'.
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    var token;
+    var name = _scanDirectiveName();
+    if (name == "YAML") {
+      token = _scanVersionDirectiveValue(start);
+    } else if (name == "TAG") {
+      token = _scanTagDirectiveValue(start);
+    } else {
+      warn("Warning: unknown directive.", _scanner.spanFrom(start));

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

I don't think the parser should output directly to the terminal. How about
having this invoke a user-provided callback or at least be configurable in some
way?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done. I wish there were a more standard way to do this.

+
+      // libyaml doesn't support unknown directives, but the spec says to ignore
+      // them and warn: http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2781147.
+      while (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // Eat the rest of the line, including any comments.
+    while (_isBlank) {
+      _scanner.readChar();
+    }

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Make a _skipBlanks() method for this since you do it pretty frequently.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+
+    if (_scanner.peekChar() == HASH) {
+      while (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+    }

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Probably this too.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+
+    if (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+      throw new YamlException(
+          "Expected comment or line break after directive.",
+          _scanner.spanFrom(start));
+    }
+
+    if (_isBreak) _skipLine();

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:27]

Do you need to check _isBreak here? Doesn't _skipLine() do that?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+    return token;
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a directive name.
+  ///
+  ///      %YAML   1.2     # a comment \n
+  ///       ^^^^
+  ///      %TAG    !yaml!  tag:yaml.org,2002:  \n
+  ///       ^^^
+  String _scanDirectiveName() {
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    // libyaml only allows word characters in directive names, but the spec
+    // disagrees: http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-directive-name.
+    while (_isNonSpace) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

This seems inefficient. Can you just get a substring directly from the _scanner?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+    }
+
+    var name = buffer.toString();
+    if (name.isEmpty) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected directive name.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    } else if (!_isBlankOrEnd) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

What about:

%YAML#Comment.

I'd expect this to be a parse error, but not necessarily a scanner error. Maybe
just look for a hash and throw a different error?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

I don't think that's a likely enough error to warrant special-casing the
message.

+      throw new YamlException(
+          "Unexpected character in directive name.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /// Scans the value of a version directive.
+  ///
+  ///      %YAML   1.2     # a comment \n
+  ///           ^^^^^^
+  Token _scanVersionDirectiveValue(LineScannerState start) {
+    while (_isBlank) {
+      _scanner.readChar();
+    }
+
+    var major = _scanVersionDirectiveNumber();
+    _scanner.expect('.');
+    var minor = _scanVersionDirectiveNumber();
+
+    return new VersionDirectiveToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), major, minor);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans the version number of a version directive.
+  ///
+  ///      %YAML   1.2     # a comment \n
+  ///              ^
+  ///      %YAML   1.2     # a comment \n
+  ///                ^
+  int _scanVersionDirectiveNumber() {
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    while (_isDigit) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+    }
+
+    var number = buffer.toString();
+    if (number.isEmpty) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected version number.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    return int.parse(number);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans the value of a tag directive.
+  ///
+  ///      %TAG    !yaml!  tag:yaml.org,2002:  \n
+  ///          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+  Token _scanTagDirectiveValue(LineScannerState start) {
+    while (_isBlank) {
+      _scanner.readChar();
+    }
+
+    var handle = _scanTagHandle(directive: true);
+    if (!_isBlank) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected whitespace.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    while (_isBlank) {
+      _scanner.readChar();
+    }
+
+    var prefix = _scanTagUri();
+    if (!_isBlankOrEnd) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected whitespace.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    return new TagDirectiveToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), handle, prefix);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a [TokenType.ANCHOR] token.
+  Token _scanAnchor({bool anchor: true}) {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+
+    // Eat the indicator character.
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    // libyaml only allows word characters in anchor names, but the spec
+    // disagrees: http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-anchor-char.
+    while (_isAnchorChar) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+    }
+
+    var next = _scanner.peekChar();
+    if (buffer.length == 0 ||
+        (!_isBlankOrEnd  && next != QUESTION     && next != COLON &&
+         next != COMMA   && next != RIGHT_SQUARE && next != RIGHT_CURLY &&
+         next != PERCENT && next != AT           && next != GRAVE_ACCENT)) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

What are these specific character tests for?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

They check whether the anchor is followed by some sort of flow indicator, which
is allowed (it indicates that the anchor is anchoring an empty scalar).
Otherwise, it's followed by a character that's invalid when adjacent to an
anchor—possibly an invalid text character, possibly something like "&anchor[]".

+      throw new YamlException("Expected alphanumeric character.",
+          _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    if (anchor) {
+      return new AnchorToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), buffer.toString());
+    } else {
+      return new AliasToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), buffer.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a [TokenType.TAG] token.
+  Token _scanTag() {
+    var handle;
+    var suffix;
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+
+    // Check if the tag is in the canonical form.
+    if (_scanner.peekChar(1) == LEFT_ANGLE) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Does this fail on "!" (a bang by itself)?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

No; [peekChar] returns null for out-of-range indices for just this reason.

+      // Eat '!<'.
+      _scanner.readChar();
+      _scanner.readChar();
+
+      handle = '';
+      suffix = _scanTagUri();
+
+      _scanner.expect('>');
+    } else {
+      // The tag has either the '!suffix' or the '!handle!suffix' form.
+
+      // First, try to scan a handle.
+      handle = _scanTagHandle();
+
+      if (handle.length > 1 && handle.startsWith('!') && handle.endsWith('!')) {
+        suffix = _scanTagUri(flowSeparators: false);
+      } else {
+        suffix = _scanTagUri(head: handle, flowSeparators: false);
+
+        // There was no explicit handle.
+        if (suffix.isEmpty) {
+          // This is the special '!' tag.
+          handle = null;
+          suffix = '!';
+        } else {
+          handle = '!';
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // libyaml insists on whitespace after a tag, but example 7.2 indicates
+    // that it's not required: http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2786720.
+
+    return new TagToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), handle, suffix);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a tag handle.
+  String _scanTagHandle({bool directive: false}) {
+    _scanner.expect('!');
+
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer('!');
+
+    // libyaml only allows word characters in tags, but the spec disagrees:
+    // http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-tag-char.
+    while (_isTagChar) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+    }
+
+    if (_scanner.peekChar() == EXCLAMATION) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+    } else {
+      // It's either the '!' tag or not really a tag handle. If it's a %TAG
+      // directive, it's an error. If it's a tag token, it must be part of a
+      // URI.
+      if (directive && buffer.toString() != '!') _scanner.expect('!');
+    }
+
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a tag URI.
+  ///
+  /// [head] is the initial portion of the tag that's already been scanned.
+  /// [flowSeparators] indicates whether the tag URI can contain flow
+  /// separators.
+  String _scanTagUri({String head, bool flowSeparators: true}) {
+    var length = head == null ? 0 : head.length;
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+
+    // Copy the head if needed.
+    //
+    // Note that we don't copy the leading '!' character.
+    if (length > 1) buffer.write(head.substring(1));
+
+    // The set of characters that may appear in URI is as follows:
+    //
+    //      '0'-'9', 'A'-'Z', 'a'-'z', '_', '-', ';', '/', '?', ':', '@', '&',
+    //      '=', '+', '$', ',', '.', '!', '~', '*', '\'', '(', ')', '[', ']',
+    //      '%'.
+    //
+    // In a shorthand tag annotation, the flow separators ',', '[', and ']' are
+    // disallowed.
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    while (_isTagChar || (flowSeparators &&
+            (char == COMMA || char == LEFT_SQUARE || char == RIGHT_SQUARE))) {
+      buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+      char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    }
+
+    // libyaml manually decodes the URL, but we don't have to do that.
+    return Uri.decodeFull(buffer.toString());
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a block scalar.
+  Token _scanBlockScalar({bool literal: false}) {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+
+    // Eat the indicator '|' or '>'.
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    // Check for a chomping indicator.
+    var chomping = _Chomping.CLIP;
+    var increment = 0;
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    if (char == PLUS || char == HYPHEN) {
+      chomping = char == PLUS ? _Chomping.KEEP : _Chomping.STRIP;
+      _scanner.readChar();
+
+      // Check for an indentation indicator.
+      if (_isDigit) {
+        // Check that the indentation is greater than 0.
+        if (_scanner.peekChar() == 0) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

NUMBER_0?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.

+          throw new YamlException(
+              "0 may not be used as an indentation indicator.",
+              _scanner.spanFrom(start));
+        }
+
+        increment = _scanner.readChar() - NUMBER_0;
+      }
+    } else if (_isDigit) {
+      // Do the same as above, but in the opposite order.
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == 0) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Ditto.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+        throw new YamlException(
+            "0 may not be used as an indentation indicator.",
+            _scanner.spanFrom(start));
+      }
+
+      increment = _scanner.readChar() - NUMBER_0;
+
+      char = _scanner.peekChar();
+      if (char == PLUS || char == HYPHEN) {
+        chomping = char == PLUS ? _Chomping.KEEP : _Chomping.STRIP;
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Eat whitespace and comments to the end of the line.
+    while (_isBlank) {
+      _scanner.readChar();
+    }
+
+    if (_scanner.peekChar() == HASH) {
+      while (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check if we're at the end of the line.
+    if (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected comment or line break.",
+          _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    if (_isBreak) _skipLine();
+
+    var indent = 0;

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Document this little block.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+    if (increment != 0) {
+      indent = _indent >= 0 ? _indent + increment : increment;
+    }
+
+    // Scan the leading line breaks to determine the indentation level if
+    // needed.
+    var pair = _scanBlockScalarBreaks(indent);
+    indent = pair.first;
+    var trailingBreaks = pair.last;
+
+    // Scan the block scalar contents.
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    var leadingBreak = '';
+    var leadingBlank = false;
+    var trailingBlank = false;
+    while (_scanner.column == indent && !_scanner.isDone) {
+      // Check for a document indicator. libyaml doesn't do this, but the spec
+      // mandates it. See example 9.5:
+      // http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2801606.
+      if (_scanner.column == 0 && _isBlankOrEndAt(3) &&
+          (_scanner.matches('---') || _scanner.matches('...'))) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // We are at the beginning of a non-empty line.
+
+      // Is there trailing whitespace?
+      trailingBlank = _isBlank;
+
+      // Check if we need to fold the leading line break.
+      if (!literal && leadingBreak.isNotEmpty && !leadingBlank &&
+          !trailingBlank) {
+        // Do we need to join the lines with a space?
+        if (trailingBreaks.isEmpty) buffer.writeCharCode(SP);
+        leadingBreak = '';

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Move this after the if.

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:38]

Done.

+      } else {
+        buffer.write(leadingBreak);
+        leadingBreak = '';
+      }
+
+      // Append the remaining line breaks.
+      buffer.write(trailingBreaks);
+
+      // Is there leading whitespace?
+      leadingBlank = _isBlank;
+
+      while (!_isBreakOrEnd) {
+        buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+      }
+
+      // libyaml always reads a line here, but this breaks on block scalars at
+      // the end of the document that end without newlines. See example 8.1:
+      // http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2793888.
+      if (!_scanner.isDone) leadingBreak = _readLine();
+
+      // Eat the following indentation and spaces.
+      var pair = _scanBlockScalarBreaks(indent);
+      indent = pair.first;
+      trailingBreaks = pair.last;
+    }
+
+    // Chomp the tail.
+    if (chomping != _Chomping.STRIP) {

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Nit, but maybe make these single-line ifs?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:37]

Done.

+      buffer.write(leadingBreak);
+    }
+    if (chomping == _Chomping.KEEP) {
+      buffer.write(trailingBreaks);
+    }
+
+    return new ScalarToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), buffer.toString(),
+        literal ? ScalarStyle.LITERAL : ScalarStyle.FOLDED);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans indentation spaces and line breaks for a block scalar.
+  ///
+  /// Determines the intendation level if needed. Returns the new indentation
+  /// level and the text of the line breaks.
+  Pair<int, String> _scanBlockScalarBreaks(int indent) {
+    var maxIndent = 0;
+    var breaks = new StringBuffer();
+
+    while (true) {
+      while ((indent == 0 || _scanner.column < indent) &&
+          _scanner.peekChar() == SP) {
+        _scanner.readChar();
+      }
+
+      if (_scanner.column > maxIndent) maxIndent = _scanner.column;
+
+      // libyaml throws an error here if a tab character is detected, but the
+      // spec treats tabs like any other non-space character. See example 8.2:
+      // http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2794311.
+
+      if (!_isBreak) break;
+      breaks.write(_readLine());
+    }
+
+    if (indent == 0) {
+      indent = maxIndent;
+      if (indent < _indent + 1) indent = _indent + 1;
+
+      // libyaml forces indent to be at least 1 here, but that doesn't seem to
+      // be supported by the spec.
+    }
+
+    return new Pair(indent, breaks.toString());
+  }
+
+  // Scans a quoted scalar.
+  Token _scanFlowScalar({bool singleQuote: false}) {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+
+    // Eat the left quote.
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    while (true) {
+      // Check that there are no document indicators at the beginning of the
+      // line.
+      if (_scanner.column == 0 && _isBlankOrEndAt(3) &&
+          (_scanner.scan("---") || _scanner.scan("..."))) {
+        _scanner.error("Unexpected document indicator.");
+      }

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:28]

Hoist this out into a function?

[nweiz, 2014/11/04 22:19:36]

Done.

+
+      if (_scanner.isDone) {
+        throw new YamlException("Unexpected end of file.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+      }
+
+      var leadingBlanks = false;
+      while (!_isBlankOrEnd) {
+        var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+        if (singleQuote && char == SINGLE_QUOTE &&
+            _scanner.peekChar(1) == SINGLE_QUOTE) {
+          // An escaped single quote.
+          _scanner.readChar();
+          _scanner.readChar();
+          buffer.writeCharCode(SINGLE_QUOTE);
+        } else if (char == (singleQuote ? SINGLE_QUOTE : DOUBLE_QUOTE)) {
+          // The closing quote.
+          break;
+        } else if (!singleQuote && char == BACKSLASH && _isBreakAt(1)) {
+          // An escaped newline.
+          _scanner.readChar();
+          _skipLine();
+          leadingBlanks = true;
+          break;
+        } else if (!singleQuote && char == BACKSLASH) {
+          var escapeStart = _scanner.state;
+
+          // An escape sequence.
+          var codeLength = null;
+          switch (_scanner.peekChar(1)) {
+            case NUMBER_0:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(NULL);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_A:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(BELL);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_B:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(BACKSPACE);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_T:
+            case TAB:

[Bob Nystrom, 2014/10/31 20:03:29]

Oh, YAML. You so crazy.

+              buffer.writeCharCode(TAB);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_N:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(LF);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_V:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(VERTICAL_TAB);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_F:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(FORM_FEED);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_R:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(CR);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_E:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(ESCAPE);
+              break;
+            case SP:
+            case DOUBLE_QUOTE:
+            case SLASH:
+            case BACKSLASH:
+              // libyaml doesn't support an escaped forward slash, but it was
+              // added in YAML 1.2. See section 5.7:
+              // http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2776092
+              buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.peekChar(1));
+              break;
+            case LETTER_CAP_N:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(NEL);
+              break;
+            case UNDERSCORE:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(NBSP);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_CAP_L:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(LINE_SEPARATOR);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_CAP_P:
+              buffer.writeCharCode(PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR);
+              break;
+            case LETTER_X:
+              codeLength = 2;
+              break;
+            case LETTER_U:
+              codeLength = 4;
+              break;
+            case LETTER_CAP_U:
+              codeLength = 8;
+              break;
+            default:
+              throw new YamlException("Unknown escape character.",
+                  _scanner.spanFrom(escapeStart));
+          }
+
+          _scanner.readChar();
+          _scanner.readChar();
+
+          if (codeLength != null) {
+            var value = 0;
+            for (var i = 0; i < codeLength; i++) {
+              if (!_isHex) {
+                _scanner.readChar();
+                throw new YamlException(
+                    "Expected $codeLength-digit hexidecimal number.",
+                    _scanner.spanFrom(escapeStart));
+              }
+
+              value = (value << 4) + _asHex(_scanner.readChar());
+            }
+
+            // Check the value and write the character.
+            if ((value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDFFF) || value > 0x10FFFF) {
+              throw new YamlException(
+                  "Invalid Unicode character escape code.",
+                  _scanner.spanFrom(escapeStart));
+            }
+
+            buffer.writeCharCode(value);
+          }
+        } else {
+          buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check if we're at the end of a scalar.
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == (singleQuote ? SINGLE_QUOTE : DOUBLE_QUOTE)) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      var whitespace = new StringBuffer();
+      var leadingBreak = '';
+      var trailingBreaks = new StringBuffer();
+      while (_isBlank || _isBreak) {
+        if (_isBlank) {
+          // Consume a space or a tab.
+          if (!leadingBlanks) {
+            whitespace.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+          } else {
+            _scanner.readChar();
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Check if it's a first line break.
+          if (!leadingBlanks) {
+            whitespace.clear();
+            leadingBreak = _readLine();
+            leadingBlanks = true;
+          } else {
+            trailingBreaks.write(_readLine());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Join the whitespace or fold line breaks.
+      if (leadingBlanks) {
+        if (leadingBreak.isNotEmpty && trailingBreaks.isEmpty) {
+          buffer.writeCharCode(SP);
+        } else {
+          buffer.write(trailingBreaks);
+        }
+      } else {
+        buffer.write(whitespace);
+        whitespace.clear();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Eat the right quote.
+    _scanner.readChar();
+
+    return new ScalarToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), buffer.toString(),
+        singleQuote ? ScalarStyle.SINGLE_QUOTED : ScalarStyle.DOUBLE_QUOTED);
+  }
+
+  /// Scans a plain scalar.
+  Token _scanPlainScalar() {
+    var start = _scanner.state;
+    var buffer = new StringBuffer();
+    var leadingBreak = '';
+    var trailingBreaks = '';
+    var whitespace = new StringBuffer();
+    var indent = _indent + 1;
+
+    while (true) {
+      // Check for a document indicator.
+      if (_scanner.column == 0 && _isBlankOrEndAt(3) &&
+          (_scanner.matches('---') || _scanner.matches('...'))) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Check for a comment.
+      if (_scanner.peekChar() == HASH) break;
+
+      if (_isPlainChar) {
+        // Join the whitespace or fold line breaks.
+        if (leadingBreak.isNotEmpty) {
+          if (trailingBreaks.isEmpty) {
+            buffer.writeCharCode(SP);
+          } else {
+            buffer.write(trailingBreaks);
+          }
+          leadingBreak = '';
+          trailingBreaks = '';
+        } else {
+          buffer.write(whitespace);
+          whitespace.clear();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // libyaml's notion of valid identifiers differs substantially from YAML
+      // 1.2's. We use [_isPlainChar] instead of libyaml's character here.
+      while (_isPlainChar) {
+        buffer.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+      }
+
+      // Is it the end?
+      if (!_isBlank && !_isBreak) break;
+
+      while (_isBlank || _isBreak) {
+        if (_isBlank) {
+          // Check for a tab character messing up the intendation.
+          if (leadingBreak.isNotEmpty && _scanner.column < indent &&
+              _scanner.peekChar() == TAB) {
+            _scanner.error("Expected a space but found a tab.", length: 1);
+          }
+
+          if (leadingBreak.isEmpty) {
+            whitespace.writeCharCode(_scanner.readChar());
+          } else {
+            _scanner.readChar();
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Check if it's a first line break.
+          if (leadingBreak.isEmpty) {
+            leadingBreak = _readLine();
+            whitespace.clear();
+          } else {
+            trailingBreaks = _readLine();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check the indentation level.
+      if (_inBlockContext && _scanner.column < indent) break;
+    }
+
+    // Allow a simple key after a plain scalar with leading blanks.
+    if (leadingBreak.isNotEmpty) _simpleKeyAllowed = true;
+
+    return new ScalarToken(_scanner.spanFrom(start), buffer.toString(),
+        ScalarStyle.PLAIN);
+  }
+
+  /// Moves past the current line break, if there is one.
+  void _skipLine() {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+    if (char != CR && char != LF) return;
+    _scanner.readChar();
+    if (char == CR && _scanner.peekChar() == LF) _scanner.readChar();
+  }
+
+  // Moves past the current line break and returns a newline.
+  String _readLine() {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar();
+
+    // libyaml supports NEL, PS, and LS characters as line separators, but this
+    // is explicitly forbidden in section 5.4 of the YAML spec.
+    if (char != CR && char != LF) {
+      throw new YamlException("Expected newline.", _scanner.emptySpan);
+    }
+
+    _scanner.readChar();
+    // CR LF | CR | LF -> LF
+    if (char == CR && _scanner.peekChar() == LF) _scanner.readChar();
+    return "\n";
+  }
+
+  // Returns whether the character at [offset] is whitespace.
+  bool _isBlankAt(int offset) {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar(offset);
+    return char == SP || char == TAB;
+  }
+
+  // Returns whether the character at [offset] is a line break.
+  bool _isBreakAt(int offset) {
+    // Libyaml considers NEL, LS, and PS to be line breaks as well, but that's
+    // contrary to the spec.
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar(offset);
+    return char == CR || char == LF;
+  }
+
+  // Returns whether the character at [offset] is whitespace or past the end of
+  // the source.
+  bool _isBlankOrEndAt(int offset) {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar(offset);
+    return char == null || char == SP || char == TAB || char == CR ||
+        char == LF;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns whether the character at [offset] is a plain character.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-plain-char(c).
+  bool _isPlainCharAt(int offset) {
+    switch (_scanner.peekChar(offset)) {
+      case COLON:
+        return _isPlainSafeAt(offset + 1);
+      case HASH:
+        var previous = _scanner.peekChar(offset - 1);
+        return previous != SP && previous != TAB;
+      default:
+        return _isPlainSafeAt(offset);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Returns whether the character at [offset] is a plain-safe character.
+  ///
+  /// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#ns-plain-safe(c).
+  bool _isPlainSafeAt(int offset) {
+    var char = _scanner.peekChar(offset);
+    switch (char) {
+      case COMMA:
+      case LEFT_SQUARE:
+      case RIGHT_SQUARE:
+      case LEFT_CURLY:
+      case RIGHT_CURLY:
+        // These characters are delimiters in a flow context and thus are only
+        // safe in a block context.
+        return _inBlockContext;
+      case SP:
+      case TAB:
+      case LF:
+      case CR:
+      case BOM:
+        return false;
+      case NEL:
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return char != null &&
+          ((char >= 0x00020 && char <= 0x00007E) ||
+           (char >= 0x000A0 && char <= 0x00D7FF) ||
+           (char >= 0x0E000 && char <= 0x00FFFD) ||
+           (char >= 0x10000 && char <= 0x10FFFF));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the hexidecimal value of [char].
+  int _asHex(int char) {
+    if (char <= NUMBER_9) return char - NUMBER_0;
+    if (char <= LETTER_CAP_F) return 10 + char - LETTER_CAP_A;
+    return 10 + char - LETTER_A;
+  }
+}
+
+/// A record of the location of a potential simple key.
+class _SimpleKey {
+  /// The index of the token that begins the simple key.
+  ///
+  /// This is the index relative to all tokens emitted, rather than relative to
+  /// [_tokens].
+  final int tokenNumber;
+
+  /// The source location of the beginning of the simple key.
+  ///
+  /// This is used for error reporting and for determining when a simple key is
+  /// no longer on the current line.
+  final SourceLocation location;
+
+  /// Whether this key must exist for the document to be scanned.
+  final bool required;
+
+  _SimpleKey(this.tokenNumber, this.location, {bool required})
+      : required = required;
+}
+
+/// An enum of chomping indicators that describe how to handle trailing
+/// whitespace for a block scalar.
+///
+/// See http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html#id2794534.
+class _Chomping {
+  /// All trailing whitespace is discarded.
+  static const STRIP = const _Chomping("STRIP");
+
+  /// A single trailing newline is retained.
+  static const CLIP = const _Chomping("CLIP");
+
+  /// All trailing whitespace is preserved.
+  static const KEEP = const _Chomping("KEEP");
+
+  final String name;
+
+  const _Chomping(this.name);
+
+  String toString() => name;
+}