Merge autotest upstream from @5318 ~ @5336

client/virt/virt_vm.py

+import os, logging, time, glob, re
+from autotest_lib.client.common_lib import error
+from autotest_lib.client.bin import utils
+import virt_utils
+
+class VMError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMCreateError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, status, output):
+        VMError.__init__(self, cmd, status, output)
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.status = status
+        self.output = output
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("VM creation command failed:    %r    (status: %s,    "
+                "output: %r)" % (self.cmd, self.status, self.output))
+
+
+class VMHashMismatchError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, actual, expected):
+        VMError.__init__(self, actual, expected)
+        self.actual_hash = actual
+        self.expected_hash = expected
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("CD image hash (%s) differs from expected one (%s)" %
+                (self.actual_hash, self.expected_hash))
+
+
+class VMImageMissingError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        VMError.__init__(self, filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "CD image file not found: %r" % self.filename
+
+
+class VMImageCheckError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        VMError.__init__(self, filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Errors found on image: %r" % self.filename
+
+
+class VMBadPATypeError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, pa_type):
+        VMError.__init__(self, pa_type)
+        self.pa_type = pa_type
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Unsupported PCI assignable type: %r" % self.pa_type
+
+
+class VMPAError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, pa_type):
+        VMError.__init__(self, pa_type)
+        self.pa_type = pa_type
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("No PCI assignable devices could be assigned "
+                "(pci_assignable=%r)" % self.pa_type)
+
+
+class VMPostCreateError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, output):
+        VMError.__init__(self, cmd, output)
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.output = output
+
+
+class VMHugePageError(VMPostCreateError):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("Cannot allocate hugepage memory    (command: %r,    "
+                "output: %r)" % (self.cmd, self.output))
+
+
+class VMKVMInitError(VMPostCreateError):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("Cannot initialize KVM    (command: %r,    output: %r)" %
+                (self.cmd, self.output))
+
+
+class VMDeadError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, reason='', detail=''):
+        VMError.__init__(self)
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.detail = detail
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        msg = "VM is dead"
+        if self.reason:
+            msg += "    reason: %s" % self.reason
+        if self.detail:
+            msg += "    detail: %r" % self.detail
+        return (msg)
+
+
+class VMDeadKernelCrashError(VMError):
+    def __init__(self, kernel_crash):
+        VMError.__init__(self, kernel_crash)
+        self.kernel_crash = kernel_crash
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("VM is dead due to a kernel crash:\n%s" % self.kernel_crash)
+
+
+class VMAddressError(VMError):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMPortNotRedirectedError(VMAddressError):
+    def __init__(self, port):
+        VMAddressError.__init__(self, port)
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Port not redirected: %s" % self.port
+
+
+class VMAddressVerificationError(VMAddressError):
+    def __init__(self, mac, ip):
+        VMAddressError.__init__(self, mac, ip)
+        self.mac = mac
+        self.ip = ip
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("Cannot verify MAC-IP address mapping using arping: "
+                "%s ---> %s" % (self.mac, self.ip))
+
+
+class VMMACAddressMissingError(VMAddressError):
+    def __init__(self, nic_index):
+        VMAddressError.__init__(self, nic_index)
+        self.nic_index = nic_index
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "No MAC address defined for NIC #%s" % self.nic_index
+
+
+class VMIPAddressMissingError(VMAddressError):
+    def __init__(self, mac):
+        VMAddressError.__init__(self, mac)
+        self.mac = mac
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Cannot find IP address for MAC address %s" % self.mac
+
+
+class VMMigrateError(VMError):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMMigrateTimeoutError(VMMigrateError):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMMigrateCancelError(VMMigrateError):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMMigrateFailedError(VMMigrateError):
+    pass
+
+class VMMigrateProtoUnsupportedError(VMMigrateError):
+    pass
+
+
+class VMMigrateStateMismatchError(VMMigrateError):
+    def __init__(self, src_hash, dst_hash):
+        VMMigrateError.__init__(self, src_hash, dst_hash)
+        self.src_hash = src_hash
+        self.dst_hash = dst_hash
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("Mismatch of VM state before and after migration (%s != %s)" %
+                (self.src_hash, self.dst_hash))
+
+
+class VMRebootError(VMError):
+    pass
+
+
+def get_image_filename(params, root_dir):
+    """
+    Generate an image path from params and root_dir.
+
+    @param params: Dictionary containing the test parameters.
+    @param root_dir: Base directory for relative filenames.
+
+    @note: params should contain:
+           image_name -- the name of the image file, without extension
+           image_format -- the format of the image (qcow2, raw etc)
+    """
+    image_name = params.get("image_name", "image")
+    image_format = params.get("image_format", "qcow2")
+    if params.get("image_raw_device") == "yes":
+        return image_name
+    image_filename = "%s.%s" % (image_name, image_format)
+    image_filename = virt_utils.get_path(root_dir, image_filename)
+    return image_filename
+
+
+def create_image(params, root_dir):
+    """
+    Create an image using qemu_image.
+
+    @param params: Dictionary containing the test parameters.
+    @param root_dir: Base directory for relative filenames.
+
+    @note: params should contain:
+           image_name -- the name of the image file, without extension
+           image_format -- the format of the image (qcow2, raw etc)
+           image_size -- the requested size of the image (a string
+           qemu-img can understand, such as '10G')
+    """
+    qemu_img_cmd = virt_utils.get_path(root_dir, params.get("qemu_img_binary",
+                                                           "qemu-img"))
+    qemu_img_cmd += " create"
+
+    format = params.get("image_format", "qcow2")
+    qemu_img_cmd += " -f %s" % format
+
+    image_filename = get_image_filename(params, root_dir)
+    qemu_img_cmd += " %s" % image_filename
+
+    size = params.get("image_size", "10G")
+    qemu_img_cmd += " %s" % size
+
+    utils.system(qemu_img_cmd)
+    logging.info("Image created in %r", image_filename)
+    return image_filename
+
+
+def remove_image(params, root_dir):
+    """
+    Remove an image file.
+
+    @param params: A dict
+    @param root_dir: Base directory for relative filenames.
+
+    @note: params should contain:
+           image_name -- the name of the image file, without extension
+           image_format -- the format of the image (qcow2, raw etc)
+    """
+    image_filename = get_image_filename(params, root_dir)
+    logging.debug("Removing image file %s...", image_filename)
+    if os.path.exists(image_filename):
+        os.unlink(image_filename)
+    else:
+        logging.debug("Image file %s not found")
+
+
+def check_image(params, root_dir):
+    """
+    Check an image using the appropriate tools for each virt backend.
+
+    @param params: Dictionary containing the test parameters.
+    @param root_dir: Base directory for relative filenames.
+
+    @note: params should contain:
+           image_name -- the name of the image file, without extension
+           image_format -- the format of the image (qcow2, raw etc)
+
+    @raise VMImageCheckError: In case qemu-img check fails on the image.
+    """
+    vm_type = params.get("vm_type")
+    if vm_type == 'kvm':
+        image_filename = get_image_filename(params, root_dir)
+        logging.debug("Checking image file %s...", image_filename)
+        qemu_img_cmd = virt_utils.get_path(root_dir,
+                                      params.get("qemu_img_binary", "qemu-img"))
+        image_is_qcow2 = params.get("image_format") == 'qcow2'
+        if os.path.exists(image_filename) and image_is_qcow2:
+            # Verifying if qemu-img supports 'check'
+            q_result = utils.run(qemu_img_cmd, ignore_status=True)
+            q_output = q_result.stdout
+            check_img = True
+            if not "check" in q_output:
+                logging.error("qemu-img does not support 'check', "
+                              "skipping check...")
+                check_img = False
+            if not "info" in q_output:
+                logging.error("qemu-img does not support 'info', "
+                              "skipping check...")
+                check_img = False
+            if check_img:
+                try:
+                    utils.system("%s info %s" % (qemu_img_cmd, image_filename))
+                except error.CmdError:
+                    logging.error("Error getting info from image %s",
+                                  image_filename)
+
+                cmd_result = utils.run("%s check %s" %
+                                       (qemu_img_cmd, image_filename),
+                                       ignore_status=True)
+                # Error check, large chances of a non-fatal problem.
+                # There are chances that bad data was skipped though
+                if cmd_result.exit_status == 1:
+                    for e_line in cmd_result.stdout.splitlines():
+                        logging.error("[stdout] %s", e_line)
+                    for e_line in cmd_result.stderr.splitlines():
+                        logging.error("[stderr] %s", e_line)
+                    raise error.TestWarn("qemu-img check error. Some bad data "
+                                         "in the image may have gone unnoticed")
+                # Exit status 2 is data corruption for sure, so fail the test
+                elif cmd_result.exit_status == 2:
+                    for e_line in cmd_result.stdout.splitlines():
+                        logging.error("[stdout] %s", e_line)
+                    for e_line in cmd_result.stderr.splitlines():
+                        logging.error("[stderr] %s", e_line)
+                    raise VMImageCheckError(image_filename)
+                # Leaked clusters, they are known to be harmless to data
+                # integrity
+                elif cmd_result.exit_status == 3:
+                    raise error.TestWarn("Leaked clusters were noticed during "
+                                         "image check. No data integrity "
+                                         "problem was found though.")
+
+        else:
+            if not os.path.exists(image_filename):
+                logging.debug("Image file %s not found, skipping check...",
+                              image_filename)
+            elif not image_is_qcow2:
+                logging.debug("Image file %s not qcow2, skipping check...",
+                              image_filename)
+
+
+class BaseVM(object):
+    """
+    Base class for all hypervisor specific VM subclasses.
+
+    This class should not be used directly, that is, do not attempt to
+    instantiate and use this class. Instead, one should implement a subclass
+    that implements, at the very least, all methods defined right after the
+    the comment blocks that are marked with:
+
+    "Public API - *must* be reimplemented with virt specific code"
+
+    and
+
+    "Protected API - *must* be reimplemented with virt specific classes"
+
+    The current proposal regarding methods naming convention is:
+
+    - Public API methods: named in the usual way, consumed by tests
+    - Protected API methods: name begins with a single underline, to be
+      consumed only by BaseVM and subclasses
+    - Private API methods: name begins with double underline, to be consumed
+      only by the VM subclass itself (usually implements virt specific
+      functionality: example: __make_qemu_command())
+
+    So called "protected" methods are intended to be used only by VM classes,
+    and not be consumed by tests. Theses should respect a naming convention
+    and always be preceeded by a single underline.
+
+    Currently most (if not all) methods are public and appears to be consumed
+    by tests. It is a ongoing task to determine whether  methods should be
+    "public" or "protected".
+    """
+
+    #
+    # Assuming that all low-level hypervisor have at least migration via tcp
+    # (true for xen & kvm). Also true for libvirt (using xen and kvm drivers)
+    #
+    MIGRATION_PROTOS = ['tcp', ]
+
+    def __init__(self, name, params):
+        self.name = name
+        self.params = params
+        
+        #
+        # Assuming all low-level hypervisors will have a serial (like) console
+        # connection to the guest. libvirt also supports serial (like) consoles
+        # (virDomainOpenConsole). subclasses should set this to an object that
+        # is or behaves like aexpect.ShellSession.
+        #
+        self.serial_console = None
+
+        self._generate_unique_id()
+
+
+    def _generate_unique_id(self):
+        """
+        Generate a unique identifier for this VM
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.instance = (time.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-") +
+                             virt_utils.generate_random_string(4))
+            if not glob.glob("/tmp/*%s" % self.instance):
+                break
+
+
+    #
+    # Public API - could be reimplemented with virt specific code
+    #
+    def verify_alive(self):
+        """
+        Make sure the VM is alive and that the main monitor is responsive.
+
+        Can be subclassed to provide better information on why the VM is
+        not alive (reason, detail)
+
+        @raise VMDeadError: If the VM is dead
+        @raise: Various monitor exceptions if the monitor is unresponsive
+        """
+        if self.is_dead():
+            raise VMDeadError
+
+
+    def get_mac_address(self, nic_index=0):
+        """
+        Return the MAC address of a NIC.
+
+        @param nic_index: Index of the NIC
+        @raise VMMACAddressMissingError: If no MAC address is defined for the
+                requested NIC
+        """
+        nic_name = self.params.objects("nics")[nic_index]
+        nic_params = self.params.object_params(nic_name)
+        mac = (nic_params.get("nic_mac") or
+               virt_utils.get_mac_address(self.instance, nic_index))
+        if not mac:
+            raise VMMACAddressMissingError(nic_index)
+        return mac
+
+
+    def verify_kernel_crash(self):
+        """
+        Find kernel crash message on the VM serial console.
+
+        @raise: VMDeadKernelCrashError, in case a kernel crash message was
+                found.
+        """
+        if self.serial_console is not None:
+            data = self.serial_console.get_output()
+            match = re.search(r"BUG:.*---\[ end trace .* \]---", data,
+                              re.DOTALL|re.MULTILINE)
+            if match is not None:
+                raise VMDeadKernelCrashError(match.group(0))
+
+
+    def get_params(self):
+        """
+        Return the VM's params dict. Most modified params take effect only
+        upon VM.create().
+        """
+        return self.params
+
+
+    def get_serial_console_filename(self):
+        """
+        Return the serial console filename.
+        """
+        return "/tmp/serial-%s" % self.instance
+
+
+    def get_testlog_filename(self):
+        """
+        Return the testlog filename.
+        """
+        return "/tmp/testlog-%s" % self.instance
+
+
+    @error.context_aware
+    def login(self, nic_index=0, timeout=10):
+        """
+        Log into the guest via SSH/Telnet/Netcat.
+        If timeout expires while waiting for output from the guest (e.g. a
+        password prompt or a shell prompt) -- fail.
+
+        @param nic_index: The index of the NIC to connect to.
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) before giving up logging into the
+                guest.
+        @return: A ShellSession object.
+        """
+        error.context("logging into '%s'" % self.name)
+        username = self.params.get("username", "")
+        password = self.params.get("password", "")
+        prompt = self.params.get("shell_prompt", "[\#\$]")
+        linesep = eval("'%s'" % self.params.get("shell_linesep", r"\n"))
+        client = self.params.get("shell_client")
+        address = self.get_address(nic_index)
+        port = self.get_port(int(self.params.get("shell_port")))
+        log_filename = ("session-%s-%s.log" %
+                        (self.name, virt_utils.generate_random_string(4)))
+        session = virt_utils.remote_login(client, address, port, username,
+                                         password, prompt, linesep,
+                                         log_filename, timeout)
+        session.set_status_test_command(self.params.get("status_test_command",
+                                                        ""))
+        return session
+
+
+    def remote_login(self, nic_index=0, timeout=10):
+        """
+        Alias for login() for backward compatibility.
+        """
+        return self.login(nic_index, timeout)
+
+
+    def wait_for_login(self, nic_index=0, timeout=240, internal_timeout=10):
+        """
+        Make multiple attempts to log into the guest via SSH/Telnet/Netcat.
+
+        @param nic_index: The index of the NIC to connect to.
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) to keep trying to log in.
+        @param internal_timeout: Timeout to pass to login().
+        @return: A ShellSession object.
+        """
+        logging.debug("Attempting to log into '%s' (timeout %ds)", self.name,
+                      timeout)
+        end_time = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < end_time:
+            try:
+                return self.login(nic_index, internal_timeout)
+            except (virt_utils.LoginError, VMError), e:
+                logging.debug(e)
+            time.sleep(2)
+        # Timeout expired; try one more time but don't catch exceptions
+        return self.login(nic_index, internal_timeout)
+
+
+    @error.context_aware
+    def copy_files_to(self, host_path, guest_path, nic_index=0, verbose=False,
+                      timeout=600):
+        """
+        Transfer files to the remote host(guest).
+
+        @param host_path: Host path
+        @param guest_path: Guest path
+        @param nic_index: The index of the NIC to connect to.
+        @param verbose: If True, log some stats using logging.debug (RSS only)
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) before giving up on doing the remote
+                copy.
+        """
+        error.context("sending file(s) to '%s'" % self.name)
+        username = self.params.get("username", "")
+        password = self.params.get("password", "")
+        client = self.params.get("file_transfer_client")
+        address = self.get_address(nic_index)
+        port = self.get_port(int(self.params.get("file_transfer_port")))
+        log_filename = ("transfer-%s-to-%s-%s.log" %
+                        (self.name, address,
+                        virt_utils.generate_random_string(4)))
+        virt_utils.copy_files_to(address, client, username, password, port,
+                                host_path, guest_path, log_filename, verbose,
+                                timeout)
+
+
+    @error.context_aware
+    def copy_files_from(self, guest_path, host_path, nic_index=0,
+                        verbose=False, timeout=600):
+        """
+        Transfer files from the guest.
+
+        @param host_path: Guest path
+        @param guest_path: Host path
+        @param nic_index: The index of the NIC to connect to.
+        @param verbose: If True, log some stats using logging.debug (RSS only)
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) before giving up on doing the remote
+                copy.
+        """
+        error.context("receiving file(s) from '%s'" % self.name)
+        username = self.params.get("username", "")
+        password = self.params.get("password", "")
+        client = self.params.get("file_transfer_client")
+        address = self.get_address(nic_index)
+        port = self.get_port(int(self.params.get("file_transfer_port")))
+        log_filename = ("transfer-%s-from-%s-%s.log" %
+                        (self.name, address,
+                        virt_utils.generate_random_string(4)))
+        virt_utils.copy_files_from(address, client, username, password, port,
+                                  guest_path, host_path, log_filename,
+                                  verbose, timeout)
+
+
+    @error.context_aware
+    def serial_login(self, timeout=10):
+        """
+        Log into the guest via the serial console.
+        If timeout expires while waiting for output from the guest (e.g. a
+        password prompt or a shell prompt) -- fail.
+
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) before giving up logging into the guest.
+        @return: ShellSession object on success and None on failure.
+        """
+        error.context("logging into '%s' via serial console" % self.name)
+        username = self.params.get("username", "")
+        password = self.params.get("password", "")
+        prompt = self.params.get("shell_prompt", "[\#\$]")
+        linesep = eval("'%s'" % self.params.get("shell_linesep", r"\n"))
+        status_test_command = self.params.get("status_test_command", "")
+
+        self.serial_console.set_linesep(linesep)
+        self.serial_console.set_status_test_command(status_test_command)
+
+        # Try to get a login prompt
+        self.serial_console.sendline()
+
+        virt_utils._remote_login(self.serial_console, username, password,
+                                prompt, timeout)
+        return self.serial_console
+
+
+    def wait_for_serial_login(self, timeout=240, internal_timeout=10):
+        """
+        Make multiple attempts to log into the guest via serial console.
+
+        @param timeout: Time (seconds) to keep trying to log in.
+        @param internal_timeout: Timeout to pass to serial_login().
+        @return: A ShellSession object.
+        """
+        logging.debug("Attempting to log into '%s' via serial console "
+                      "(timeout %ds)", self.name, timeout)
+        end_time = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < end_time:
+            try:
+                return self.serial_login(internal_timeout)
+            except virt_utils.LoginError, e:
+                logging.debug(e)
+            time.sleep(2)
+        # Timeout expired; try one more time but don't catch exceptions
+        return self.serial_login(internal_timeout)
+
+
+    def get_uuid(self):
+        """
+        Catch UUID of the VM.
+
+        @return: None,if not specified in config file
+        """
+        if self.params.get("uuid") == "random":
+            return self.uuid
+        else:
+            return self.params.get("uuid", None)
+
+
+    def send_string(self, str):
+        """
+        Send a string to the VM.
+
+        @param str: String, that must consist of alphanumeric characters only.
+                Capital letters are allowed.
+        """
+        for char in str:
+            if char.isupper():
+                self.send_key("shift-%s" % char.lower())
+            else:
+                self.send_key(char)
+
+
+    def get_cpu_count(self):
+        """
+        Get the cpu count of the VM.
+        """
+        session = self.login()
+        try:
+            return int(session.cmd(self.params.get("cpu_chk_cmd")))
+        finally:
+            session.close()
+
+
+    def get_memory_size(self, cmd=None):
+        """
+        Get bootup memory size of the VM.
+
+        @param check_cmd: Command used to check memory. If not provided,
+                self.params.get("mem_chk_cmd") will be used.
+        """
+        session = self.login()
+        try:
+            if not cmd:
+                cmd = self.params.get("mem_chk_cmd")
+            mem_str = session.cmd(cmd)
+            mem = re.findall("([0-9]+)", mem_str)
+            mem_size = 0
+            for m in mem:
+                mem_size += int(m)
+            if "GB" in mem_str:
+                mem_size *= 1024
+            elif "MB" in mem_str:
+                pass
+            else:
+                mem_size /= 1024
+            return int(mem_size)
+        finally:
+            session.close()
+
+
+    def get_current_memory_size(self):
+        """
+        Get current memory size of the VM, rather than bootup memory.
+        """
+        cmd = self.params.get("mem_chk_cur_cmd")
+        return self.get_memory_size(cmd)
+
+
+    #
+    # Public API - *must* be reimplemented with virt specific code
+    #
+    def is_alive(self):
+        """
+        Return True if the VM is alive and the management interface is responsive.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def is_dead(self):
+        """
+        Return True if the the VM is dead.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def get_address(self, index=0):
+        """
+        Return the IP address of a NIC of the guest
+
+        @param index: Index of the NIC whose address is requested.
+        @raise VMMACAddressMissingError: If no MAC address is defined for the
+                requested NIC
+        @raise VMIPAddressMissingError: If no IP address is found for the the
+                NIC's MAC address
+        @raise VMAddressVerificationError: If the MAC-IP address mapping cannot
+                be verified (using arping)
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def clone(self, name, **params):
+        """
+        Return a clone of the VM object with optionally modified parameters.
+
+        This method should be implemented by
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def destroy(self, gracefully=True, free_mac_addresses=True):
+        """
+        Destroy the VM.
+
+        If gracefully is True, first attempt to shutdown the VM with a shell
+        command.  Then, attempt to destroy the VM via the monitor with a 'quit'
+        command.  If that fails, send SIGKILL to the qemu process.
+
+        @param gracefully: If True, an attempt will be made to end the VM
+                using a shell command before trying to end the qemu process
+                with a 'quit' or a kill signal.
+        @param free_mac_addresses: If True, the MAC addresses used by the VM
+                will be freed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def migrate(self, timeout=3600, protocol="tcp", cancel_delay=None,
+                offline=False, stable_check=False, clean=True,
+                save_path="/tmp", dest_host="localhost", remote_port=None):
+        """
+        Migrate the VM.
+
+        If the migration is local, the VM object's state is switched with that
+        of the destination VM.  Otherwise, the state is switched with that of
+        a dead VM (returned by self.clone()).
+
+        @param timeout: Time to wait for migration to complete.
+        @param protocol: Migration protocol ('tcp', 'unix' or 'exec').
+        @param cancel_delay: If provided, specifies a time duration after which
+                migration will be canceled.  Used for testing migrate_cancel.
+        @param offline: If True, pause the source VM before migration.
+        @param stable_check: If True, compare the VM's state after migration to
+                its state before migration and raise an exception if they
+                differ.
+        @param clean: If True, delete the saved state files (relevant only if
+                stable_check is also True).
+        @save_path: The path for state files.
+        @param dest_host: Destination host (defaults to 'localhost').
+        @param remote_port: Port to use for remote migration.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def reboot(self, session=None, method="shell", nic_index=0, timeout=240):
+        """
+        Reboot the VM and wait for it to come back up by trying to log in until
+        timeout expires.
+
+        @param session: A shell session object or None.
+        @param method: Reboot method.  Can be "shell" (send a shell reboot
+                command) or "system_reset" (send a system_reset monitor command).
+        @param nic_index: Index of NIC to access in the VM, when logging in
+                after rebooting.
+        @param timeout: Time to wait for login to succeed (after rebooting).
+        @return: A new shell session object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    # should this really be expected from VMs of all hypervisor types?
+    def send_key(self, keystr):
+        """
+        Send a key event to the VM.
+
+        @param: keystr: A key event string (e.g. "ctrl-alt-delete")
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def save_to_file(self, path):
+        """
+        Save the state of virtual machine to a file through migrate to
+        exec
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def needs_restart(self, name, params, basedir):
+        """
+        Based on virt preprocessing information, decide whether the VM needs
+        a restart.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+