| Index: chrome/common/extensions/docs/templates/articles/cloudMessagingV2.html
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| -<meta name="doc-family" content="apps">
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| -<h1 id="gcm">Google Cloud Messaging</h1>
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| -
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| -<p>Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service for both Android-powered device and
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| -Chrome instances to send and receive message data from servers. <a href="gcm">GCM Chrome
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| -API</a> allows the Chrome apps or extensions to access the GCM
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| -service for the signed-in Chrome users. The service works even if an app or
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| -extension isn't currently running. For example, calendar updates could be pushed
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| -to users even when their calendar app isn't open. </p>
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| -
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| -<p>To use both API and service, you must agree to the <a href="https://developers.google.com/terms/">Google APIs Terms of
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| -Service</a> and <a href="https://developers.google.com/cloud/terms/">Google Cloud Platform Terms
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| -of Service</a>.</p>
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| -
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| -<p>This document describes how to set up and use GCM. For additional information
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| -see the reference documentation for the <a href="gcm">GCM Chrome API</a> and
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| -the <a href="http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/index.html">GCM Service</a>. To get
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| -help with GCM or to give us feedback, please see
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| -<a href="#feedback">Feedback</a>.</p>
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| -
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| -<p>Please note that GCM Chrome API is experimental. It is only available to Chrome
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| -users on the dev channel.</p>
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| -
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| -<p class="note"><strong>API Samples</strong>: Want to play with the code? Check out the
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| -<a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/chrome-app-samples/tree/master/samples/gcm-notifications">gcm-notifications</a>
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| -sample.</p>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="enable_gcm">Enable GCM</h2>
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| -
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| -<p>To use GCM for your app or extension, do the following:</p>
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| -
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| -<ol>
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| -<li>Upload your app or extension client to the <a href="https://developers.google.com/chrome/web-store/docs/publish">Chrome Web
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| -Store</a>.</li>
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| -<li>A user installs your app or extension.</li>
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| -<li>Your app or extension client requests a registration ID using $(ref:gcm.register)
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| -function and sends this ID to your server together with information
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| -identifying the user. For more details, please see <a href="#obtain_registration_id">Obtain registration
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| -ID</a>.</li>
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| -</ol>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="receive_a_message">Receive a message</h2>
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| -
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| -<p>At a glance, receiving a message works like this:</p>
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| -
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| -<ol>
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| -<li>Your app or extension client should register a handler to receive the
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| -$(ref:gcm.onMessage) event.</li>
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| -<li>When your server sends a message to the user, it specifies all of the
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| -registration IDs that are related to that user and passes the message to the
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| -GCM service.</li>
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| -<li>GCM servers route the message to all instances of Chrome running apps or
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| -extensions with one of the registration IDs.</li>
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| -<li>When the message arrives on the client, Chrome starts the app or extension,
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| -if it is not already running, and calls the registered handler to process the
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| -message.</li>
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| -</ol>
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| -
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| -<p>For more details, please see <a href="#receive_messages">Receive messages</a>.</p>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="send_a_message">Send a message</h2>
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| -
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| -<p>At a glance, sending a message works like this:</p>
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| -
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| -<ol>
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| -<li>Your app or extension generates a unique message ID, so that it is possible
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| -to find out which message failed to be queued or delivered.</li>
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| -<li>Your app or extension calls $(ref:gcm.send) function with an object containing
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| -message ID, destination ID that identifies the server, and data that consist
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| -of a list of key value pairs. In this step you can also provide an optional
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| -time-to-live for the message.</li>
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| -<li>The callback passed to $(ref:gcm.send) function will be called to notify the
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| -result. Your app or extension should check $(ref:runtime.lastError) to find out if
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| -the message has been successfully queued for delivery. Please refer to <a href="#error_reference">Error
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| -reference</a> for possible error codes that could be
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| -returned.</li>
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| -<li>In cases that the queued message could not be delivered to the GCM server,
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| -like network error, a $(ref:gcm.onSendError) event will be fired. Your app or
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| -extension can listen to this event and react to it, e.g. by trying to resend
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| -the message. Please refer to <a href="#error_reference">Error reference</a> for
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| -possible error codes that could be returned.</li>
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| -</ol>
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| -
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| -<p>For more details, please see <a href="#send_messages">Send messages</a>.</p>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="set_up_project">Set up project</h2>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="create_google_api_project">Create Google API project</h3>
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| -
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| -<ol>
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| -<li>Login to the <a href="https://cloud.google.com/console/project">Google Developers
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| -Console</a> using the same Google <br>
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| -Account that you will use to upload your app or extension.</li>
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| -<li>If you haven't created an API project yet, click <strong>Create Project</strong>.</li>
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| -<li>Supply a project name and click <strong>Create</strong>.</li>
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| -<li>Once the project has been created, a page appears that displays your project
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| -number. For example, <strong>Project Number: 670330094152</strong>.</li>
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| -<li>Copy down your project number. You will use it later on as the GCM sender ID.</li>
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| -</ol>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="enable_the_gcm_service">Enable the GCM service</h3>
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| -
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| -<ol>
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| -<li>In the sidebar on the left, select <strong>APIs & auth</strong>.</li>
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| -<li>In the displayed list of APIs, turn the <strong>Google Cloud Messaging for
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| -Android</strong> toggle to ON.</li>
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| -</ol>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="set_up_chrome_app_or_extension">Set up Chrome App or Extension</h2>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="add_permission_to_manifest">Add permission to manifest</h3>
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| -
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| -<p>To use the gcm service, you must declare the <code>gcm</code> permission in
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| -<code>manifest.json</code>.</p>
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| -
|
| -<pre data-filename="manifest.json"><code>
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| -"permissions": [
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| - "gcm", "storage", ...
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| -]
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| -</code></pre>
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| -
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| -<p>Please note that the <code>storage</code> permission is also provided here because the
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| -sample codes below needs to persist some data via the
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| -<a href="storage">chrome.storage</a> API.</p>
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| -
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| -<h2 id="write_chrome_app_or_extension">Write Chrome App or Extension</h2>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="obtain_registration_id">Obtain registration ID</h3>
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| -
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| -<p>Your app or extension needs to register with GCM servers before it can receive
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| -messages. When an app or extension registers, it receives a registration ID.
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| -This is achieved by calling $(ref:gcm.register) and specifying a list of senders
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| -identified by project numbers from Google Developers Console. Your app or
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| -extension should pass a callback function to verify that the registration was
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| -successful. If successful, the received registration ID should be sent back to
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| -your application server in a secure way, for example, via https. Otherwise, your
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| -app or extension should handle the error identified by
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| -<code>chrome.runtime.lastError</code> and retry later.</p>
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| -
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| -<p>If your app or extension wishes to receive messages from the different senders,
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| -it can call $(ref:gcm.register) again with the new sender list and the new
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| -registration ID will be returned.</p>
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| -
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| -<pre data-filename="background.js"><code>
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| -function registerCallback(registrationId) {
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| - if (chrome.runtime.lastError) {
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| - // When the registration fails, handle the error and retry the
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| - // registration later.
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| - return;
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| - }
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| -
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| - // Send the registration ID to your application server.
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| - sendRegistrationId(function(succeed) {
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| - // Once the registration ID is received by your server,
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| - // set the flag such that register will not be invoked
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| - // next time when the app starts up.
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| - if (succeed)
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| - chrome.storage.local.set({registered: true});
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| - });
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| -}
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| -
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| -function sendRegistrationId(callback) {
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| - // Send the registration ID to your application server
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| - // in a secure way.
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| -}
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| -
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| -chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener(function() {
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| - chrome.storage.local.get("registered", function(result) {
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| - // If already registered, bail out.
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| - if (result["registered"])
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| - return;
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| -
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| - // Up to 100 senders are allowed.
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| - var senderIds = ["Your-Sender-ID"];
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| - chrome.gcm.register(senderIds, registerCallback);
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| - });
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| -});
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| -</code></pre>
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| -
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| -<p>If your app or extension is installed in different profiles and/or in different
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| -Chrome instances, each of them will receive a different registration ID.</p>
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| -
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| -<p>Your app or extension could call $(ref:gcm.unregister) to revoke the registration ID.
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| -The unregistration should only be done in rare cases, such as if your app or
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| -extension does not want to receive further messages, or the registration ID is
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| -suspected to be compromised.</p>
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| -
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| -<pre data-filename="background.js"><code>
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| -function unregisterCallback() {
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| - if (chrome.runtime.lastError) {
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| - // When the unregistration fails, handle the error and retry
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| - // the unregistration later.
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| - return;
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| - }
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| -}
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| -
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| -chrome.gcm.unregister(unregisterCallback);
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| -</code></pre>
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| -
|
| -<p>Your app or extension is automatically unregistered from the GCM service when a
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| -user uninstalls it.</p>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="receive_messages">Receive messages</h3>
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| -
|
| -<p>When your server sends a message to the user, it specifies all of the
|
| -registration IDs that are related to that user and passes the message to the GCM
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| -service. GCM servers route the message to all instances of Chrome running apps
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| -or extensions with one of the registration IDs. If your app or extension has
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| -been installed in more than one profiles in a single Chrome instance, all of
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| -them can receive messages independently based on their unique registration IDs.</p>
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| -
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| -<p>Messages from the server are delivered via the $(ref:gcm.onMessage) event. Your app
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| -or extension must register a handler to receive this event.</p>
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| -
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| -<pre data-filename="background.js"><code>
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| -chrome.gcm.onMessage.addListener(function(message) {
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| - // A message is an object with a data property that
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| - // consists of key-value pairs.
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| -});
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| -</code></pre>
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| -
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| -<p>As long as Chrome is running, even if the extension or app is not running, it is
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| -woken up to deliver a message.</p>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="send_messages">Send messages</h3>
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| -
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| -<p>To send messages upstream, your app or extension should call $(ref:gcm.send) with an
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| -object containing:</p>
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| -
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| -<ul>
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| -<li>Message ID that identifies the message when it fails to be queued or
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| -delivered. The message ID can be any kind of string. However, it is
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| -recommended to stay unique across the lifetime of your app or extension, even
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| -after it restarts. If you use the same message ID, there may be a chance that
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| -the previous message gets overridden. If an auto-increment counter is used to
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| -create the message ID, your app or extension should persist the counter value
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| -via <a href="storage">chrome.storage</a> API and restore it when the app
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| -reloads.</li>
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| -<li>Destination ID that identifies the server. This is the project number from the
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| -Google Developers Console plus the suffix "@gcm.googleapis.com".</li>
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| -<li>Data that consist of a list of string-to-string key value pairs (up to 4KB
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| -total).</li>
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| -<li>Time-to-live (TTL, optional). This property value must be a duration from 0 to
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| -2,419,200 seconds (4 weeks) and it corresponds to the maximum period of time
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| -for which GCM will store and try to deliver the message. If this property is
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| -not set, it is default to the maximum value. When a TTL is set to 0, GCM will
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| -try to deliver the message immediately. If the immediate effort fails, the
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| -message will be discarded.</li>
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| -</ul>
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| -
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| -<p>When the callback passed in $(ref:gcm.send) is called without runtime error, it does
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| -not mean that the message was already delivered to the GCM server. Rather, it
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| -means that it was queued for delivery. If the message fails to reach the
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| -destination within the specified TTL period, for example due to network error,
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| -the $(ref:gcm.onSendError) will be fired.</p>
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| -
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| -<pre data-filename="background.js"><code>
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| -// Substitute your own sender ID here. This is the project
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| -// number you got from the Google Developers Console.
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| -var senderId = "Your-Sender-ID";
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| -
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| -// Make the message ID unique across the lifetime of your app.
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| -// One way to achieve this is to use the auto-increment counter
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| -// that is persisted to local storage.
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| -
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| -// Message ID is saved to and restored from local storage.
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| -var messageId = 0;
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| -chrome.storage.local.get("messageId", function(result) {
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| - if (chrome.runtime.lastError)
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| - return;
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| - messageId = parseInt(result["messageId"]);
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| - if (isNaN(messageId))
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| - messageId = 0;
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| -});
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| -
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| -// Sets up an event listener for send error.
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| -chrome.gcm.onSendError.addListener(sendError);
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| -
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| -// Returns a new ID to identify the message.
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| -function getMessageId() {
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| - messageId++;
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| - chrome.storage.local.set({messageId: messageId});
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| - return messageId.toString();
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| -}
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| -
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| -function sendMessage() {
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| - var message = {
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| - messageId: getMessageId(),
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| - destinationId: senderId + "@gcm.googleapis.com",
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| - timeToLive: 86400, // 1 day
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| - data: {
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| - "key1": "value1",
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| - "key2": "value2"
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| - }
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| - };
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| - chrome.gcm.send(message, function(messageId) {
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| - if (chrome.runtime.lastError) {
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| - // Some error occurred. Fail gracefully or try to send
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| - // again.
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| - return;
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| - }
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| -
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| - // The message has been accepted for delivery. If the message
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| - // can not reach the destination, onSendError event will be
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| - // fired.
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| - });
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| -}
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| -
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| -function sendError(error) {
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| - console.log("Message " + error.messageId +
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| - " failed to be sent: " + error.errorMessage);
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| -}
|
| -</code></pre>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="messages_deleted_event">Messages deleted event</h3>
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| -
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| -<p>GCM will store up to 100 non-collapsible messages. After that, all messages are
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| -discarded from GCM, and an event $(ref:gcm.onMessagesDeleted) will be fired, which
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| -tells the client that it falls behind. Your app or extension should respond by
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| -syncing with your application server to recover the discarded messages.</p>
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| -
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| -<pre data-filename="background.js"><code>
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| -chrome.gcm.onMessagesDeleted.addListener(messagesDeleted);
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| -
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| -function messagesDeleted() {
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| - // All messages have been discarded from GCM. Sync with
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| - // your application server to recover from the situation.
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| -}
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| -</code></pre>
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| -
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| -<h3 id="collapsible_messages">Collapsible messages</h3>
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| -
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| -<p>GCM messages are often a tickle, telling the app or extension to contact the
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| -server for fresh data. In GCM, it's possible to create collapsible messages for
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| -this situation, wherein new messages replace older ones. When a collapse key is
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| -provided and multiple messages are queued up in the GCM servers for the same
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| -user, only the last one with any given collapse key is delivered to your app or
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| -extension. As a result the <code>message</code> object passed to the $(ref:gcm.onMessage) event
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| -will contain a <code>collapseKey</code>field. For more details about sending collapsible
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| -messages, please refer to <a href="http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/adv.html#collapsible">GCM Advance
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| -Topics</a>.</p>
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| -
|
| -<h2 id="publish_your_app">Publish your app</h2>
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| -
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| -<p>To use the GCM service, you must publish your app in the <a href="https://developers.google.com/chrome/web-store/docs/publish">Chrome Web
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| -Store</a>.</p>
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| -
|
| -<h2 id="error_reference">Error reference</h2>
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| -
|
| -<p>An error could occur when a gcm API function is called. Your app or extension
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| -should check $(ref:runtime.lastError) for more information in your callback. The
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| -error code will also be passed as a parameter to $(ref:gcm.onSendError) event.</p>
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| -
|
| -<p>Here's a brief summary of the gcm errors:</p>
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| -
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| -<ul>
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| -<li><strong>Function was called with invalid parameters</strong>: this could happen when gcm
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| -functions are called with bad parameters.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Profile was not signed in</strong>: this could happen when gcm functions are called
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| -from a profile that was not signed in.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Asynchronous operation is pending</strong>: this could happen when certain gcm
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| -function is called again without waiting for the callback passed in previous
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| -function to be called.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Network error occurred</strong>: this could happen when GCM server fails to reach
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| -due to network problem, like losing Internet connection.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Server error occurred</strong>: this could happen when GCM server fails to reach
|
| -due to server problem, like server busy.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Time-to-live exceeded</strong>: this could happen when a message could not be
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| -delivered within the specific time-to-live period.</li>
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| -<li><strong>Unknown error occurred</strong>: this could happen due to any other internal
|
| -errors.</li>
|
| -</ul>
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| -
|
| -<h2 id="feedback">Feedback</h2>
|
| -
|
| -<p>You can provide feedback about Google Cloud Messaging and the gcm API through
|
| -the Google Group <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/gcm-for-chrome-feedback">GCM for Chrome
|
| -Feedback</a>.
|
| -Use this group to ask for help, file bug reports, and request features.</p>
|
|
|