Check in the pristine copy of ICU 4.6...

icu46/source/tools/tzcode/zic.c

+/*
+** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+** 2006-07-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+*/
+
+static char     elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c  8.18";
+
+#include "private.h"
+#include "locale.h"
+#include "tzfile.h"
+
+#define ZIC_VERSION     '2'
+
+typedef int_fast64_t    zic_t;
+
+#ifndef ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN
+#define ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN        6
+#endif /* !defined ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN */
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#include "sys/stat.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef S_IRUSR
+#define MKDIR_UMASK (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH)
+#else
+#define MKDIR_UMASK 0755
+#endif
+
+/* Enable extensions and modifications for ICU. */
+#define ICU
+
+/* Continue executing after link failure. Even if ICU is undefined
+ * (for vanilla zic behavior), ICU_LINKS should be defined, since zic
+ * appears to fail on the 2003 data the first time through during the
+ * linking phase. Running zic twice, with ICU_LINKS defined, causes
+ * links to be handled correctly. */
+#define ICU_LINKS
+
+#ifdef ICU
+#include "tz2icu.h"
+#endif
+
+/*
+** On some ancient hosts, predicates like `isspace(C)' are defined
+** only if isascii(C) || C == EOF. Modern hosts obey the C Standard,
+** which says they are defined only if C == ((unsigned char) C) || C == EOF.
+** Neither the C Standard nor Posix require that `isascii' exist.
+** For portability, we check both ancient and modern requirements.
+** If isascii is not defined, the isascii check succeeds trivially.
+*/
+#include "ctype.h"
+#ifndef isascii
+#define isascii(x) 1
+#endif
+
+#define OFFSET_STRLEN_MAXIMUM   (7 + INT_STRLEN_MAXIMUM(long))
+#define RULE_STRLEN_MAXIMUM     8       /* "Mdd.dd.d" */
+
+#define end(cp) (strchr((cp), '\0'))
+
+struct rule {
+        const char *    r_filename;
+        int             r_linenum;
+        const char *    r_name;
+
+        int             r_loyear;       /* for example, 1986 */
+        int             r_hiyear;       /* for example, 1986 */
+        const char *    r_yrtype;
+        int             r_lowasnum;
+        int             r_hiwasnum;
+
+        int             r_month;        /* 0..11 */
+
+        int             r_dycode;       /* see below */
+        int             r_dayofmonth;
+        int             r_wday;
+
+        long            r_tod;          /* time from midnight */
+        int             r_todisstd;     /* above is standard time if TRUE */
+                                        /* or wall clock time if FALSE */
+        int             r_todisgmt;     /* above is GMT if TRUE */
+                                        /* or local time if FALSE */
+        long            r_stdoff;       /* offset from standard time */
+        const char *    r_abbrvar;      /* variable part of abbreviation */
+
+        int             r_todo;         /* a rule to do (used in outzone) */
+        zic_t           r_temp;         /* used in outzone */
+};
+
+/*
+**      r_dycode                r_dayofmonth    r_wday
+*/
+
+#define DC_DOM          0       /* 1..31 */     /* unused */
+#define DC_DOWGEQ       1       /* 1..31 */     /* 0..6 (Sun..Sat) */
+#define DC_DOWLEQ       2       /* 1..31 */     /* 0..6 (Sun..Sat) */
+
+struct zone {
+        const char *    z_filename;
+        int             z_linenum;
+
+        const char *    z_name;
+        long            z_gmtoff;
+        const char *    z_rule;
+        const char *    z_format;
+
+        long            z_stdoff;
+
+        struct rule *   z_rules;
+        int             z_nrules;
+
+        struct rule     z_untilrule;
+        zic_t           z_untiltime;
+};
+
+extern int      getopt(int argc, char * const argv[],
+                        const char * options);
+extern int      link(const char * fromname, const char * toname);
+extern char *   optarg;
+extern int      optind;
+
+static void     addtt(zic_t starttime, int type);
+#ifdef ICU
+static int      addtype(long gmtoff, long rawoff, long dstoff,
+                                const char * abbr, int isdst,
+                                int ttisstd, int ttisgmt);
+#else
+static int      addtype(long gmtoff, const char * abbr, int isdst,
+                                int ttisstd, int ttisgmt);
+#endif
+static void     leapadd(zic_t t, int positive, int rolling, int count);
+static void     adjleap(void);
+static void     associate(void);
+static int      ciequal(const char * ap, const char * bp);
+static void     convert(long val, char * buf);
+static void     convert64(zic_t val, char * buf);
+static void     dolink(const char * fromfield, const char * tofield);
+static void     doabbr(char * abbr, const char * format,
+                        const char * letters, int isdst, int doquotes);
+static void     eat(const char * name, int num);
+static void     eats(const char * name, int num,
+                        const char * rname, int rnum);
+static long     eitol(int i);
+static void     error(const char * message);
+static char **  getfields(char * buf);
+static long     gethms(const char * string, const char * errstrng,
+                        int signable);
+static void     infile(const char * filename);
+static void     inleap(char ** fields, int nfields);
+static void     inlink(char ** fields, int nfields);
+static void     inrule(char ** fields, int nfields);
+static int      inzcont(char ** fields, int nfields);
+static int      inzone(char ** fields, int nfields);
+static int      inzsub(char ** fields, int nfields, int iscont);
+static int      is32(zic_t x);
+static int      itsabbr(const char * abbr, const char * word);
+static int      itsdir(const char * name);
+static int      lowerit(int c);
+static char *   memcheck(char * tocheck);
+static int      mkdirs(char * filename);
+static void     newabbr(const char * abbr);
+static long     oadd(long t1, long t2);
+static void     outzone(const struct zone * zp, int ntzones);
+static void     puttzcode(long code, FILE * fp);
+static void     puttzcode64(zic_t code, FILE * fp);
+static int      rcomp(const void * leftp, const void * rightp);
+static zic_t    rpytime(const struct rule * rp, int wantedy);
+static void     rulesub(struct rule * rp,
+                        const char * loyearp, const char * hiyearp,
+                        const char * typep, const char * monthp,
+                        const char * dayp, const char * timep);
+static int      stringoffset(char * result, long offset);
+static int      stringrule(char * result, const struct rule * rp,
+                        long dstoff, long gmtoff);
+static void     stringzone(char * result,
+                        const struct zone * zp, int ntzones);
+static void     setboundaries(void);
+static zic_t    tadd(zic_t t1, long t2);
+static void     usage(FILE *stream, int status);
+static void     writezone(const char * name, const char * string);
+static int      yearistype(int year, const char * type);
+#ifdef ICU
+static void     emit_icu_zone(FILE* f, const char* zoneName, int zoneOffset,
+                                        const struct rule* rule,
+                                        int ruleIndex, int startYear);
+static void     emit_icu_link(FILE* f, const char* from, const char* to);
+static void     emit_icu_rule(FILE* f, const struct rule* r, int ruleIndex);
+static int      add_icu_final_rules(const struct rule* r1, const struct rule* r2);
+#endif
+
+static int              charcnt;
+static int              errors;
+static const char *     filename;
+static int              leapcnt;
+static int              leapseen;
+static int              leapminyear;
+static int              leapmaxyear;
+static int              linenum;
+static int              max_abbrvar_len;
+static int              max_format_len;
+static zic_t            max_time;
+static int              max_year;
+static zic_t            min_time;
+static int              min_year;
+static int              noise;
+static const char *     rfilename;
+static int              rlinenum;
+static const char *     progname;
+static int              timecnt;
+static int              typecnt;
+
+/*
+** Line codes.
+*/
+
+#define LC_RULE         0
+#define LC_ZONE         1
+#define LC_LINK         2
+#define LC_LEAP         3
+
+/*
+** Which fields are which on a Zone line.
+*/
+
+#define ZF_NAME         1
+#define ZF_GMTOFF       2
+#define ZF_RULE         3
+#define ZF_FORMAT       4
+#define ZF_TILYEAR      5
+#define ZF_TILMONTH     6
+#define ZF_TILDAY       7
+#define ZF_TILTIME      8
+#define ZONE_MINFIELDS  5
+#define ZONE_MAXFIELDS  9
+
+/*
+** Which fields are which on a Zone continuation line.
+*/
+
+#define ZFC_GMTOFF      0
+#define ZFC_RULE        1
+#define ZFC_FORMAT      2
+#define ZFC_TILYEAR     3
+#define ZFC_TILMONTH    4
+#define ZFC_TILDAY      5
+#define ZFC_TILTIME     6
+#define ZONEC_MINFIELDS 3
+#define ZONEC_MAXFIELDS 7
+
+/*
+** Which files are which on a Rule line.
+*/
+
+#define RF_NAME         1
+#define RF_LOYEAR       2
+#define RF_HIYEAR       3
+#define RF_COMMAND      4
+#define RF_MONTH        5
+#define RF_DAY          6
+#define RF_TOD          7
+#define RF_STDOFF       8
+#define RF_ABBRVAR      9
+#define RULE_FIELDS     10
+
+/*
+** Which fields are which on a Link line.
+*/
+
+#define LF_FROM         1
+#define LF_TO           2
+#define LINK_FIELDS     3
+
+/*
+** Which fields are which on a Leap line.
+*/
+
+#define LP_YEAR         1
+#define LP_MONTH        2
+#define LP_DAY          3
+#define LP_TIME         4
+#define LP_CORR         5
+#define LP_ROLL         6
+#define LEAP_FIELDS     7
+
+/*
+** Year synonyms.
+*/
+
+#define YR_MINIMUM      0
+#define YR_MAXIMUM      1
+#define YR_ONLY         2
+
+static struct rule *    rules;
+static int              nrules; /* number of rules */
+
+static struct zone *    zones;
+static int              nzones; /* number of zones */
+
+struct link {
+        const char *    l_filename;
+        int             l_linenum;
+        const char *    l_from;
+        const char *    l_to;
+};
+
+static struct link *    links;
+static int              nlinks;
+
+struct lookup {
+        const char *    l_word;
+        const int       l_value;
+};
+
+#ifdef ICU
+/* Indices into rules[] for final rules.  They will occur in pairs,
+ * with finalRules[i] occurring before finalRules[i+1] in the year.
+ * Each zone need only store a start year, a standard offset, and an
+ * index into finalRules[].  FinalRules[] are aliases into rules[]. */
+static const struct rule **     finalRules;
+static int                                      finalRulesCount;
+#endif
+
+static struct lookup const *    byword(const char * string,
+                                        const struct lookup * lp);
+
+static struct lookup const      line_codes[] = {
+        { "Rule",       LC_RULE },
+        { "Zone",       LC_ZONE },
+        { "Link",       LC_LINK },
+        { "Leap",       LC_LEAP },
+        { NULL,         0}
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      mon_names[] = {
+        { "January",    TM_JANUARY },
+        { "February",   TM_FEBRUARY },
+        { "March",      TM_MARCH },
+        { "April",      TM_APRIL },
+        { "May",        TM_MAY },
+        { "June",       TM_JUNE },
+        { "July",       TM_JULY },
+        { "August",     TM_AUGUST },
+        { "September",  TM_SEPTEMBER },
+        { "October",    TM_OCTOBER },
+        { "November",   TM_NOVEMBER },
+        { "December",   TM_DECEMBER },
+        { NULL,         0 }
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      wday_names[] = {
+        { "Sunday",     TM_SUNDAY },
+        { "Monday",     TM_MONDAY },
+        { "Tuesday",    TM_TUESDAY },
+        { "Wednesday",  TM_WEDNESDAY },
+        { "Thursday",   TM_THURSDAY },
+        { "Friday",     TM_FRIDAY },
+        { "Saturday",   TM_SATURDAY },
+        { NULL,         0 }
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      lasts[] = {
+        { "last-Sunday",        TM_SUNDAY },
+        { "last-Monday",        TM_MONDAY },
+        { "last-Tuesday",       TM_TUESDAY },
+        { "last-Wednesday",     TM_WEDNESDAY },
+        { "last-Thursday",      TM_THURSDAY },
+        { "last-Friday",        TM_FRIDAY },
+        { "last-Saturday",      TM_SATURDAY },
+        { NULL,                 0 }
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      begin_years[] = {
+        { "minimum",    YR_MINIMUM },
+        { "maximum",    YR_MAXIMUM },
+        { NULL,         0 }
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      end_years[] = {
+        { "minimum",    YR_MINIMUM },
+        { "maximum",    YR_MAXIMUM },
+        { "only",       YR_ONLY },
+        { NULL,         0 }
+};
+
+static struct lookup const      leap_types[] = {
+        { "Rolling",    TRUE },
+        { "Stationary", FALSE },
+        { NULL,         0 }
+};
+
+static const int        len_months[2][MONSPERYEAR] = {
+        { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 },
+        { 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }
+};
+
+static const int        len_years[2] = {
+        DAYSPERNYEAR, DAYSPERLYEAR
+};
+
+static struct attype {
+        zic_t           at;
+        unsigned char   type;
+}                       attypes[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
+static long             gmtoffs[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+#ifdef ICU
+/* gmtoffs[i] = rawoffs[i] + dstoffs[i] */
+static long             rawoffs[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static long             dstoffs[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+#endif
+static char             isdsts[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static unsigned char    abbrinds[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static char             ttisstds[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static char             ttisgmts[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static char             chars[TZ_MAX_CHARS];
+static zic_t            trans[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
+static long             corr[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
+static char             roll[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
+
+/*
+** Memory allocation.
+*/
+
+static char *
+memcheck(ptr)
+char * const    ptr;
+{
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Memory exhausted: %s\n"),
+                        progname, e);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return ptr;
+}
+
+#define emalloc(size)           memcheck(imalloc(size))
+#define erealloc(ptr, size)     memcheck(irealloc((ptr), (size)))
+#define ecpyalloc(ptr)          memcheck(icpyalloc(ptr))
+#define ecatalloc(oldp, newp)   memcheck(icatalloc((oldp), (newp)))
+
+/*
+** Error handling.
+*/
+
+static void
+eats(name, num, rname, rnum)
+const char * const      name;
+const int               num;
+const char * const      rname;
+const int               rnum;
+{
+        filename = name;
+        linenum = num;
+        rfilename = rname;
+        rlinenum = rnum;
+}
+
+static void
+eat(name, num)
+const char * const      name;
+const int               num;
+{
+        eats(name, num, (char *) NULL, -1);
+}
+
+static void
+error(string)
+const char * const      string;
+{
+        /*
+        ** Match the format of "cc" to allow sh users to
+        **      zic ... 2>&1 | error -t "*" -v
+        ** on BSD systems.
+        */
+        (void) fprintf(stderr, _("\"%s\", line %d: %s"),
+                filename, linenum, string);
+        if (rfilename != NULL)
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _(" (rule from \"%s\", line %d)"),
+                        rfilename, rlinenum);
+        (void) fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+        ++errors;
+}
+
+static void
+warning(string)
+const char * const      string;
+{
+        char *  cp;
+
+        cp = ecpyalloc(_("warning: "));
+        cp = ecatalloc(cp, string);
+        error(cp);
+        ifree(cp);
+        --errors;
+}
+
+static void
+usage(FILE *stream, int status)
+{
+        (void) fprintf(stream, _("%s: usage is %s \
+[ --version ] [ --help ] [ -v ] [ -l localtime ] [ -p posixrules ] \\\n\
+\t[ -d directory ] [ -L leapseconds ] [ -y yearistype ] [ filename ... ]\n\
+\n\
+Report bugs to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov.\n"),
+                       progname, progname);
+        exit(status);
+}
+
+#ifdef ICU
+/* File into which we will write supplemental ICU data. */
+static FILE *   icuFile;
+
+static void
+emit_icu_zone(FILE* f, const char* zoneName, int zoneOffset,
+                                        const struct rule* rule,
+                                        int ruleIndex, int startYear) {
+        /* machine-readable section */
+        fprintf(f, "zone %s %d %d %s", zoneName, zoneOffset, startYear, rule->r_name);
+
+        /* human-readable section */
+        fprintf(f, " # zone %s, offset %d, year >= %d, rule %s (%d)\n",
+                        zoneName, zoneOffset, startYear,
+                        rule->r_name, ruleIndex);
+}
+
+static void
+emit_icu_link(FILE* f, const char* from, const char* to) {
+        /* machine-readable section */
+        fprintf(f, "link %s %s\n", from, to);
+}
+
+static const char* DYCODE[] = {"DOM", "DOWGEQ", "DOWLEQ"};
+
+static void
+emit_icu_rule(FILE* f, const struct rule* r, int ruleIndex) {
+        if (r->r_yrtype != NULL) {
+                warning("year types not supported by ICU");
+                fprintf(stderr, "rule %s, file %s, line %d\n",
+                                r->r_name, r->r_filename, r->r_linenum);
+    }
+
+        /* machine-readable section */
+        fprintf(f, "rule %s %s %d %d %d %ld %d %d %ld",
+                        r->r_name, DYCODE[r->r_dycode],
+                        r->r_month, r->r_dayofmonth,
+                        (r->r_dycode == DC_DOM ? -1 : r->r_wday),
+                        r->r_tod, r->r_todisstd, r->r_todisgmt, r->r_stdoff
+                        );
+
+        /* human-readable section */
+        fprintf(f, " # %d: %s, file %s, line %d",
+                        ruleIndex, r->r_name, r->r_filename, r->r_linenum);
+        fprintf(f, ", mode %s", DYCODE[r->r_dycode]);
+        fprintf(f, ", %s, dom %d", mon_names[r->r_month].l_word, r->r_dayofmonth);
+        if (r->r_dycode != DC_DOM) {
+                fprintf(f, ", %s", wday_names[r->r_wday].l_word);
+        }
+        fprintf(f, ", time %ld", r->r_tod);
+        fprintf(f, ", isstd %d", r->r_todisstd);
+        fprintf(f, ", isgmt %d", r->r_todisgmt);
+        fprintf(f, ", offset %ld", r->r_stdoff);
+        fprintf(f, "\n");
+}
+
+static int
+add_icu_final_rules(const struct rule* r1, const struct rule* r2) {
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<finalRulesCount; ++i) { /* i+=2 should work too */
+                if (r1==finalRules[i]) return i; /* [sic] pointer comparison */
+        }
+
+        finalRules = (const struct rule**) (void*) erealloc((char *) finalRules,
+                                (finalRulesCount + 2) * sizeof(*finalRules));
+        finalRules[finalRulesCount++] = r1;
+        finalRules[finalRulesCount++] = r2;
+        return finalRulesCount - 2;
+}
+#endif
+
+static const char *     psxrules;
+static const char *     lcltime;
+static const char *     directory;
+static const char *     leapsec;
+static const char *     yitcommand;
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+int     argc;
+char *  argv[];
+{
+        register int    i;
+        register int    j;
+        register int    c;
+
+#ifdef unix
+        (void) umask(umask(S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) | (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH));
+#endif /* defined unix */
+#if HAVE_GETTEXT
+        (void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+#ifdef TZ_DOMAINDIR
+        (void) bindtextdomain(TZ_DOMAIN, TZ_DOMAINDIR);
+#endif /* defined TEXTDOMAINDIR */
+        (void) textdomain(TZ_DOMAIN);
+#endif /* HAVE_GETTEXT */
+        progname = argv[0];
+        if (TYPE_BIT(zic_t) < 64) {
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname,
+                        _("wild compilation-time specification of zic_t"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
+                if (strcmp(argv[i], "--version") == 0) {
+                        (void) printf("%s\n", elsieid);
+                        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0) {
+                        usage(stdout, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "d:l:p:L:vsy:")) != EOF && c != -1)
+                switch (c) {
+                        default:
+                                usage(stderr, EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        case 'd':
+                                if (directory == NULL)
+                                        directory = optarg;
+                                else {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: More than one -d option specified\n"),
+                                                progname);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 'l':
+                                if (lcltime == NULL)
+                                        lcltime = optarg;
+                                else {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: More than one -l option specified\n"),
+                                                progname);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 'p':
+                                if (psxrules == NULL)
+                                        psxrules = optarg;
+                                else {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: More than one -p option specified\n"),
+                                                progname);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 'y':
+                                if (yitcommand == NULL)
+                                        yitcommand = optarg;
+                                else {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: More than one -y option specified\n"),
+                                                progname);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 'L':
+                                if (leapsec == NULL)
+                                        leapsec = optarg;
+                                else {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: More than one -L option specified\n"),
+                                                progname);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 'v':
+                                noise = TRUE;
+                                break;
+                        case 's':
+                                (void) printf("%s: -s ignored\n", progname);
+                                break;
+                }
+        if (optind == argc - 1 && strcmp(argv[optind], "=") == 0)
+                usage(stderr, EXIT_FAILURE);    /* usage message by request */
+        if (directory == NULL)
+                directory = TZDIR;
+        if (yitcommand == NULL)
+                yitcommand = "yearistype";
+
+        setboundaries();
+
+        if (optind < argc && leapsec != NULL) {
+                infile(leapsec);
+                adjleap();
+        }
+
+#ifdef ICU
+        if ((icuFile = fopen(ICU_ZONE_FILE, "w")) == NULL) {
+                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't open %s: %s\n"),
+                                                progname, ICU_ZONE_FILE, e);
+                (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+#endif
+        for (i = optind; i < argc; ++i)
+                infile(argv[i]);
+        if (errors)
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        associate();
+        for (i = 0; i < nzones; i = j) {
+                /*
+                ** Find the next non-continuation zone entry.
+                */
+                for (j = i + 1; j < nzones && zones[j].z_name == NULL; ++j)
+                        continue;
+                outzone(&zones[i], j - i);
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Make links.
+        */
+        for (i = 0; i < nlinks; ++i) {
+                eat(links[i].l_filename, links[i].l_linenum);
+                dolink(links[i].l_from, links[i].l_to);
+#ifdef ICU
+                emit_icu_link(icuFile, links[i].l_from, links[i].l_to);
+#endif
+                if (noise)
+                        for (j = 0; j < nlinks; ++j)
+                                if (strcmp(links[i].l_to,
+                                        links[j].l_from) == 0)
+                                                warning(_("link to link"));
+        }
+        if (lcltime != NULL) {
+                eat("command line", 1);
+                dolink(lcltime, TZDEFAULT);
+        }
+        if (psxrules != NULL) {
+                eat("command line", 1);
+                dolink(psxrules, TZDEFRULES);
+        }
+#ifdef ICU
+        for (i=0; i<finalRulesCount; ++i) {
+                emit_icu_rule(icuFile, finalRules[i], i);
+        }
+#endif /*ICU*/
+        return (errors == 0) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static void
+dolink(fromfield, tofield)
+const char * const      fromfield;
+const char * const      tofield;
+{
+        register char * fromname;
+        register char * toname;
+
+        if (fromfield[0] == '/')
+                fromname = ecpyalloc(fromfield);
+        else {
+                fromname = ecpyalloc(directory);
+                fromname = ecatalloc(fromname, "/");
+                fromname = ecatalloc(fromname, fromfield);
+        }
+        if (tofield[0] == '/')
+                toname = ecpyalloc(tofield);
+        else {
+                toname = ecpyalloc(directory);
+                toname = ecatalloc(toname, "/");
+                toname = ecatalloc(toname, tofield);
+        }
+        /*
+        ** We get to be careful here since
+        ** there's a fair chance of root running us.
+        */
+        if (!itsdir(toname))
+                (void) remove(toname);
+        if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) {
+                int     result;
+
+                if (mkdirs(toname) != 0)
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                result = link(fromname, toname);
+#if HAVE_SYMLINK
+                if (result != 0 &&
+                        access(fromname, F_OK) == 0 &&
+                        !itsdir(fromname)) {
+                                const char *s = tofield;
+                                register char * symlinkcontents = NULL;
+
+                                while ((s = strchr(s+1, '/')) != NULL)
+                                        symlinkcontents =
+                                                ecatalloc(symlinkcontents,
+                                                "../");
+                                symlinkcontents =
+                                        ecatalloc(symlinkcontents,
+                                        fromname);
+                                result = symlink(symlinkcontents,
+                                        toname);
+                                if (result == 0)
+warning(_("hard link failed, symbolic link used"));
+                                ifree(symlinkcontents);
+                }
+#endif /* HAVE_SYMLINK */
+                if (result != 0) {
+                        const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+                                _("%s: Can't link from %s to %s: %s\n"),
+                                progname, fromname, toname, e);
+#ifndef ICU_LINKS
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+#endif
+                }
+        }
+        ifree(fromname);
+        ifree(toname);
+}
+
+#define TIME_T_BITS_IN_FILE     64
+
+static void
+setboundaries(void)
+{
+        register int    i;
+
+        min_time = -1;
+        for (i = 0; i < TIME_T_BITS_IN_FILE - 1; ++i)
+                min_time *= 2;
+        max_time = -(min_time + 1);
+}
+
+static int
+itsdir(name)
+const char * const      name;
+{
+        register char * myname;
+        register int    accres;
+
+        myname = ecpyalloc(name);
+        myname = ecatalloc(myname, "/.");
+        accres = access(myname, F_OK);
+        ifree(myname);
+        return accres == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Associate sets of rules with zones.
+*/
+
+/*
+** Sort by rule name.
+*/
+
+static int
+rcomp(cp1, cp2)
+const void *    cp1;
+const void *    cp2;
+{
+        return strcmp(((const struct rule *) cp1)->r_name,
+                ((const struct rule *) cp2)->r_name);
+}
+
+static void
+associate(void)
+{
+        register struct zone *  zp;
+        register struct rule *  rp;
+        register int            base, out;
+        register int            i, j;
+
+        if (nrules != 0) {
+                (void) qsort((void *) rules, (size_t) nrules,
+                        (size_t) sizeof *rules, rcomp);
+                for (i = 0; i < nrules - 1; ++i) {
+                        if (strcmp(rules[i].r_name,
+                                rules[i + 1].r_name) != 0)
+                                        continue;
+                        if (strcmp(rules[i].r_filename,
+                                rules[i + 1].r_filename) == 0)
+                                        continue;
+                        eat(rules[i].r_filename, rules[i].r_linenum);
+                        warning(_("same rule name in multiple files"));
+                        eat(rules[i + 1].r_filename, rules[i + 1].r_linenum);
+                        warning(_("same rule name in multiple files"));
+                        for (j = i + 2; j < nrules; ++j) {
+                                if (strcmp(rules[i].r_name,
+                                        rules[j].r_name) != 0)
+                                                break;
+                                if (strcmp(rules[i].r_filename,
+                                        rules[j].r_filename) == 0)
+                                                continue;
+                                if (strcmp(rules[i + 1].r_filename,
+                                        rules[j].r_filename) == 0)
+                                                continue;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        i = j - 1;
+                }
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < nzones; ++i) {
+                zp = &zones[i];
+                zp->z_rules = NULL;
+                zp->z_nrules = 0;
+        }
+        for (base = 0; base < nrules; base = out) {
+                rp = &rules[base];
+                for (out = base + 1; out < nrules; ++out)
+                        if (strcmp(rp->r_name, rules[out].r_name) != 0)
+                                break;
+                for (i = 0; i < nzones; ++i) {
+                        zp = &zones[i];
+                        if (strcmp(zp->z_rule, rp->r_name) != 0)
+                                continue;
+                        zp->z_rules = rp;
+                        zp->z_nrules = out - base;
+                }
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < nzones; ++i) {
+                zp = &zones[i];
+                if (zp->z_nrules == 0) {
+                        /*
+                        ** Maybe we have a local standard time offset.
+                        */
+                        eat(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum);
+                        zp->z_stdoff = gethms(zp->z_rule, _("unruly zone"),
+                                TRUE);
+                        /*
+                        ** Note, though, that if there's no rule,
+                        ** a '%s' in the format is a bad thing.
+                        */
+                        if (strchr(zp->z_format, '%') != 0)
+                                error(_("%s in ruleless zone"));
+                }
+        }
+        if (errors)
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void
+infile(name)
+const char *    name;
+{
+        register FILE *                 fp;
+        register char **                fields;
+        register char *                 cp;
+        register const struct lookup *  lp;
+        register int                    nfields;
+        register int                    wantcont;
+        register int                    num;
+        char                            buf[BUFSIZ];
+
+        if (strcmp(name, "-") == 0) {
+                name = _("standard input");
+                fp = stdin;
+        } else if ((fp = fopen(name, "r")) == NULL) {
+                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't open %s: %s\n"),
+                        progname, name, e);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        wantcont = FALSE;
+        for (num = 1; ; ++num) {
+                eat(name, num);
+                if (fgets(buf, (int) sizeof buf, fp) != buf)
+                        break;
+                cp = strchr(buf, '\n');
+                if (cp == NULL) {
+                        error(_("line too long"));
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+                *cp = '\0';
+                fields = getfields(buf);
+                nfields = 0;
+                while (fields[nfields] != NULL) {
+                        static char     nada;
+
+                        if (strcmp(fields[nfields], "-") == 0)
+                                fields[nfields] = &nada;
+                        ++nfields;
+                }
+                if (nfields == 0) {
+                        /* nothing to do */
+                } else if (wantcont) {
+                        wantcont = inzcont(fields, nfields);
+                } else {
+                        lp = byword(fields[0], line_codes);
+                        if (lp == NULL)
+                                error(_("input line of unknown type"));
+                        else switch ((int) (lp->l_value)) {
+                                case LC_RULE:
+                                        inrule(fields, nfields);
+                                        wantcont = FALSE;
+                                        break;
+                                case LC_ZONE:
+                                        wantcont = inzone(fields, nfields);
+                                        break;
+                                case LC_LINK:
+                                        inlink(fields, nfields);
+                                        wantcont = FALSE;
+                                        break;
+                                case LC_LEAP:
+                                        if (name != leapsec)
+                                                (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: Leap line in non leap seconds file %s\n"),
+                                                        progname, name);
+                                        else    inleap(fields, nfields);
+                                        wantcont = FALSE;
+                                        break;
+                                default:        /* "cannot happen" */
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
+                                                progname, lp->l_value);
+                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                }
+                ifree((char *) fields);
+        }
+        if (ferror(fp)) {
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Error reading %s\n"),
+                        progname, filename);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (fp != stdin && fclose(fp)) {
+                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Error closing %s: %s\n"),
+                        progname, filename, e);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (wantcont)
+                error(_("expected continuation line not found"));
+}
+
+/*
+** Convert a string of one of the forms
+**      h       -h      hh:mm   -hh:mm  hh:mm:ss        -hh:mm:ss
+** into a number of seconds.
+** A null string maps to zero.
+** Call error with errstring and return zero on errors.
+*/
+
+static long
+gethms(string, errstring, signable)
+const char *            string;
+const char * const      errstring;
+const int               signable;
+{
+        long    hh;
+        int     mm, ss, sign;
+
+        if (string == NULL || *string == '\0')
+                return 0;
+        if (!signable)
+                sign = 1;
+        else if (*string == '-') {
+                sign = -1;
+                ++string;
+        } else  sign = 1;
+        if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld"), &hh) == 1)
+                mm = ss = 0;
+        else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld:%d"), &hh, &mm) == 2)
+                ss = 0;
+        else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld:%d:%d"),
+                &hh, &mm, &ss) != 3) {
+                        error(errstring);
+                        return 0;
+        }
+        if (hh < 0 ||
+                mm < 0 || mm >= MINSPERHOUR ||
+                ss < 0 || ss > SECSPERMIN) {
+                        error(errstring);
+                        return 0;
+        }
+        if (LONG_MAX / SECSPERHOUR < hh) {
+                error(_("time overflow"));
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (noise && hh == HOURSPERDAY && mm == 0 && ss == 0)
+                warning(_("24:00 not handled by pre-1998 versions of zic"));
+        if (noise && (hh > HOURSPERDAY ||
+                (hh == HOURSPERDAY && (mm != 0 || ss != 0))))
+warning(_("values over 24 hours not handled by pre-2007 versions of zic"));
+        return oadd(eitol(sign) * hh * eitol(SECSPERHOUR),
+                    eitol(sign) * (eitol(mm) * eitol(SECSPERMIN) + eitol(ss)));
+}
+
+static void
+inrule(fields, nfields)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+{
+        static struct rule      r;
+
+        if (nfields != RULE_FIELDS) {
+                error(_("wrong number of fields on Rule line"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (*fields[RF_NAME] == '\0') {
+                error(_("nameless rule"));
+                return;
+        }
+        r.r_filename = filename;
+        r.r_linenum = linenum;
+        r.r_stdoff = gethms(fields[RF_STDOFF], _("invalid saved time"), TRUE);
+        rulesub(&r, fields[RF_LOYEAR], fields[RF_HIYEAR], fields[RF_COMMAND],
+                fields[RF_MONTH], fields[RF_DAY], fields[RF_TOD]);
+        r.r_name = ecpyalloc(fields[RF_NAME]);
+        r.r_abbrvar = ecpyalloc(fields[RF_ABBRVAR]);
+        if (max_abbrvar_len < strlen(r.r_abbrvar))
+                max_abbrvar_len = strlen(r.r_abbrvar);
+        rules = (struct rule *) (void *) erealloc((char *) rules,
+                (int) ((nrules + 1) * sizeof *rules));
+        rules[nrules++] = r;
+}
+
+static int
+inzone(fields, nfields)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+{
+        register int    i;
+        static char *   buf;
+
+        if (nfields < ZONE_MINFIELDS || nfields > ZONE_MAXFIELDS) {
+                error(_("wrong number of fields on Zone line"));
+                return FALSE;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(fields[ZF_NAME], TZDEFAULT) == 0 && lcltime != NULL) {
+                buf = erealloc(buf, (int) (132 + strlen(TZDEFAULT)));
+                (void) sprintf(buf,
+_("\"Zone %s\" line and -l option are mutually exclusive"),
+                        TZDEFAULT);
+                error(buf);
+                return FALSE;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(fields[ZF_NAME], TZDEFRULES) == 0 && psxrules != NULL) {
+                buf = erealloc(buf, (int) (132 + strlen(TZDEFRULES)));
+                (void) sprintf(buf,
+_("\"Zone %s\" line and -p option are mutually exclusive"),
+                        TZDEFRULES);
+                error(buf);
+                return FALSE;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < nzones; ++i)
+                if (zones[i].z_name != NULL &&
+                        strcmp(zones[i].z_name, fields[ZF_NAME]) == 0) {
+                                buf = erealloc(buf, (int) (132 +
+                                        strlen(fields[ZF_NAME]) +
+                                        strlen(zones[i].z_filename)));
+                                (void) sprintf(buf,
+_("duplicate zone name %s (file \"%s\", line %d)"),
+                                        fields[ZF_NAME],
+                                        zones[i].z_filename,
+                                        zones[i].z_linenum);
+                                error(buf);
+                                return FALSE;
+                }
+        return inzsub(fields, nfields, FALSE);
+}
+
+static int
+inzcont(fields, nfields)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+{
+        if (nfields < ZONEC_MINFIELDS || nfields > ZONEC_MAXFIELDS) {
+                error(_("wrong number of fields on Zone continuation line"));
+                return FALSE;
+        }
+        return inzsub(fields, nfields, TRUE);
+}
+
+static int
+inzsub(fields, nfields, iscont)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+const int               iscont;
+{
+        register char *         cp;
+        static struct zone      z;
+        register int            i_gmtoff, i_rule, i_format;
+        register int            i_untilyear, i_untilmonth;
+        register int            i_untilday, i_untiltime;
+        register int            hasuntil;
+
+        if (iscont) {
+                i_gmtoff = ZFC_GMTOFF;
+                i_rule = ZFC_RULE;
+                i_format = ZFC_FORMAT;
+                i_untilyear = ZFC_TILYEAR;
+                i_untilmonth = ZFC_TILMONTH;
+                i_untilday = ZFC_TILDAY;
+                i_untiltime = ZFC_TILTIME;
+                z.z_name = NULL;
+        } else {
+                i_gmtoff = ZF_GMTOFF;
+                i_rule = ZF_RULE;
+                i_format = ZF_FORMAT;
+                i_untilyear = ZF_TILYEAR;
+                i_untilmonth = ZF_TILMONTH;
+                i_untilday = ZF_TILDAY;
+                i_untiltime = ZF_TILTIME;
+                z.z_name = ecpyalloc(fields[ZF_NAME]);
+        }
+        z.z_filename = filename;
+        z.z_linenum = linenum;
+        z.z_gmtoff = gethms(fields[i_gmtoff], _("invalid UTC offset"), TRUE);
+        if ((cp = strchr(fields[i_format], '%')) != 0) {
+                if (*++cp != 's' || strchr(cp, '%') != 0) {
+                        error(_("invalid abbreviation format"));
+                        return FALSE;
+                }
+        }
+        z.z_rule = ecpyalloc(fields[i_rule]);
+        z.z_format = ecpyalloc(fields[i_format]);
+        if (max_format_len < strlen(z.z_format))
+                max_format_len = strlen(z.z_format);
+        hasuntil = nfields > i_untilyear;
+        if (hasuntil) {
+                z.z_untilrule.r_filename = filename;
+                z.z_untilrule.r_linenum = linenum;
+                rulesub(&z.z_untilrule,
+                        fields[i_untilyear],
+                        "only",
+                        "",
+                        (nfields > i_untilmonth) ?
+                        fields[i_untilmonth] : "Jan",
+                        (nfields > i_untilday) ? fields[i_untilday] : "1",
+                        (nfields > i_untiltime) ? fields[i_untiltime] : "0");
+                z.z_untiltime = rpytime(&z.z_untilrule,
+                        z.z_untilrule.r_loyear);
+                if (iscont && nzones > 0 &&
+                        z.z_untiltime > min_time &&
+                        z.z_untiltime < max_time &&
+                        zones[nzones - 1].z_untiltime > min_time &&
+                        zones[nzones - 1].z_untiltime < max_time &&
+                        zones[nzones - 1].z_untiltime >= z.z_untiltime) {
+                                error(_(
+"Zone continuation line end time is not after end time of previous line"
+                                        ));
+                                return FALSE;
+                }
+        }
+        zones = (struct zone *) (void *) erealloc((char *) zones,
+                (int) ((nzones + 1) * sizeof *zones));
+        zones[nzones++] = z;
+        /*
+        ** If there was an UNTIL field on this line,
+        ** there's more information about the zone on the next line.
+        */
+        return hasuntil;
+}
+
+static void
+inleap(fields, nfields)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+{
+        register const char *           cp;
+        register const struct lookup *  lp;
+        register int                    i, j;
+        int                             year, month, day;
+        long                            dayoff, tod;
+        zic_t                           t;
+
+        if (nfields != LEAP_FIELDS) {
+                error(_("wrong number of fields on Leap line"));
+                return;
+        }
+        dayoff = 0;
+        cp = fields[LP_YEAR];
+        if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &year) != 1) {
+                /*
+                ** Leapin' Lizards!
+                */
+                error(_("invalid leaping year"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (!leapseen || leapmaxyear < year)
+                leapmaxyear = year;
+        if (!leapseen || leapminyear > year)
+                leapminyear = year;
+        leapseen = TRUE;
+        j = EPOCH_YEAR;
+        while (j != year) {
+                if (year > j) {
+                        i = len_years[isleap(j)];
+                        ++j;
+                } else {
+                        --j;
+                        i = -len_years[isleap(j)];
+                }
+                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+        }
+        if ((lp = byword(fields[LP_MONTH], mon_names)) == NULL) {
+                error(_("invalid month name"));
+                return;
+        }
+        month = lp->l_value;
+        j = TM_JANUARY;
+        while (j != month) {
+                i = len_months[isleap(year)][j];
+                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+                ++j;
+        }
+        cp = fields[LP_DAY];
+        if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &day) != 1 ||
+                day <= 0 || day > len_months[isleap(year)][month]) {
+                        error(_("invalid day of month"));
+                        return;
+        }
+        dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(day - 1));
+        if (dayoff < 0 && !TYPE_SIGNED(zic_t)) {
+                error(_("time before zero"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (dayoff < min_time / SECSPERDAY) {
+                error(_("time too small"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (dayoff > max_time / SECSPERDAY) {
+                error(_("time too large"));
+                return;
+        }
+        t = (zic_t) dayoff * SECSPERDAY;
+        tod = gethms(fields[LP_TIME], _("invalid time of day"), FALSE);
+        cp = fields[LP_CORR];
+        {
+                register int    positive;
+                int             count;
+
+                if (strcmp(cp, "") == 0) { /* infile() turns "-" into "" */
+                        positive = FALSE;
+                        count = 1;
+                } else if (strcmp(cp, "--") == 0) {
+                        positive = FALSE;
+                        count = 2;
+                } else if (strcmp(cp, "+") == 0) {
+                        positive = TRUE;
+                        count = 1;
+                } else if (strcmp(cp, "++") == 0) {
+                        positive = TRUE;
+                        count = 2;
+                } else {
+                        error(_("illegal CORRECTION field on Leap line"));
+                        return;
+                }
+                if ((lp = byword(fields[LP_ROLL], leap_types)) == NULL) {
+                        error(_(
+                                "illegal Rolling/Stationary field on Leap line"
+                                ));
+                        return;
+                }
+                leapadd(tadd(t, tod), positive, lp->l_value, count);
+        }
+}
+
+static void
+inlink(fields, nfields)
+register char ** const  fields;
+const int               nfields;
+{
+        struct link     l;
+
+        if (nfields != LINK_FIELDS) {
+                error(_("wrong number of fields on Link line"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (*fields[LF_FROM] == '\0') {
+                error(_("blank FROM field on Link line"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (*fields[LF_TO] == '\0') {
+                error(_("blank TO field on Link line"));
+                return;
+        }
+        l.l_filename = filename;
+        l.l_linenum = linenum;
+        l.l_from = ecpyalloc(fields[LF_FROM]);
+        l.l_to = ecpyalloc(fields[LF_TO]);
+        links = (struct link *) (void *) erealloc((char *) links,
+                (int) ((nlinks + 1) * sizeof *links));
+        links[nlinks++] = l;
+}
+
+static void
+rulesub(rp, loyearp, hiyearp, typep, monthp, dayp, timep)
+register struct rule * const    rp;
+const char * const              loyearp;
+const char * const              hiyearp;
+const char * const              typep;
+const char * const              monthp;
+const char * const              dayp;
+const char * const              timep;
+{
+        register const struct lookup *  lp;
+        register const char *           cp;
+        register char *                 dp;
+        register char *                 ep;
+
+        if ((lp = byword(monthp, mon_names)) == NULL) {
+                error(_("invalid month name"));
+                return;
+        }
+        rp->r_month = lp->l_value;
+        rp->r_todisstd = FALSE;
+        rp->r_todisgmt = FALSE;
+        dp = ecpyalloc(timep);
+        if (*dp != '\0') {
+                ep = dp + strlen(dp) - 1;
+                switch (lowerit(*ep)) {
+                        case 's':       /* Standard */
+                                rp->r_todisstd = TRUE;
+                                rp->r_todisgmt = FALSE;
+                                *ep = '\0';
+                                break;
+                        case 'w':       /* Wall */
+                                rp->r_todisstd = FALSE;
+                                rp->r_todisgmt = FALSE;
+                                *ep = '\0';
+                                break;
+                        case 'g':       /* Greenwich */
+                        case 'u':       /* Universal */
+                        case 'z':       /* Zulu */
+                                rp->r_todisstd = TRUE;
+                                rp->r_todisgmt = TRUE;
+                                *ep = '\0';
+                                break;
+                }
+        }
+        rp->r_tod = gethms(dp, _("invalid time of day"), FALSE);
+        ifree(dp);
+        /*
+        ** Year work.
+        */
+        cp = loyearp;
+        lp = byword(cp, begin_years);
+        rp->r_lowasnum = lp == NULL;
+        if (!rp->r_lowasnum) switch ((int) lp->l_value) {
+                case YR_MINIMUM:
+                        rp->r_loyear = INT_MIN;
+                        break;
+                case YR_MAXIMUM:
+                        rp->r_loyear = INT_MAX;
+                        break;
+                default:        /* "cannot happen" */
+                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+                                _("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
+                                progname, lp->l_value);
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        } else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_loyear) != 1) {
+                error(_("invalid starting year"));
+                return;
+        }
+        cp = hiyearp;
+        lp = byword(cp, end_years);
+        rp->r_hiwasnum = lp == NULL;
+        if (!rp->r_hiwasnum) switch ((int) lp->l_value) {
+                case YR_MINIMUM:
+                        rp->r_hiyear = INT_MIN;
+                        break;
+                case YR_MAXIMUM:
+                        rp->r_hiyear = INT_MAX;
+                        break;
+                case YR_ONLY:
+                        rp->r_hiyear = rp->r_loyear;
+                        break;
+                default:        /* "cannot happen" */
+                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+                                _("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
+                                progname, lp->l_value);
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        } else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_hiyear) != 1) {
+                error(_("invalid ending year"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (rp->r_loyear > rp->r_hiyear) {
+                error(_("starting year greater than ending year"));
+                return;
+        }
+        if (*typep == '\0')
+                rp->r_yrtype = NULL;
+        else {
+                if (rp->r_loyear == rp->r_hiyear) {
+                        error(_("typed single year"));
+                        return;
+                }
+                rp->r_yrtype = ecpyalloc(typep);
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Day work.
+        ** Accept things such as:
+        **      1
+        **      last-Sunday
+        **      Sun<=20
+        **      Sun>=7
+        */
+        dp = ecpyalloc(dayp);
+        if ((lp = byword(dp, lasts)) != NULL) {
+                rp->r_dycode = DC_DOWLEQ;
+                rp->r_wday = lp->l_value;
+                rp->r_dayofmonth = len_months[1][rp->r_month];
+        } else {
+                if ((ep = strchr(dp, '<')) != 0)
+                        rp->r_dycode = DC_DOWLEQ;
+                else if ((ep = strchr(dp, '>')) != 0)
+                        rp->r_dycode = DC_DOWGEQ;
+                else {
+                        ep = dp;
+                        rp->r_dycode = DC_DOM;
+                }
+                if (rp->r_dycode != DC_DOM) {
+                        *ep++ = 0;
+                        if (*ep++ != '=') {
+                                error(_("invalid day of month"));
+                                ifree(dp);
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        if ((lp = byword(dp, wday_names)) == NULL) {
+                                error(_("invalid weekday name"));
+                                ifree(dp);
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        rp->r_wday = lp->l_value;
+                }
+                if (sscanf(ep, scheck(ep, "%d"), &rp->r_dayofmonth) != 1 ||
+                        rp->r_dayofmonth <= 0 ||
+                        (rp->r_dayofmonth > len_months[1][rp->r_month])) {
+                                error(_("invalid day of month"));
+                                ifree(dp);
+                                return;
+                }
+        }
+        ifree(dp);
+}
+
+static void
+convert(val, buf)
+const long      val;
+char * const    buf;
+{
+        register int    i;
+        register int    shift;
+
+        for (i = 0, shift = 24; i < 4; ++i, shift -= 8)
+                buf[i] = val >> shift;
+}
+
+static void
+convert64(val, buf)
+const zic_t     val;
+char * const    buf;
+{
+        register int    i;
+        register int    shift;
+
+        for (i = 0, shift = 56; i < 8; ++i, shift -= 8)
+                buf[i] = val >> shift;
+}
+
+static void
+puttzcode(val, fp)
+const long      val;
+FILE * const    fp;
+{
+        char    buf[4];
+
+        convert(val, buf);
+        (void) fwrite((void *) buf, (size_t) sizeof buf, (size_t) 1, fp);
+}
+
+static void
+puttzcode64(val, fp)
+const zic_t     val;
+FILE * const    fp;
+{
+        char    buf[8];
+
+        convert64(val, buf);
+        (void) fwrite((void *) buf, (size_t) sizeof buf, (size_t) 1, fp);
+}
+
+static int
+atcomp(avp, bvp)
+const void *    avp;
+const void *    bvp;
+{
+        const zic_t     a = ((const struct attype *) avp)->at;
+        const zic_t     b = ((const struct attype *) bvp)->at;
+
+        return (a < b) ? -1 : (a > b);
+}
+
+static int
+is32(x)
+const zic_t     x;
+{
+        return INT32_MIN <= x && x <= INT32_MAX;
+}
+
+static void
+writezone(name, string)
+const char * const      name;
+const char * const      string;
+{
+        register FILE *                 fp;
+        register int                    i, j;
+        register int                    leapcnt32, leapi32;
+        register int                    timecnt32, timei32;
+        register int                    pass;
+        static char *                   fullname;
+        static const struct tzhead      tzh0;
+        static struct tzhead            tzh;
+        zic_t                           ats[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
+        unsigned char                   types[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
+
+        /*
+        ** Sort.
+        */
+        if (timecnt > 1)
+                (void) qsort((void *) attypes, (size_t) timecnt,
+                        (size_t) sizeof *attypes, atcomp);
+        /*
+        ** Optimize.
+        */
+        {
+                int     fromi;
+                int     toi;
+
+                toi = 0;
+                fromi = 0;
+                while (fromi < timecnt && attypes[fromi].at < min_time)
+                        ++fromi;
+                if (isdsts[0] == 0)
+                        while (fromi < timecnt && attypes[fromi].type == 0)
+                                ++fromi;        /* handled by default rule */
+                for ( ; fromi < timecnt; ++fromi) {
+                        if (toi != 0 && ((attypes[fromi].at +
+                                gmtoffs[attypes[toi - 1].type]) <=
+                                (attypes[toi - 1].at + gmtoffs[toi == 1 ? 0
+                                : attypes[toi - 2].type]))) {
+                                        attypes[toi - 1].type =
+                                                attypes[fromi].type;
+                                        continue;
+                        }
+                        if (toi == 0 ||
+                                attypes[toi - 1].type != attypes[fromi].type)
+                                        attypes[toi++] = attypes[fromi];
+                }
+                timecnt = toi;
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Transfer.
+        */
+        for (i = 0; i < timecnt; ++i) {
+                ats[i] = attypes[i].at;
+                types[i] = attypes[i].type;
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Correct for leap seconds.
+        */
+        for (i = 0; i < timecnt; ++i) {
+                j = leapcnt;
+                while (--j >= 0)
+                        if (ats[i] > trans[j] - corr[j]) {
+                                ats[i] = tadd(ats[i], corr[j]);
+                                break;
+                        }
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Figure out 32-bit-limited starts and counts.
+        */
+        timecnt32 = timecnt;
+        timei32 = 0;
+        leapcnt32 = leapcnt;
+        leapi32 = 0;
+        while (timecnt32 > 0 && !is32(ats[timecnt32 - 1]))
+                --timecnt32;
+        while (timecnt32 > 0 && !is32(ats[timei32])) {
+                --timecnt32;
+                ++timei32;
+        }
+        while (leapcnt32 > 0 && !is32(trans[leapcnt32 - 1]))
+                --leapcnt32;
+        while (leapcnt32 > 0 && !is32(trans[leapi32])) {
+                --leapcnt32;
+                ++leapi32;
+        }
+        fullname = erealloc(fullname,
+                (int) (strlen(directory) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1));
+        (void) sprintf(fullname, "%s/%s", directory, name);
+        /*
+        ** Remove old file, if any, to snap links.
+        */
+        if (!itsdir(fullname) && remove(fullname) != 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't remove %s: %s\n"),
+                        progname, fullname, e);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if ((fp = fopen(fullname, "wb")) == NULL) {
+                if (mkdirs(fullname) != 0)
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                if ((fp = fopen(fullname, "wb")) == NULL) {
+                        const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                        (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't create %s: %s\n"),
+                                progname, fullname, e);
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+        for (pass = 1; pass <= 2; ++pass) {
+                register int    thistimei, thistimecnt;
+                register int    thisleapi, thisleapcnt;
+                register int    thistimelim, thisleaplim;
+                int             writetype[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
+                int             typemap[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+                register int    thistypecnt;
+                char            thischars[TZ_MAX_CHARS];
+                char            thischarcnt;
+                int             indmap[TZ_MAX_CHARS];
+
+                if (pass == 1) {
+                        thistimei = timei32;
+                        thistimecnt = timecnt32;
+                        thisleapi = leapi32;
+                        thisleapcnt = leapcnt32;
+                } else {
+                        thistimei = 0;
+                        thistimecnt = timecnt;
+                        thisleapi = 0;
+                        thisleapcnt = leapcnt;
+                }
+                thistimelim = thistimei + thistimecnt;
+                thisleaplim = thisleapi + thisleapcnt;
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+                        writetype[i] = thistimecnt == timecnt;
+                if (thistimecnt == 0) {
+                        /*
+                        ** No transition times fall in the current
+                        ** (32- or 64-bit) window.
+                        */
+                        if (typecnt != 0)
+                                writetype[typecnt - 1] = TRUE;
+                } else {
+                        for (i = thistimei - 1; i < thistimelim; ++i)
+                                if (i >= 0)
+                                        writetype[types[i]] = TRUE;
+                        /*
+                        ** For America/Godthab and Antarctica/Palmer
+                        */
+                        if (thistimei == 0)
+                                writetype[0] = TRUE;
+                }
+                thistypecnt = 0;
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+                        typemap[i] = writetype[i] ?  thistypecnt++ : -1;
+                for (i = 0; i < sizeof indmap / sizeof indmap[0]; ++i)
+                        indmap[i] = -1;
+                thischarcnt = 0;
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i) {
+                        register char * thisabbr;
+
+                        if (!writetype[i])
+                                continue;
+                        if (indmap[abbrinds[i]] >= 0)
+                                continue;
+                        thisabbr = &chars[abbrinds[i]];
+                        for (j = 0; j < thischarcnt; ++j)
+                                if (strcmp(&thischars[j], thisabbr) == 0)
+                                        break;
+                        if (j == thischarcnt) {
+                                (void) strcpy(&thischars[(int) thischarcnt],
+                                        thisabbr);
+                                thischarcnt += strlen(thisabbr) + 1;
+                        }
+                        indmap[abbrinds[i]] = j;
+                }
+#define DO(field)       (void) fwrite((void *) tzh.field, \
+                                (size_t) sizeof tzh.field, (size_t) 1, fp)
+                tzh = tzh0;
+#ifdef ICU
+                * (ICUZoneinfoVersion*) &tzh.tzh_reserved = TZ_ICU_VERSION;
+                (void) strncpy(tzh.tzh_magic, TZ_ICU_MAGIC, sizeof tzh.tzh_magic);
+#else
+                (void) strncpy(tzh.tzh_magic, TZ_MAGIC, sizeof tzh.tzh_magic);
+#endif
+                tzh.tzh_version[0] = ZIC_VERSION;
+                convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_ttisgmtcnt);
+                convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_ttisstdcnt);
+                convert(eitol(thisleapcnt), tzh.tzh_leapcnt);
+                convert(eitol(thistimecnt), tzh.tzh_timecnt);
+                convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_typecnt);
+                convert(eitol(thischarcnt), tzh.tzh_charcnt);
+                DO(tzh_magic);
+                DO(tzh_version);
+                DO(tzh_reserved);
+                DO(tzh_ttisgmtcnt);
+                DO(tzh_ttisstdcnt);
+                DO(tzh_leapcnt);
+                DO(tzh_timecnt);
+                DO(tzh_typecnt);
+                DO(tzh_charcnt);
+#undef DO
+                for (i = thistimei; i < thistimelim; ++i)
+                        if (pass == 1)
+                                puttzcode((long) ats[i], fp);
+                        else    puttzcode64(ats[i], fp);
+                for (i = thistimei; i < thistimelim; ++i) {
+                        unsigned char   uc;
+
+                        uc = typemap[types[i]];
+                        (void) fwrite((void *) &uc,
+                                (size_t) sizeof uc,
+                                (size_t) 1,
+                                fp);
+                }
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+                        if (writetype[i]) {
+#ifdef ICU
+                                puttzcode((long) rawoffs[i], fp);
+                                puttzcode((long) dstoffs[i], fp);
+#else
+                                puttzcode(gmtoffs[i], fp);
+#endif
+                                (void) putc(isdsts[i], fp);
+                                (void) putc((unsigned char) indmap[abbrinds[i]], fp);
+                        }
+                if (thischarcnt != 0)
+                        (void) fwrite((void *) thischars,
+                                (size_t) sizeof thischars[0],
+                                (size_t) thischarcnt, fp);
+                for (i = thisleapi; i < thisleaplim; ++i) {
+                        register zic_t  todo;
+
+                        if (roll[i]) {
+                                if (timecnt == 0 || trans[i] < ats[0]) {
+                                        j = 0;
+                                        while (isdsts[j])
+                                                if (++j >= typecnt) {
+                                                        j = 0;
+                                                        break;
+                                                }
+                                } else {
+                                        j = 1;
+                                        while (j < timecnt &&
+                                                trans[i] >= ats[j])
+                                                        ++j;
+                                        j = types[j - 1];
+                                }
+                                todo = tadd(trans[i], -gmtoffs[j]);
+                        } else  todo = trans[i];
+                        if (pass == 1)
+                                puttzcode((long) todo, fp);
+                        else    puttzcode64(todo, fp);
+                        puttzcode(corr[i], fp);
+                }
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+                        if (writetype[i])
+                                (void) putc(ttisstds[i], fp);
+                for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+                        if (writetype[i])
+                                (void) putc(ttisgmts[i], fp);
+        }
+        (void) fprintf(fp, "\n%s\n", string);
+        if (ferror(fp) || fclose(fp)) {
+                (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Error writing %s\n"),
+                        progname, fullname);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+}
+
+static void
+doabbr(abbr, format, letters, isdst, doquotes)
+char * const            abbr;
+const char * const      format;
+const char * const      letters;
+const int               isdst;
+const int               doquotes;
+{
+        register char * cp;
+        register char * slashp;
+        register int    len;
+
+        slashp = strchr(format, '/');
+        if (slashp == NULL) {
+                if (letters == NULL)
+                        (void) strcpy(abbr, format);
+                else    (void) sprintf(abbr, format, letters);
+        } else if (isdst) {
+                (void) strcpy(abbr, slashp + 1);
+        } else {
+                if (slashp > format)
+                        (void) strncpy(abbr, format,
+                                (unsigned) (slashp - format));
+                abbr[slashp - format] = '\0';
+        }
+        if (!doquotes)
+                return;
+        for (cp = abbr; *cp != '\0'; ++cp)
+                if (strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", *cp) == NULL &&
+                        strchr("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *cp) == NULL)
+                                break;
+        len = strlen(abbr);
+        if (len > 0 && *cp == '\0')
+                return;
+        abbr[len + 2] = '\0';
+        abbr[len + 1] = '>';
+        for ( ; len > 0; --len)
+                abbr[len] = abbr[len - 1];
+        abbr[0] = '<';
+}
+
+static void
+updateminmax(x)
+const int       x;
+{
+        if (min_year > x)
+                min_year = x;
+        if (max_year < x)
+                max_year = x;
+}
+
+static int
+stringoffset(result, offset)
+char *  result;
+long    offset;
+{
+        register int    hours;
+        register int    minutes;
+        register int    seconds;
+
+        result[0] = '\0';
+        if (offset < 0) {
+                (void) strcpy(result, "-");
+                offset = -offset;
+        }
+        seconds = offset % SECSPERMIN;
+        offset /= SECSPERMIN;
+        minutes = offset % MINSPERHOUR;
+        offset /= MINSPERHOUR;
+        hours = offset;
+        if (hours >= HOURSPERDAY) {
+                result[0] = '\0';
+                return -1;
+        }
+        (void) sprintf(end(result), "%d", hours);
+        if (minutes != 0 || seconds != 0) {
+                (void) sprintf(end(result), ":%02d", minutes);
+                if (seconds != 0)
+                        (void) sprintf(end(result), ":%02d", seconds);
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+stringrule(result, rp, dstoff, gmtoff)
+char *                          result;
+const struct rule * const       rp;
+const long                      dstoff;
+const long                      gmtoff;
+{
+        register long   tod;
+
+        result = end(result);
+        if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOM) {
+                register int    month, total;
+
+                if (rp->r_dayofmonth == 29 && rp->r_month == TM_FEBRUARY)
+                        return -1;
+                total = 0;
+                for (month = 0; month < rp->r_month; ++month)
+                        total += len_months[0][month];
+                (void) sprintf(result, "J%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth);
+        } else {
+                register int    week;
+
+                if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ) {
+                        week = 1 + rp->r_dayofmonth / DAYSPERWEEK;
+                        if ((week - 1) * DAYSPERWEEK + 1 != rp->r_dayofmonth)
+                                return -1;
+                } else if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWLEQ) {
+                        if (rp->r_dayofmonth == len_months[1][rp->r_month])
+                                week = 5;
+                        else {
+                                week = 1 + rp->r_dayofmonth / DAYSPERWEEK;
+                                if (week * DAYSPERWEEK - 1 != rp->r_dayofmonth)
+                                        return -1;
+                        }
+                } else  return -1;      /* "cannot happen" */
+                (void) sprintf(result, "M%d.%d.%d",
+                        rp->r_month + 1, week, rp->r_wday);
+        }
+        tod = rp->r_tod;
+        if (rp->r_todisgmt)
+                tod += gmtoff;
+        if (rp->r_todisstd && rp->r_stdoff == 0)
+                tod += dstoff;
+        if (tod < 0) {
+                result[0] = '\0';
+                return -1;
+        }
+        if (tod != 2 * SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR) {
+                (void) strcat(result, "/");
+                if (stringoffset(end(result), tod) != 0)
+                        return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+stringzone(result, zpfirst, zonecount)
+char *                          result;
+const struct zone * const       zpfirst;
+const int                       zonecount;
+{
+        register const struct zone *    zp;
+        register struct rule *          rp;
+        register struct rule *          stdrp;
+        register struct rule *          dstrp;
+        register int                    i;
+        register const char *           abbrvar;
+
+        result[0] = '\0';
+        zp = zpfirst + zonecount - 1;
+        stdrp = dstrp = NULL;
+        for (i = 0; i < zp->z_nrules; ++i) {
+                rp = &zp->z_rules[i];
+                if (rp->r_hiwasnum || rp->r_hiyear != INT_MAX)
+                        continue;
+                if (rp->r_yrtype != NULL)
+                        continue;
+                if (rp->r_stdoff == 0) {
+                        if (stdrp == NULL)
+                                stdrp = rp;
+                        else    return;
+                } else {
+                        if (dstrp == NULL)
+                                dstrp = rp;
+                        else    return;
+                }
+        }
+        if (stdrp == NULL && dstrp == NULL) {
+                /*
+                ** There are no rules running through "max".
+                ** Let's find the latest rule.
+                */
+                for (i = 0; i < zp->z_nrules; ++i) {
+                        rp = &zp->z_rules[i];
+                        if (stdrp == NULL || rp->r_hiyear > stdrp->r_hiyear ||
+                                (rp->r_hiyear == stdrp->r_hiyear &&
+                                rp->r_month > stdrp->r_month))
+                                        stdrp = rp;
+                }
+                if (stdrp != NULL && stdrp->r_stdoff != 0)
+                        return; /* We end up in DST (a POSIX no-no). */
+                /*
+                ** Horrid special case: if year is 2037,
+                ** presume this is a zone handled on a year-by-year basis;
+                ** do not try to apply a rule to the zone.
+                */
+                if (stdrp != NULL && stdrp->r_hiyear == 2037)
+                        return;
+        }
+        if (stdrp == NULL && zp->z_nrules != 0)
+                return;
+        abbrvar = (stdrp == NULL) ? "" : stdrp->r_abbrvar;
+        doabbr(result, zp->z_format, abbrvar, FALSE, TRUE);
+        if (stringoffset(end(result), -zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
+                result[0] = '\0';
+                return;
+        }
+        if (dstrp == NULL)
+                return;
+        doabbr(end(result), zp->z_format, dstrp->r_abbrvar, TRUE, TRUE);
+        if (dstrp->r_stdoff != SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR)
+                if (stringoffset(end(result),
+                        -(zp->z_gmtoff + dstrp->r_stdoff)) != 0) {
+                                result[0] = '\0';
+                                return;
+                }
+        (void) strcat(result, ",");
+        if (stringrule(result, dstrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
+                result[0] = '\0';
+                return;
+        }
+        (void) strcat(result, ",");
+        if (stringrule(result, stdrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
+                result[0] = '\0';
+                return;
+        }
+}
+
+static void
+outzone(zpfirst, zonecount)
+const struct zone * const       zpfirst;
+const int                       zonecount;
+{
+        register const struct zone *    zp;
+        register struct rule *          rp;
+        register int                    i, j;
+        register int                    usestart, useuntil;
+        register zic_t                  starttime, untiltime;
+        register long                   gmtoff;
+        register long                   stdoff;
+        register int                    year;
+        register long                   startoff;
+        register int                    startttisstd;
+        register int                    startttisgmt;
+        register int                    type;
+        register char *                 startbuf;
+        register char *                 ab;
+        register char *                 envvar;
+        register int                    max_abbr_len;
+        register int                    max_envvar_len;
+#ifdef ICU
+        int                                             finalRuleYear, finalRuleIndex;
+        const struct rule*              finalRule1;
+        const struct rule*              finalRule2;
+#endif
+
+        max_abbr_len = 2 + max_format_len + max_abbrvar_len;
+        max_envvar_len = 2 * max_abbr_len + 5 * 9;
+        startbuf = emalloc(max_abbr_len + 1);
+        ab = emalloc(max_abbr_len + 1);
+        envvar = emalloc(max_envvar_len + 1);
+        INITIALIZE(untiltime);
+        INITIALIZE(starttime);
+        /*
+        ** Now. . .finally. . .generate some useful data!
+        */
+        timecnt = 0;
+        typecnt = 0;
+        charcnt = 0;
+        /*
+        ** Thanks to Earl Chew
+        ** for noting the need to unconditionally initialize startttisstd.
+        */
+        startttisstd = FALSE;
+        startttisgmt = FALSE;
+        min_year = max_year = EPOCH_YEAR;
+        if (leapseen) {
+                updateminmax(leapminyear);
+                updateminmax(leapmaxyear);
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < zonecount; ++i) {
+                zp = &zpfirst[i];
+                if (i < zonecount - 1)
+                        updateminmax(zp->z_untilrule.r_loyear);
+                for (j = 0; j < zp->z_nrules; ++j) {
+                        rp = &zp->z_rules[j];
+                        if (rp->r_lowasnum)
+                                updateminmax(rp->r_loyear);
+                        if (rp->r_hiwasnum)
+                                updateminmax(rp->r_hiyear);
+                }
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Generate lots of data if a rule can't cover all future times.
+        */
+        stringzone(envvar, zpfirst, zonecount);
+        if (noise && envvar[0] == '\0') {
+                register char * wp;
+
+wp = ecpyalloc(_("no POSIX environment variable for zone"));
+                wp = ecatalloc(wp, " ");
+                wp = ecatalloc(wp, zpfirst->z_name);
+                warning(wp);
+                ifree(wp);
+        }
+        if (envvar[0] == '\0') {
+                if (min_year >= INT_MIN + YEARSPERREPEAT)
+                        min_year -= YEARSPERREPEAT;
+                else    min_year = INT_MIN;
+                if (max_year <= INT_MAX - YEARSPERREPEAT)
+                        max_year += YEARSPERREPEAT;
+                else    max_year = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        /*
+        ** For the benefit of older systems,
+        ** generate data from 1900 through 2037.
+        */
+        if (min_year > 1900)
+                min_year = 1900;
+        if (max_year < 2037)
+                max_year = 2037;
+        for (i = 0; i < zonecount; ++i) {
+                /*
+                ** A guess that may well be corrected later.
+                */
+                stdoff = 0;
+                zp = &zpfirst[i];
+                usestart = i > 0 && (zp - 1)->z_untiltime > min_time;
+                useuntil = i < (zonecount - 1);
+                if (useuntil && zp->z_untiltime <= min_time)
+                        continue;
+                gmtoff = zp->z_gmtoff;
+                eat(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum);
+                *startbuf = '\0';
+                startoff = zp->z_gmtoff;
+#ifdef ICU
+                finalRuleYear = finalRuleIndex = -1;
+                finalRule1 = finalRule2 = NULL;
+                if (i == (zonecount - 1)) { /* !useuntil */
+                        /* Look for exactly 2 rules that end at 'max' and
+                         * note them. Determine max(r_loyear) for the 2 of
+                         * them. */
+                        for (j=0; j<zp->z_nrules; ++j) {
+                                rp = &zp->z_rules[j];
+                                if (rp->r_hiyear == INT_MAX) {
+                                        if (finalRule1 == NULL) {
+                                                finalRule1 = rp;
+                                                finalRuleYear = rp->r_loyear;
+                                } else if (finalRule2 == NULL) {
+                                                finalRule2 = rp;
+                                                if (rp->r_loyear > finalRuleYear) {
+                                                        finalRuleYear = rp->r_loyear;
+                                                }
+                                        } else {
+                                                error("more than two max rules found (ICU)");
+                                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (finalRule1 != NULL && finalRule2 == NULL) {
+                                error("only one max rule found (ICU)");
+                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                        if (finalRule1 != NULL) {
+                                if (finalRule1->r_stdoff == finalRule2->r_stdoff) {
+                                        /* America/Resolute in 2009a uses a pair of rules
+                                         * which does not change the offset.  ICU ignores
+                                         * such rules without actual time transitions. */
+                                        finalRuleYear = finalRuleIndex = -1;
+                                        finalRule1 = finalRule2 = NULL; 
+                                } else {
+                                        /* Swap if necessary so finalRule1 occurs before
+                                         * finalRule2 */
+                                        if (finalRule1->r_month > finalRule2->r_month) {
+                                                const struct rule* t = finalRule1;
+                                                finalRule1 = finalRule2;
+                                                finalRule2 = t;
+                                        }
+                                        /* Add final rule to our list */
+                                        finalRuleIndex = add_icu_final_rules(finalRule1, finalRule2);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
+
+                if (zp->z_nrules == 0) {
+                        stdoff = zp->z_stdoff;
+                        doabbr(startbuf, zp->z_format,
+                                (char *) NULL, stdoff != 0, FALSE);
+                        type = addtype(oadd(zp->z_gmtoff, stdoff),
+#ifdef ICU
+                                zp->z_gmtoff, stdoff,
+#endif
+                                startbuf, stdoff != 0, startttisstd,
+                                startttisgmt);
+                        if (usestart) {
+                                addtt(starttime, type);
+                                usestart = FALSE;
+                        } else if (stdoff != 0)
+                                addtt(min_time, type);
+                } else for (year = min_year; year <= max_year; ++year) {
+                        if (useuntil && year > zp->z_untilrule.r_hiyear)
+                                break;
+                        /*
+                        ** Mark which rules to do in the current year.
+                        ** For those to do, calculate rpytime(rp, year);
+                        */
+                        for (j = 0; j < zp->z_nrules; ++j) {
+                                rp = &zp->z_rules[j];
+                                eats(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum,
+                                        rp->r_filename, rp->r_linenum);
+                                rp->r_todo = year >= rp->r_loyear &&
+                                                year <= rp->r_hiyear &&
+                                                yearistype(year, rp->r_yrtype);
+                                if (rp->r_todo)
+                                        rp->r_temp = rpytime(rp, year);
+                        }
+                        for ( ; ; ) {
+                                register int    k;
+                                register zic_t  jtime, ktime;
+                                register long   offset;
+
+                                INITIALIZE(ktime);
+                                if (useuntil) {
+                                        /*
+                                        ** Turn untiltime into UTC
+                                        ** assuming the current gmtoff and
+                                        ** stdoff values.
+                                        */
+                                        untiltime = zp->z_untiltime;
+                                        if (!zp->z_untilrule.r_todisgmt)
+                                                untiltime = tadd(untiltime,
+                                                        -gmtoff);
+                                        if (!zp->z_untilrule.r_todisstd)
+                                                untiltime = tadd(untiltime,
+                                                        -stdoff);
+                                }
+                                /*
+                                ** Find the rule (of those to do, if any)
+                                ** that takes effect earliest in the year.
+                                */
+                                k = -1;
+                                for (j = 0; j < zp->z_nrules; ++j) {
+                                        rp = &zp->z_rules[j];
+                                        if (!rp->r_todo)
+                                                continue;
+                                        eats(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum,
+                                                rp->r_filename, rp->r_linenum);
+                                        offset = rp->r_todisgmt ? 0 : gmtoff;
+                                        if (!rp->r_todisstd)
+                                                offset = oadd(offset, stdoff);
+                                        jtime = rp->r_temp;
+                                        if (jtime == min_time ||
+                                                jtime == max_time)
+                                                        continue;
+                                        jtime = tadd(jtime, -offset);
+                                        if (k < 0 || jtime < ktime) {
+                                                k = j;
+                                                ktime = jtime;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                if (k < 0)
+                                        break;  /* go on to next year */
+                                rp = &zp->z_rules[k];
+                                rp->r_todo = FALSE;
+                                if (useuntil && ktime >= untiltime)
+                                        break;
+                                stdoff = rp->r_stdoff;
+                                if (usestart && ktime == starttime)
+                                        usestart = FALSE;
+                                if (usestart) {
+                                        if (ktime < starttime) {
+                                                startoff = oadd(zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                        stdoff);
+                                                doabbr(startbuf, zp->z_format,
+                                                        rp->r_abbrvar,
+                                                        rp->r_stdoff != 0,
+                                                        FALSE);
+                                                continue;
+                                        }
+                                        if (*startbuf == '\0' &&
+                                                startoff == oadd(zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                stdoff)) {
+                                                        doabbr(startbuf,
+                                                                zp->z_format,
+                                                                rp->r_abbrvar,
+                                                                rp->r_stdoff !=
+                                                                0,
+                                                                FALSE);
+                                        }
+                                }
+#ifdef ICU
+                                if (year >= finalRuleYear && rp == finalRule1) {
+                                        /* We want to shift final year 1 year after
+                                         * the actual final rule takes effect (year + 1),
+                                         * because the previous type is valid until the first
+                                         * transition defined by the final rule.  Otherwise
+                                         * we may see unexpected offset shift at the
+                                         * begining of the year when the final rule takes
+                                         * effect. */
+
+                                        /* ICU currently can support signed int32 transition
+                                         * times.  Thus, the transitions in year 2038 may be
+                                         * truncated.  At this moment (tzdata2008g), only
+                                         * Rule Brazil is impacted by this limitation, because
+                                         * the final set of rules are starting in 2038.  Although
+                                         * this code put the first couple of transitions populated
+                                         * by the final rules, they might be dropped off when
+                                         * collecting transition times by tz2icu. */
+                                        emit_icu_zone(icuFile,
+                                                        zpfirst->z_name, zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                        rp, finalRuleIndex, year + 1);
+                                        /* only emit this for the first year */
+                                        finalRule1 = NULL;
+                                }
+#endif
+                                eats(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum,
+                                        rp->r_filename, rp->r_linenum);
+                                doabbr(ab, zp->z_format, rp->r_abbrvar,
+                                        rp->r_stdoff != 0, FALSE);
+                                offset = oadd(zp->z_gmtoff, rp->r_stdoff);
+#ifdef ICU
+                                type = addtype(offset, zp->z_gmtoff, rp->r_stdoff,
+                                        ab, rp->r_stdoff != 0,
+                                        rp->r_todisstd, rp->r_todisgmt);
+#else
+                                type = addtype(offset, ab, rp->r_stdoff != 0,
+                                        rp->r_todisstd, rp->r_todisgmt);
+#endif
+                                addtt(ktime, type);
+                        }
+                }
+                if (usestart) {
+                        if (*startbuf == '\0' &&
+                                zp->z_format != NULL &&
+                                strchr(zp->z_format, '%') == NULL &&
+                                strchr(zp->z_format, '/') == NULL)
+                                        (void) strcpy(startbuf, zp->z_format);
+                        eat(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum);
+                        if (*startbuf == '\0')
+error(_("can't determine time zone abbreviation to use just after until time"));
+                        else    addtt(starttime,
+#ifdef ICU
+                                        addtype(startoff,
+                                                zp->z_gmtoff, startoff - zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                startbuf,
+                                                startoff != zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                startttisstd,
+                                                startttisgmt));
+#else
+                                        addtype(startoff, startbuf,
+                                                startoff != zp->z_gmtoff,
+                                                startttisstd,
+                                                startttisgmt));
+#endif
+                }
+                /*
+                ** Now we may get to set starttime for the next zone line.
+                */
+                if (useuntil) {
+                        startttisstd = zp->z_untilrule.r_todisstd;
+                        startttisgmt = zp->z_untilrule.r_todisgmt;
+                        starttime = zp->z_untiltime;
+                        if (!startttisstd)
+                                starttime = tadd(starttime, -stdoff);
+                        if (!startttisgmt)
+                                starttime = tadd(starttime, -gmtoff);
+                }
+        }
+        writezone(zpfirst->z_name, envvar);
+        ifree(startbuf);
+        ifree(ab);
+        ifree(envvar);
+}
+
+static void
+addtt(starttime, type)
+const zic_t     starttime;
+int             type;
+{
+        if (starttime <= min_time ||
+                (timecnt == 1 && attypes[0].at < min_time)) {
+                gmtoffs[0] = gmtoffs[type];
+#ifdef ICU
+                rawoffs[0] = rawoffs[type];
+                dstoffs[0] = dstoffs[type];
+#endif
+                isdsts[0] = isdsts[type];
+                ttisstds[0] = ttisstds[type];
+                ttisgmts[0] = ttisgmts[type];
+                if (abbrinds[type] != 0)
+                        (void) strcpy(chars, &chars[abbrinds[type]]);
+                abbrinds[0] = 0;
+                charcnt = strlen(chars) + 1;
+                typecnt = 1;
+                timecnt = 0;
+                type = 0;
+        }
+        if (timecnt >= TZ_MAX_TIMES) {
+                error(_("too many transitions?!"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        attypes[timecnt].at = starttime;
+        attypes[timecnt].type = type;
+        ++timecnt;
+}
+
+static int
+#ifdef ICU
+addtype(gmtoff, rawoff, dstoff, abbr, isdst, ttisstd, ttisgmt)
+const long              gmtoff;
+const long              rawoff;
+const long              dstoff;
+#else
+addtype(gmtoff, abbr, isdst, ttisstd, ttisgmt)
+const long              gmtoff;
+#endif
+const char * const      abbr;
+const int               isdst;
+const int               ttisstd;
+const int               ttisgmt;
+{
+        register int    i, j;
+
+        if (isdst != TRUE && isdst != FALSE) {
+                error(_("internal error - addtype called with bad isdst"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (ttisstd != TRUE && ttisstd != FALSE) {
+                error(_("internal error - addtype called with bad ttisstd"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (ttisgmt != TRUE && ttisgmt != FALSE) {
+                error(_("internal error - addtype called with bad ttisgmt"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+#ifdef ICU
+        if (isdst != (dstoff != 0)) {
+                error(_("internal error - addtype called with bad isdst/dstoff"));
+                (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (gmtoff != (rawoff + dstoff)) {
+                error(_("internal error - addtype called with bad gmt/raw/dstoff"));
+                (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+#endif
+        /*
+        ** See if there's already an entry for this zone type.
+        ** If so, just return its index.
+        */
+        for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i) {
+                if (gmtoff == gmtoffs[i] && isdst == isdsts[i] &&
+#ifdef ICU
+                        rawoff == rawoffs[i] && dstoff == dstoffs[i] &&
+#endif
+                        strcmp(abbr, &chars[abbrinds[i]]) == 0 &&
+                        ttisstd == ttisstds[i] &&
+                        ttisgmt == ttisgmts[i])
+                                return i;
+        }
+        /*
+        ** There isn't one; add a new one, unless there are already too
+        ** many.
+        */
+        if (typecnt >= TZ_MAX_TYPES) {
+                error(_("too many local time types"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        if (! (-1L - 2147483647L <= gmtoff && gmtoff <= 2147483647L)) {
+                error(_("UTC offset out of range"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        gmtoffs[i] = gmtoff;
+#ifdef ICU
+        rawoffs[i] = rawoff;
+        dstoffs[i] = dstoff;
+#endif
+        isdsts[i] = isdst;
+        ttisstds[i] = ttisstd;
+        ttisgmts[i] = ttisgmt;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < charcnt; ++j)
+                if (strcmp(&chars[j], abbr) == 0)
+                        break;
+        if (j == charcnt)
+                newabbr(abbr);
+        abbrinds[i] = j;
+        ++typecnt;
+        return i;
+}
+
+static void
+leapadd(t, positive, rolling, count)
+const zic_t     t;
+const int       positive;
+const int       rolling;
+int             count;
+{
+        register int    i, j;
+
+        if (leapcnt + (positive ? count : 1) > TZ_MAX_LEAPS) {
+                error(_("too many leap seconds"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < leapcnt; ++i)
+                if (t <= trans[i]) {
+                        if (t == trans[i]) {
+                                error(_("repeated leap second moment"));
+                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+        do {
+                for (j = leapcnt; j > i; --j) {
+                        trans[j] = trans[j - 1];
+                        corr[j] = corr[j - 1];
+                        roll[j] = roll[j - 1];
+                }
+                trans[i] = t;
+                corr[i] = positive ? 1L : eitol(-count);
+                roll[i] = rolling;
+                ++leapcnt;
+        } while (positive && --count != 0);
+}
+
+static void
+adjleap(void)
+{
+        register int    i;
+        register long   last = 0;
+
+        /*
+        ** propagate leap seconds forward
+        */
+        for (i = 0; i < leapcnt; ++i) {
+                trans[i] = tadd(trans[i], last);
+                last = corr[i] += last;
+        }
+}
+
+static int
+yearistype(year, type)
+const int               year;
+const char * const      type;
+{
+        static char *   buf;
+        int             result;
+
+        if (type == NULL || *type == '\0')
+                return TRUE;
+        buf = erealloc(buf, (int) (132 + strlen(yitcommand) + strlen(type)));
+        (void) sprintf(buf, "%s %d %s", yitcommand, year, type);
+        result = system(buf);
+        if (WIFEXITED(result)) switch (WEXITSTATUS(result)) {
+                case 0:
+                        return TRUE;
+                case 1:
+                        return FALSE;
+        }
+        error(_("Wild result from command execution"));
+        (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: command was '%s', result was %d\n"),
+                progname, buf, result);
+        for ( ; ; )
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static int
+lowerit(a)
+int     a;
+{
+        a = (unsigned char) a;
+        return (isascii(a) && isupper(a)) ? tolower(a) : a;
+}
+
+static int
+ciequal(ap, bp)         /* case-insensitive equality */
+register const char *   ap;
+register const char *   bp;
+{
+        while (lowerit(*ap) == lowerit(*bp++))
+                if (*ap++ == '\0')
+                        return TRUE;
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+itsabbr(abbr, word)
+register const char *   abbr;
+register const char *   word;
+{
+        if (lowerit(*abbr) != lowerit(*word))
+                return FALSE;
+        ++word;
+        while (*++abbr != '\0')
+                do {
+                        if (*word == '\0')
+                                return FALSE;
+                } while (lowerit(*word++) != lowerit(*abbr));
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+static const struct lookup *
+byword(word, table)
+register const char * const             word;
+register const struct lookup * const    table;
+{
+        register const struct lookup *  foundlp;
+        register const struct lookup *  lp;
+
+        if (word == NULL || table == NULL)
+                return NULL;
+        /*
+        ** Look for exact match.
+        */
+        for (lp = table; lp->l_word != NULL; ++lp)
+                if (ciequal(word, lp->l_word))
+                        return lp;
+        /*
+        ** Look for inexact match.
+        */
+        foundlp = NULL;
+        for (lp = table; lp->l_word != NULL; ++lp)
+                if (itsabbr(word, lp->l_word)) {
+                        if (foundlp == NULL)
+                                foundlp = lp;
+                        else    return NULL;    /* multiple inexact matches */
+                }
+        return foundlp;
+}
+
+static char **
+getfields(cp)
+register char * cp;
+{
+        register char *         dp;
+        register char **        array;
+        register int            nsubs;
+
+        if (cp == NULL)
+                return NULL;
+        array = (char **) (void *)
+                emalloc((int) ((strlen(cp) + 1) * sizeof *array));
+        nsubs = 0;
+        for ( ; ; ) {
+                while (isascii((unsigned char) *cp) &&
+                        isspace((unsigned char) *cp))
+                                ++cp;
+                if (*cp == '\0' || *cp == '#')
+                        break;
+                array[nsubs++] = dp = cp;
+                do {
+                        if ((*dp = *cp++) != '"')
+                                ++dp;
+                        else while ((*dp = *cp++) != '"')
+                                if (*dp != '\0')
+                                        ++dp;
+                                else {
+                                        error(_(
+                                                "Odd number of quotation marks"
+                                                ));
+                                        exit(1);
+                                }
+                } while (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#' &&
+                        (!isascii(*cp) || !isspace((unsigned char) *cp)));
+                if (isascii(*cp) && isspace((unsigned char) *cp))
+                        ++cp;
+                *dp = '\0';
+        }
+        array[nsubs] = NULL;
+        return array;
+}
+
+static long
+oadd(t1, t2)
+const long      t1;
+const long      t2;
+{
+        register long   t;
+
+        t = t1 + t2;
+        if ((t2 > 0 && t <= t1) || (t2 < 0 && t >= t1)) {
+                error(_("time overflow"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return t;
+}
+
+static zic_t
+tadd(t1, t2)
+const zic_t     t1;
+const long      t2;
+{
+        register zic_t  t;
+
+        if (t1 == max_time && t2 > 0)
+                return max_time;
+        if (t1 == min_time && t2 < 0)
+                return min_time;
+        t = t1 + t2;
+        if ((t2 > 0 && t <= t1) || (t2 < 0 && t >= t1)) {
+                error(_("time overflow"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return t;
+}
+
+/*
+** Given a rule, and a year, compute the date - in seconds since January 1,
+** 1970, 00:00 LOCAL time - in that year that the rule refers to.
+*/
+
+static zic_t
+rpytime(rp, wantedy)
+register const struct rule * const      rp;
+register const int                      wantedy;
+{
+        register int    y, m, i;
+        register long   dayoff;                 /* with a nod to Margaret O. */
+        register zic_t  t;
+
+        if (wantedy == INT_MIN)
+                return min_time;
+        if (wantedy == INT_MAX)
+                return max_time;
+        dayoff = 0;
+        m = TM_JANUARY;
+        y = EPOCH_YEAR;
+        while (wantedy != y) {
+                if (wantedy > y) {
+                        i = len_years[isleap(y)];
+                        ++y;
+                } else {
+                        --y;
+                        i = -len_years[isleap(y)];
+                }
+                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+        }
+        while (m != rp->r_month) {
+                i = len_months[isleap(y)][m];
+                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+                ++m;
+        }
+        i = rp->r_dayofmonth;
+        if (m == TM_FEBRUARY && i == 29 && !isleap(y)) {
+                if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWLEQ)
+                        --i;
+                else {
+                        error(_("use of 2/29 in non leap-year"));
+                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+        --i;
+        dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+        if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ || rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWLEQ) {
+                register long   wday;
+
+#define LDAYSPERWEEK    ((long) DAYSPERWEEK)
+                wday = eitol(EPOCH_WDAY);
+                /*
+                ** Don't trust mod of negative numbers.
+                */
+                if (dayoff >= 0)
+                        wday = (wday + dayoff) % LDAYSPERWEEK;
+                else {
+                        wday -= ((-dayoff) % LDAYSPERWEEK);
+                        if (wday < 0)
+                                wday += LDAYSPERWEEK;
+                }
+                while (wday != eitol(rp->r_wday))
+                        if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ) {
+                                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, (long) 1);
+                                if (++wday >= LDAYSPERWEEK)
+                                        wday = 0;
+                                ++i;
+                        } else {
+                                dayoff = oadd(dayoff, (long) -1);
+                                if (--wday < 0)
+                                        wday = LDAYSPERWEEK - 1;
+                                --i;
+                        }
+                if (i < 0 || i >= len_months[isleap(y)][m]) {
+                        if (noise)
+                                warning(_("rule goes past start/end of month--\
+will not work with pre-2004 versions of zic"));
+                }
+        }
+        if (dayoff < min_time / SECSPERDAY)
+                return min_time;
+        if (dayoff > max_time / SECSPERDAY)
+                return max_time;
+        t = (zic_t) dayoff * SECSPERDAY;
+        return tadd(t, rp->r_tod);
+}
+
+static void
+newabbr(string)
+const char * const      string;
+{
+        register int    i;
+
+        if (strcmp(string, GRANDPARENTED) != 0) {
+                register const char *   cp;
+                register char *         wp;
+
+                /*
+                ** Want one to ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN alphabetics
+                ** optionally followed by a + or - and a number from 1 to 14.
+                */
+                cp = string;
+                wp = NULL;
+                while (isascii((unsigned char) *cp) &&
+                        isalpha((unsigned char) *cp))
+                                ++cp;
+                if (cp - string == 0)
+wp = _("time zone abbreviation lacks alphabetic at start");
+                if (noise && cp - string > 3)
+wp = _("time zone abbreviation has more than 3 alphabetics");
+                if (cp - string > ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN)
+wp = _("time zone abbreviation has too many alphabetics");
+                if (wp == NULL && (*cp == '+' || *cp == '-')) {
+                        ++cp;
+                        if (isascii((unsigned char) *cp) &&
+                                isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
+                                        if (*cp++ == '1' &&
+                                                *cp >= '0' && *cp <= '4')
+                                                        ++cp;
+                }
+                if (*cp != '\0')
+wp = _("time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard");
+                if (wp != NULL) {
+                        wp = ecpyalloc(wp);
+                        wp = ecatalloc(wp, " (");
+                        wp = ecatalloc(wp, string);
+                        wp = ecatalloc(wp, ")");
+                        warning(wp);
+                        ifree(wp);
+                }
+        }
+        i = strlen(string) + 1;
+        if (charcnt + i > TZ_MAX_CHARS) {
+                error(_("too many, or too long, time zone abbreviations"));
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        (void) strcpy(&chars[charcnt], string);
+        charcnt += eitol(i);
+}
+
+static int
+mkdirs(argname)
+char *          argname;
+{
+        register char * name;
+        register char * cp;
+
+        if (argname == NULL || *argname == '\0')
+                return 0;
+        cp = name = ecpyalloc(argname);
+        while ((cp = strchr(cp + 1, '/')) != 0) {
+                *cp = '\0';
+#ifndef unix
+                /*
+                ** DOS drive specifier?
+                */
+                if (isalpha((unsigned char) name[0]) &&
+                        name[1] == ':' && name[2] == '\0') {
+                                *cp = '/';
+                                continue;
+                }
+#endif /* !defined unix */
+                if (!itsdir(name)) {
+                        /*
+                        ** It doesn't seem to exist, so we try to create it.
+                        ** Creation may fail because of the directory being
+                        ** created by some other multiprocessor, so we get
+                        ** to do extra checking.
+                        */
+                        if (mkdir(name, MKDIR_UMASK) != 0) {
+                                const char *e = strerror(errno);
+
+                                if (errno != EEXIST || !itsdir(name)) {
+                                        (void) fprintf(stderr,
+_("%s: Can't create directory %s: %s\n"),
+                                                progname, name, e);
+                                        ifree(name);
+                                        return -1;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+                *cp = '/';
+        }
+        ifree(name);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static long
+eitol(i)
+const int       i;
+{
+        long    l;
+
+        l = i;
+        if ((i < 0 && l >= 0) || (i == 0 && l != 0) || (i > 0 && l <= 0)) {
+                (void) fprintf(stderr,
+                        _("%s: %d did not sign extend correctly\n"),
+                        progname, i);
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return l;
+}
+
+/*
+** UNIX was a registered trademark of The Open Group in 2003.
+*/