Add TaskMemory, which can read another Mach task’s memory, and its test

util/mach/task_memory_test.cc

+// Copyright 2014 The Crashpad Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "util/mach/task_memory.h"
+
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "base/mac/scoped_mach_vm.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "util/test/mac/mach_errors.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace crashpad;
+using namespace crashpad::test;
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadSelf) {
+  vm_address_t address = 0;
+  const vm_size_t kSize = 4 * PAGE_SIZE;
+  kern_return_t kr =
+      vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), &address, kSize, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_allocate");
+  base::mac::ScopedMachVM vm_owner(address, mach_vm_round_page(kSize));
+
+  char* region = reinterpret_cast<char*>(address);
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < kSize; ++index) {
+    region[index] = (index % 256) ^ ((index >> 8) % 256);
+  }
+
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result(kSize, '\0');
+
+  // Ensure that the entire region can be read.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address, kSize, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(region, &result[0], kSize));
+
+  // Ensure that a read of length 0 succeeds and doesn’t touch the result.
+  result.assign(kSize, '\0');
+  std::string zeroes = result;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address, 0, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(zeroes, result);
+
+  // Ensure that a read starting at an unaligned address works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + 1, kSize - 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(region + 1, &result[0], kSize - 1));
+
+  // Ensure that a read ending at an unaligned address works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address, kSize - 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(region, &result[0], kSize - 1));
+
+  // Ensure that a read starting and ending at unaligned addresses works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + 1, kSize - 2, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(region + 1, &result[0], kSize - 2));
+
+  // Ensure that a read of exactly one page works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(region + PAGE_SIZE, &result[0], PAGE_SIZE));
+
+  // Ensure that a read of a single byte works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + 2, 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(region[2], result[0]);
+
+  // Ensure that a read of length zero works and doesn’t touch the data.
+  result[0] = 'M';
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + 3, 0, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ('M', result[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadSelfUnmapped) {
+  vm_address_t address = 0;
+  const vm_size_t kSize = 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
+  kern_return_t kr =
+      vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), &address, kSize, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_allocate");
+  base::mac::ScopedMachVM vm_owner(address, mach_vm_round_page(kSize));
+
+  char* region = reinterpret_cast<char*>(address);
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < kSize; ++index) {
+    // Don’t include any NUL bytes, because ReadCString stops when it encounters
+    // a NUL.
+    region[index] = (index % 255) + 1;
+  }
+
+  kr = vm_protect(
+      mach_task_self(), address + PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, FALSE, VM_PROT_NONE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_protect");
+
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result(kSize, '\0');
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address, kSize, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + 1, kSize - 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE, 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 2, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(memory.Read(address, PAGE_SIZE, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 1, &result[0]));
+
+  // Repeat the test with an unmapped page instead of an unreadable one. This
+  // portion of the test may be flaky in the presence of other threads, if
+  // another thread maps something in the region that is deallocated here.
+  kr = vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), address + PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_deallocate");
+  vm_owner.reset(address, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address, kSize, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + 1, kSize - 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE, 1, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 2, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(memory.Read(address, PAGE_SIZE, &result[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(memory.Read(address + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 1, &result[0]));
+}
+
+// This function consolidates the cast from a char* to mach_vm_address_t in one
+// location when reading from the current task.
+bool ReadCStringSelf(TaskMemory* memory,
+                     const char* pointer,
+                     std::string* result) {
+  return memory->ReadCString(reinterpret_cast<mach_vm_address_t>(pointer),
+                             result);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSelf) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  const char kConstCharEmpty[] = "";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, kConstCharEmpty, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  const char kConstCharShort[] = "A short const char[]";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, kConstCharShort, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharShort, result);
+
+  static const char kStaticConstCharEmpty[] = "";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, kStaticConstCharEmpty, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  static const char kStaticConstCharShort[] = "A short static const char[]";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, kStaticConstCharShort, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharShort, result);
+
+  std::string string_short("A short std::string in a function");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, &string_short[0], &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_short, result);
+
+  std::string string_long;
+  const size_t kStringLongSize = 4 * PAGE_SIZE;
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < kStringLongSize; ++index) {
+    // Don’t include any NUL bytes, because ReadCString stops when it encounters
+    // a NUL.
+    string_long.append(1, (index % 255) + 1);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(kStringLongSize, string_long.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSelf(&memory, &string_long[0], &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStringLongSize, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_long, result);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSelfUnmapped) {
+  vm_address_t address = 0;
+  const vm_size_t kSize = 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
+  kern_return_t kr =
+      vm_allocate(mach_task_self(), &address, kSize, VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_allocate");
+  base::mac::ScopedMachVM vm_owner(address, mach_vm_round_page(kSize));
+
+  char* region = reinterpret_cast<char*>(address);
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < kSize; ++index) {
+    // Don’t include any NUL bytes, because ReadCString stops when it encounters
+    // a NUL.
+    region[index] = (index % 255) + 1;
+  }
+
+  kr = vm_protect(
+      mach_task_self(), address + PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, FALSE, VM_PROT_NONE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_protect");
+
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.ReadCString(address, &result));
+
+  // Make sure that if the string is NUL-terminated within the mapped memory
+  // region, it can be read properly.
+  char terminator_or_not = '\0';
+  std::swap(region[PAGE_SIZE - 1], terminator_or_not);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadCString(address, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PAGE_SIZE - 1u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(region, result);
+
+  // Repeat the test with an unmapped page instead of an unreadable one. This
+  // portion of the test may be flaky in the presence of other threads, if
+  // another thread maps something in the region that is deallocated here.
+  std::swap(region[PAGE_SIZE - 1], terminator_or_not);
+  kr = vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), address + PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(KERN_SUCCESS, kr) << MachErrorMessage(kr, "vm_deallocate");
+  vm_owner.reset(address, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(memory.ReadCString(address, &result));
+
+  // Clear the result before testing that the string can be read. This makes
+  // sure that the result is actually filled in, because it already contains the
+  // expected value from the tests above.
+  result.clear();
+  std::swap(region[PAGE_SIZE - 1], terminator_or_not);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadCString(address, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PAGE_SIZE - 1u, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(region, result);
+}
+
+// This function consolidates the cast from a char* to mach_vm_address_t in one
+// location when reading from the current task.
+bool ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(TaskMemory* memory,
+                                const char* pointer,
+                                size_t size,
+                                std::string* result) {
+  return memory->ReadCStringSizeLimited(
+      reinterpret_cast<mach_vm_address_t>(pointer), size, result);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_ConstCharEmpty) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  const char kConstCharEmpty[] = "";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, kConstCharEmpty, arraysize(kConstCharEmpty), &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, kConstCharEmpty, arraysize(kConstCharEmpty) + 1, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory, kConstCharEmpty, 0, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharEmpty, result);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_ConstCharShort) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  const char kConstCharShort[] = "A short const char[]";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, kConstCharShort, arraysize(kConstCharShort), &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharShort, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, kConstCharShort, arraysize(kConstCharShort) + 1, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kConstCharShort, result);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, kConstCharShort, arraysize(kConstCharShort) - 1, &result));
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_StaticConstCharEmpty) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  static const char kStaticConstCharEmpty[] = "";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory,
+                                         kStaticConstCharEmpty,
+                                         arraysize(kStaticConstCharEmpty),
+                                         &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory,
+                                         kStaticConstCharEmpty,
+                                         arraysize(kStaticConstCharEmpty) + 1,
+                                         &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharEmpty, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory, kStaticConstCharEmpty, 0, &result));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharEmpty, result);
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_StaticConstCharShort) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  static const char kStaticConstCharShort[] = "A short static const char[]";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory,
+                                         kStaticConstCharShort,
+                                         arraysize(kStaticConstCharShort),
+                                         &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharShort, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory,
+                                         kStaticConstCharShort,
+                                         arraysize(kStaticConstCharShort) + 1,
+                                         &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStaticConstCharShort, result);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(&memory,
+                                          kStaticConstCharShort,
+                                          arraysize(kStaticConstCharShort) - 1,
+                                          &result));
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_StringShort) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  std::string string_short("A short std::string in a function");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_short[0], string_short.size() + 1, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_short, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_short[0], string_short.size() + 2, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_short, result);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_short[0], string_short.size(), &result));
+}
+
+TEST(TaskMemory, ReadCStringSizeLimited_StringLong) {
+  TaskMemory memory(mach_task_self());
+  std::string result;
+
+  std::string string_long;
+  const size_t kStringLongSize = 4 * PAGE_SIZE;
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < kStringLongSize; ++index) {
+    // Don’t include any NUL bytes, because ReadCString stops when it encounters
+    // a NUL.
+    string_long.append(1, (index % 255) + 1);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(kStringLongSize, string_long.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_long[0], string_long.size() + 1, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStringLongSize, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_long, result);
+
+  result.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_long[0], string_long.size() + 2, &result));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kStringLongSize, result.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(string_long, result);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ReadCStringSizeLimitedSelf(
+      &memory, &string_long[0], string_long.size(), &result));
+}
+
+}  // namespace