Adding cython v0.20.2 in third-party.

third_party/cython/src/Cython/Compiler/Code.py

+# cython: language_level = 2
+#
+#   Code output module
+#
+
+import cython
+cython.declare(os=object, re=object, operator=object,
+               Naming=object, Options=object, StringEncoding=object,
+               Utils=object, SourceDescriptor=object, StringIOTree=object,
+               DebugFlags=object, basestring=object)
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from string import Template
+import operator
+import textwrap
+
+try:
+    import hashlib
+except ImportError:
+    import md5 as hashlib
+
+import Naming
+import Options
+import StringEncoding
+from Cython import Utils
+from Scanning import SourceDescriptor
+from Cython.StringIOTree import StringIOTree
+import DebugFlags
+
+try:
+    from __builtin__ import basestring
+except ImportError:
+    from builtins import str as basestring
+
+KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES = sys.version_info < (2,7)
+
+
+non_portable_builtins_map = {
+    # builtins that have different names in different Python versions
+    'bytes'         : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3',  'str'),
+    'unicode'       : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'str'),
+    'basestring'    : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'str'),
+    'xrange'        : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'range'),
+    'raw_input'     : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'input'),
+    'BaseException' : ('PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000', 'Exception'),
+    }
+
+basicsize_builtins_map = {
+    # builtins whose type has a different tp_basicsize than sizeof(...)
+    'PyTypeObject' : 'PyHeapTypeObject',
+    }
+
+uncachable_builtins = [
+    # builtin names that cannot be cached because they may or may not
+    # be available at import time
+    'WindowsError',
+    ]
+
+modifier_output_mapper = {
+    'inline': 'CYTHON_INLINE'
+}.get
+
+is_self_assignment = re.compile(r" *(\w+) = (\1);\s*$").match
+
+
+def get_utility_dir():
+    # make this a function and not global variables:
+    # http://trac.cython.org/cython_trac/ticket/475
+    Cython_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    return os.path.join(Cython_dir, "Utility")
+
+
+class UtilityCodeBase(object):
+    """
+    Support for loading utility code from a file.
+
+    Code sections in the file can be specified as follows:
+
+        ##### MyUtility.proto #####
+
+        [proto declarations]
+
+        ##### MyUtility.init #####
+
+        [code run at module initialization]
+
+        ##### MyUtility #####
+        #@requires: MyOtherUtility
+        #@substitute: naming
+
+        [definitions]
+
+    for prototypes and implementation respectively.  For non-python or
+    -cython files backslashes should be used instead.  5 to 30 comment
+    characters may be used on either side.
+
+    If the @cname decorator is not used and this is a CythonUtilityCode,
+    one should pass in the 'name' keyword argument to be used for name
+    mangling of such entries.
+    """
+
+    is_cython_utility = False
+    requires = None
+    _utility_cache = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _add_utility(cls, utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags=None):
+        if utility is None:
+            return
+
+        code = '\n'.join(lines)
+        if tags and 'substitute' in tags and tags['substitute'] == set(['naming']):
+            del tags['substitute']
+            try:
+                code = Template(code).substitute(vars(Naming))
+            except (KeyError, ValueError), e:
+                raise RuntimeError("Error parsing templated utility code of type '%s' at line %d: %s" % (
+                    type, begin_lineno, e))
+
+        # remember correct line numbers at least until after templating
+        code = '\n' * begin_lineno + code
+
+        if type == 'proto':
+            utility[0] = code
+        elif type == 'impl':
+            utility[1] = code
+        else:
+            all_tags = utility[2]
+            if KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES:
+                type = type.encode('ASCII')
+            all_tags[type] = code
+
+        if tags:
+            all_tags = utility[2]
+            for name, values in tags.items():
+                if KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES:
+                    name = name.encode('ASCII')
+                all_tags.setdefault(name, set()).update(values)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_utilities_from_file(cls, path):
+        utilities = cls._utility_cache.get(path)
+        if utilities:
+            return utilities
+
+        filename = os.path.join(get_utility_dir(), path)
+        _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+        if ext in ('.pyx', '.py', '.pxd', '.pxi'):
+            comment = '#'
+            replace_comments = re.compile(r'^\s*#.*').sub
+        else:
+            comment = '/'
+            replace_comments = re.compile(r'^\s*//.*|^\s*/\*[^*]*\*/').sub
+        match_special = re.compile(
+            (r'^%(C)s{5,30}\s*(?P<name>(?:\w|\.)+)\s*%(C)s{5,30}|'
+             r'^%(C)s+@(?P<tag>\w+)\s*:\s*(?P<value>(?:\w|[.:])+)'
+                ) % {'C':comment}).match
+        match_type = re.compile('(.+)[.](proto|impl|init|cleanup)$').match
+
+        f = Utils.open_source_file(filename, encoding='UTF-8')
+        try:
+            all_lines = f.readlines()
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+
+        utilities = {}
+        lines = []
+        tags = {}
+        utility = type = None
+        begin_lineno = 0
+
+        for lineno, line in enumerate(all_lines):
+            m = match_special(line)
+            if m:
+                if m.group('name'):
+                    cls._add_utility(utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags)
+
+                    begin_lineno = lineno + 1
+                    del lines[:]
+                    tags.clear()
+
+                    name = m.group('name')
+                    mtype = match_type(name)
+                    if mtype:
+                        name, type = mtype.groups()
+                    else:
+                        type = 'impl'
+                    utility = utilities.setdefault(name, [None, None, {}])
+                else:
+                    tags.setdefault(m.group('tag'), set()).add(m.group('value'))
+                    lines.append('') # keep line number correct
+            else:
+                lines.append(replace_comments('', line).rstrip())
+
+        if utility is None:
+            raise ValueError("Empty utility code file")
+
+        # Don't forget to add the last utility code
+        cls._add_utility(utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags)
+
+        cls._utility_cache[path] = utilities
+        return utilities
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, util_code_name, from_file=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Load utility code from a file specified by from_file (relative to
+        Cython/Utility) and name util_code_name.  If from_file is not given,
+        load it from the file util_code_name.*.  There should be only one
+        file matched by this pattern.
+        """
+        if '::' in util_code_name:
+            from_file, util_code_name = util_code_name.rsplit('::', 1)
+        if not from_file:
+            utility_dir = get_utility_dir()
+            prefix = util_code_name + '.'
+            try:
+                listing = os.listdir(utility_dir)
+            except OSError:
+                # XXX the code below assumes as 'zipimport.zipimporter' instance
+                # XXX should be easy to generalize, but too lazy right now to write it
+                import zipfile
+                global __loader__
+                loader = __loader__
+                archive = loader.archive
+                fileobj = zipfile.ZipFile(archive)
+                listing = [ os.path.basename(name)
+                            for name in fileobj.namelist()
+                            if os.path.join(archive, name).startswith(utility_dir)]
+                fileobj.close()
+            files = [ os.path.join(utility_dir, filename)
+                      for filename in listing
+                      if filename.startswith(prefix) ]
+            if not files:
+                raise ValueError("No match found for utility code " + util_code_name)
+            if len(files) > 1:
+                raise ValueError("More than one filename match found for utility code " + util_code_name)
+            from_file = files[0]
+
+        utilities = cls.load_utilities_from_file(from_file)
+        proto, impl, tags = utilities[util_code_name]
+
+        if tags:
+            orig_kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+            for name, values in tags.items():
+                if name in kwargs:
+                    continue
+                # only pass lists when we have to: most argument expect one value or None
+                if name == 'requires':
+                    if orig_kwargs:
+                        values = [cls.load(dep, from_file, **orig_kwargs)
+                                  for dep in sorted(values)]
+                    else:
+                        # dependencies are rarely unique, so use load_cached() when we can
+                        values = [cls.load_cached(dep, from_file)
+                                  for dep in sorted(values)]
+                elif not values:
+                    values = None
+                elif len(values) == 1:
+                    values = values[0]
+                kwargs[name] = values
+
+        if proto is not None:
+            kwargs['proto'] = proto
+        if impl is not None:
+            kwargs['impl'] = impl
+
+        if 'name' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs['name'] = util_code_name
+
+        if 'file' not in kwargs and from_file:
+            kwargs['file'] = from_file
+        return cls(**kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_cached(cls, utility_code_name, from_file=None, __cache={}):
+        """
+        Calls .load(), but using a per-type cache based on utility name and file name.
+        """
+        key = (cls, from_file, utility_code_name)
+        try:
+            return __cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        code = __cache[key] = cls.load(utility_code_name, from_file)
+        return code
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_as_string(cls, util_code_name, from_file=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Load a utility code as a string. Returns (proto, implementation)
+        """
+        util = cls.load(util_code_name, from_file, **kwargs)
+        proto, impl = util.proto, util.impl
+        return util.format_code(proto), util.format_code(impl)
+
+    def format_code(self, code_string, replace_empty_lines=re.compile(r'\n\n+').sub):
+        """
+        Format a code section for output.
+        """
+        if code_string:
+            code_string = replace_empty_lines('\n', code_string.strip()) + '\n\n'
+        return code_string
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "<%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.name)
+
+    def get_tree(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class UtilityCode(UtilityCodeBase):
+    """
+    Stores utility code to add during code generation.
+
+    See GlobalState.put_utility_code.
+
+    hashes/equals by instance
+
+    proto           C prototypes
+    impl            implemenation code
+    init            code to call on module initialization
+    requires        utility code dependencies
+    proto_block     the place in the resulting file where the prototype should
+                    end up
+    name            name of the utility code (or None)
+    file            filename of the utility code file this utility was loaded
+                    from (or None)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, proto=None, impl=None, init=None, cleanup=None, requires=None,
+                 proto_block='utility_code_proto', name=None, file=None):
+        # proto_block: Which code block to dump prototype in. See GlobalState.
+        self.proto = proto
+        self.impl = impl
+        self.init = init
+        self.cleanup = cleanup
+        self.requires = requires
+        self._cache = {}
+        self.specialize_list = []
+        self.proto_block = proto_block
+        self.name = name
+        self.file = file
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.proto, self.impl))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            return False
+
+        self_proto = getattr(self, 'proto', None)
+        other_proto = getattr(other, 'proto', None)
+        return (self_proto, self.impl) == (other_proto, other.impl)
+
+    def none_or_sub(self, s, context):
+        """
+        Format a string in this utility code with context. If None, do nothing.
+        """
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        return s % context
+
+    def specialize(self, pyrex_type=None, **data):
+        # Dicts aren't hashable...
+        if pyrex_type is not None:
+            data['type'] = pyrex_type.declaration_code('')
+            data['type_name'] = pyrex_type.specialization_name()
+        key = tuple(sorted(data.items()))
+        try:
+            return self._cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if self.requires is None:
+                requires = None
+            else:
+                requires = [r.specialize(data) for r in self.requires]
+
+            s = self._cache[key] = UtilityCode(
+                    self.none_or_sub(self.proto, data),
+                    self.none_or_sub(self.impl, data),
+                    self.none_or_sub(self.init, data),
+                    self.none_or_sub(self.cleanup, data),
+                    requires,
+                    self.proto_block)
+
+            self.specialize_list.append(s)
+            return s
+
+    def inject_string_constants(self, impl, output):
+        """Replace 'PYIDENT("xyz")' by a constant Python identifier cname.
+        """
+        replacements = {}
+        def externalise(matchobj):
+            name = matchobj.group(1)
+            try:
+                cname = replacements[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                cname = replacements[name] = output.get_interned_identifier(
+                    StringEncoding.EncodedString(name)).cname
+            return cname
+
+        impl = re.sub('PYIDENT\("([^"]+)"\)', externalise, impl)
+        return bool(replacements), impl
+
+    def put_code(self, output):
+        if self.requires:
+            for dependency in self.requires:
+                output.use_utility_code(dependency)
+        if self.proto:
+            output[self.proto_block].put_or_include(
+                self.format_code(self.proto),
+                '%s_proto' % self.name)
+        if self.impl:
+            impl = self.format_code(self.impl)
+            is_specialised, impl = self.inject_string_constants(impl, output)
+            if not is_specialised:
+                # no module specific adaptations => can be reused
+                output['utility_code_def'].put_or_include(
+                    impl, '%s_impl' % self.name)
+            else:
+                output['utility_code_def'].put(impl)
+        if self.init:
+            writer = output['init_globals']
+            writer.putln("/* %s.init */" % self.name)
+            if isinstance(self.init, basestring):
+                writer.put(self.format_code(self.init))
+            else:
+                self.init(writer, output.module_pos)
+            writer.putln(writer.error_goto_if_PyErr(output.module_pos))
+            writer.putln()
+        if self.cleanup and Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            writer = output['cleanup_globals']
+            if isinstance(self.cleanup, basestring):
+                writer.put_or_include(
+                    self.format_code(self.cleanup),
+                    '%s_cleanup' % self.name)
+            else:
+                self.cleanup(writer, output.module_pos)
+
+
+def sub_tempita(s, context, file=None, name=None):
+    "Run tempita on string s with given context."
+    if not s:
+        return None
+
+    if file:
+        context['__name'] = "%s:%s" % (file, name)
+    elif name:
+        context['__name'] = name
+
+    from Cython.Tempita import sub
+    return sub(s, **context)
+
+class TempitaUtilityCode(UtilityCode):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, proto=None, impl=None, init=None, file=None, context=None, **kwargs):
+        if context is None:
+            context = {}
+        proto = sub_tempita(proto, context, file, name)
+        impl = sub_tempita(impl, context, file, name)
+        init = sub_tempita(init, context, file, name)
+        super(TempitaUtilityCode, self).__init__(
+            proto, impl, init=init, name=name, file=file, **kwargs)
+
+    def none_or_sub(self, s, context):
+        """
+        Format a string in this utility code with context. If None, do nothing.
+        """
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        return sub_tempita(s, context, self.file, self.name)
+
+
+class LazyUtilityCode(UtilityCodeBase):
+    """
+    Utility code that calls a callback with the root code writer when
+    available. Useful when you only have 'env' but not 'code'.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, callback):
+        self.callback = callback
+
+    def put_code(self, globalstate):
+        utility = self.callback(globalstate.rootwriter)
+        globalstate.use_utility_code(utility)
+
+
+class FunctionState(object):
+    # return_label     string          function return point label
+    # error_label      string          error catch point label
+    # continue_label   string          loop continue point label
+    # break_label      string          loop break point label
+    # return_from_error_cleanup_label string
+    # label_counter    integer         counter for naming labels
+    # in_try_finally   boolean         inside try of try...finally
+    # exc_vars         (string * 3)    exception variables for reraise, or None
+    # can_trace        boolean         line tracing is supported in the current context
+
+    # Not used for now, perhaps later
+    def __init__(self, owner, names_taken=set()):
+        self.names_taken = names_taken
+        self.owner = owner
+
+        self.error_label = None
+        self.label_counter = 0
+        self.labels_used = set()
+        self.return_label = self.new_label()
+        self.new_error_label()
+        self.continue_label = None
+        self.break_label = None
+        self.yield_labels = []
+
+        self.in_try_finally = 0
+        self.exc_vars = None
+        self.can_trace = False
+
+        self.temps_allocated = [] # of (name, type, manage_ref, static)
+        self.temps_free = {} # (type, manage_ref) -> list of free vars with same type/managed status
+        self.temps_used_type = {} # name -> (type, manage_ref)
+        self.temp_counter = 0
+        self.closure_temps = None
+
+        # This is used to collect temporaries, useful to find out which temps
+        # need to be privatized in parallel sections
+        self.collect_temps_stack = []
+
+        # This is used for the error indicator, which needs to be local to the
+        # function. It used to be global, which relies on the GIL being held.
+        # However, exceptions may need to be propagated through 'nogil'
+        # sections, in which case we introduce a race condition.
+        self.should_declare_error_indicator = False
+        self.uses_error_indicator = False
+
+    # labels
+
+    def new_label(self, name=None):
+        n = self.label_counter
+        self.label_counter = n + 1
+        label = "%s%d" % (Naming.label_prefix, n)
+        if name is not None:
+            label += '_' + name
+        return label
+
+    def new_yield_label(self):
+        label = self.new_label('resume_from_yield')
+        num_and_label = (len(self.yield_labels) + 1, label)
+        self.yield_labels.append(num_and_label)
+        return num_and_label
+
+    def new_error_label(self):
+        old_err_lbl = self.error_label
+        self.error_label = self.new_label('error')
+        return old_err_lbl
+
+    def get_loop_labels(self):
+        return (
+            self.continue_label,
+            self.break_label)
+
+    def set_loop_labels(self, labels):
+        (self.continue_label,
+         self.break_label) = labels
+
+    def new_loop_labels(self):
+        old_labels = self.get_loop_labels()
+        self.set_loop_labels(
+            (self.new_label("continue"),
+             self.new_label("break")))
+        return old_labels
+
+    def get_all_labels(self):
+        return (
+            self.continue_label,
+            self.break_label,
+            self.return_label,
+            self.error_label)
+
+    def set_all_labels(self, labels):
+        (self.continue_label,
+         self.break_label,
+         self.return_label,
+         self.error_label) = labels
+
+    def all_new_labels(self):
+        old_labels = self.get_all_labels()
+        new_labels = []
+        for old_label, name in zip(old_labels, ['continue', 'break', 'return', 'error']):
+            if old_label:
+                new_labels.append(self.new_label(name))
+            else:
+                new_labels.append(old_label)
+        self.set_all_labels(new_labels)
+        return old_labels
+
+    def use_label(self, lbl):
+        self.labels_used.add(lbl)
+
+    def label_used(self, lbl):
+        return lbl in self.labels_used
+
+    # temp handling
+
+    def allocate_temp(self, type, manage_ref, static=False):
+        """
+        Allocates a temporary (which may create a new one or get a previously
+        allocated and released one of the same type). Type is simply registered
+        and handed back, but will usually be a PyrexType.
+
+        If type.is_pyobject, manage_ref comes into play. If manage_ref is set to
+        True, the temp will be decref-ed on return statements and in exception
+        handling clauses. Otherwise the caller has to deal with any reference
+        counting of the variable.
+
+        If not type.is_pyobject, then manage_ref will be ignored, but it
+        still has to be passed. It is recommended to pass False by convention
+        if it is known that type will never be a Python object.
+
+        static=True marks the temporary declaration with "static".
+        This is only used when allocating backing store for a module-level
+        C array literals.
+
+        A C string referring to the variable is returned.
+        """
+        if type.is_const:
+            type = type.const_base_type
+        if not type.is_pyobject and not type.is_memoryviewslice:
+            # Make manage_ref canonical, so that manage_ref will always mean
+            # a decref is needed.
+            manage_ref = False
+
+        freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+        if freelist is not None and len(freelist) > 0:
+            result = freelist.pop()
+        else:
+            while True:
+                self.temp_counter += 1
+                result = "%s%d" % (Naming.codewriter_temp_prefix, self.temp_counter)
+                if not result in self.names_taken: break
+            self.temps_allocated.append((result, type, manage_ref, static))
+        self.temps_used_type[result] = (type, manage_ref)
+        if DebugFlags.debug_temp_code_comments:
+            self.owner.putln("/* %s allocated */" % result)
+
+        if self.collect_temps_stack:
+            self.collect_temps_stack[-1].add((result, type))
+
+        return result
+
+    def release_temp(self, name):
+        """
+        Releases a temporary so that it can be reused by other code needing
+        a temp of the same type.
+        """
+        type, manage_ref = self.temps_used_type[name]
+        freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+        if freelist is None:
+            freelist = []
+            self.temps_free[(type, manage_ref)] = freelist
+        if name in freelist:
+            raise RuntimeError("Temp %s freed twice!" % name)
+        freelist.append(name)
+        if DebugFlags.debug_temp_code_comments:
+            self.owner.putln("/* %s released */" % name)
+
+    def temps_in_use(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname,type,manage_ref) tuples of temp names and their type
+        that are currently in use.
+        """
+        used = []
+        for name, type, manage_ref, static in self.temps_allocated:
+            freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+            if freelist is None or name not in freelist:
+                used.append((name, type, manage_ref and type.is_pyobject))
+        return used
+
+    def temps_holding_reference(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname,type) tuples of temp names and their type
+        that are currently in use. This includes only temps of a
+        Python object type which owns its reference.
+        """
+        return [(name, type)
+                for name, type, manage_ref in self.temps_in_use()
+                if manage_ref  and type.is_pyobject]
+
+    def all_managed_temps(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname, type) tuples of refcount-managed Python objects.
+        """
+        return [(cname, type)
+                    for cname, type, manage_ref, static in self.temps_allocated
+                        if manage_ref]
+
+    def all_free_managed_temps(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname, type) tuples of refcount-managed Python
+        objects that are not currently in use.  This is used by
+        try-except and try-finally blocks to clean up temps in the
+        error case.
+        """
+        return [(cname, type)
+                    for (type, manage_ref), freelist in self.temps_free.items()
+                        if manage_ref
+                            for cname in freelist]
+
+    def start_collecting_temps(self):
+        """
+        Useful to find out which temps were used in a code block
+        """
+        self.collect_temps_stack.append(set())
+
+    def stop_collecting_temps(self):
+        return self.collect_temps_stack.pop()
+
+    def init_closure_temps(self, scope):
+        self.closure_temps = ClosureTempAllocator(scope)
+
+
+class NumConst(object):
+    """Global info about a Python number constant held by GlobalState.
+
+    cname       string
+    value       string
+    py_type     string     int, long, float
+    value_code  string     evaluation code if different from value
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, value, py_type, value_code=None):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.value = value
+        self.py_type = py_type
+        self.value_code = value_code or value
+
+
+class PyObjectConst(object):
+    """Global info about a generic constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname       string
+    # type        PyrexType
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, type):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.type = type
+
+
+cython.declare(possible_unicode_identifier=object, possible_bytes_identifier=object,
+               replace_identifier=object, find_alphanums=object)
+possible_unicode_identifier = re.compile(ur"(?![0-9])\w+$", re.U).match
+possible_bytes_identifier = re.compile(r"(?![0-9])\w+$".encode('ASCII')).match
+replace_identifier = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+').sub
+find_alphanums = re.compile('([a-zA-Z0-9]+)').findall
+
+class StringConst(object):
+    """Global info about a C string constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname            string
+    # text             EncodedString or BytesLiteral
+    # py_strings       {(identifier, encoding) : PyStringConst}
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, text, byte_string):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.text = text
+        self.escaped_value = StringEncoding.escape_byte_string(byte_string)
+        self.py_strings = None
+        self.py_versions = []
+
+    def add_py_version(self, version):
+        if not version:
+            self.py_versions = [2,3]
+        elif version not in self.py_versions:
+            self.py_versions.append(version)
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, encoding, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, py3str_cstring=None):
+        py_strings = self.py_strings
+        text = self.text
+
+        is_str = bool(identifier or is_str)
+        is_unicode = encoding is None and not is_str
+
+        if encoding is None:
+            # unicode string
+            encoding_key = None
+        else:
+            # bytes or str
+            encoding = encoding.lower()
+            if encoding in ('utf8', 'utf-8', 'ascii', 'usascii', 'us-ascii'):
+                encoding = None
+                encoding_key = None
+            else:
+                encoding_key = ''.join(find_alphanums(encoding))
+
+        key = (is_str, is_unicode, encoding_key, py3str_cstring)
+        if py_strings is not None:
+            try:
+                return py_strings[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self.py_strings = {}
+
+        if identifier:
+            intern = True
+        elif identifier is None:
+            if isinstance(text, unicode):
+                intern = bool(possible_unicode_identifier(text))
+            else:
+                intern = bool(possible_bytes_identifier(text))
+        else:
+            intern = False
+        if intern:
+            prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes['str']
+        else:
+            prefix = Naming.py_const_prefix
+
+        if encoding_key:
+            encoding_prefix = '_%s' % encoding_key
+        else:
+            encoding_prefix = ''
+
+        pystring_cname = "%s%s%s_%s" % (
+            prefix,
+            (is_str and 's') or (is_unicode and 'u') or 'b',
+            encoding_prefix,
+            self.cname[len(Naming.const_prefix):])
+
+        py_string = PyStringConst(
+            pystring_cname, encoding, is_unicode, is_str, py3str_cstring, intern)
+        self.py_strings[key] = py_string
+        return py_string
+
+class PyStringConst(object):
+    """Global info about a Python string constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname       string
+    # py3str_cstring string
+    # encoding    string
+    # intern      boolean
+    # is_unicode  boolean
+    # is_str      boolean
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, encoding, is_unicode, is_str=False,
+                 py3str_cstring=None, intern=False):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.py3str_cstring = py3str_cstring
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.is_str = is_str
+        self.is_unicode = is_unicode
+        self.intern = intern
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self.cname < other.cname
+
+
+class GlobalState(object):
+    # filename_table   {string : int}  for finding filename table indexes
+    # filename_list    [string]        filenames in filename table order
+    # input_file_contents dict         contents (=list of lines) of any file that was used as input
+    #                                  to create this output C code.  This is
+    #                                  used to annotate the comments.
+    #
+    # utility_codes   set                IDs of used utility code (to avoid reinsertion)
+    #
+    # declared_cnames  {string:Entry}  used in a transition phase to merge pxd-declared
+    #                                  constants etc. into the pyx-declared ones (i.e,
+    #                                  check if constants are already added).
+    #                                  In time, hopefully the literals etc. will be
+    #                                  supplied directly instead.
+    #
+    # const_cnames_used  dict          global counter for unique constant identifiers
+    #
+
+    # parts            {string:CCodeWriter}
+
+
+    # interned_strings
+    # consts
+    # interned_nums
+
+    # directives       set             Temporary variable used to track
+    #                                  the current set of directives in the code generation
+    #                                  process.
+
+    directives = {}
+
+    code_layout = [
+        'h_code',
+        'filename_table',
+        'utility_code_proto_before_types',
+        'numeric_typedefs',          # Let these detailed individual parts stay!,
+        'complex_type_declarations', # as the proper solution is to make a full DAG...
+        'type_declarations',         # More coarse-grained blocks would simply hide
+        'utility_code_proto',        # the ugliness, not fix it
+        'module_declarations',
+        'typeinfo',
+        'before_global_var',
+        'global_var',
+        'decls',
+        'all_the_rest',
+        'pystring_table',
+        'cached_builtins',
+        'cached_constants',
+        'init_globals',
+        'init_module',
+        'cleanup_globals',
+        'cleanup_module',
+        'main_method',
+        'utility_code_def',
+        'end'
+    ]
+
+
+    def __init__(self, writer, module_node, emit_linenums=False, common_utility_include_dir=None):
+        self.filename_table = {}
+        self.filename_list = []
+        self.input_file_contents = {}
+        self.utility_codes = set()
+        self.declared_cnames = {}
+        self.in_utility_code_generation = False
+        self.emit_linenums = emit_linenums
+        self.common_utility_include_dir = common_utility_include_dir
+        self.parts = {}
+        self.module_node = module_node # because some utility code generation needs it
+                                       # (generating backwards-compatible Get/ReleaseBuffer
+
+        self.const_cnames_used = {}
+        self.string_const_index = {}
+        self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index = {}
+        self.num_const_index = {}
+        self.py_constants = []
+
+        assert writer.globalstate is None
+        writer.globalstate = self
+        self.rootwriter = writer
+
+    def initialize_main_c_code(self):
+        rootwriter = self.rootwriter
+        for part in self.code_layout:
+            self.parts[part] = rootwriter.insertion_point()
+
+        if not Options.cache_builtins:
+            del self.parts['cached_builtins']
+        else:
+            w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+            w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+            w.putln("static int __Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins(void) {")
+
+        w = self.parts['cached_constants']
+        w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+        w.putln("")
+        w.putln("static int __Pyx_InitCachedConstants(void) {")
+        w.put_declare_refcount_context()
+        w.put_setup_refcount_context("__Pyx_InitCachedConstants")
+
+        w = self.parts['init_globals']
+        w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+        w.putln("")
+        w.putln("static int __Pyx_InitGlobals(void) {")
+
+        if not Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            del self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+        else:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+            w.putln("")
+            w.putln("static void __Pyx_CleanupGlobals(void) {")
+
+        #
+        # utility_code_def
+        #
+        code = self.parts['utility_code_def']
+        if self.emit_linenums:
+            code.write('\n#line 1 "cython_utility"\n')
+        code.putln("")
+        code.putln("/* Runtime support code */")
+
+    def finalize_main_c_code(self):
+        self.close_global_decls()
+
+        #
+        # utility_code_def
+        #
+        code = self.parts['utility_code_def']
+        code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("TypeConversions", "TypeConversion.c")[1])
+        code.putln("")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.parts[key]
+
+    #
+    # Global constants, interned objects, etc.
+    #
+    def close_global_decls(self):
+        # This is called when it is known that no more global declarations will
+        # declared.
+        self.generate_const_declarations()
+        if Options.cache_builtins:
+            w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+            w.putln("return 0;")
+            if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+                w.put_label(w.error_label)
+                w.putln("return -1;")
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        w = self.parts['cached_constants']
+        w.put_finish_refcount_context()
+        w.putln("return 0;")
+        if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+            w.put_label(w.error_label)
+            w.put_finish_refcount_context()
+            w.putln("return -1;")
+        w.putln("}")
+        w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        w = self.parts['init_globals']
+        w.putln("return 0;")
+        if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+            w.put_label(w.error_label)
+            w.putln("return -1;")
+        w.putln("}")
+        w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_module']
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+    def put_pyobject_decl(self, entry):
+        self['global_var'].putln("static PyObject *%s;" % entry.cname)
+
+    # constant handling at code generation time
+
+    def get_cached_constants_writer(self):
+        return self.parts['cached_constants']
+
+    def get_int_const(self, str_value, longness=False):
+        py_type = longness and 'long' or 'int'
+        try:
+            c = self.num_const_index[(str_value, py_type)]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_num_const(str_value, py_type)
+        return c
+
+    def get_float_const(self, str_value, value_code):
+        try:
+            c = self.num_const_index[(str_value, 'float')]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_num_const(str_value, 'float', value_code)
+        return c
+
+    def get_py_const(self, type, prefix='', cleanup_level=None):
+        # create a new Python object constant
+        const = self.new_py_const(type, prefix)
+        if cleanup_level is not None \
+                and cleanup_level <= Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            cleanup_writer = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            cleanup_writer.putln('Py_CLEAR(%s);' % const.cname)
+        return const
+
+    def get_string_const(self, text, py_version=None):
+        # return a C string constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        if text.is_unicode:
+            byte_string = text.utf8encode()
+        else:
+            byte_string = text.byteencode()
+        try:
+            c = self.string_const_index[byte_string]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_string_const(text, byte_string)
+        c.add_py_version(py_version)
+        return c
+
+    def get_pyunicode_ptr_const(self, text):
+        # return a Py_UNICODE[] constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        assert text.is_unicode
+        try:
+            c = self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index[text]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index[text] = self.new_const_cname()
+        return c
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, text, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, unicode_value=None):
+        # return a Python string constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        py3str_cstring = None
+        if is_str and unicode_value is not None \
+               and unicode_value.utf8encode() != text.byteencode():
+            py3str_cstring = self.get_string_const(unicode_value, py_version=3)
+            c_string = self.get_string_const(text, py_version=2)
+        else:
+            c_string = self.get_string_const(text)
+        py_string = c_string.get_py_string_const(
+            text.encoding, identifier, is_str, py3str_cstring)
+        return py_string
+
+    def get_interned_identifier(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text, identifier=True)
+
+    def new_string_const(self, text, byte_string):
+        cname = self.new_string_const_cname(byte_string)
+        c = StringConst(cname, text, byte_string)
+        self.string_const_index[byte_string] = c
+        return c
+
+    def new_num_const(self, value, py_type, value_code=None):
+        cname = self.new_num_const_cname(value, py_type)
+        c = NumConst(cname, value, py_type, value_code)
+        self.num_const_index[(value, py_type)] = c
+        return c
+
+    def new_py_const(self, type, prefix=''):
+        cname = self.new_const_cname(prefix)
+        c = PyObjectConst(cname, type)
+        self.py_constants.append(c)
+        return c
+
+    def new_string_const_cname(self, bytes_value):
+        # Create a new globally-unique nice name for a C string constant.
+        value = bytes_value.decode('ASCII', 'ignore')
+        return self.new_const_cname(value=value)
+
+    def new_num_const_cname(self, value, py_type):
+        if py_type == 'long':
+            value += 'L'
+            py_type = 'int'
+        prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes[py_type]
+        cname = "%s%s" % (prefix, value)
+        cname = cname.replace('+', '_').replace('-', 'neg_').replace('.', '_')
+        return cname
+
+    def new_const_cname(self, prefix='', value=''):
+        value = replace_identifier('_', value)[:32].strip('_')
+        used = self.const_cnames_used
+        name_suffix = value
+        while name_suffix in used:
+            counter = used[value] = used[value] + 1
+            name_suffix = '%s_%d' % (value, counter)
+        used[name_suffix] = 1
+        if prefix:
+            prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes[prefix]
+        else:
+            prefix = Naming.const_prefix
+        return "%s%s" % (prefix, name_suffix)
+
+    def add_cached_builtin_decl(self, entry):
+        if entry.is_builtin and entry.is_const:
+            if self.should_declare(entry.cname, entry):
+                self.put_pyobject_decl(entry)
+                w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+                condition = None
+                if entry.name in non_portable_builtins_map:
+                    condition, replacement = non_portable_builtins_map[entry.name]
+                    w.putln('#if %s' % condition)
+                    self.put_cached_builtin_init(
+                        entry.pos, StringEncoding.EncodedString(replacement),
+                        entry.cname)
+                    w.putln('#else')
+                self.put_cached_builtin_init(
+                    entry.pos, StringEncoding.EncodedString(entry.name),
+                    entry.cname)
+                if condition:
+                    w.putln('#endif')
+
+    def put_cached_builtin_init(self, pos, name, cname):
+        w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+        interned_cname = self.get_interned_identifier(name).cname
+        self.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("GetBuiltinName", "ObjectHandling.c"))
+        w.putln('%s = __Pyx_GetBuiltinName(%s); if (!%s) %s' % (
+            cname,
+            interned_cname,
+            cname,
+            w.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def generate_const_declarations(self):
+        self.generate_string_constants()
+        self.generate_num_constants()
+        self.generate_object_constant_decls()
+
+    def generate_object_constant_decls(self):
+        consts = [ (len(c.cname), c.cname, c)
+                   for c in self.py_constants ]
+        consts.sort()
+        decls_writer = self.parts['decls']
+        for _, cname, c in consts:
+            decls_writer.putln(
+                "static %s;" % c.type.declaration_code(cname))
+
+    def generate_string_constants(self):
+        c_consts = [ (len(c.cname), c.cname, c)
+                     for c in self.string_const_index.values() ]
+        c_consts.sort()
+        py_strings = []
+
+        decls_writer = self.parts['decls']
+        for _, cname, c in c_consts:
+            conditional = False
+            if c.py_versions and (2 not in c.py_versions or 3 not in c.py_versions):
+                conditional = True
+                decls_writer.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION %s 3" % (
+                    (2 in c.py_versions) and '<' or '>='))
+            decls_writer.putln('static char %s[] = "%s";' % (
+                cname, StringEncoding.split_string_literal(c.escaped_value)))
+            if conditional:
+                decls_writer.putln("#endif")
+            if c.py_strings is not None:
+                for py_string in c.py_strings.values():
+                    py_strings.append((c.cname, len(py_string.cname), py_string))
+
+        for c, cname in self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index.items():
+            utf16_array, utf32_array = StringEncoding.encode_pyunicode_string(c)
+            if utf16_array:
+                # Narrow and wide representations differ
+                decls_writer.putln("#ifdef Py_UNICODE_WIDE")
+            decls_writer.putln("static Py_UNICODE %s[] = { %s };" % (cname, utf32_array))
+            if utf16_array:
+                decls_writer.putln("#else")
+                decls_writer.putln("static Py_UNICODE %s[] = { %s };" % (cname, utf16_array))
+                decls_writer.putln("#endif")
+
+        if py_strings:
+            self.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("InitStrings", "StringTools.c"))
+            py_strings.sort()
+            w = self.parts['pystring_table']
+            w.putln("")
+            w.putln("static __Pyx_StringTabEntry %s[] = {" %
+                                      Naming.stringtab_cname)
+            for c_cname, _, py_string in py_strings:
+                if not py_string.is_str or not py_string.encoding or \
+                       py_string.encoding in ('ASCII', 'USASCII', 'US-ASCII',
+                                              'UTF8', 'UTF-8'):
+                    encoding = '0'
+                else:
+                    encoding = '"%s"' % py_string.encoding.lower()
+
+                decls_writer.putln(
+                    "static PyObject *%s;" % py_string.cname)
+                if py_string.py3str_cstring:
+                    w.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
+                    w.putln(
+                        "{&%s, %s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d, %d, %d}," % (
+                        py_string.cname,
+                        py_string.py3str_cstring.cname,
+                        py_string.py3str_cstring.cname,
+                        '0', 1, 0,
+                        py_string.intern
+                        ))
+                    w.putln("#else")
+                w.putln(
+                    "{&%s, %s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d, %d, %d}," % (
+                    py_string.cname,
+                    c_cname,
+                    c_cname,
+                    encoding,
+                    py_string.is_unicode,
+                    py_string.is_str,
+                    py_string.intern
+                    ))
+                if py_string.py3str_cstring:
+                    w.putln("#endif")
+            w.putln("{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}")
+            w.putln("};")
+
+            init_globals = self.parts['init_globals']
+            init_globals.putln(
+                "if (__Pyx_InitStrings(%s) < 0) %s;" % (
+                    Naming.stringtab_cname,
+                    init_globals.error_goto(self.module_pos)))
+
+    def generate_num_constants(self):
+        consts = [(c.py_type, c.value[0] == '-', len(c.value), c.value, c.value_code, c)
+                  for c in self.num_const_index.values()]
+        consts.sort()
+        decls_writer = self.parts['decls']
+        init_globals = self.parts['init_globals']
+        for py_type, _, _, value, value_code, c in consts:
+            cname = c.cname
+            decls_writer.putln("static PyObject *%s;" % cname)
+            if py_type == 'float':
+                function = 'PyFloat_FromDouble(%s)'
+            elif py_type == 'long':
+                function = 'PyLong_FromString((char *)"%s", 0, 0)'
+            elif Utils.long_literal(value):
+                function = 'PyInt_FromString((char *)"%s", 0, 0)'
+            elif len(value.lstrip('-')) > 4:
+                function = "PyInt_FromLong(%sL)"
+            else:
+                function = "PyInt_FromLong(%s)"
+            init_globals.putln('%s = %s; %s' % (
+                cname, function % value_code,
+                init_globals.error_goto_if_null(cname, self.module_pos)))
+
+    # The functions below are there in a transition phase only
+    # and will be deprecated. They are called from Nodes.BlockNode.
+    # The copy&paste duplication is intentional in order to be able
+    # to see quickly how BlockNode worked, until this is replaced.
+
+    def should_declare(self, cname, entry):
+        if cname in self.declared_cnames:
+            other = self.declared_cnames[cname]
+            assert str(entry.type) == str(other.type)
+            assert entry.init == other.init
+            return False
+        else:
+            self.declared_cnames[cname] = entry
+            return True
+
+    #
+    # File name state
+    #
+
+    def lookup_filename(self, filename):
+        try:
+            index = self.filename_table[filename]
+        except KeyError:
+            index = len(self.filename_list)
+            self.filename_list.append(filename)
+            self.filename_table[filename] = index
+        return index
+
+    def commented_file_contents(self, source_desc):
+        try:
+            return self.input_file_contents[source_desc]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        source_file = source_desc.get_lines(encoding='ASCII',
+                                            error_handling='ignore')
+        try:
+            F = [u' * ' + line.rstrip().replace(
+                    u'*/', u'*[inserted by cython to avoid comment closer]/'
+                    ).replace(
+                    u'/*', u'/[inserted by cython to avoid comment start]*'
+                    )
+                 for line in source_file]
+        finally:
+            if hasattr(source_file, 'close'):
+                source_file.close()
+        if not F: F.append(u'')
+        self.input_file_contents[source_desc] = F
+        return F
+
+    #
+    # Utility code state
+    #
+
+    def use_utility_code(self, utility_code):
+        """
+        Adds code to the C file. utility_code should
+        a) implement __eq__/__hash__ for the purpose of knowing whether the same
+           code has already been included
+        b) implement put_code, which takes a globalstate instance
+
+        See UtilityCode.
+        """
+        if utility_code not in self.utility_codes:
+            self.utility_codes.add(utility_code)
+            utility_code.put_code(self)
+
+
+def funccontext_property(name):
+    attribute_of = operator.attrgetter(name)
+    def get(self):
+        return attribute_of(self.funcstate)
+    def set(self, value):
+        setattr(self.funcstate, name, value)
+    return property(get, set)
+
+
+class CCodeWriter(object):
+    """
+    Utility class to output C code.
+
+    When creating an insertion point one must care about the state that is
+    kept:
+    - formatting state (level, bol) is cloned and used in insertion points
+      as well
+    - labels, temps, exc_vars: One must construct a scope in which these can
+      exist by calling enter_cfunc_scope/exit_cfunc_scope (these are for
+      sanity checking and forward compatabilty). Created insertion points
+      looses this scope and cannot access it.
+    - marker: Not copied to insertion point
+    - filename_table, filename_list, input_file_contents: All codewriters
+      coming from the same root share the same instances simultaneously.
+    """
+
+    # f                   file            output file
+    # buffer              StringIOTree
+
+    # level               int             indentation level
+    # bol                 bool            beginning of line?
+    # marker              string          comment to emit before next line
+    # funcstate           FunctionState   contains state local to a C function used for code
+    #                                     generation (labels and temps state etc.)
+    # globalstate         GlobalState     contains state global for a C file (input file info,
+    #                                     utility code, declared constants etc.)
+    # emit_linenums       boolean         whether or not to write #line pragmas
+    #
+    # c_line_in_traceback boolean         append the c file and line number to the traceback for exceptions
+    #
+    # pyclass_stack       list            used during recursive code generation to pass information
+    #                                     about the current class one is in
+
+    globalstate = None
+
+    def __init__(self, create_from=None, buffer=None, copy_formatting=False, emit_linenums=None, c_line_in_traceback=True):
+        if buffer is None: buffer = StringIOTree()
+        self.buffer = buffer
+        self.marker = None
+        self.last_marker_line = 0
+        self.source_desc = ""
+        self.pyclass_stack = []
+
+        self.funcstate = None
+        self.level = 0
+        self.call_level = 0
+        self.bol = 1
+
+        if create_from is not None:
+            # Use same global state
+            self.globalstate = create_from.globalstate
+            self.funcstate = create_from.funcstate
+            # Clone formatting state
+            if copy_formatting:
+                self.level = create_from.level
+                self.bol = create_from.bol
+                self.call_level = create_from.call_level
+
+        if emit_linenums is None and self.globalstate:
+            self.emit_linenums = self.globalstate.emit_linenums
+        else:
+            self.emit_linenums = emit_linenums
+        self.c_line_in_traceback = c_line_in_traceback
+
+    def create_new(self, create_from, buffer, copy_formatting):
+        # polymorphic constructor -- very slightly more versatile
+        # than using __class__
+        result = CCodeWriter(create_from, buffer, copy_formatting,
+                             c_line_in_traceback=self.c_line_in_traceback)
+        return result
+
+    def copyto(self, f):
+        self.buffer.copyto(f)
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        return self.buffer.getvalue()
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        # also put invalid markers (lineno 0), to indicate that those lines
+        # have no Cython source code correspondence
+        if self.marker is None:
+            cython_lineno = self.last_marker_line
+        else:
+            cython_lineno = self.marker[0]
+
+        self.buffer.markers.extend([cython_lineno] * s.count('\n'))
+        self.buffer.write(s)
+
+    def insertion_point(self):
+        other = self.create_new(create_from=self, buffer=self.buffer.insertion_point(), copy_formatting=True)
+        return other
+
+    def new_writer(self):
+        """
+        Creates a new CCodeWriter connected to the same global state, which
+        can later be inserted using insert.
+        """
+        return CCodeWriter(create_from=self, c_line_in_traceback=self.c_line_in_traceback)
+
+    def insert(self, writer):
+        """
+        Inserts the contents of another code writer (created with
+        the same global state) in the current location.
+
+        It is ok to write to the inserted writer also after insertion.
+        """
+        assert writer.globalstate is self.globalstate
+        self.buffer.insert(writer.buffer)
+
+    # Properties delegated to function scope
+    label_counter = funccontext_property("label_counter")
+    return_label = funccontext_property("return_label")
+    error_label = funccontext_property("error_label")
+    labels_used = funccontext_property("labels_used")
+    continue_label = funccontext_property("continue_label")
+    break_label = funccontext_property("break_label")
+    return_from_error_cleanup_label = funccontext_property("return_from_error_cleanup_label")
+    yield_labels = funccontext_property("yield_labels")
+
+    # Functions delegated to function scope
+    def new_label(self, name=None):    return self.funcstate.new_label(name)
+    def new_error_label(self):         return self.funcstate.new_error_label()
+    def new_yield_label(self):         return self.funcstate.new_yield_label()
+    def get_loop_labels(self):         return self.funcstate.get_loop_labels()
+    def set_loop_labels(self, labels): return self.funcstate.set_loop_labels(labels)
+    def new_loop_labels(self):         return self.funcstate.new_loop_labels()
+    def get_all_labels(self):          return self.funcstate.get_all_labels()
+    def set_all_labels(self, labels):  return self.funcstate.set_all_labels(labels)
+    def all_new_labels(self):          return self.funcstate.all_new_labels()
+    def use_label(self, lbl):          return self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+    def label_used(self, lbl):         return self.funcstate.label_used(lbl)
+
+
+    def enter_cfunc_scope(self):
+        self.funcstate = FunctionState(self)
+
+    def exit_cfunc_scope(self):
+        self.funcstate = None
+
+    # constant handling
+
+    def get_py_int(self, str_value, longness):
+        return self.globalstate.get_int_const(str_value, longness).cname
+
+    def get_py_float(self, str_value, value_code):
+        return self.globalstate.get_float_const(str_value, value_code).cname
+
+    def get_py_const(self, type, prefix='', cleanup_level=None):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_const(type, prefix, cleanup_level).cname
+
+    def get_string_const(self, text):
+        return self.globalstate.get_string_const(text).cname
+
+    def get_pyunicode_ptr_const(self, text):
+        return self.globalstate.get_pyunicode_ptr_const(text)
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, text, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, unicode_value=None):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_string_const(
+            text, identifier, is_str, unicode_value).cname
+
+    def get_argument_default_const(self, type):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_const(type).cname
+
+    def intern(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text)
+
+    def intern_identifier(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text, identifier=True)
+
+    def get_cached_constants_writer(self):
+        return self.globalstate.get_cached_constants_writer()
+
+    # code generation
+
+    def putln(self, code="", safe=False):
+        if self.marker and self.bol:
+            self.emit_marker()
+        if self.emit_linenums and self.last_marker_line != 0:
+            self.write('\n#line %s "%s"\n' % (self.last_marker_line, self.source_desc))
+
+        if code:
+            if safe:
+                self.put_safe(code)
+            else:
+                self.put(code)
+        self.write("\n")
+        self.bol = 1
+
+    def emit_marker(self):
+        self.write("\n")
+        self.indent()
+        self.write("/* %s */\n" % self.marker[1])
+        if (self.funcstate and self.funcstate.can_trace
+                and self.globalstate.directives['linetrace']):
+            self.indent()
+            self.write('__Pyx_TraceLine(%d)\n' % self.marker[0])
+        self.last_marker_line = self.marker[0]
+        self.marker = None
+
+    def put_safe(self, code):
+        # put code, but ignore {}
+        self.write(code)
+        self.bol = 0
+
+    def put_or_include(self, code, name):
+        include_dir = self.globalstate.common_utility_include_dir
+        if include_dir and len(code) > 1024:
+            include_file = "%s_%s.h" % (
+                name, hashlib.md5(code.encode('utf8')).hexdigest())
+            path = os.path.join(include_dir, include_file)
+            if not os.path.exists(path):
+                tmp_path = '%s.tmp%s' % (path, os.getpid())
+                f = Utils.open_new_file(tmp_path)
+                try:
+                    f.write(code)
+                finally:
+                    f.close()
+                os.rename(tmp_path, path)
+            code = '#include "%s"\n' % path
+        self.put(code)
+
+    def put(self, code):
+        if is_self_assignment(code):
+            return
+        fix_indent = False
+        if "{" in code:
+            dl = code.count("{")
+        else:
+            dl = 0
+        if "}" in code:
+            dl -= code.count("}")
+            if dl < 0:
+                self.level += dl
+            elif dl == 0 and code[0] == "}":
+                # special cases like "} else {" need a temporary dedent
+                fix_indent = True
+                self.level -= 1
+        if self.bol:
+            self.indent()
+        self.write(code)
+        self.bol = 0
+        if dl > 0:
+            self.level += dl
+        elif fix_indent:
+            self.level += 1
+
+    def putln_tempita(self, code, **context):
+        from Cython.Tempita import sub
+        self.putln(sub(code, **context))
+
+    def put_tempita(self, code, **context):
+        from Cython.Tempita import sub
+        self.put(sub(code, **context))
+
+    def increase_indent(self):
+        self.level += 1
+
+    def decrease_indent(self):
+        self.level -= 1
+
+    def begin_block(self):
+        self.putln("{")
+        self.increase_indent()
+
+    def end_block(self):
+        self.decrease_indent()
+        self.putln("}")
+
+    def indent(self):
+        self.write("  " * self.level)
+
+    def get_py_version_hex(self, pyversion):
+        return "0x%02X%02X%02X%02X" % (tuple(pyversion) + (0,0,0,0))[:4]
+
+    def mark_pos(self, pos):
+        if pos is None:
+            return
+        source_desc, line, col = pos
+        if self.last_marker_line == line:
+            return
+        assert isinstance(source_desc, SourceDescriptor)
+        contents = self.globalstate.commented_file_contents(source_desc)
+        lines = contents[max(0, line-3):line]  # line numbers start at 1
+        lines[-1] += u'             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<'
+        lines += contents[line:line+2]
+
+        marker = u'"%s":%d\n%s\n' % (
+            source_desc.get_escaped_description(), line, u'\n'.join(lines))
+        self.marker = (line, marker)
+        if self.emit_linenums:
+            self.source_desc = source_desc.get_escaped_description()
+
+    def put_label(self, lbl):
+        if lbl in self.funcstate.labels_used:
+            self.putln("%s:;" % lbl)
+
+    def put_goto(self, lbl):
+        self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+        self.putln("goto %s;" % lbl)
+
+    def put_var_declaration(self, entry, storage_class="",
+                            dll_linkage=None, definition=True):
+        #print "Code.put_var_declaration:", entry.name, "definition =", definition ###
+        if entry.visibility == 'private' and not (definition or entry.defined_in_pxd):
+            #print "...private and not definition, skipping", entry.cname ###
+            return
+        if entry.visibility == "private" and not entry.used:
+            #print "...private and not used, skipping", entry.cname ###
+            return
+        if storage_class:
+            self.put("%s " % storage_class)
+        if not entry.cf_used:
+            self.put('CYTHON_UNUSED ')
+        self.put(entry.type.declaration_code(
+            entry.cname, dll_linkage=dll_linkage))
+        if entry.init is not None:
+            self.put_safe(" = %s" % entry.type.literal_code(entry.init))
+        elif entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.put(" = NULL")
+        self.putln(";")
+
+    def put_temp_declarations(self, func_context):
+        for name, type, manage_ref, static in func_context.temps_allocated:
+            decl = type.declaration_code(name)
+            if type.is_pyobject:
+                self.putln("%s = NULL;" % decl)
+            elif type.is_memoryviewslice:
+                import MemoryView
+                self.putln("%s = %s;" % (decl, MemoryView.memslice_entry_init))
+            else:
+                self.putln("%s%s;" % (static and "static " or "", decl))
+
+        if func_context.should_declare_error_indicator:
+            if self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator:
+                unused = ''
+            else:
+                unused = 'CYTHON_UNUSED '
+            # Initialize these variables to silence compiler warnings
+            self.putln("%sint %s = 0;" % (unused, Naming.lineno_cname))
+            self.putln("%sconst char *%s = NULL;" % (unused, Naming.filename_cname))
+            self.putln("%sint %s = 0;" % (unused, Naming.clineno_cname))
+
+    def put_h_guard(self, guard):
+        self.putln("#ifndef %s" % guard)
+        self.putln("#define %s" % guard)
+
+    def unlikely(self, cond):
+        if Options.gcc_branch_hints:
+            return 'unlikely(%s)' % cond
+        else:
+            return cond
+
+    def build_function_modifiers(self, modifiers, mapper=modifier_output_mapper):
+        if not modifiers:
+            return ''
+        return '%s ' % ' '.join([mapper(m,m) for m in modifiers])
+
+    # Python objects and reference counting
+
+    def entry_as_pyobject(self, entry):
+        type = entry.type
+        if (not entry.is_self_arg and not entry.type.is_complete()
+            or entry.type.is_extension_type):
+            return "(PyObject *)" + entry.cname
+        else:
+            return entry.cname
+
+    def as_pyobject(self, cname, type):
+        from PyrexTypes import py_object_type, typecast
+        return typecast(py_object_type, type, cname)
+
+    def put_gotref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_GOTREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_giveref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_GIVEREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_xgiveref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XGIVEREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_xgotref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XGOTREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_incref(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        if nanny:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_INCREF(%s);" % self.as_pyobject(cname, type))
+        else:
+            self.putln("Py_INCREF(%s);" % self.as_pyobject(cname, type))
+
+    def put_decref(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=False, clear=False)
+
+    def put_var_gotref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_GOTREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_giveref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_GIVEREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xgotref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XGOTREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xgiveref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XGIVEREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_incref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_INCREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_decref_clear(self, cname, type, nanny=True, clear_before_decref=False):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=False,
+                         clear=True, clear_before_decref=clear_before_decref)
+
+    def put_xdecref(self, cname, type, nanny=True, have_gil=True):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=True,
+                         have_gil=have_gil, clear=False)
+
+    def put_xdecref_clear(self, cname, type, nanny=True, clear_before_decref=False):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=True,
+                         clear=True, clear_before_decref=clear_before_decref)
+
+    def _put_decref(self, cname, type, nanny=True, null_check=False,
+                    have_gil=True, clear=False, clear_before_decref=False):
+        if type.is_memoryviewslice:
+            self.put_xdecref_memoryviewslice(cname, have_gil=have_gil)
+            return
+
+        prefix = nanny and '__Pyx' or 'Py'
+        X = null_check and 'X' or ''
+
+        if clear:
+            if clear_before_decref:
+                if not nanny:
+                    X = ''  # CPython doesn't have a Py_XCLEAR()
+                self.putln("%s_%sCLEAR(%s);" % (prefix, X, cname))
+            else:
+                self.putln("%s_%sDECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (
+                    prefix, X, self.as_pyobject(cname, type), cname))
+        else:
+            self.putln("%s_%sDECREF(%s);" % (
+                prefix, X, self.as_pyobject(cname, type)))
+
+    def put_decref_set(self, cname, rhs_cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_DECREF_SET(%s, %s);" % (cname, rhs_cname))
+
+    def put_xdecref_set(self, cname, rhs_cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF_SET(%s, %s);" % (cname, rhs_cname))
+
+    def put_var_decref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xdecref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_decref_clear(self, entry):
+        self._put_var_decref_clear(entry, null_check=False)
+
+    def put_var_xdecref_clear(self, entry):
+        self._put_var_decref_clear(entry, null_check=True)
+
+    def _put_var_decref_clear(self, entry, null_check):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            if entry.in_closure:
+                # reset before DECREF to make sure closure state is
+                # consistent during call to DECREF()
+                self.putln("__Pyx_%sCLEAR(%s);" % (
+                    null_check and 'X' or '',
+                    entry.cname))
+            else:
+                self.putln("__Pyx_%sDECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (
+                    null_check and 'X' or '',
+                    self.entry_as_pyobject(entry),
+                    entry.cname))
+
+    def put_var_decrefs(self, entries, used_only = 0):
+        for entry in entries:
+            if not used_only or entry.used:
+                if entry.xdecref_cleanup:
+                    self.put_var_xdecref(entry)
+                else:
+                    self.put_var_decref(entry)
+
+    def put_var_xdecrefs(self, entries):
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.put_var_xdecref(entry)
+
+    def put_var_xdecrefs_clear(self, entries):
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.put_var_xdecref_clear(entry)
+
+    def put_incref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname, have_gil=False):
+        import MemoryView
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(MemoryView.memviewslice_init_code)
+        self.putln("__PYX_INC_MEMVIEW(&%s, %d);" % (slice_cname, int(have_gil)))
+
+    def put_xdecref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname, have_gil=False):
+        import MemoryView
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(MemoryView.memviewslice_init_code)
+        self.putln("__PYX_XDEC_MEMVIEW(&%s, %d);" % (slice_cname, int(have_gil)))
+
+    def put_xgiveref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname):
+        self.put_xgiveref("%s.memview" % slice_cname)
+
+    def put_init_to_py_none(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        from PyrexTypes import py_object_type, typecast
+        py_none = typecast(type, py_object_type, "Py_None")
+        if nanny:
+            self.putln("%s = %s; __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None);" % (cname, py_none))
+        else:
+            self.putln("%s = %s; Py_INCREF(Py_None);" % (cname, py_none))
+
+    def put_init_var_to_py_none(self, entry, template = "%s", nanny=True):
+        code = template % entry.cname
+        #if entry.type.is_extension_type:
+        #    code = "((PyObject*)%s)" % code
+        self.put_init_to_py_none(code, entry.type, nanny)
+        if entry.in_closure:
+            self.put_giveref('Py_None')
+
+    def put_pymethoddef(self, entry, term, allow_skip=True):
+        if entry.is_special or entry.name == '__getattribute__':
+            if entry.name not in ['__cinit__', '__dealloc__', '__richcmp__', '__next__', '__getreadbuffer__', '__getwritebuffer__', '__getsegcount__', '__getcharbuffer__', '__getbuffer__', '__releasebuffer__']:
+                if entry.name == '__getattr__' and not self.globalstate.directives['fast_getattr']:
+                    pass
+                # Python's typeobject.c will automatically fill in our slot
+                # in add_operators() (called by PyType_Ready) with a value
+                # that's better than ours.
+                elif allow_skip:
+                    return
+        from TypeSlots import method_coexist
+        if entry.doc:
+            doc_code = entry.doc_cname
+        else:
+            doc_code = 0
+        method_flags = entry.signature.method_flags()
+        if method_flags:
+            if entry.is_special:
+                method_flags += [method_coexist]
+            self.putln(
+                '{__Pyx_NAMESTR("%s"), (PyCFunction)%s, %s, __Pyx_DOCSTR(%s)}%s' % (
+                    entry.name,
+                    entry.func_cname,
+                    "|".join(method_flags),
+                    doc_code,
+                    term))
+
+    # GIL methods
+
+    def put_ensure_gil(self, declare_gilstate=True, variable=None):
+        """
+        Acquire the GIL. The generated code is safe even when no PyThreadState
+        has been allocated for this thread (for threads not initialized by
+        using the Python API). Additionally, the code generated by this method
+        may be called recursively.
+        """
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("ForceInitThreads", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        if not variable:
+            variable = '__pyx_gilstate_save'
+            if declare_gilstate:
+                self.put("PyGILState_STATE ")
+        self.putln("%s = PyGILState_Ensure();" % variable)
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_release_ensured_gil(self, variable=None):
+        """
+        Releases the GIL, corresponds to `put_ensure_gil`.
+        """
+        if not variable:
+            variable = '__pyx_gilstate_save'
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("PyGILState_Release(%s);" % variable)
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_acquire_gil(self, variable=None):
+        """
+        Acquire the GIL. The thread's thread state must have been initialized
+        by a previous `put_release_gil`
+        """
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        if variable:
+            self.putln('_save = %s;' % variable)
+        self.putln("Py_BLOCK_THREADS")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_release_gil(self, variable=None):
+        "Release the GIL, corresponds to `put_acquire_gil`."
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("PyThreadState *_save;")
+        self.putln("Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS")
+        if variable:
+            self.putln('%s = _save;' % variable)
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def declare_gilstate(self):
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("PyGILState_STATE __pyx_gilstate_save;")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    # error handling
+
+    def put_error_if_neg(self, pos, value):
+#        return self.putln("if (unlikely(%s < 0)) %s" % (value, self.error_goto(pos)))  # TODO this path is almost _never_ taken, yet this macro makes is slower!
+        return self.putln("if (%s < 0) %s" % (value, self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def put_error_if_unbound(self, pos, entry, in_nogil_context=False):
+        import ExprNodes
+        if entry.from_closure:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_closure_name_error_utility_code)
+        elif entry.type.is_memoryviewslice and in_nogil_context:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseUnboundMemoryviewSliceNogil'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_unbound_memoryview_utility_code_nogil)
+        else:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseUnboundLocalError'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_unbound_local_error_utility_code)
+
+        self.putln('if (unlikely(!%s)) { %s("%s"); %s }' % (
+                                entry.type.check_for_null_code(entry.cname),
+                                func,
+                                entry.name,
+                                self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def set_error_info(self, pos, used=False):
+        self.funcstate.should_declare_error_indicator = True
+        if used:
+            self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        if self.c_line_in_traceback:
+            cinfo = " %s = %s;" % (Naming.clineno_cname, Naming.line_c_macro)
+        else:
+            cinfo = ""
+
+        return "%s = %s[%s]; %s = %s;%s" % (
+            Naming.filename_cname,
+            Naming.filetable_cname,
+            self.lookup_filename(pos[0]),
+            Naming.lineno_cname,
+            pos[1],
+            cinfo)
+
+    def error_goto(self, pos):
+        lbl = self.funcstate.error_label
+        self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+        return "{%s goto %s;}" % (
+            self.set_error_info(pos),
+            lbl)
+
+    def error_goto_if(self, cond, pos):
+        return "if (%s) %s" % (self.unlikely(cond), self.error_goto(pos))
+
+    def error_goto_if_null(self, cname, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("!%s" % cname, pos)
+
+    def error_goto_if_neg(self, cname, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("%s < 0" % cname, pos)
+
+    def error_goto_if_PyErr(self, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("PyErr_Occurred()", pos)
+
+    def lookup_filename(self, filename):
+        return self.globalstate.lookup_filename(filename)
+
+    def put_declare_refcount_context(self):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations')
+
+    def put_setup_refcount_context(self, name, acquire_gil=False):
+        if acquire_gil:
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                UtilityCode.load_cached("ForceInitThreads", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln('__Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("%s", %d);' % (name, acquire_gil and 1 or 0))
+
+    def put_finish_refcount_context(self):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext();")
+
+    def put_add_traceback(self, qualified_name):
+        """
+        Build a Python traceback for propagating exceptions.
+
+        qualified_name should be the qualified name of the function.
+        """
+        format_tuple = (
+            qualified_name,
+            Naming.clineno_cname,
+            Naming.lineno_cname,
+            Naming.filename_cname,
+        )
+        self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        self.putln('__Pyx_AddTraceback("%s", %s, %s, %s);' % format_tuple)
+
+    def put_unraisable(self, qualified_name):
+        """
+        Generate code to print a Python warning for an unraisable exception.
+
+        qualified_name should be the qualified name of the function.
+        """
+        format_tuple = (
+            qualified_name,
+            Naming.clineno_cname,
+            Naming.lineno_cname,
+            Naming.filename_cname,
+            int(self.globalstate.directives['unraisable_tracebacks'])
+        )
+        self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        self.putln('__Pyx_WriteUnraisable("%s", %s, %s, %s, %s);' % format_tuple)
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("WriteUnraisableException", "Exceptions.c"))
+
+    def put_trace_declarations(self):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_TraceDeclarations')
+
+    def put_trace_call(self, name, pos):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_TraceCall("%s", %s[%s], %s);' % (name, Naming.filetable_cname, self.lookup_filename(pos[0]), pos[1]))
+
+    def put_trace_exception(self):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_TraceException();")
+
+    def put_trace_return(self, retvalue_cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_TraceReturn(%s);" % retvalue_cname)
+
+    def putln_openmp(self, string):
+        self.putln("#ifdef _OPENMP")
+        self.putln(string)
+        self.putln("#endif /* _OPENMP */")
+
+    def undef_builtin_expect(self, cond):
+        """
+        Redefine the macros likely() and unlikely to no-ops, depending on
+        condition 'cond'
+        """
+        self.putln("#if %s" % cond)
+        self.putln("    #undef likely")
+        self.putln("    #undef unlikely")
+        self.putln("    #define likely(x)   (x)")
+        self.putln("    #define unlikely(x) (x)")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def redef_builtin_expect(self, cond):
+        self.putln("#if %s" % cond)
+        self.putln("    #undef likely")
+        self.putln("    #undef unlikely")
+        self.putln("    #define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)")
+        self.putln("    #define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+class PyrexCodeWriter(object):
+    # f                file      output file
+    # level            int       indentation level
+
+    def __init__(self, outfile_name):
+        self.f = Utils.open_new_file(outfile_name)
+        self.level = 0
+
+    def putln(self, code):
+        self.f.write("%s%s\n" % (" " * self.level, code))
+
+    def indent(self):
+        self.level += 1
+
+    def dedent(self):
+        self.level -= 1
+
+class PyxCodeWriter(object):
+    """
+    Can be used for writing out some Cython code. To use the indenter
+    functionality, the Cython.Compiler.Importer module will have to be used
+    to load the code to support python 2.4
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, buffer=None, indent_level=0, context=None, encoding='ascii'):
+        self.buffer = buffer or StringIOTree()
+        self.level = indent_level
+        self.context = context
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+    def indent(self, levels=1):
+        self.level += levels
+        return True
+
+    def dedent(self, levels=1):
+        self.level -= levels
+
+    def indenter(self, line):
+        """
+        Instead of
+
+            with pyx_code.indenter("for i in range(10):"):
+                pyx_code.putln("print i")
+
+        write
+
+            if pyx_code.indenter("for i in range(10);"):
+                pyx_code.putln("print i")
+                pyx_code.dedent()
+        """
+        self.putln(line)
+        self.indent()
+        return True
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        result = self.buffer.getvalue()
+        if not isinstance(result, unicode):
+            result = result.decode(self.encoding)
+
+        return result
+
+    def putln(self, line, context=None):
+        context = context or self.context
+        if context:
+            line = sub_tempita(line, context)
+        self._putln(line)
+
+    def _putln(self, line):
+        self.buffer.write("%s%s\n" % (self.level * "    ", line))
+
+    def put_chunk(self, chunk, context=None):
+        context = context or self.context
+        if context:
+            chunk = sub_tempita(chunk, context)
+
+        chunk = textwrap.dedent(chunk)
+        for line in chunk.splitlines():
+            self._putln(line)
+
+    def insertion_point(self):
+        return PyxCodeWriter(self.buffer.insertion_point(), self.level,
+                             self.context)
+
+    def named_insertion_point(self, name):
+        setattr(self, name, self.insertion_point())
+
+
+class ClosureTempAllocator(object):
+    def __init__(self, klass):
+        self.klass = klass
+        self.temps_allocated = {}
+        self.temps_free = {}
+        self.temps_count = 0
+
+    def reset(self):
+        for type, cnames in self.temps_allocated.items():
+            self.temps_free[type] = list(cnames)
+
+    def allocate_temp(self, type):
+        if not type in self.temps_allocated:
+            self.temps_allocated[type] = []
+            self.temps_free[type] = []
+        elif self.temps_free[type]:
+            return self.temps_free[type].pop(0)
+        cname = '%s%d' % (Naming.codewriter_temp_prefix, self.temps_count)
+        self.klass.declare_var(pos=None, name=cname, cname=cname, type=type, is_cdef=True)
+        self.temps_allocated[type].append(cname)
+        self.temps_count += 1
+        return cname