Parser: Delay internalizing strings and values.

src/parser.cc

 // Copyright 2012 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
 #include "src/v8.h"
 
 #include "src/api.h"
 #include "src/ast.h"
 #include "src/bootstrapper.h"
 #include "src/char-predicates-inl.h"
@@ skipping 308 matching lines @@
   return store_[PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + position];
 }
 
 
 unsigned* ScriptData::ReadAddress(int position) const {
   return &store_[PreparseDataConstants::kHeaderSize + position];
 }
 
 
 Scope* Parser::NewScope(Scope* parent, ScopeType scope_type) {
-  Scope* result = new(zone()) Scope(parent, scope_type, zone());
+  ASSERT(ast_value_factory_);
+  Scope* result =
+      new (zone()) Scope(parent, scope_type, ast_value_factory_, zone());
   result->Initialize();
   return result;
 }
 
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Target is a support class to facilitate manipulation of the
 // Parser's target_stack_ (the stack of potential 'break' and
 // 'continue' statement targets). Upon construction, a new target is
 // added; it is removed upon destruction.
@@ skipping 52 matching lines @@
 
 #define CHECK_FAILED  /**/);   \
   if (failed_) return NULL; \
   ((void)0
 #define DUMMY )  // to make indentation work
 #undef DUMMY
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Implementation of Parser
 
-bool ParserTraits::IsEvalOrArguments(Handle<String> identifier) const {
-  Factory* factory = parser_->isolate()->factory();
-  return identifier.is_identical_to(factory->eval_string())
-      || identifier.is_identical_to(factory->arguments_string());
+bool ParserTraits::IsEvalOrArguments(const AstString* identifier) const {
+  return identifier == parser_->ast_value_factory_->eval_string() ||
+         identifier == parser_->ast_value_factory_->arguments_string();
 }
 
 
 bool ParserTraits::IsThisProperty(Expression* expression) {
   ASSERT(expression != NULL);
   Property* property = expression->AsProperty();
   return property != NULL &&
       property->obj()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
       property->obj()->AsVariableProxy()->is_this();
 }
 
 
 bool ParserTraits::IsIdentifier(Expression* expression) {
   VariableProxy* operand = expression->AsVariableProxy();
   return operand != NULL && !operand->is_this();
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::PushPropertyName(FuncNameInferrer* fni,
                                     Expression* expression) {
   if (expression->IsPropertyName()) {
-    fni->PushLiteralName(expression->AsLiteral()->AsPropertyName());
+    fni->PushLiteralName(expression->AsLiteral()->AsRawPropertyName());
   } else {
     fni->PushLiteralName(
-        parser_->isolate()->factory()->anonymous_function_string());
+        parser_->ast_value_factory_->anonymous_function_string());
   }
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::CheckAssigningFunctionLiteralToProperty(Expression* left,
                                                            Expression* right) {
   ASSERT(left != NULL);
   if (left->AsProperty() != NULL &&
       right->AsFunctionLiteral() != NULL) {
     right->AsFunctionLiteral()->set_pretenure();
   }
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::CheckPossibleEvalCall(Expression* expression,
                                          Scope* scope) {
   VariableProxy* callee = expression->AsVariableProxy();
   if (callee != NULL &&
-      callee->IsVariable(parser_->isolate()->factory()->eval_string())) {
+      callee->raw_name() == parser_->ast_value_factory_->eval_string()) {
     scope->DeclarationScope()->RecordEvalCall();
   }
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::MarkExpressionAsLValue(Expression* expression) {
   VariableProxy* proxy = expression != NULL
       ? expression->AsVariableProxy()
       : NULL;
   if (proxy != NULL) proxy->MarkAsLValue();
   return expression;
 }
 
 
 bool ParserTraits::ShortcutNumericLiteralBinaryExpression(
     Expression** x, Expression* y, Token::Value op, int pos,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
-  if ((*x)->AsLiteral() && (*x)->AsLiteral()->value()->IsNumber() &&
-      y->AsLiteral() && y->AsLiteral()->value()->IsNumber()) {
-    double x_val = (*x)->AsLiteral()->value()->Number();
-    double y_val = y->AsLiteral()->value()->Number();
+  if ((*x)->AsLiteral() && (*x)->AsLiteral()->raw_value()->IsNumber() &&
+      y->AsLiteral() && y->AsLiteral()->raw_value()->IsNumber()) {
+    double x_val = (*x)->AsLiteral()->raw_value()->AsNumber();
+    double y_val = y->AsLiteral()->raw_value()->AsNumber();
     switch (op) {
       case Token::ADD:
         *x = factory->NewNumberLiteral(x_val + y_val, pos);
         return true;
       case Token::SUB:
         *x = factory->NewNumberLiteral(x_val - y_val, pos);
         return true;
       case Token::MUL:
         *x = factory->NewNumberLiteral(x_val * y_val, pos);
         return true;
@@ skipping 38 matching lines @@
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::BuildUnaryExpression(
     Expression* expression, Token::Value op, int pos,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
   ASSERT(expression != NULL);
   if (expression->IsLiteral()) {
-    Handle<Object> literal = expression->AsLiteral()->value();
+    const AstValue* literal = expression->AsLiteral()->raw_value();
     if (op == Token::NOT) {
       // Convert the literal to a boolean condition and negate it.
       bool condition = literal->BooleanValue();
-      Handle<Object> result =
-          parser_->isolate()->factory()->ToBoolean(!condition);
-      return factory->NewLiteral(result, pos);
+      return factory->NewBooleanLiteral(!condition, pos);
     } else if (literal->IsNumber()) {
       // Compute some expressions involving only number literals.
-      double value = literal->Number();
+      double value = literal->AsNumber();
       switch (op) {
         case Token::ADD:
           return expression;
         case Token::SUB:
           return factory->NewNumberLiteral(-value, pos);
         case Token::BIT_NOT:
           return factory->NewNumberLiteral(~DoubleToInt32(value), pos);
         default:
           break;
       }
@@ skipping 13 matching lines @@
   if (op == Token::BIT_NOT) {
     return factory->NewBinaryOperation(
         Token::BIT_XOR, expression, factory->NewNumberLiteral(~0, pos), pos);
   }
   return factory->NewUnaryOperation(op, expression, pos);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::NewThrowReferenceError(const char* message, int pos) {
   return NewThrowError(
-      parser_->isolate()->factory()->MakeReferenceError_string(),
-      message, HandleVector<Object>(NULL, 0), pos);
+      parser_->ast_value_factory_->make_reference_error_string(), message, NULL,
+      pos);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::NewThrowSyntaxError(
-    const char* message, Handle<Object> arg, int pos) {
-  int argc = arg.is_null() ? 0 : 1;
-  Vector< Handle<Object> > arguments = HandleVector<Object>(&arg, argc);
-  return NewThrowError(
-      parser_->isolate()->factory()->MakeSyntaxError_string(),
-      message, arguments, pos);
+    const char* message, const AstString* arg, int pos) {
+  return NewThrowError(parser_->ast_value_factory_->make_syntax_error_string(),
+                       message, arg, pos);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::NewThrowTypeError(
-    const char* message, Handle<Object> arg, int pos) {
-  int argc = arg.is_null() ? 0 : 1;
-  Vector< Handle<Object> > arguments = HandleVector<Object>(&arg, argc);
-  return NewThrowError(
-      parser_->isolate()->factory()->MakeTypeError_string(),
-      message, arguments, pos);
+    const char* message, const AstString* arg, int pos) {
+  return NewThrowError(parser_->ast_value_factory_->make_type_error_string(),
+                       message, arg, pos);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::NewThrowError(
-    Handle<String> constructor, const char* message,
-    Vector<Handle<Object> > arguments, int pos) {
+    const AstString* constructor, const char* message,
+    const AstString* arg, int pos) {
   Zone* zone = parser_->zone();
-  Factory* factory = parser_->isolate()->factory();
-  int argc = arguments.length();
-  Handle<FixedArray> elements = factory->NewFixedArray(argc, TENURED);
-  for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-    Handle<Object> element = arguments[i];
-    if (!element.is_null()) {
-      elements->set(i, *element);
-    }
+  int argc = arg != NULL ? 1 : 0;
+  const AstString* type =
+      parser_->ast_value_factory_->GetOneByteString(Vector<const uint8_t>(
+          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(message), StrLength(message)));
+  ZoneList<const AstString*>* array =
+      new (zone) ZoneList<const AstString*>(argc, zone);
+  if (arg != NULL) {
+    array->Add(arg, zone);
   }
-  Handle<JSArray> array =
-      factory->NewJSArrayWithElements(elements, FAST_ELEMENTS, TENURED);
-
-  ZoneList<Expression*>* args = new(zone) ZoneList<Expression*>(2, zone);
-  Handle<String> type = factory->InternalizeUtf8String(message);
-  args->Add(parser_->factory()->NewLiteral(type, pos), zone);
-  args->Add(parser_->factory()->NewLiteral(array, pos), zone);
+  ZoneList<Expression*>* args = new (zone) ZoneList<Expression*>(2, zone);
+  args->Add(parser_->factory()->NewStringLiteral(type, pos), zone);
+  args->Add(parser_->factory()->NewStringListLiteral(array, pos), zone);
   CallRuntime* call_constructor =
       parser_->factory()->NewCallRuntime(constructor, NULL, args, pos);
   return parser_->factory()->NewThrow(call_constructor, pos);
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::ReportMessageAt(Scanner::Location source_location,
                                    const char* message,
                                    const char* arg,
                                    bool is_reference_error) {
   if (parser_->stack_overflow()) {
     // Suppress the error message (syntax error or such) in the presence of a
     // stack overflow. The isolate allows only one pending exception at at time
     // and we want to report the stack overflow later.
     return;
   }
   parser_->has_pending_error_ = true;
   parser_->pending_error_location_ = source_location;
   parser_->pending_error_message_ = message;
   parser_->pending_error_char_arg_ = arg;
-  parser_->pending_error_arg_ = Handle<String>();
+  parser_->pending_error_arg_ = NULL;
   parser_->pending_error_is_reference_error_ = is_reference_error;
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::ReportMessage(const char* message,
-                                 MaybeHandle<String> arg,
+                                 const char* arg,
                                  bool is_reference_error) {
   Scanner::Location source_location = parser_->scanner()->location();
   ReportMessageAt(source_location, message, arg, is_reference_error);
+}
+
+
+void ParserTraits::ReportMessage(const char* message,
+                                 const AstString* arg,
+                                 bool is_reference_error) {
+  Scanner::Location source_location = parser_->scanner()->location();
+  ReportMessageAt(source_location, message, arg, is_reference_error);
 }
 
 
 void ParserTraits::ReportMessageAt(Scanner::Location source_location,
                                    const char* message,
-                                   MaybeHandle<String> arg,
+                                   const AstString* arg,
                                    bool is_reference_error) {
   if (parser_->stack_overflow()) {
     // Suppress the error message (syntax error or such) in the presence of a
     // stack overflow. The isolate allows only one pending exception at at time
     // and we want to report the stack overflow later.
     return;
   }
   parser_->has_pending_error_ = true;
   parser_->pending_error_location_ = source_location;
   parser_->pending_error_message_ = message;
   parser_->pending_error_char_arg_ = NULL;
   parser_->pending_error_arg_ = arg;
   parser_->pending_error_is_reference_error_ = is_reference_error;
 }
 
 
-Handle<String> ParserTraits::GetSymbol(Scanner* scanner) {
-  Handle<String> result =
-      parser_->scanner()->AllocateInternalizedString(parser_->isolate());
-  ASSERT(!result.is_null());
+const AstString* ParserTraits::GetSymbol(Scanner* scanner) {
+  const AstString* result =
+      parser_->scanner()->CurrentSymbol(parser_->ast_value_factory_);
+  ASSERT(result != NULL);
   return result;
 }
 
 
-Handle<String> ParserTraits::NextLiteralString(Scanner* scanner,
-                                               PretenureFlag tenured) {
-  return scanner->AllocateNextLiteralString(parser_->isolate(), tenured);
+const AstString* ParserTraits::GetNextSymbol(Scanner* scanner) {
+  return parser_->scanner()->NextSymbol(parser_->ast_value_factory_);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::ThisExpression(
     Scope* scope,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
   return factory->NewVariableProxy(scope->receiver());
 }
 
 
 Literal* ParserTraits::ExpressionFromLiteral(
     Token::Value token, int pos,
     Scanner* scanner,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
-  Factory* isolate_factory = parser_->isolate()->factory();
   switch (token) {
     case Token::NULL_LITERAL:
-      return factory->NewLiteral(isolate_factory->null_value(), pos);
+      return factory->NewSpecialLiteral(

[rossberg, 2014/06/12 12:20:28]

Nit: just for symmetry, I would wrap this up into a NewNullLiteral.

[marja, 2014/06/12 12:35:03]

Done.

+          parser_->ast_value_factory_->NewNull(), pos);
     case Token::TRUE_LITERAL:
-      return factory->NewLiteral(isolate_factory->true_value(), pos);
+      return factory->NewBooleanLiteral(true, pos);
     case Token::FALSE_LITERAL:
-      return factory->NewLiteral(isolate_factory->false_value(), pos);
+      return factory->NewBooleanLiteral(false, pos);
     case Token::NUMBER: {
       double value = scanner->DoubleValue();
       return factory->NewNumberLiteral(value, pos);
     }
     default:
       ASSERT(false);
   }
   return NULL;
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::ExpressionFromIdentifier(
-    Handle<String> name, int pos, Scope* scope,
+    const AstString* name, int pos, Scope* scope,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
   if (parser_->fni_ != NULL) parser_->fni_->PushVariableName(name);
   // The name may refer to a module instance object, so its type is unknown.
 #ifdef DEBUG
   if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-    PrintF("# Variable %s ", name->ToAsciiArray());
+    PrintF("# Variable %.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
 #endif
   Interface* interface = Interface::NewUnknown(parser_->zone());
   return scope->NewUnresolved(factory, name, interface, pos);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::ExpressionFromString(
     int pos, Scanner* scanner,
     AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
-  Handle<String> symbol = GetSymbol(scanner);
+  const AstString* symbol = GetSymbol(scanner);
   if (parser_->fni_ != NULL) parser_->fni_->PushLiteralName(symbol);
-  return factory->NewLiteral(symbol, pos);
+  return factory->NewStringLiteral(symbol, pos);
 }
 
 
 Literal* ParserTraits::GetLiteralTheHole(
     int position, AstNodeFactory<AstConstructionVisitor>* factory) {
-  return factory->NewLiteral(parser_->isolate()->factory()->the_hole_value(),
-                             RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+  return factory->NewSpecialLiteral(

[rossberg, 2014/06/12 12:20:28]

...and similarly here.

[marja, 2014/06/12 12:35:03]

Done.

+      parser_->ast_value_factory_->NewTheHole(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
 }
 
 
 Expression* ParserTraits::ParseV8Intrinsic(bool* ok) {
   return parser_->ParseV8Intrinsic(ok);
 }
 
 
 FunctionLiteral* ParserTraits::ParseFunctionLiteral(
-    Handle<String> name,
+    const AstString* name,
     Scanner::Location function_name_location,
     bool name_is_strict_reserved,
     bool is_generator,
     int function_token_position,
     FunctionLiteral::FunctionType type,
     bool* ok) {
   return parser_->ParseFunctionLiteral(name, function_name_location,
                                        name_is_strict_reserved, is_generator,
                                        function_token_position, type, ok);
 }
 
 
 Parser::Parser(CompilationInfo* info)
     : ParserBase<ParserTraits>(&scanner_,
                                info->isolate()->stack_guard()->real_climit(),
                                info->extension(),
                                NULL,
                                info->zone(),
                                this),
       isolate_(info->isolate()),
       script_(info->script()),
       scanner_(isolate_->unicode_cache()),
       reusable_preparser_(NULL),
       original_scope_(NULL),
       target_stack_(NULL),
       cached_data_(NULL),
       cached_data_mode_(NO_CACHED_DATA),
+      ast_value_factory_(NULL),
       info_(info),
       has_pending_error_(false),
       pending_error_message_(NULL),
+      pending_error_arg_(NULL),
       pending_error_char_arg_(NULL) {
   ASSERT(!script_.is_null());
   isolate_->set_ast_node_id(0);
   set_allow_harmony_scoping(!info->is_native() && FLAG_harmony_scoping);
   set_allow_modules(!info->is_native() && FLAG_harmony_modules);
   set_allow_natives_syntax(FLAG_allow_natives_syntax || info->is_native());
   set_allow_lazy(false);  // Must be explicitly enabled.
   set_allow_generators(FLAG_harmony_generators);
   set_allow_for_of(FLAG_harmony_iteration);
   set_allow_harmony_numeric_literals(FLAG_harmony_numeric_literals);
 }
 
 
 FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseProgram() {
   // TODO(bmeurer): We temporarily need to pass allow_nesting = true here,
   // see comment for HistogramTimerScope class.
   HistogramTimerScope timer_scope(isolate()->counters()->parse(), true);
   Handle<String> source(String::cast(script_->source()));
   isolate()->counters()->total_parse_size()->Increment(source->length());
   ElapsedTimer timer;
   if (FLAG_trace_parse) {
     timer.Start();
   }
-  fni_ = new(zone()) FuncNameInferrer(isolate(), zone());
+  fni_ = new(zone()) FuncNameInferrer(ast_value_factory_, zone());
 
   // Initialize parser state.
   CompleteParserRecorder recorder;
   if (cached_data_mode_ == PRODUCE_CACHED_DATA) {
     log_ = &recorder;
   } else if (cached_data_mode_ == CONSUME_CACHED_DATA) {
     (*cached_data_)->Initialize();
   }
 
   source = String::Flatten(source);
@@ skipping 34 matching lines @@
   }
   return result;
 }
 
 
 FunctionLiteral* Parser::DoParseProgram(CompilationInfo* info,
                                         Handle<String> source) {
   ASSERT(scope_ == NULL);
   ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);
 
-  Handle<String> no_name = isolate()->factory()->empty_string();
-
   FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;
   { Scope* scope = NewScope(scope_, GLOBAL_SCOPE);
     info->SetGlobalScope(scope);
     if (!info->context().is_null()) {
       scope = Scope::DeserializeScopeChain(*info->context(), scope, zone());
+      // The Scope is backed up by ScopeInfo (which is in the V8 heap); this
+      // means the Parser cannot operate independent of the V8 heap. Tell the
+      // string table to internalize strings and values right after they're
+      // created.
+      ast_value_factory_->Internalize(isolate());
     }
     original_scope_ = scope;
     if (info->is_eval()) {
       if (!scope->is_global_scope() || info->strict_mode() == STRICT) {
         scope = NewScope(scope, EVAL_SCOPE);
       }
     } else if (info->is_global()) {
       scope = NewScope(scope, GLOBAL_SCOPE);
     }
     scope->set_start_position(0);
     scope->set_end_position(source->length());
 
     // Compute the parsing mode.
     Mode mode = (FLAG_lazy && allow_lazy()) ? PARSE_LAZILY : PARSE_EAGERLY;
     if (allow_natives_syntax() ||
         extension_ != NULL ||
         scope->is_eval_scope()) {
       mode = PARSE_EAGERLY;
     }
     ParsingModeScope parsing_mode(this, mode);
 
     // Enters 'scope'.
-    FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone());
+    FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone(),
+                                 ast_value_factory_);
 
     scope_->SetStrictMode(info->strict_mode());
     ZoneList<Statement*>* body = new(zone()) ZoneList<Statement*>(16, zone());
     bool ok = true;
     int beg_pos = scanner()->location().beg_pos;
     ParseSourceElements(body, Token::EOS, info->is_eval(), true, &ok);
     if (ok && strict_mode() == STRICT) {
       CheckOctalLiteral(beg_pos, scanner()->location().end_pos, &ok);
     }
 
     if (ok && allow_harmony_scoping() && strict_mode() == STRICT) {
       CheckConflictingVarDeclarations(scope_, &ok);
     }
 
     if (ok && info->parse_restriction() == ONLY_SINGLE_FUNCTION_LITERAL) {
       if (body->length() != 1 ||
           !body->at(0)->IsExpressionStatement() ||
           !body->at(0)->AsExpressionStatement()->
               expression()->IsFunctionLiteral()) {
         ReportMessage("single_function_literal");
         ok = false;
       }
     }
 
     if (ok) {
       result = factory()->NewFunctionLiteral(
-          no_name,
+          ast_value_factory_->empty_string(),
+          ast_value_factory_,
           scope_,
           body,
           function_state.materialized_literal_count(),
           function_state.expected_property_count(),
           function_state.handler_count(),
           0,
           FunctionLiteral::kNoDuplicateParameters,
           FunctionLiteral::ANONYMOUS_EXPRESSION,
           FunctionLiteral::kGlobalOrEval,
           FunctionLiteral::kNotParenthesized,
@@ skipping 51 matching lines @@
 }
 
 
 FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseLazy(Utf16CharacterStream* source) {
   Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared_info = info()->shared_info();
   scanner_.Initialize(source);
   ASSERT(scope_ == NULL);
   ASSERT(target_stack_ == NULL);
 
   Handle<String> name(String::cast(shared_info->name()));
-  fni_ = new(zone()) FuncNameInferrer(isolate(), zone());
-  fni_->PushEnclosingName(name);
+  ASSERT(ast_value_factory_);
+  fni_ = new(zone()) FuncNameInferrer(ast_value_factory_, zone());
+  const AstString* raw_name = ast_value_factory_->GetString(name);
+  fni_->PushEnclosingName(raw_name);
 
   ParsingModeScope parsing_mode(this, PARSE_EAGERLY);
 
   // Place holder for the result.
   FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;
 
   {
     // Parse the function literal.
     Scope* scope = NewScope(scope_, GLOBAL_SCOPE);
     info()->SetGlobalScope(scope);
     if (!info()->closure().is_null()) {
       scope = Scope::DeserializeScopeChain(info()->closure()->context(), scope,
                                            zone());
     }
     original_scope_ = scope;
-    FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone());
+    FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone(),
+                                 ast_value_factory_);
     ASSERT(scope->strict_mode() == SLOPPY || info()->strict_mode() == STRICT);
     ASSERT(info()->strict_mode() == shared_info->strict_mode());
     scope->SetStrictMode(shared_info->strict_mode());
     FunctionLiteral::FunctionType function_type = shared_info->is_expression()
         ? (shared_info->is_anonymous()
               ? FunctionLiteral::ANONYMOUS_EXPRESSION
               : FunctionLiteral::NAMED_EXPRESSION)
         : FunctionLiteral::DECLARATION;
     bool ok = true;
-    result = ParseFunctionLiteral(name,
+    result = ParseFunctionLiteral(raw_name,
                                   Scanner::Location::invalid(),
                                   false,  // Strict mode name already checked.
                                   shared_info->is_generator(),
                                   RelocInfo::kNoPosition,
                                   function_type,
                                   &ok);
     // Make sure the results agree.
     ASSERT(ok == (result != NULL));
   }
 
@@ skipping 48 matching lines @@
       continue;
     }
 
     if (directive_prologue) {
       // A shot at a directive.
       ExpressionStatement* e_stat;
       Literal* literal;
       // Still processing directive prologue?
       if ((e_stat = stat->AsExpressionStatement()) != NULL &&
           (literal = e_stat->expression()->AsLiteral()) != NULL &&
-          literal->value()->IsString()) {
-        Handle<String> directive = Handle<String>::cast(literal->value());
-
+          literal->raw_value()->IsString()) {
         // Check "use strict" directive (ES5 14.1).
         if (strict_mode() == SLOPPY &&
-            String::Equals(isolate()->factory()->use_strict_string(),
-                           directive) &&
-            token_loc.end_pos - token_loc.beg_pos ==
-              isolate()->heap()->use_strict_string()->length() + 2) {
+            literal->raw_value()->AsString() ==
+                ast_value_factory_->use_strict_string() &&
+            token_loc.end_pos - token_loc.beg_pos == 12) {
           // TODO(mstarzinger): Global strict eval calls, need their own scope
           // as specified in ES5 10.4.2(3). The correct fix would be to always
           // add this scope in DoParseProgram(), but that requires adaptations
           // all over the code base, so we go with a quick-fix for now.
           // In the same manner, we have to patch the parsing mode.
           if (is_eval && !scope_->is_eval_scope()) {
             ASSERT(scope_->is_global_scope());
             Scope* scope = NewScope(scope_, EVAL_SCOPE);
             scope->set_start_position(scope_->start_position());
             scope->set_end_position(scope_->end_position());
@@ skipping 10 matching lines @@
       }
     }
 
     processor->Add(stat, zone());
   }
 
   return 0;
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseModuleElement(ZoneStringList* labels,
+Statement* Parser::ParseModuleElement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
                                       bool* ok) {
   // (Ecma 262 5th Edition, clause 14):
   // SourceElement:
   //    Statement
   //    FunctionDeclaration
   //
   // In harmony mode we allow additionally the following productions
   // ModuleElement:
   //    LetDeclaration
   //    ConstDeclaration
@@ skipping 13 matching lines @@
     case Token::EXPORT:
       return ParseExportDeclaration(ok);
     default: {
       Statement* stmt = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
       // Handle 'module' as a context-sensitive keyword.
       if (FLAG_harmony_modules &&
           peek() == Token::IDENTIFIER &&
           !scanner()->HasAnyLineTerminatorBeforeNext() &&
           stmt != NULL) {
         ExpressionStatement* estmt = stmt->AsExpressionStatement();
-        if (estmt != NULL &&
-            estmt->expression()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
-            String::Equals(isolate()->factory()->module_string(),
-                           estmt->expression()->AsVariableProxy()->name()) &&
+        if (estmt != NULL && estmt->expression()->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
+            estmt->expression()->AsVariableProxy()->raw_name() ==
+                ast_value_factory_->module_string() &&
             !scanner()->literal_contains_escapes()) {
           return ParseModuleDeclaration(NULL, ok);
         }
       }
       return stmt;
     }
   }
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseModuleDeclaration(ZoneStringList* names, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseModuleDeclaration(ZoneList<const AstString*>* names,
+                                          bool* ok) {
   // ModuleDeclaration:
   //    'module' Identifier Module
 
   int pos = peek_position();
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
   if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-    PrintF("# Module %s...\n", name->ToAsciiArray());
+    PrintF("# Module %.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
 #endif
 
   Module* module = ParseModule(CHECK_OK);
   VariableProxy* proxy = NewUnresolved(name, MODULE, module->interface());
   Declaration* declaration =
       factory()->NewModuleDeclaration(proxy, module, scope_, pos);
   Declare(declaration, true, CHECK_OK);
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
   if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-    PrintF("# Module %s.\n", name->ToAsciiArray());
-
+    PrintF("# Module %.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
   if (FLAG_print_interfaces) {
-    PrintF("module %s : ", name->ToAsciiArray());
+    PrintF("module %.*s: ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
     module->interface()->Print();
   }
 #endif
 
   if (names) names->Add(name, zone());
   if (module->body() == NULL)
     return factory()->NewEmptyStatement(pos);
   else
     return factory()->NewModuleStatement(proxy, module->body(), pos);
 }
@@ skipping 80 matching lines @@
 
 
 Module* Parser::ParseModulePath(bool* ok) {
   // ModulePath:
   //    Identifier
   //    ModulePath '.' Identifier
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Module* result = ParseModuleVariable(CHECK_OK);
   while (Check(Token::PERIOD)) {
-    Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
+    const AstString* name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
 #ifdef DEBUG
     if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-      PrintF("# Path .%s ", name->ToAsciiArray());
+      PrintF("# Path .%.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
 #endif
     Module* member = factory()->NewModulePath(result, name, pos);
     result->interface()->Add(name, member->interface(), zone(), ok);
     if (!*ok) {
 #ifdef DEBUG
       if (FLAG_print_interfaces) {
-        PrintF("PATH TYPE ERROR at '%s'\n", name->ToAsciiArray());
+        PrintF("PATH TYPE ERROR at '%.*s'\n", name->length(), name->raw_data());
         PrintF("result: ");
         result->interface()->Print();
         PrintF("member: ");
         member->interface()->Print();
       }
 #endif
       ParserTraits::ReportMessage("invalid_module_path", name);
       return NULL;
     }
     result = member;
   }
 
   return result;
 }
 
 
 Module* Parser::ParseModuleVariable(bool* ok) {
   // ModulePath:
   //    Identifier
 
   int pos = peek_position();
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
 #ifdef DEBUG
   if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-    PrintF("# Module variable %s ", name->ToAsciiArray());
+    PrintF("# Module variable %.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
 #endif
   VariableProxy* proxy = scope_->NewUnresolved(
       factory(), name, Interface::NewModule(zone()),
       scanner()->location().beg_pos);
 
   return factory()->NewModuleVariable(proxy, pos);
 }
 
 
 Module* Parser::ParseModuleUrl(bool* ok) {
   // Module:
   //    String
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::STRING, CHECK_OK);
-  Handle<String> symbol = GetSymbol();
+  const AstString* symbol = GetSymbol(scanner());
 
   // TODO(ES6): Request JS resource from environment...
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
   if (FLAG_print_interface_details) PrintF("# Url ");
 #endif
 
   // Create an empty literal as long as the feature isn't finished.
   USE(symbol);
   Scope* scope = NewScope(scope_, MODULE_SCOPE);
@@ skipping 23 matching lines @@
 
 
 Block* Parser::ParseImportDeclaration(bool* ok) {
   // ImportDeclaration:
   //    'import' IdentifierName (',' IdentifierName)* 'from' ModuleSpecifier ';'
   //
   // TODO(ES6): implement destructuring ImportSpecifiers
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::IMPORT, CHECK_OK);
-  ZoneStringList names(1, zone());
+  ZoneList<const AstString*> names(1, zone());
 
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
   names.Add(name, zone());
   while (peek() == Token::COMMA) {
     Consume(Token::COMMA);
     name = ParseIdentifierName(CHECK_OK);
     names.Add(name, zone());
   }
 
   ExpectContextualKeyword(CStrVector("from"), CHECK_OK);
   Module* module = ParseModuleSpecifier(CHECK_OK);
   ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
 
   // Generate a separate declaration for each identifier.
   // TODO(ES6): once we implement destructuring, make that one declaration.
   Block* block = factory()->NewBlock(NULL, 1, true, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); ++i) {
 #ifdef DEBUG
     if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-      PrintF("# Import %s ", names[i]->ToAsciiArray());
+      PrintF("# Import %.*s ", name->length(), name->raw_data());
 #endif
     Interface* interface = Interface::NewUnknown(zone());
     module->interface()->Add(names[i], interface, zone(), ok);
     if (!*ok) {
 #ifdef DEBUG
       if (FLAG_print_interfaces) {
-        PrintF("IMPORT TYPE ERROR at '%s'\n", names[i]->ToAsciiArray());
+        PrintF("IMPORT TYPE ERROR at '%.*s'\n", name->length(),
+               name->raw_data());
         PrintF("module: ");
         module->interface()->Print();
       }
 #endif
       ParserTraits::ReportMessage("invalid_module_path", name);
       return NULL;
     }
     VariableProxy* proxy = NewUnresolved(names[i], LET, interface);
     Declaration* declaration =
         factory()->NewImportDeclaration(proxy, module, scope_, pos);
@@ skipping 10 matching lines @@
   //    'export' VariableDeclaration
   //    'export' FunctionDeclaration
   //    'export' GeneratorDeclaration
   //    'export' ModuleDeclaration
   //
   // TODO(ES6): implement structuring ExportSpecifiers
 
   Expect(Token::EXPORT, CHECK_OK);
 
   Statement* result = NULL;
-  ZoneStringList names(1, zone());
+  ZoneList<const AstString*> names(1, zone());
   switch (peek()) {
     case Token::IDENTIFIER: {
       int pos = position();
-      Handle<String> name =
+      const AstString* name =
           ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
       // Handle 'module' as a context-sensitive keyword.
-      if (!name->IsOneByteEqualTo(STATIC_ASCII_VECTOR("module"))) {
+      if (name != ast_value_factory_->module_string()) {
         names.Add(name, zone());
         while (peek() == Token::COMMA) {
           Consume(Token::COMMA);
           name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
           names.Add(name, zone());
         }
         ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
         result = factory()->NewEmptyStatement(pos);
       } else {
         result = ParseModuleDeclaration(&names, CHECK_OK);
@@ skipping 15 matching lines @@
       *ok = false;
       ReportUnexpectedToken(scanner()->current_token());
       return NULL;
   }
 
   // Extract declared names into export declarations and interface.
   Interface* interface = scope_->interface();
   for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); ++i) {
 #ifdef DEBUG
     if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-      PrintF("# Export %s ", names[i]->ToAsciiArray());
+      PrintF("# Export %.*s ", names[i]->length(), names[i]->raw_data());
 #endif
     Interface* inner = Interface::NewUnknown(zone());
     interface->Add(names[i], inner, zone(), CHECK_OK);
     if (!*ok)
       return NULL;
     VariableProxy* proxy = NewUnresolved(names[i], LET, inner);
     USE(proxy);
     // TODO(rossberg): Rethink whether we actually need to store export
     // declarations (for compilation?).
     // ExportDeclaration* declaration =
     //     factory()->NewExportDeclaration(proxy, scope_, position);
     // scope_->AddDeclaration(declaration);
   }
 
   ASSERT(result != NULL);
   return result;
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseBlockElement(ZoneStringList* labels,
+Statement* Parser::ParseBlockElement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
                                      bool* ok) {
   // (Ecma 262 5th Edition, clause 14):
   // SourceElement:
   //    Statement
   //    FunctionDeclaration
   //
   // In harmony mode we allow additionally the following productions
   // BlockElement (aka SourceElement):
   //    LetDeclaration
   //    ConstDeclaration
   //    GeneratorDeclaration
 
   switch (peek()) {
     case Token::FUNCTION:
       return ParseFunctionDeclaration(NULL, ok);
     case Token::LET:
     case Token::CONST:
       return ParseVariableStatement(kModuleElement, NULL, ok);
     default:
       return ParseStatement(labels, ok);
   }
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                  bool* ok) {
   // Statement ::
   //   Block
   //   VariableStatement
   //   EmptyStatement
   //   ExpressionStatement
   //   IfStatement
   //   IterationStatement
   //   ContinueStatement
   //   BreakStatement
   //   ReturnStatement
@@ skipping 89 matching lines @@
 
     case Token::DEBUGGER:
       return ParseDebuggerStatement(ok);
 
     default:
       return ParseExpressionOrLabelledStatement(labels, ok);
   }
 }
 
 
-VariableProxy* Parser::NewUnresolved(
-    Handle<String> name, VariableMode mode, Interface* interface) {
+VariableProxy* Parser::NewUnresolved(const AstString* name, VariableMode mode,
+                                     Interface* interface) {
   // If we are inside a function, a declaration of a var/const variable is a
   // truly local variable, and the scope of the variable is always the function
   // scope.
   // Let/const variables in harmony mode are always added to the immediately
   // enclosing scope.
   return DeclarationScope(mode)->NewUnresolved(
       factory(), name, interface, position());
 }
 
 
 void Parser::Declare(Declaration* declaration, bool resolve, bool* ok) {
   VariableProxy* proxy = declaration->proxy();
-  Handle<String> name = proxy->name();
+  ASSERT(proxy->raw_name() != NULL);
+  const AstString* name = proxy->raw_name();
   VariableMode mode = declaration->mode();
   Scope* declaration_scope = DeclarationScope(mode);
   Variable* var = NULL;
 
   // If a suitable scope exists, then we can statically declare this
   // variable and also set its mode. In any case, a Declaration node
   // will be added to the scope so that the declaration can be added
   // to the corresponding activation frame at runtime if necessary.
   // For instance declarations inside an eval scope need to be added
   // to the calling function context.
@@ skipping 107 matching lines @@
   // with a context slot index and a context chain length for this
   // initialization code. Thus, inside the 'with' statement, we need
   // both access to the static and the dynamic context chain; the
   // runtime needs to provide both.
   if (resolve && var != NULL) {
     proxy->BindTo(var);
 
     if (FLAG_harmony_modules) {
       bool ok;
 #ifdef DEBUG
-      if (FLAG_print_interface_details)
-        PrintF("# Declare %s\n", var->name()->ToAsciiArray());
+      if (FLAG_print_interface_details) {
+        PrintF("# Declare %.*s ", var->raw_name()->length(),
+               var->raw_name()->raw_data());
+      }
 #endif
       proxy->interface()->Unify(var->interface(), zone(), &ok);
       if (!ok) {
 #ifdef DEBUG
         if (FLAG_print_interfaces) {
           PrintF("DECLARE TYPE ERROR\n");
           PrintF("proxy: ");
           proxy->interface()->Print();
           PrintF("var: ");
           var->interface()->Print();
         }
 #endif
         ParserTraits::ReportMessage("module_type_error", name);
       }
     }
   }
 }
 
 
 // Language extension which is only enabled for source files loaded
 // through the API's extension mechanism.  A native function
 // declaration is resolved by looking up the function through a
 // callback provided by the extension.
 Statement* Parser::ParseNativeDeclaration(bool* ok) {
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::FUNCTION, CHECK_OK);
   // Allow "eval" or "arguments" for backward compatibility.
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   bool done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
   while (!done) {
     ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
     done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
     if (!done) {
       Expect(Token::COMMA, CHECK_OK);
     }
   }
   Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
@@ skipping 14 matching lines @@
   Declare(declaration, true, CHECK_OK);
   NativeFunctionLiteral* lit = factory()->NewNativeFunctionLiteral(
       name, extension_, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   return factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
       factory()->NewAssignment(
           Token::INIT_VAR, proxy, lit, RelocInfo::kNoPosition),
       pos);
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseFunctionDeclaration(ZoneStringList* names, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseFunctionDeclaration(ZoneList<const AstString*>* names,
+                                            bool* ok) {
   // FunctionDeclaration ::
   //   'function' Identifier '(' FormalParameterListopt ')' '{' FunctionBody '}'
   // GeneratorDeclaration ::
   //   'function' '*' Identifier '(' FormalParameterListopt ')'
   //      '{' FunctionBody '}'
   Expect(Token::FUNCTION, CHECK_OK);
   int pos = position();
   bool is_generator = allow_generators() && Check(Token::MUL);
   bool is_strict_reserved = false;
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifierOrStrictReservedWord(
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifierOrStrictReservedWord(
       &is_strict_reserved, CHECK_OK);
   FunctionLiteral* fun = ParseFunctionLiteral(name,
                                               scanner()->location(),
                                               is_strict_reserved,
                                               is_generator,
                                               pos,
                                               FunctionLiteral::DECLARATION,
                                               CHECK_OK);
   // Even if we're not at the top-level of the global or a function
   // scope, we treat it as such and introduce the function with its
   // initial value upon entering the corresponding scope.
   // In extended mode, a function behaves as a lexical binding, except in the
   // global scope.
   VariableMode mode =
       allow_harmony_scoping() &&
       strict_mode() == STRICT && !scope_->is_global_scope() ? LET : VAR;
   VariableProxy* proxy = NewUnresolved(name, mode, Interface::NewValue());
   Declaration* declaration =
       factory()->NewFunctionDeclaration(proxy, mode, fun, scope_, pos);
   Declare(declaration, true, CHECK_OK);
   if (names) names->Add(name, zone());
   return factory()->NewEmptyStatement(RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
 }
 
 
-Block* Parser::ParseBlock(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Block* Parser::ParseBlock(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels, bool* ok) {
   if (allow_harmony_scoping() && strict_mode() == STRICT) {
     return ParseScopedBlock(labels, ok);
   }
 
   // Block ::
   //   '{' Statement* '}'
 
   // Note that a Block does not introduce a new execution scope!
   // (ECMA-262, 3rd, 12.2)
   //
   // Construct block expecting 16 statements.
   Block* result =
       factory()->NewBlock(labels, 16, false, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   Target target(&this->target_stack_, result);
   Expect(Token::LBRACE, CHECK_OK);
   while (peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
     Statement* stat = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
     if (stat && !stat->IsEmpty()) {
       result->AddStatement(stat, zone());
     }
   }
   Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
   return result;
 }
 
 
-Block* Parser::ParseScopedBlock(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Block* Parser::ParseScopedBlock(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels, bool* ok) {
   // The harmony mode uses block elements instead of statements.
   //
   // Block ::
   //   '{' BlockElement* '}'
 
   // Construct block expecting 16 statements.
   Block* body =
       factory()->NewBlock(labels, 16, false, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   Scope* block_scope = NewScope(scope_, BLOCK_SCOPE);
 
@@ skipping 14 matching lines @@
   }
   Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
   block_scope->set_end_position(scanner()->location().end_pos);
   block_scope = block_scope->FinalizeBlockScope();
   body->set_scope(block_scope);
   return body;
 }
 
 
 Block* Parser::ParseVariableStatement(VariableDeclarationContext var_context,
-                                      ZoneStringList* names,
+                                      ZoneList<const AstString*>* names,
                                       bool* ok) {
   // VariableStatement ::
   //   VariableDeclarations ';'
 
-  Handle<String> ignore;
+  const AstString* ignore;
   Block* result =
       ParseVariableDeclarations(var_context, NULL, names, &ignore, CHECK_OK);
   ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
   return result;
 }
 
 
 // If the variable declaration declares exactly one non-const
 // variable, then *out is set to that variable. In all other cases,
 // *out is untouched; in particular, it is the caller's responsibility
 // to initialize it properly. This mechanism is used for the parsing
 // of 'for-in' loops.
 Block* Parser::ParseVariableDeclarations(
     VariableDeclarationContext var_context,
     VariableDeclarationProperties* decl_props,
-    ZoneStringList* names,
-    Handle<String>* out,
+    ZoneList<const AstString*>* names,
+    const AstString** out,
     bool* ok) {
   // VariableDeclarations ::
   //   ('var' | 'const' | 'let') (Identifier ('=' AssignmentExpression)?)+[',']
   //
   // The ES6 Draft Rev3 specifies the following grammar for const declarations
   //
   // ConstDeclaration ::
   //   const ConstBinding (',' ConstBinding)* ';'
   // ConstBinding ::
   //   Identifier '=' AssignmentExpression
@@ skipping 87 matching lines @@
   //
   // We mark the block as initializer block because we don't want the
   // rewriter to add a '.result' assignment to such a block (to get compliant
   // behavior for code such as print(eval('var x = 7')), and for cosmetic
   // reasons when pretty-printing. Also, unless an assignment (initialization)
   // is inside an initializer block, it is ignored.
   //
   // Create new block with one expected declaration.
   Block* block = factory()->NewBlock(NULL, 1, true, pos);
   int nvars = 0;  // the number of variables declared
-  Handle<String> name;
+  const AstString* name = NULL;
   do {
     if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->Enter();
 
     // Parse variable name.
     if (nvars > 0) Consume(Token::COMMA);
     name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
     if (fni_ != NULL) fni_->PushVariableName(name);
 
     // Declare variable.
     // Note that we *always* must treat the initial value via a separate init
@@ skipping 98 matching lines @@
     // properties in the prototype chain, but only after the variable
     // declaration statement has been executed. This is important in
     // browsers where the global object (window) has lots of
     // properties defined in prototype objects.
     if (initialization_scope->is_global_scope() &&
         !IsLexicalVariableMode(mode)) {
       // Compute the arguments for the runtime call.
       ZoneList<Expression*>* arguments =
           new(zone()) ZoneList<Expression*>(3, zone());
       // We have at least 1 parameter.
-      arguments->Add(factory()->NewLiteral(name, pos), zone());
+      arguments->Add(factory()->NewStringLiteral(name, pos), zone());
       CallRuntime* initialize;
 
       if (is_const) {
         arguments->Add(value, zone());
         value = NULL;  // zap the value to avoid the unnecessary assignment
 
         // Construct the call to Runtime_InitializeConstGlobal
         // and add it to the initialization statement block.
         // Note that the function does different things depending on
         // the number of arguments (1 or 2).
         initialize = factory()->NewCallRuntime(
-            isolate()->factory()->InitializeConstGlobal_string(),
+            ast_value_factory_->initialize_const_global_string(),
             Runtime::FunctionForId(Runtime::kHiddenInitializeConstGlobal),
             arguments, pos);
       } else {
         // Add strict mode.
         // We may want to pass singleton to avoid Literal allocations.
         StrictMode strict_mode = initialization_scope->strict_mode();
         arguments->Add(factory()->NewNumberLiteral(strict_mode, pos), zone());
 
         // Be careful not to assign a value to the global variable if
         // we're in a with. The initialization value should not
         // necessarily be stored in the global object in that case,
         // which is why we need to generate a separate assignment node.
         if (value != NULL && !inside_with()) {
           arguments->Add(value, zone());
           value = NULL;  // zap the value to avoid the unnecessary assignment
         }
 
         // Construct the call to Runtime_InitializeVarGlobal
         // and add it to the initialization statement block.
         // Note that the function does different things depending on
         // the number of arguments (2 or 3).
         initialize = factory()->NewCallRuntime(
-            isolate()->factory()->InitializeVarGlobal_string(),
+            ast_value_factory_->initialize_var_global_string(),
             Runtime::FunctionForId(Runtime::kInitializeVarGlobal),
             arguments, pos);
       }
 
       block->AddStatement(
           factory()->NewExpressionStatement(initialize, RelocInfo::kNoPosition),
           zone());
     } else if (needs_init) {
       // Constant initializations always assign to the declared constant which
       // is always at the function scope level. This is only relevant for
@@ skipping 35 matching lines @@
   // If there was a single non-const declaration, return it in the output
   // parameter for possible use by for/in.
   if (nvars == 1 && !is_const) {
     *out = name;
   }
 
   return block;
 }
 
 
-static bool ContainsLabel(ZoneStringList* labels, Handle<String> label) {
-  ASSERT(!label.is_null());
+static bool ContainsLabel(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                          const AstString* label) {
+  ASSERT(label != NULL);
   if (labels != NULL) {
     for (int i = labels->length(); i-- > 0; ) {
-      if (labels->at(i).is_identical_to(label)) {
+      if (labels->at(i) == label) {
         return true;
       }
     }
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseExpressionOrLabelledStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
-                                                      bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseExpressionOrLabelledStatement(
+    ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels, bool* ok) {
   // ExpressionStatement | LabelledStatement ::
   //   Expression ';'
   //   Identifier ':' Statement
   int pos = peek_position();
   bool starts_with_idenfifier = peek_any_identifier();
   Expression* expr = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
   if (peek() == Token::COLON && starts_with_idenfifier && expr != NULL &&
       expr->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
       !expr->AsVariableProxy()->is_this()) {
     // Expression is a single identifier, and not, e.g., a parenthesized
     // identifier.
     VariableProxy* var = expr->AsVariableProxy();
-    Handle<String> label = var->name();
+    const AstString* label = var->raw_name();
     // TODO(1240780): We don't check for redeclaration of labels
     // during preparsing since keeping track of the set of active
     // labels requires nontrivial changes to the way scopes are
     // structured.  However, these are probably changes we want to
     // make later anyway so we should go back and fix this then.
     if (ContainsLabel(labels, label) || TargetStackContainsLabel(label)) {
       ParserTraits::ReportMessage("label_redeclaration", label);
       *ok = false;
       return NULL;
     }
     if (labels == NULL) {
-      labels = new(zone()) ZoneStringList(4, zone());
+      labels = new(zone()) ZoneList<const AstString*>(4, zone());
     }
     labels->Add(label, zone());
     // Remove the "ghost" variable that turned out to be a label
     // from the top scope. This way, we don't try to resolve it
     // during the scope processing.
     scope_->RemoveUnresolved(var);
     Expect(Token::COLON, CHECK_OK);
     return ParseStatement(labels, ok);
   }
 
   // If we have an extension, we allow a native function declaration.
   // A native function declaration starts with "native function" with
   // no line-terminator between the two words.
   if (extension_ != NULL &&
       peek() == Token::FUNCTION &&
       !scanner()->HasAnyLineTerminatorBeforeNext() &&
       expr != NULL &&
       expr->AsVariableProxy() != NULL &&
-      String::Equals(isolate()->factory()->native_string(),
-                     expr->AsVariableProxy()->name()) &&
+      expr->AsVariableProxy()->raw_name() ==
+          ast_value_factory_->native_string() &&
       !scanner()->literal_contains_escapes()) {
     return ParseNativeDeclaration(ok);
   }
 
   // Parsed expression statement, or the context-sensitive 'module' keyword.
   // Only expect semicolon in the former case.
   if (!FLAG_harmony_modules ||
       peek() != Token::IDENTIFIER ||
       scanner()->HasAnyLineTerminatorBeforeNext() ||
       expr->AsVariableProxy() == NULL ||
-      !String::Equals(isolate()->factory()->module_string(),
-                      expr->AsVariableProxy()->name()) ||
+      expr->AsVariableProxy()->raw_name() !=
+          ast_value_factory_->module_string() ||
       scanner()->literal_contains_escapes()) {
     ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
   }
   return factory()->NewExpressionStatement(expr, pos);
 }
 
 
-IfStatement* Parser::ParseIfStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+IfStatement* Parser::ParseIfStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                      bool* ok) {
   // IfStatement ::
   //   'if' '(' Expression ')' Statement ('else' Statement)?
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::IF, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   Expression* condition = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   Statement* then_statement = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
   Statement* else_statement = NULL;
   if (peek() == Token::ELSE) {
     Next();
     else_statement = ParseStatement(labels, CHECK_OK);
   } else {
     else_statement = factory()->NewEmptyStatement(RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   }
   return factory()->NewIfStatement(
       condition, then_statement, else_statement, pos);
 }
 
 
 Statement* Parser::ParseContinueStatement(bool* ok) {
   // ContinueStatement ::
   //   'continue' Identifier? ';'
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::CONTINUE, CHECK_OK);
-  Handle<String> label = Handle<String>::null();
+  const AstString* label = NULL;
   Token::Value tok = peek();
   if (!scanner()->HasAnyLineTerminatorBeforeNext() &&
       tok != Token::SEMICOLON && tok != Token::RBRACE && tok != Token::EOS) {
     // ECMA allows "eval" or "arguments" as labels even in strict mode.
     label = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
   }
-  IterationStatement* target = NULL;
-  target = LookupContinueTarget(label, CHECK_OK);
+  IterationStatement* target = LookupContinueTarget(label, CHECK_OK);
   if (target == NULL) {
     // Illegal continue statement.
     const char* message = "illegal_continue";
-    if (!label.is_null()) {
+    if (label != NULL) {
       message = "unknown_label";
     }
     ParserTraits::ReportMessage(message, label);
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
   }
   ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
   return factory()->NewContinueStatement(target, pos);
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseBreakStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseBreakStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                       bool* ok) {
   // BreakStatement ::
   //   'break' Identifier? ';'
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::BREAK, CHECK_OK);
-  Handle<String> label;
+  const AstString* label = NULL;
   Token::Value tok = peek();
   if (!scanner()->HasAnyLineTerminatorBeforeNext() &&
       tok != Token::SEMICOLON && tok != Token::RBRACE && tok != Token::EOS) {
     // ECMA allows "eval" or "arguments" as labels even in strict mode.
     label = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
   }
   // Parse labeled break statements that target themselves into
   // empty statements, e.g. 'l1: l2: l3: break l2;'
-  if (!label.is_null() && ContainsLabel(labels, label)) {
+  if (label != NULL && ContainsLabel(labels, label)) {
     ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
     return factory()->NewEmptyStatement(pos);
   }
   BreakableStatement* target = NULL;
   target = LookupBreakTarget(label, CHECK_OK);
   if (target == NULL) {
     // Illegal break statement.
     const char* message = "illegal_break";
-    if (!label.is_null()) {
+    if (label != NULL) {
       message = "unknown_label";
     }
     ParserTraits::ReportMessage(message, label);
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
   }
   ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
   return factory()->NewBreakStatement(target, pos);
 }
 
@@ skipping 33 matching lines @@
   Scope* decl_scope = scope_->DeclarationScope();
   if (decl_scope->is_global_scope() || decl_scope->is_eval_scope()) {
     ReportMessageAt(loc, "illegal_return");
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
   }
   return result;
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseWithStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseWithStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                      bool* ok) {
   // WithStatement ::
   //   'with' '(' Expression ')' Statement
 
   Expect(Token::WITH, CHECK_OK);
   int pos = position();
 
   if (strict_mode() == STRICT) {
     ReportMessage("strict_mode_with");
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
@@ skipping 41 matching lines @@
          peek() != Token::DEFAULT &&
          peek() != Token::RBRACE) {
     Statement* stat = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
     statements->Add(stat, zone());
   }
 
   return factory()->NewCaseClause(label, statements, pos);
 }
 
 
-SwitchStatement* Parser::ParseSwitchStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
-                                              bool* ok) {
+SwitchStatement* Parser::ParseSwitchStatement(
+    ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels, bool* ok) {
   // SwitchStatement ::
   //   'switch' '(' Expression ')' '{' CaseClause* '}'
 
   SwitchStatement* statement =
       factory()->NewSwitchStatement(labels, peek_position());
   Target target(&this->target_stack_, statement);
 
   Expect(Token::SWITCH, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   Expression* tag = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
@@ skipping 62 matching lines @@
   }
 
   // If we can break out from the catch block and there is a finally block,
   // then we will need to collect escaping targets from the catch
   // block. Since we don't know yet if there will be a finally block, we
   // always collect the targets.
   TargetCollector catch_collector(zone());
   Scope* catch_scope = NULL;
   Variable* catch_variable = NULL;
   Block* catch_block = NULL;
-  Handle<String> name;
+  const AstString* name = NULL;
   if (tok == Token::CATCH) {
     Consume(Token::CATCH);
 
     Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
     catch_scope = NewScope(scope_, CATCH_SCOPE);
     catch_scope->set_start_position(scanner()->location().beg_pos);
     name = ParseIdentifier(kDontAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
 
     Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
 
@@ skipping 49 matching lines @@
         index, try_block, finally_block, pos);
     // Combine the jump targets of the try block and the possible catch block.
     try_collector.targets()->AddAll(*catch_collector.targets(), zone());
   }
 
   result->set_escaping_targets(try_collector.targets());
   return result;
 }
 
 
-DoWhileStatement* Parser::ParseDoWhileStatement(ZoneStringList* labels,
-                                                bool* ok) {
+DoWhileStatement* Parser::ParseDoWhileStatement(
+    ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels, bool* ok) {
   // DoStatement ::
   //   'do' Statement 'while' '(' Expression ')' ';'
 
   DoWhileStatement* loop =
       factory()->NewDoWhileStatement(labels, peek_position());
   Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);
 
   Expect(Token::DO, CHECK_OK);
   Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::WHILE, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
 
   Expression* cond = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
 
   // Allow do-statements to be terminated with and without
   // semi-colons. This allows code such as 'do;while(0)return' to
   // parse, which would not be the case if we had used the
   // ExpectSemicolon() functionality here.
   if (peek() == Token::SEMICOLON) Consume(Token::SEMICOLON);
 
   if (loop != NULL) loop->Initialize(cond, body);
   return loop;
 }
 
 
-WhileStatement* Parser::ParseWhileStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+WhileStatement* Parser::ParseWhileStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                            bool* ok) {
   // WhileStatement ::
   //   'while' '(' Expression ')' Statement
 
   WhileStatement* loop = factory()->NewWhileStatement(labels, peek_position());
   Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);
 
   Expect(Token::WHILE, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   Expression* cond = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
@@ skipping 18 matching lines @@
 }
 
 
 void Parser::InitializeForEachStatement(ForEachStatement* stmt,
                                         Expression* each,
                                         Expression* subject,
                                         Statement* body) {
   ForOfStatement* for_of = stmt->AsForOfStatement();
 
   if (for_of != NULL) {
-    Factory* heap_factory = isolate()->factory();
     Variable* iterator = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(
-        heap_factory->dot_iterator_string());
+        ast_value_factory_->dot_iterator_string());
     Variable* result = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(
-        heap_factory->dot_result_string());
+        ast_value_factory_->dot_result_string());
 
     Expression* assign_iterator;
     Expression* next_result;
     Expression* result_done;
     Expression* assign_each;
 
     // var iterator = iterable;
     {
       Expression* iterator_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(iterator);
       assign_iterator = factory()->NewAssignment(
           Token::ASSIGN, iterator_proxy, subject, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     }
 
     // var result = iterator.next();
     {
       Expression* iterator_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(iterator);
-      Expression* next_literal = factory()->NewLiteral(
-          heap_factory->next_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+      Expression* next_literal = factory()->NewStringLiteral(
+          ast_value_factory_->next_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       Expression* next_property = factory()->NewProperty(
           iterator_proxy, next_literal, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       ZoneList<Expression*>* next_arguments =
           new(zone()) ZoneList<Expression*>(0, zone());
       Expression* next_call = factory()->NewCall(
           next_property, next_arguments, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       Expression* result_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(result);
       next_result = factory()->NewAssignment(
           Token::ASSIGN, result_proxy, next_call, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     }
 
     // result.done
     {
-      Expression* done_literal = factory()->NewLiteral(
-          heap_factory->done_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+      Expression* done_literal = factory()->NewStringLiteral(
+          ast_value_factory_->done_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       Expression* result_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(result);
       result_done = factory()->NewProperty(
           result_proxy, done_literal, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     }
 
     // each = result.value
     {
-      Expression* value_literal = factory()->NewLiteral(
-          heap_factory->value_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+      Expression* value_literal = factory()->NewStringLiteral(
+          ast_value_factory_->value_string(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       Expression* result_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(result);
       Expression* result_value = factory()->NewProperty(
           result_proxy, value_literal, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       assign_each = factory()->NewAssignment(
           Token::ASSIGN, each, result_value, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     }
 
     for_of->Initialize(each, subject, body,
                        assign_iterator, next_result, result_done, assign_each);
   } else {
     stmt->Initialize(each, subject, body);
   }
 }
 
 
 Statement* Parser::DesugarLetBindingsInForStatement(
-    Scope* inner_scope, ZoneStringList* names, ForStatement* loop,
-    Statement* init, Expression* cond, Statement* next, Statement* body,
-    bool* ok) {
+    Scope* inner_scope, ZoneList<const AstString*>* names,
+    ForStatement* loop, Statement* init, Expression* cond, Statement* next,
+    Statement* body, bool* ok) {
   // ES6 13.6.3.4 specifies that on each loop iteration the let variables are
   // copied into a new environment. After copying, the "next" statement of the
   // loop is executed to update the loop variables. The loop condition is
   // checked and the loop body is executed.
   //
   // We rewrite a for statement of the form
   //
   //  for (let x = i; cond; next) body
   //
   // into
@@ skipping 20 matching lines @@
   //  }
 
   ASSERT(names->length() > 0);
   Scope* for_scope = scope_;
   ZoneList<Variable*> temps(names->length(), zone());
 
   Block* outer_block = factory()->NewBlock(NULL, names->length() + 3, false,
                                            RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
   outer_block->AddStatement(init, zone());
 
-  Handle<String> temp_name = isolate()->factory()->dot_for_string();
-  Handle<Smi> smi0 = handle(Smi::FromInt(0), isolate());
-  Handle<Smi> smi1 = handle(Smi::FromInt(1), isolate());
-
+  const AstString* temp_name = ast_value_factory_->dot_for_string();
 
   // For each let variable x:
   //   make statement: temp_x = x.
   for (int i = 0; i < names->length(); i++) {
     VariableProxy* proxy =
         NewUnresolved(names->at(i), LET, Interface::NewValue());
     Variable* temp = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(temp_name);
     VariableProxy* temp_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(temp);
     Assignment* assignment = factory()->NewAssignment(
         Token::ASSIGN, temp_proxy, proxy, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     Statement* assignment_statement = factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
         assignment, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     outer_block->AddStatement(assignment_statement, zone());
     temps.Add(temp, zone());
   }
 
   Variable* flag = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(temp_name);
   // Make statement: flag = 1.
   {
     VariableProxy* flag_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(flag);
-    Expression* const1 = factory()->NewLiteral(smi1, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+    Expression* const1 = factory()->NewSmiLiteral(1, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     Assignment* assignment = factory()->NewAssignment(
         Token::ASSIGN, flag_proxy, const1, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     Statement* assignment_statement = factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
         assignment, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     outer_block->AddStatement(assignment_statement, zone());
   }
 
   outer_block->AddStatement(loop, zone());
   outer_block->set_scope(for_scope);
   scope_ = inner_scope;
@@ skipping 19 matching lines @@
         assignment, pos);
     proxy->var()->set_initializer_position(pos);
     inner_block->AddStatement(assignment_statement, zone());
   }
 
   // Make statement: if (flag == 1) { flag = 0; } else { next; }.
   {
     Expression* compare = NULL;
     // Make compare expresion: flag == 1.
     {
-      Expression* const1 = factory()->NewLiteral(smi1, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+      Expression* const1 = factory()->NewSmiLiteral(1, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       VariableProxy* flag_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(flag);
       compare = factory()->NewCompareOperation(
           Token::EQ, flag_proxy, const1, pos);
     }
     Statement* clear_flag = NULL;
     // Make statement: flag = 0.
     {
       VariableProxy* flag_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(flag);
-      Expression* const0 = factory()->NewLiteral(smi0, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+      Expression* const0 = factory()->NewSmiLiteral(0, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       Assignment* assignment = factory()->NewAssignment(
           Token::ASSIGN, flag_proxy, const0, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       clear_flag = factory()->NewExpressionStatement(assignment, pos);
     }
     Statement* clear_flag_or_next = factory()->NewIfStatement(
         compare, clear_flag, next, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     inner_block->AddStatement(clear_flag_or_next, zone());
   }
 
 
   // Make statement: if (cond) { } else { break; }.
   {
     Statement* empty = factory()->NewEmptyStatement(RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
-    BreakableStatement* t = LookupBreakTarget(Handle<String>(), CHECK_OK);
+    BreakableStatement* t = LookupBreakTarget(NULL, CHECK_OK);
     Statement* stop = factory()->NewBreakStatement(t, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     Statement* if_not_cond_break = factory()->NewIfStatement(
         cond, empty, stop, cond->position());
     inner_block->AddStatement(if_not_cond_break, zone());
   }
 
   inner_block->AddStatement(body, zone());
 
   // For each let variable x:
   //   make statement: temp_x = x;
@@ skipping 10 matching lines @@
 
   inner_scope->set_end_position(scanner()->location().end_pos);
   inner_block->set_scope(inner_scope);
   scope_ = for_scope;
 
   loop->Initialize(NULL, NULL, NULL, inner_block);
   return outer_block;
 }
 
 
-Statement* Parser::ParseForStatement(ZoneStringList* labels, bool* ok) {
+Statement* Parser::ParseForStatement(ZoneList<const AstString*>* labels,
+                                     bool* ok) {
   // ForStatement ::
   //   'for' '(' Expression? ';' Expression? ';' Expression? ')' Statement
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Statement* init = NULL;
-  ZoneStringList let_bindings(1, zone());
+  ZoneList<const AstString*> let_bindings(1, zone());
 
   // Create an in-between scope for let-bound iteration variables.
   Scope* saved_scope = scope_;
   Scope* for_scope = NewScope(scope_, BLOCK_SCOPE);
   scope_ = for_scope;
 
   Expect(Token::FOR, CHECK_OK);
   Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
   for_scope->set_start_position(scanner()->location().beg_pos);
   if (peek() != Token::SEMICOLON) {
     if (peek() == Token::VAR || peek() == Token::CONST) {
       bool is_const = peek() == Token::CONST;
-      Handle<String> name;
+      const AstString* name = NULL;
       VariableDeclarationProperties decl_props = kHasNoInitializers;
       Block* variable_statement =
           ParseVariableDeclarations(kForStatement, &decl_props, NULL, &name,
                                     CHECK_OK);
       bool accept_OF = decl_props == kHasNoInitializers;
       ForEachStatement::VisitMode mode;
 
-      if (!name.is_null() && CheckInOrOf(accept_OF, &mode)) {
+      if (name != NULL && CheckInOrOf(accept_OF, &mode)) {
         Interface* interface =
             is_const ? Interface::NewConst() : Interface::NewValue();
         ForEachStatement* loop =
             factory()->NewForEachStatement(mode, labels, pos);
         Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);
 
         Expression* enumerable = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
         Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
 
         VariableProxy* each =
             scope_->NewUnresolved(factory(), name, interface);
         Statement* body = ParseStatement(NULL, CHECK_OK);
         InitializeForEachStatement(loop, each, enumerable, body);
         Block* result =
             factory()->NewBlock(NULL, 2, false, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
         result->AddStatement(variable_statement, zone());
         result->AddStatement(loop, zone());
         scope_ = saved_scope;
         for_scope->set_end_position(scanner()->location().end_pos);
         for_scope = for_scope->FinalizeBlockScope();
         ASSERT(for_scope == NULL);
         // Parsed for-in loop w/ variable/const declaration.
         return result;
       } else {
         init = variable_statement;
       }
     } else if (peek() == Token::LET) {
-      Handle<String> name;
+      const AstString* name = NULL;
       VariableDeclarationProperties decl_props = kHasNoInitializers;
       Block* variable_statement =
-         ParseVariableDeclarations(kForStatement, &decl_props, &let_bindings,
-                                   &name, CHECK_OK);
-      bool accept_IN = !name.is_null() && decl_props != kHasInitializers;
+          ParseVariableDeclarations(kForStatement, &decl_props, &let_bindings,
+                                    &name, CHECK_OK);
+      bool accept_IN = name != NULL && decl_props != kHasInitializers;
       bool accept_OF = decl_props == kHasNoInitializers;
       ForEachStatement::VisitMode mode;
 
       if (accept_IN && CheckInOrOf(accept_OF, &mode)) {
         // Rewrite a for-in statement of the form
         //
         //   for (let x in e) b
         //
         // into
         //
         //   <let x' be a temporary variable>
         //   for (x' in e) {
         //     let x;
         //     x = x';
         //     b;
         //   }
 
         // TODO(keuchel): Move the temporary variable to the block scope, after
         // implementing stack allocated block scoped variables.
-        Factory* heap_factory = isolate()->factory();
-        Handle<String> tempstr;
-        ASSIGN_RETURN_ON_EXCEPTION_VALUE(
-            isolate(), tempstr,
-            heap_factory->NewConsString(heap_factory->dot_for_string(), name),
-            0);
-        Handle<String> tempname = heap_factory->InternalizeString(tempstr);
-        Variable* temp = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(tempname);
+        Variable* temp = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(
+            ast_value_factory_->dot_for_string());
         VariableProxy* temp_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(temp);
         ForEachStatement* loop =
             factory()->NewForEachStatement(mode, labels, pos);
         Target target(&this->target_stack_, loop);
 
         // The expression does not see the loop variable.
         scope_ = saved_scope;
         Expression* enumerable = ParseExpression(true, CHECK_OK);
         scope_ = for_scope;
         Expect(Token::RPAREN, CHECK_OK);
@@ skipping 110 matching lines @@
   // DebuggerStatement ::
   //   'debugger' ';'
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::DEBUGGER, CHECK_OK);
   ExpectSemicolon(CHECK_OK);
   return factory()->NewDebuggerStatement(pos);
 }
 
 
-void Parser::ReportInvalidCachedData(Handle<String> name, bool* ok) {
+void Parser::ReportInvalidCachedData(const AstString* name, bool* ok) {
   ParserTraits::ReportMessage("invalid_cached_data_function", name);
   *ok = false;
 }
 
 
 bool CompileTimeValue::IsCompileTimeValue(Expression* expression) {
   if (expression->IsLiteral()) return true;
   MaterializedLiteral* lit = expression->AsMaterializedLiteral();
   return lit != NULL && lit->is_simple();
 }
@@ skipping 29 matching lines @@
   return static_cast<LiteralType>(literal_type->value());
 }
 
 
 Handle<FixedArray> CompileTimeValue::GetElements(Handle<FixedArray> value) {
   return Handle<FixedArray>(FixedArray::cast(value->get(kElementsSlot)));
 }
 
 
 FunctionLiteral* Parser::ParseFunctionLiteral(
-    Handle<String> function_name,
+    const AstString* function_name,
     Scanner::Location function_name_location,
     bool name_is_strict_reserved,
     bool is_generator,
     int function_token_pos,
     FunctionLiteral::FunctionType function_type,
     bool* ok) {
   // Function ::
   //   '(' FormalParameterList? ')' '{' FunctionBody '}'
 
   int pos = function_token_pos == RelocInfo::kNoPosition
       ? peek_position() : function_token_pos;
 
   // Anonymous functions were passed either the empty symbol or a null
   // handle as the function name.  Remember if we were passed a non-empty
   // handle to decide whether to invoke function name inference.
-  bool should_infer_name = function_name.is_null();
+  bool should_infer_name = function_name == NULL;
 
   // We want a non-null handle as the function name.
   if (should_infer_name) {
-    function_name = isolate()->factory()->empty_string();
+    function_name = ast_value_factory_->empty_string();
   }
 
   int num_parameters = 0;
   // Function declarations are function scoped in normal mode, so they are
   // hoisted. In harmony block scoping mode they are block scoped, so they
   // are not hoisted.
   //
   // One tricky case are function declarations in a local sloppy-mode eval:
   // their declaration is hoisted, but they still see the local scope. E.g.,
   //
@@ skipping 31 matching lines @@
   int expected_property_count = -1;
   int handler_count = 0;
   FunctionLiteral::ParameterFlag duplicate_parameters =
       FunctionLiteral::kNoDuplicateParameters;
   FunctionLiteral::IsParenthesizedFlag parenthesized = parenthesized_function_
       ? FunctionLiteral::kIsParenthesized
       : FunctionLiteral::kNotParenthesized;
   AstProperties ast_properties;
   BailoutReason dont_optimize_reason = kNoReason;
   // Parse function body.
-  { FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone());
+  {
+    FunctionState function_state(&function_state_, &scope_, scope, zone(),
+                                 ast_value_factory_);
     scope_->SetScopeName(function_name);
 
     if (is_generator) {
       // For generators, allocating variables in contexts is currently a win
       // because it minimizes the work needed to suspend and resume an
       // activation.
       scope_->ForceContextAllocation();
 
       // Calling a generator returns a generator object.  That object is stored
       // in a temporary variable, a definition that is used by "yield"
       // expressions. This also marks the FunctionState as a generator.
       Variable* temp = scope_->DeclarationScope()->NewTemporary(
-          isolate()->factory()->dot_generator_object_string());
+          ast_value_factory_->dot_generator_object_string());
       function_state.set_generator_object_variable(temp);
     }
 
     //  FormalParameterList ::
     //    '(' (Identifier)*[','] ')'
     Expect(Token::LPAREN, CHECK_OK);
     scope->set_start_position(scanner()->location().beg_pos);
 
     // We don't yet know if the function will be strict, so we cannot yet
     // produce errors for parameter names or duplicates. However, we remember
     // the locations of these errors if they occur and produce the errors later.
     Scanner::Location eval_args_error_log = Scanner::Location::invalid();
     Scanner::Location dupe_error_loc = Scanner::Location::invalid();
     Scanner::Location reserved_loc = Scanner::Location::invalid();
 
     bool done = (peek() == Token::RPAREN);
     while (!done) {
       bool is_strict_reserved = false;
-      Handle<String> param_name =
+      const AstString* param_name =
           ParseIdentifierOrStrictReservedWord(&is_strict_reserved, CHECK_OK);
 
       // Store locations for possible future error reports.
       if (!eval_args_error_log.IsValid() && IsEvalOrArguments(param_name)) {
         eval_args_error_log = scanner()->location();
       }
       if (!reserved_loc.IsValid() && is_strict_reserved) {
         reserved_loc = scanner()->location();
       }
       if (!dupe_error_loc.IsValid() && scope_->IsDeclared(param_name)) {
@@ skipping 23 matching lines @@
     // instead of Variables and Proxis as is the case now.
     Variable* fvar = NULL;
     Token::Value fvar_init_op = Token::INIT_CONST_LEGACY;
     if (function_type == FunctionLiteral::NAMED_EXPRESSION) {
       if (allow_harmony_scoping() && strict_mode() == STRICT) {
         fvar_init_op = Token::INIT_CONST;
       }
       VariableMode fvar_mode =
           allow_harmony_scoping() && strict_mode() == STRICT ? CONST
                                                              : CONST_LEGACY;
+      ASSERT(function_name != NULL);
       fvar = new(zone()) Variable(scope_,
          function_name, fvar_mode, true /* is valid LHS */,
          Variable::NORMAL, kCreatedInitialized, Interface::NewConst());
       VariableProxy* proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(fvar);
       VariableDeclaration* fvar_declaration = factory()->NewVariableDeclaration(
           proxy, fvar_mode, scope_, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
       scope_->DeclareFunctionVar(fvar_declaration);
     }
 
     // Determine if the function can be parsed lazily. Lazy parsing is different
@@ skipping 83 matching lines @@
 
   if (allow_harmony_scoping() && strict_mode() == STRICT) {
     CheckConflictingVarDeclarations(scope, CHECK_OK);
   }
 
   FunctionLiteral::IsGeneratorFlag generator = is_generator
       ? FunctionLiteral::kIsGenerator
       : FunctionLiteral::kNotGenerator;
   FunctionLiteral* function_literal =
       factory()->NewFunctionLiteral(function_name,
+                                    ast_value_factory_,
                                     scope,
                                     body,
                                     materialized_literal_count,
                                     expected_property_count,
                                     handler_count,
                                     num_parameters,
                                     duplicate_parameters,
                                     function_type,
                                     FunctionLiteral::kIsFunction,
                                     parenthesized,
                                     generator,
                                     pos);
   function_literal->set_function_token_position(function_token_pos);
   function_literal->set_ast_properties(&ast_properties);
   function_literal->set_dont_optimize_reason(dont_optimize_reason);
 
   if (fni_ != NULL && should_infer_name) fni_->AddFunction(function_literal);
   return function_literal;
 }
 
 
-void Parser::SkipLazyFunctionBody(Handle<String> function_name,
+void Parser::SkipLazyFunctionBody(const AstString* function_name,
                                   int* materialized_literal_count,
                                   int* expected_property_count,
                                   bool* ok) {
   int function_block_pos = position();
   if (cached_data_mode_ == CONSUME_CACHED_DATA) {
     // If we have cached data, we use it to skip parsing the function body. The
     // data contains the information we need to construct the lazy function.
     FunctionEntry entry =
         (*cached_data())->GetFunctionEntry(function_block_pos);
     if (entry.is_valid()) {
@@ skipping 58 matching lines @@
       log_->LogFunction(function_block_pos, body_end,
                         *materialized_literal_count,
                         *expected_property_count,
                         scope_->strict_mode());
     }
   }
 }
 
 
 ZoneList<Statement*>* Parser::ParseEagerFunctionBody(
-    Handle<String> function_name, int pos, Variable* fvar,
+    const AstString* function_name, int pos, Variable* fvar,
     Token::Value fvar_init_op, bool is_generator, bool* ok) {
   // Everything inside an eagerly parsed function will be parsed eagerly
   // (see comment above).
   ParsingModeScope parsing_mode(this, PARSE_EAGERLY);
   ZoneList<Statement*>* body = new(zone()) ZoneList<Statement*>(8, zone());
   if (fvar != NULL) {
     VariableProxy* fproxy = scope_->NewUnresolved(
         factory(), function_name, Interface::NewConst());
     fproxy->BindTo(fvar);
     body->Add(factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
         factory()->NewAssignment(fvar_init_op,
                                  fproxy,
                                  factory()->NewThisFunction(pos),
                                  RelocInfo::kNoPosition),
         RelocInfo::kNoPosition), zone());
   }
 
   // For generators, allocate and yield an iterator on function entry.
   if (is_generator) {
     ZoneList<Expression*>* arguments =
         new(zone()) ZoneList<Expression*>(0, zone());
     CallRuntime* allocation = factory()->NewCallRuntime(
-        isolate()->factory()->empty_string(),
+        ast_value_factory_->empty_string(),
         Runtime::FunctionForId(Runtime::kHiddenCreateJSGeneratorObject),
         arguments, pos);
     VariableProxy* init_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(
         function_state_->generator_object_variable());
     Assignment* assignment = factory()->NewAssignment(
         Token::INIT_VAR, init_proxy, allocation, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     VariableProxy* get_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(
         function_state_->generator_object_variable());
     Yield* yield = factory()->NewYield(
         get_proxy, assignment, Yield::INITIAL, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     body->Add(factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
         yield, RelocInfo::kNoPosition), zone());
   }
 
   ParseSourceElements(body, Token::RBRACE, false, false, CHECK_OK);
 
   if (is_generator) {
     VariableProxy* get_proxy = factory()->NewVariableProxy(
         function_state_->generator_object_variable());
-    Expression *undefined = factory()->NewLiteral(
-        isolate()->factory()->undefined_value(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
-    Yield* yield = factory()->NewYield(
-        get_proxy, undefined, Yield::FINAL, RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+    Expression* undefined = factory()->NewSpecialLiteral(

[rossberg, 2014/06/12 12:20:28]

...and here.

[marja, 2014/06/12 12:35:04]

Done.

+        ast_value_factory_->NewUndefined(), RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
+    Yield* yield = factory()->NewYield(get_proxy, undefined, Yield::FINAL,
+                                       RelocInfo::kNoPosition);
     body->Add(factory()->NewExpressionStatement(
         yield, RelocInfo::kNoPosition), zone());
   }
 
   Expect(Token::RBRACE, CHECK_OK);
   scope_->set_end_position(scanner()->location().end_pos);
 
   return body;
 }
 
@@ skipping 23 matching lines @@
 }
 
 
 Expression* Parser::ParseV8Intrinsic(bool* ok) {
   // CallRuntime ::
   //   '%' Identifier Arguments
 
   int pos = peek_position();
   Expect(Token::MOD, CHECK_OK);
   // Allow "eval" or "arguments" for backward compatibility.
-  Handle<String> name = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
+  const AstString* name = ParseIdentifier(kAllowEvalOrArguments, CHECK_OK);
   ZoneList<Expression*>* args = ParseArguments(CHECK_OK);
 
   if (extension_ != NULL) {
     // The extension structures are only accessible while parsing the
     // very first time not when reparsing because of lazy compilation.
     scope_->DeclarationScope()->ForceEagerCompilation();
   }
 
-  const Runtime::Function* function = Runtime::FunctionForName(name);
+  const Runtime::Function* function = Runtime::FunctionForName(name->string());
 
   // Check for built-in IS_VAR macro.
   if (function != NULL &&
       function->intrinsic_type == Runtime::RUNTIME &&
       function->function_id == Runtime::kIS_VAR) {
     // %IS_VAR(x) evaluates to x if x is a variable,
     // leads to a parse error otherwise.  Could be implemented as an
     // inline function %_IS_VAR(x) to eliminate this special case.
     if (args->length() == 1 && args->at(0)->AsVariableProxy() != NULL) {
       return args->at(0);
     } else {
       ReportMessage("not_isvar");
       *ok = false;
       return NULL;
     }
   }
 
   // Check that the expected number of arguments are being passed.
   if (function != NULL &&
       function->nargs != -1 &&
       function->nargs != args->length()) {
     ReportMessage("illegal_access");
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // Check that the function is defined if it's an inline runtime call.
-  if (function == NULL && name->Get(0) == '_') {
+  if (function == NULL && name->FirstCharacter() == '_') {
     ParserTraits::ReportMessage("not_defined", name);
     *ok = false;
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // We have a valid intrinsics call or a call to a builtin.
   return factory()->NewCallRuntime(name, function, args, pos);
 }
 
 
 Literal* Parser::GetLiteralUndefined(int position) {
-  return factory()->NewLiteral(
-      isolate()->factory()->undefined_value(), position);
+  return factory()->NewSpecialLiteral(ast_value_factory_->NewUndefined(),

[rossberg, 2014/06/12 12:20:28]

...and here.

[marja, 2014/06/12 12:35:04]

Done.

+                                      position);
 }
 
 
 void Parser::CheckConflictingVarDeclarations(Scope* scope, bool* ok) {
   Declaration* decl = scope->CheckConflictingVarDeclarations();
   if (decl != NULL) {
     // In harmony mode we treat conflicting variable bindinds as early
     // errors. See ES5 16 for a definition of early errors.
-    Handle<String> name = decl->proxy()->name();
+    const AstString* name = decl->proxy()->raw_name();
     int position = decl->proxy()->position();
     Scanner::Location location = position == RelocInfo::kNoPosition
         ? Scanner::Location::invalid()
         : Scanner::Location(position, position + 1);
     ParserTraits::ReportMessageAt(location, "var_redeclaration", name);
     *ok = false;
   }
 }
 
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Parser support
 
 
-bool Parser::TargetStackContainsLabel(Handle<String> label) {
+bool Parser::TargetStackContainsLabel(const AstString* label) {
   for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
     BreakableStatement* stat = t->node()->AsBreakableStatement();
     if (stat != NULL && ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label))
       return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 
-BreakableStatement* Parser::LookupBreakTarget(Handle<String> label, bool* ok) {
-  bool anonymous = label.is_null();
+BreakableStatement* Parser::LookupBreakTarget(const AstString* label,
+                                              bool* ok) {
+  bool anonymous = label == NULL;
   for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
     BreakableStatement* stat = t->node()->AsBreakableStatement();
     if (stat == NULL) continue;
     if ((anonymous && stat->is_target_for_anonymous()) ||
         (!anonymous && ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label))) {
       RegisterTargetUse(stat->break_target(), t->previous());
       return stat;
     }
   }
   return NULL;
 }
 
 
-IterationStatement* Parser::LookupContinueTarget(Handle<String> label,
+IterationStatement* Parser::LookupContinueTarget(const AstString* label,
                                                  bool* ok) {
-  bool anonymous = label.is_null();
+  bool anonymous = label == NULL;
   for (Target* t = target_stack_; t != NULL; t = t->previous()) {
     IterationStatement* stat = t->node()->AsIterationStatement();
     if (stat == NULL) continue;
 
     ASSERT(stat->is_target_for_anonymous());
     if (anonymous || ContainsLabel(stat->labels(), label)) {
       RegisterTargetUse(stat->continue_target(), t->previous());
       return stat;
     }
   }
@@ skipping 12 matching lines @@
 }
 
 
 void Parser::ThrowPendingError() {
   if (has_pending_error_) {
     MessageLocation location(script_,
                              pending_error_location_.beg_pos,
                              pending_error_location_.end_pos);
     Factory* factory = isolate()->factory();
     bool has_arg =
-        !pending_error_arg_.is_null() || pending_error_char_arg_ != NULL;
+        pending_error_arg_ != NULL || pending_error_char_arg_ != NULL;
     Handle<FixedArray> elements = factory->NewFixedArray(has_arg ? 1 : 0);
-    if (!pending_error_arg_.is_null()) {
-      elements->set(0, *(pending_error_arg_.ToHandleChecked()));
+    if (pending_error_arg_ != NULL) {
+      Handle<String> arg_string = pending_error_arg_->string();
+      elements->set(0, *arg_string);
     } else if (pending_error_char_arg_ != NULL) {
       Handle<String> arg_string =
           factory->NewStringFromUtf8(CStrVector(pending_error_char_arg_))
           .ToHandleChecked();
       elements->set(0, *arg_string);
     }
     Handle<JSArray> array = factory->NewJSArrayWithElements(elements);
     Handle<Object> result = pending_error_is_reference_error_
         ? factory->NewReferenceError(pending_error_message_, array)
         : factory->NewSyntaxError(pending_error_message_, array);
@@ skipping 892 matching lines @@
     result->simple = tree->IsAtom() && parser.simple() && capture_count == 0;
     result->contains_anchor = parser.contains_anchor();
     result->capture_count = capture_count;
   }
   return !parser.failed();
 }
 
 
 bool Parser::Parse() {
   ASSERT(info()->function() == NULL);
+  ASSERT(info()->ast_value_factory() == NULL);
   FunctionLiteral* result = NULL;
+  ast_value_factory_ = new AstValueFactory(zone());
+  if (allow_natives_syntax() || extension_ != NULL) {
+    // If intrinsics are allowed, the Parser cannot operate independent of the
+    // V8 heap because of Rumtime. Tell the string table to internalize strings
+    // and values right after they're created.
+    ast_value_factory_->Internalize(isolate());
+  }
+
   if (info()->is_lazy()) {
     ASSERT(!info()->is_eval());
     if (info()->shared_info()->is_function()) {
       result = ParseLazy();
     } else {
       result = ParseProgram();
     }
   } else {
     SetCachedData(info()->cached_data(), info()->cached_data_mode());
     if (info()->cached_data_mode() == CONSUME_CACHED_DATA &&
         (*info()->cached_data())->has_error()) {
       ScriptData* cached_data = *(info()->cached_data());
       Scanner::Location loc = cached_data->MessageLocation();
       const char* message = cached_data->BuildMessage();
       const char* arg = cached_data->BuildArg();
       ParserTraits::ReportMessageAt(loc, message, arg,
                                     cached_data->IsReferenceError());
       DeleteArray(message);
       DeleteArray(arg);
       ASSERT(info()->isolate()->has_pending_exception());
     } else {
       result = ParseProgram();
     }
   }
   info()->SetFunction(result);
+  ast_value_factory_->Internalize(isolate());
+  // info takes ownership of ast_value_factory_.
+  info()->SetAstValueFactory(ast_value_factory_);
+  ast_value_factory_ = NULL;
   return (result != NULL);
 }
 
 } }  // namespace v8::internal