Removed fixed dependencies

packages/analyzer/lib/src/summary/flat_buffers.dart

Index: packages/analyzer/lib/src/summary/flat_buffers.dart
diff --git a/packages/analyzer/lib/src/summary/flat_buffers.dart b/packages/analyzer/lib/src/summary/flat_buffers.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81bd2dbbb70a7a44dcb98a459b668bcd39f32833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/analyzer/lib/src/summary/flat_buffers.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,957 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library analyzer.src.summary.flat_buffers;
+
+import 'dart:collection';
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:math';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+/**
+ * Reader of lists of boolean values.
+ *
+ * The returned unmodifiable lists lazily read values on access.
+ */
+class BoolListReader extends Reader<List<bool>> {
+  const BoolListReader();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  List<bool> read(BufferContext bc, int offset) =>
+      new _FbBoolList(bc, bc.derefObject(offset));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of booleans.
+ */
+class BoolReader extends Reader<bool> {
+  const BoolReader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 1;
+
+  @override
+  bool read(BufferContext bc, int offset) => bc._getInt8(offset) != 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Buffer with data and some context about it.
+ */
+class BufferContext {
+  final ByteData _buffer;
+
+  factory BufferContext.fromBytes(List<int> byteList) {
+    Uint8List uint8List = _asUint8List(byteList);
+    ByteData buf = new ByteData.view(uint8List.buffer, uint8List.offsetInBytes);
+    return new BufferContext._(buf);
+  }
+
+  BufferContext._(this._buffer);
+
+  int derefObject(int offset) {
+    return offset + _getUint32(offset);
+  }
+
+  Uint8List _asUint8LIst(int offset, int length) =>
+      _buffer.buffer.asUint8List(_buffer.offsetInBytes + offset, length);
+
+  double _getFloat64(int offset) =>
+      _buffer.getFloat64(offset, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+  int _getInt32(int offset) =>
+      _buffer.getInt32(offset, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+  int _getInt8(int offset) => _buffer.getInt8(offset);
+
+  int _getUint16(int offset) =>
+      _buffer.getUint16(offset, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+  int _getUint32(int offset) =>
+      _buffer.getUint32(offset, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+  int _getUint8(int offset) => _buffer.getUint8(offset);
+
+  /**
+   * If the [byteList] is already a [Uint8List] return it.
+   * Otherwise return a [Uint8List] copy of the [byteList].
+   */
+  static Uint8List _asUint8List(List<int> byteList) {
+    if (byteList is Uint8List) {
+      return byteList;
+    } else {
+      return new Uint8List.fromList(byteList);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Class that helps building flat buffers.
+ */
+class Builder {
+  final int initialSize;
+
+  /**
+   * The list of existing VTable(s).
+   */
+  final List<_VTable> _vTables = <_VTable>[];
+
+  ByteData _buf;
+
+  /**
+   * The maximum alignment that has been seen so far.  If [_buf] has to be
+   * reallocated in the future (to insert room at its start for more bytes) the
+   * reallocation will need to be a multiple of this many bytes.
+   */
+  int _maxAlign;
+
+  /**
+   * The number of bytes that have been written to the buffer so far.  The
+   * most recently written byte is this many bytes from the end of [_buf].
+   */
+  int _tail;
+
+  /**
+   * The location of the end of the current table, measured in bytes from the
+   * end of [_buf], or `null` if a table is not currently being built.
+   */
+  int _currentTableEndTail;
+
+  _VTable _currentVTable;
+
+  /**
+   * Map containing all strings that have been written so far.  This allows us
+   * to avoid duplicating strings.
+   */
+  Map<String, Offset<String>> _strings = <String, Offset<String>>{};
+
+  Builder({this.initialSize: 1024}) {
+    reset();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] with the given boolean [value].  The field is not added if
+   * the [value] is equal to [def].  Booleans are stored as 8-bit fields with
+   * `0` for `false` and `1` for `true`.
+   */
+  void addBool(int field, bool value, [bool def]) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (value != null && value != def) {
+      int size = 1;
+      _prepare(size, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _buf.setInt8(_buf.lengthInBytes - _tail, value ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] with the given 32-bit signed integer [value].  The field is
+   * not added if the [value] is equal to [def].
+   */
+  void addInt32(int field, int value, [int def]) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (value != null && value != def) {
+      int size = 4;
+      _prepare(size, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _setInt32AtTail(_buf, _tail, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] with the given 8-bit signed integer [value].  The field is
+   * not added if the [value] is equal to [def].
+   */
+  void addInt8(int field, int value, [int def]) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (value != null && value != def) {
+      int size = 1;
+      _prepare(size, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _buf.setInt8(_buf.lengthInBytes - _tail, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] referencing an object with the given [offset].
+   */
+  void addOffset(int field, Offset offset) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (offset != null) {
+      _prepare(4, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _setUint32AtTail(_buf, _tail, _tail - offset._tail);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] with the given 32-bit unsigned integer [value].  The field
+   * is not added if the [value] is equal to [def].
+   */
+  void addUint32(int field, int value, [int def]) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (value != null && value != def) {
+      int size = 4;
+      _prepare(size, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _setUint32AtTail(_buf, _tail, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the [field] with the given 8-bit unsigned integer [value].  The field
+   * is not added if the [value] is equal to [def].
+   */
+  void addUint8(int field, int value, [int def]) {
+    _ensureCurrentVTable();
+    if (value != null && value != def) {
+      int size = 1;
+      _prepare(size, 1);
+      _trackField(field);
+      _setUint8AtTail(_buf, _tail, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * End the current table and return its offset.
+   */
+  Offset endTable() {
+    if (_currentVTable == null) {
+      throw new StateError('Start a table before ending it.');
+    }
+    // Prepare for writing the VTable.
+    _prepare(4, 1);
+    int tableTail = _tail;
+    // Prepare the size of the current table.
+    _currentVTable.tableSize = tableTail - _currentTableEndTail;
+    // Prepare the VTable to use for the current table.
+    int vTableTail;
+    {
+      _currentVTable.computeFieldOffsets(tableTail);
+      // Try to find an existing compatible VTable.
+      for (int i = 0; i < _vTables.length; i++) {
+        _VTable vTable = _vTables[i];
+        if (_currentVTable.canUseExistingVTable(vTable)) {
+          vTableTail = vTable.tail;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      // Write a new VTable.
+      if (vTableTail == null) {
+        _prepare(2, _currentVTable.numOfUint16);
+        vTableTail = _tail;
+        _currentVTable.tail = vTableTail;
+        _currentVTable.output(_buf, _buf.lengthInBytes - _tail);
+        _vTables.add(_currentVTable);
+      }
+    }
+    // Set the VTable offset.
+    _setInt32AtTail(_buf, tableTail, vTableTail - tableTail);
+    // Done with this table.
+    _currentVTable = null;
+    return new Offset(tableTail);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Finish off the creation of the buffer.  The given [offset] is used as the
+   * root object offset, and usually references directly or indirectly every
+   * written object.  If [fileIdentifier] is specified (and not `null`), it is
+   * interpreted as a 4-byte Latin-1 encoded string that should be placed at
+   * bytes 4-7 of the file.
+   */
+  Uint8List finish(Offset offset, [String fileIdentifier]) {
+    _prepare(max(4, _maxAlign), fileIdentifier == null ? 1 : 2);
+    int alignedTail = _tail + ((-_tail) % _maxAlign);
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, alignedTail, alignedTail - offset._tail);
+    if (fileIdentifier != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        _setUint8AtTail(
+            _buf, alignedTail - 4 - i, fileIdentifier.codeUnitAt(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return _buf.buffer.asUint8List(_buf.lengthInBytes - alignedTail);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This is a low-level method, it should not be invoked by clients.
+   */
+  Uint8List lowFinish() {
+    int alignedTail = _tail + ((-_tail) % _maxAlign);
+    return _buf.buffer.asUint8List(_buf.lengthInBytes - alignedTail);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This is a low-level method, it should not be invoked by clients.
+   */
+  void lowReset() {
+    _buf = new ByteData(initialSize);
+    _maxAlign = 1;
+    _tail = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This is a low-level method, it should not be invoked by clients.
+   */
+  void lowWriteUint32(int value) {
+    _prepare(4, 1);
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, _tail, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This is a low-level method, it should not be invoked by clients.
+   */
+  void lowWriteUint8(int value) {
+    _prepare(1, 1);
+    _buf.setUint8(_buf.lengthInBytes - _tail, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset the builder and make it ready for filling a new buffer.
+   */
+  void reset() {
+    _buf = new ByteData(initialSize);
+    _maxAlign = 1;
+    _tail = 0;
+    _currentVTable = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start a new table.  Must be finished with [endTable] invocation.
+   */
+  void startTable() {
+    if (_currentVTable != null) {
+      throw new StateError('Inline tables are not supported.');
+    }
+    _currentVTable = new _VTable();
+    _currentTableEndTail = _tail;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeList(List<Offset> values) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    _prepare(4, 1 + values.length);
+    Offset result = new Offset(_tail);
+    int tail = _tail;
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
+    tail -= 4;
+    for (Offset value in values) {
+      _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, tail - value._tail);
+      tail -= 4;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of boolean [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeListBool(List<bool> values) {
+    int bitLength = values.length;
+    int padding = (-bitLength) % 8;
+    int byteLength = (bitLength + padding) ~/ 8;
+    // Prepare the backing Uint8List.
+    Uint8List bytes = new Uint8List(byteLength + 1);
+    // Record every bit.
+    int byteIndex = 0;
+    int byte = 0;
+    int mask = 1;
+    for (int bitIndex = 0; bitIndex < bitLength; bitIndex++) {
+      if (bitIndex != 0 && (bitIndex % 8 == 0)) {
+        bytes[byteIndex++] = byte;
+        byte = 0;
+        mask = 1;
+      }
+      if (values[bitIndex]) {
+        byte |= mask;
+      }
+      mask <<= 1;
+    }
+    // Write the last byte, even if it may be on the padding.
+    bytes[byteIndex] = byte;
+    // Write the padding length.
+    bytes[byteLength] = padding;
+    // Write as a Uint8 list.
+    return writeListUint8(bytes);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of 64-bit float [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeListFloat64(List<double> values) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    _prepare(8, 1 + values.length);
+    Offset result = new Offset(_tail);
+    int tail = _tail;
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
+    tail -= 8;
+    for (double value in values) {
+      _setFloat64AtTail(_buf, tail, value);
+      tail -= 8;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of signed 32-bit integer [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeListInt32(List<int> values) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    _prepare(4, 1 + values.length);
+    Offset result = new Offset(_tail);
+    int tail = _tail;
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
+    tail -= 4;
+    for (int value in values) {
+      _setInt32AtTail(_buf, tail, value);
+      tail -= 4;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of unsigned 32-bit integer [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeListUint32(List<int> values) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    _prepare(4, 1 + values.length);
+    Offset result = new Offset(_tail);
+    int tail = _tail;
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
+    tail -= 4;
+    for (int value in values) {
+      _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, value);
+      tail -= 4;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given list of unsigned 8-bit integer [values].
+   */
+  Offset writeListUint8(List<int> values) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    _prepare(4, 1, additionalBytes: values.length);
+    Offset result = new Offset(_tail);
+    int tail = _tail;
+    _setUint32AtTail(_buf, tail, values.length);
+    tail -= 4;
+    for (int value in values) {
+      _setUint8AtTail(_buf, tail, value);
+      tail -= 1;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write the given string [value] and return its [Offset], or `null` if
+   * the [value] is equal to [def].
+   */
+  Offset<String> writeString(String value, [String def]) {
+    _ensureNoVTable();
+    if (value != def) {
+      return _strings.putIfAbsent(value, () {
+        // TODO(scheglov) optimize for ASCII strings
+        List<int> bytes = UTF8.encode(value);
+        int length = bytes.length;
+        _prepare(4, 1, additionalBytes: length);
+        Offset<String> result = new Offset(_tail);
+        _setUint32AtTail(_buf, _tail, length);
+        int offset = _buf.lengthInBytes - _tail + 4;
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+          _buf.setUint8(offset++, bytes[i]);
+        }
+        return result;
+      });
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Throw an exception if there is not currently a vtable.
+   */
+  void _ensureCurrentVTable() {
+    if (_currentVTable == null) {
+      throw new StateError('Start a table before adding values.');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Throw an exception if there is currently a vtable.
+   */
+  void _ensureNoVTable() {
+    if (_currentVTable != null) {
+      throw new StateError(
+          'Cannot write a non-scalar value while writing a table.');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare for writing the given [count] of scalars of the given [size].
+   * Additionally allocate the specified [additionalBytes]. Update the current
+   * tail pointer to point at the allocated space.
+   */
+  void _prepare(int size, int count, {int additionalBytes: 0}) {
+    // Update the alignment.
+    if (_maxAlign < size) {
+      _maxAlign = size;
+    }
+    // Prepare amount of required space.
+    int dataSize = size * count + additionalBytes;
+    int alignDelta = (-(_tail + dataSize)) % size;
+    int bufSize = alignDelta + dataSize;
+    // Ensure that we have the required amount of space.
+    {
+      int oldCapacity = _buf.lengthInBytes;
+      if (_tail + bufSize > oldCapacity) {
+        int desiredNewCapacity = (oldCapacity + bufSize) * 2;
+        int deltaCapacity = desiredNewCapacity - oldCapacity;
+        deltaCapacity += (-deltaCapacity) % _maxAlign;
+        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + deltaCapacity;
+        ByteData newBuf = new ByteData(newCapacity);
+        newBuf.buffer
+            .asUint8List()
+            .setAll(deltaCapacity, _buf.buffer.asUint8List());
+        _buf = newBuf;
+      }
+    }
+    // Update the tail pointer.
+    _tail += bufSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Record the offset of the given [field].
+   */
+  void _trackField(int field) {
+    _currentVTable.addField(field, _tail);
+  }
+
+  static void _setFloat64AtTail(ByteData _buf, int tail, double x) {
+    _buf.setFloat64(_buf.lengthInBytes - tail, x, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+  }
+
+  static void _setInt32AtTail(ByteData _buf, int tail, int x) {
+    _buf.setInt32(_buf.lengthInBytes - tail, x, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+  }
+
+  static void _setUint32AtTail(ByteData _buf, int tail, int x) {
+    _buf.setUint32(_buf.lengthInBytes - tail, x, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+  }
+
+  static void _setUint8AtTail(ByteData _buf, int tail, int x) {
+    _buf.setUint8(_buf.lengthInBytes - tail, x);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of lists of 64-bit float values.
+ *
+ * The returned unmodifiable lists lazily read values on access.
+ */
+class Float64ListReader extends Reader<List<double>> {
+  const Float64ListReader();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  List<double> read(BufferContext bc, int offset) =>
+      new _FbFloat64List(bc, bc.derefObject(offset));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of signed 32-bit integers.
+ */
+class Int32Reader extends Reader<int> {
+  const Int32Reader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  int read(BufferContext bc, int offset) => bc._getInt32(offset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of 8-bit signed integers.
+ */
+class Int8Reader extends Reader<int> {
+  const Int8Reader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 1;
+
+  @override
+  int read(BufferContext bc, int offset) => bc._getInt8(offset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of lists of objects.
+ *
+ * The returned unmodifiable lists lazily read objects on access.
+ */
+class ListReader<E> extends Reader<List<E>> {
+  final Reader<E> _elementReader;
+
+  const ListReader(this._elementReader);
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  List<E> read(BufferContext bc, int offset) =>
+      new _FbGenericList<E>(_elementReader, bc, bc.derefObject(offset));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The offset from the end of the buffer to a serialized object of the type [T].
+ */
+class Offset<T> {
+  final int _tail;
+
+  Offset(this._tail);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Object that can read a value at a [BufferContext].
+ */
+abstract class Reader<T> {
+  const Reader();
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the value in bytes.
+   */
+  int get size;
+
+  /**
+   * Read the value at the given [offset] in [bc].
+   */
+  T read(BufferContext bc, int offset);
+
+  /**
+   * Read the value of the given [field] in the given [object].
+   */
+  T vTableGet(BufferContext object, int offset, int field, [T defaultValue]) {
+    int vTableSOffset = object._getInt32(offset);
+    int vTableOffset = offset - vTableSOffset;
+    int vTableSize = object._getUint16(vTableOffset);
+    int vTableFieldOffset = (1 + 1 + field) * 2;
+    if (vTableFieldOffset < vTableSize) {
+      int fieldOffsetInObject =
+          object._getUint16(vTableOffset + vTableFieldOffset);
+      if (fieldOffsetInObject != 0) {
+        return read(object, offset + fieldOffsetInObject);
+      }
+    }
+    return defaultValue;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of string values.
+ */
+class StringReader extends Reader<String> {
+  const StringReader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  String read(BufferContext bc, int offset) {
+    int strOffset = bc.derefObject(offset);
+    int length = bc._getUint32(strOffset);
+    Uint8List bytes = bc._asUint8LIst(strOffset + 4, length);
+    if (_isLatin(bytes)) {
+      return new String.fromCharCodes(bytes);
+    }
+    return UTF8.decode(bytes);
+  }
+
+  static bool _isLatin(Uint8List bytes) {
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      if (bytes[i] > 127) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An abstract reader for tables.
+ */
+abstract class TableReader<T> extends Reader<T> {
+  const TableReader();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  /**
+   * Return the object at [offset].
+   */
+  T createObject(BufferContext bc, int offset);
+
+  @override
+  T read(BufferContext bp, int offset) {
+    int objectOffset = bp.derefObject(offset);
+    return createObject(bp, objectOffset);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reader of lists of unsigned 32-bit integer values.
+ *
+ * The returned unmodifiable lists lazily read values on access.
+ */
+class Uint32ListReader extends Reader<List<int>> {
+  const Uint32ListReader();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  List<int> read(BufferContext bc, int offset) =>
+      new _FbUint32List(bc, bc.derefObject(offset));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of unsigned 32-bit integers.
+ */
+class Uint32Reader extends Reader<int> {
+  const Uint32Reader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  int read(BufferContext bc, int offset) => bc._getUint32(offset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reader of lists of unsigned 8-bit integer values.
+ *
+ * The returned unmodifiable lists lazily read values on access.
+ */
+class Uint8ListReader extends Reader<List<int>> {
+  const Uint8ListReader();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 4;
+
+  @override
+  List<int> read(BufferContext bc, int offset) =>
+      new _FbUint8List(bc, bc.derefObject(offset));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reader of unsigned 8-bit integers.
+ */
+class Uint8Reader extends Reader<int> {
+  const Uint8Reader() : super();
+
+  @override
+  int get size => 1;
+
+  @override
+  int read(BufferContext bc, int offset) => bc._getUint8(offset);
+}
+
+/**
+ * List of booleans backed by 8-bit unsigned integers.
+ */
+class _FbBoolList extends Object with ListMixin<bool> implements List<bool> {
+  final BufferContext bc;
+  final int offset;
+  int _length;
+
+  _FbBoolList(this.bc, this.offset);
+
+  @override
+  int get length {
+    if (_length == null) {
+      int byteLength = bc._getUint32(offset);
+      _length = (byteLength - 1) * 8 - _getByte(byteLength - 1);
+    }
+    return _length;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void set length(int i) =>
+      throw new StateError('Attempt to modify immutable list');
+
+  @override
+  bool operator [](int i) {
+    int index = i ~/ 8;
+    int mask = 1 << i % 8;
+    return _getByte(index) & mask != 0;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void operator []=(int i, bool e) =>
+      throw new StateError('Attempt to modify immutable list');
+
+  int _getByte(int index) => bc._getUint8(offset + 4 + index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The list backed by 64-bit values - Uint64 length and Float64.
+ */
+class _FbFloat64List extends _FbList<double> {
+  _FbFloat64List(BufferContext bc, int offset) : super(bc, offset);
+
+  @override
+  double operator [](int i) {
+    return bc._getFloat64(offset + 8 + 8 * i);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * List backed by a generic object which may have any size.
+ */
+class _FbGenericList<E> extends _FbList<E> {
+  final Reader<E> elementReader;
+
+  List<E> _items;
+
+  _FbGenericList(this.elementReader, BufferContext bp, int offset)
+      : super(bp, offset);
+
+  @override
+  E operator [](int i) {
+    _items ??= new List<E>(length);
+    E item = _items[i];
+    if (item == null) {
+      item = elementReader.read(bc, offset + 4 + elementReader.size * i);
+      _items[i] = item;
+    }
+    return item;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The base class for immutable lists read from flat buffers.
+ */
+abstract class _FbList<E> extends Object with ListMixin<E> implements List<E> {
+  final BufferContext bc;
+  final int offset;
+  int _length;
+
+  _FbList(this.bc, this.offset);
+
+  @override
+  int get length {
+    _length ??= bc._getUint32(offset);
+    return _length;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void set length(int i) =>
+      throw new StateError('Attempt to modify immutable list');
+
+  @override
+  void operator []=(int i, E e) =>
+      throw new StateError('Attempt to modify immutable list');
+}
+
+/**
+ * List backed by 32-bit unsigned integers.
+ */
+class _FbUint32List extends _FbList<int> {
+  _FbUint32List(BufferContext bc, int offset) : super(bc, offset);
+
+  @override
+  int operator [](int i) {
+    return bc._getUint32(offset + 4 + 4 * i);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * List backed by 8-bit unsigned integers.
+ */
+class _FbUint8List extends _FbList<int> {
+  _FbUint8List(BufferContext bc, int offset) : super(bc, offset);
+
+  @override
+  int operator [](int i) {
+    return bc._getUint8(offset + 4 + i);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Class that describes the structure of a table.
+ */
+class _VTable {
+  final List<int> fieldTails = <int>[];
+  final List<int> fieldOffsets = <int>[];
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the table that uses this VTable.
+   */
+  int tableSize;
+
+  /**
+   * The tail of this VTable.  It is used to share the same VTable between
+   * multiple tables of identical structure.
+   */
+  int tail;
+
+  int get numOfUint16 => 1 + 1 + fieldTails.length;
+
+  void addField(int field, int offset) {
+    while (fieldTails.length <= field) {
+      fieldTails.add(null);
+    }
+    fieldTails[field] = offset;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return `true` if the [existing] VTable can be used instead of this.
+   */
+  bool canUseExistingVTable(_VTable existing) {
+    assert(tail == null);
+    assert(existing.tail != null);
+    if (tableSize == existing.tableSize &&
+        fieldOffsets.length == existing.fieldOffsets.length) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < fieldOffsets.length; i++) {
+        if (fieldOffsets[i] != existing.fieldOffsets[i]) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fill the [fieldOffsets] field.
+   */
+  void computeFieldOffsets(int tableTail) {
+    assert(fieldOffsets.isEmpty);
+    for (int fieldTail in fieldTails) {
+      int fieldOffset = fieldTail == null ? 0 : tableTail - fieldTail;
+      fieldOffsets.add(fieldOffset);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs this VTable to [buf], which is is expected to be aligned to 16-bit
+   * and have at least [numOfUint16] 16-bit words available.
+   */
+  void output(ByteData buf, int bufOffset) {
+    // VTable size.
+    buf.setUint16(bufOffset, numOfUint16 * 2, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+    bufOffset += 2;
+    // Table size.
+    buf.setUint16(bufOffset, tableSize, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+    bufOffset += 2;
+    // Field offsets.
+    for (int fieldOffset in fieldOffsets) {
+      buf.setUint16(bufOffset, fieldOffset, Endianness.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+      bufOffset += 2;
+    }
+  }
+}