Removed fixed dependencies

packages/analyzer/test/src/summary/summary_common.dart

+// Copyright (c) 2015, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library analyzer.test.src.summary.summary_common;
+
+import 'package:analyzer/analyzer.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/dart/ast/ast.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/error/listener.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/dart/scanner/reader.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/dart/scanner/scanner.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/generated/parser.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/generated/source.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/generated/source_io.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/summary/base.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/summary/idl.dart';
+import 'package:analyzer/src/summary/public_namespace_computer.dart'
+    as public_namespace;
+import 'package:path/path.dart' show posix;
+import 'package:unittest/unittest.dart';
+
+import '../context/mock_sdk.dart';
+
+/**
+ * Convert the given Posix style file [path] to the corresponding absolute URI.
+ */
+String absUri(String path) {
+  String absolutePath = posix.absolute(path);
+  return posix.toUri(absolutePath).toString();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a summary object (or a portion of one) into a canonical form that
+ * can be easily compared using [expect].  If [orderByName] is true, and the
+ * object is a [List], it is sorted by the `name` field of its elements.
+ */
+Object canonicalize(Object obj, {bool orderByName: false}) {
+  if (obj is SummaryClass) {
+    Map<String, Object> result = <String, Object>{};
+    obj.toMap().forEach((String key, Object value) {
+      bool orderByName = false;
+      if (obj is UnlinkedPublicNamespace && key == 'names' ||
+          obj is UnlinkedPublicName && key == 'members') {
+        orderByName = true;
+      }
+      result[key] = canonicalize(value, orderByName: orderByName);
+    });
+    return result;
+  } else if (obj is List) {
+    List<Object> result = <Object>[];
+    for (Object item in obj) {
+      result.add(canonicalize(item));
+    }
+    if (orderByName) {
+      result.sort((Object a, Object b) {
+        if (a is Map && b is Map) {
+          return Comparable.compare(a['name'], b['name']);
+        } else {
+          return 0;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  } else if (obj is String || obj is num || obj is bool) {
+    return obj;
+  } else {
+    return obj.toString();
+  }
+}
+
+UnlinkedPublicNamespace computePublicNamespaceFromText(
+    String text, Source source) {
+  CharacterReader reader = new CharSequenceReader(text);
+  Scanner scanner =
+      new Scanner(source, reader, AnalysisErrorListener.NULL_LISTENER);
+  Parser parser = new Parser(source, AnalysisErrorListener.NULL_LISTENER);
+  parser.parseGenericMethods = true;
+  CompilationUnit unit = parser.parseCompilationUnit(scanner.tokenize());
+  UnlinkedPublicNamespace namespace = new UnlinkedPublicNamespace.fromBuffer(
+      public_namespace.computePublicNamespace(unit).toBuffer());
+  return namespace;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Type of a function that validates an [EntityRef].
+ */
+typedef void _EntityRefValidator(EntityRef entityRef);
+
+/**
+ * [SerializedMockSdk] is a singleton class representing the result of
+ * serializing the mock SDK to summaries.  It is computed once and then shared
+ * among test invocations so that we don't bog down the tests.
+ *
+ * Note: should an exception occur during computation of [instance], it will
+ * silently be set to null to allow other tests to complete quickly.
+ */
+class SerializedMockSdk {
+  static final SerializedMockSdk instance = _serializeMockSdk();
+
+  final Map<String, UnlinkedUnit> uriToUnlinkedUnit;
+
+  final Map<String, LinkedLibrary> uriToLinkedLibrary;
+  SerializedMockSdk._(this.uriToUnlinkedUnit, this.uriToLinkedLibrary);
+
+  static SerializedMockSdk _serializeMockSdk() {
+    try {
+      Map<String, UnlinkedUnit> uriToUnlinkedUnit = <String, UnlinkedUnit>{};
+      Map<String, LinkedLibrary> uriToLinkedLibrary = <String, LinkedLibrary>{};
+      PackageBundle bundle = new MockSdk().getLinkedBundle();
+      for (int i = 0; i < bundle.unlinkedUnitUris.length; i++) {
+        String uri = bundle.unlinkedUnitUris[i];
+        uriToUnlinkedUnit[uri] = bundle.unlinkedUnits[i];
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < bundle.linkedLibraryUris.length; i++) {
+        String uri = bundle.linkedLibraryUris[i];
+        uriToLinkedLibrary[uri] = bundle.linkedLibraries[i];
+      }
+      return new SerializedMockSdk._(uriToUnlinkedUnit, uriToLinkedLibrary);
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Base class containing most summary tests.  This allows summary tests to be
+ * re-used to exercise all the different ways in which summaries can be
+ * generated (e.g. direct from the AST, from the element model, from a
+ * "relinking" process, etc.)
+ */
+abstract class SummaryTest {
+  /**
+   * A test will set this to `true` if it contains `import`, `export`, or
+   * `part` declarations that deliberately refer to non-existent files.
+   */
+  bool allowMissingFiles = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Get access to the linked defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  LinkedUnit get definingUnit => linked.units[0];
+
+  /**
+   * Get access to the linked summary that results from serializing and
+   * then deserializing the library under test.
+   */
+  LinkedLibrary get linked;
+
+  /**
+   * `true` if the linked portion of the summary only contains prelinked data.
+   * This happens because we don't yet have a full linker; only a prelinker.
+   */
+  bool get skipFullyLinkedData;
+
+  /**
+   * `true` if non-const variable initializers are not serialized.
+   */
+  bool get skipNonConstInitializers;
+
+  /**
+   * `true` if the linked portion of the summary contains the result of strong
+   * mode analysis.
+   */
+  bool get strongMode;
+
+  /**
+   * Get access to the unlinked compilation unit summaries that result from
+   * serializing and deserializing the library under test.
+   */
+  List<UnlinkedUnit> get unlinkedUnits;
+
+  /**
+   * Add the given source file so that it may be referenced by the file under
+   * test.
+   */
+  Source addNamedSource(String filePath, String contents);
+
+  /**
+   * Check that [annotations] contains a single entry which is a reference to
+   * a top level variable called `a` in the current library.
+   */
+  void checkAnnotationA(List<UnlinkedConst> annotations) {
+    expect(annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  void checkConstCycle(String className,
+      {String name: '', bool hasCycle: true}) {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = findClass(className);
+    int constCycleSlot =
+        findExecutable(name, executables: cls.executables).constCycleSlot;
+    expect(constCycleSlot, isNot(0));
+    if (!skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      expect(
+          definingUnit.constCycles,
+          hasCycle
+              ? contains(constCycleSlot)
+              : isNot(contains(constCycleSlot)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the [dependency]th element of the dependency table represents
+   * a file reachable via the given [absoluteUri] and [relativeUri].
+   */
+  void checkDependency(int dependency, String absoluteUri, String relativeUri) {
+    expect(dependency, new isInstanceOf<int>());
+    if (dependency >= linked.numPrelinkedDependencies) {
+      // Fully-linked dependencies are always absolute URIs.
+      expect(linked.dependencies[dependency].uri, absoluteUri);
+    } else {
+      expect(linked.dependencies[dependency].uri, relativeUri);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [dependency] lists the given
+   * [relativeUris] as its parts.
+   */
+  void checkDependencyParts(
+      LinkedDependency dependency, List<String> relativeUris) {
+    expect(dependency.parts, relativeUris);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check that the given [documentationComment] matches the first
+   * Javadoc-style comment found in [text].
+   *
+   * Note that the algorithm for finding the Javadoc-style comment in [text] is
+   * a simple-minded text search; it is easily confused by corner cases such as
+   * strings containing comments, nested comments, etc.
+   */
+  void checkDocumentationComment(
+      UnlinkedDocumentationComment documentationComment, String text) {
+    expect(documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    int commentStart = text.indexOf('/*');
+    expect(commentStart, isNot(-1));
+    int commentEnd = text.indexOf('*/');
+    expect(commentEnd, isNot(-1));
+    commentEnd += 2;
+    String expectedCommentText =
+        text.substring(commentStart, commentEnd).replaceAll('\r\n', '\n');
+    expect(documentationComment.text, expectedCommentText);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents the type `dynamic`.
+   */
+  void checkDynamicTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef) {
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'dynamic');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [exportName] represents a reference to an entity
+   * declared in a file reachable via [absoluteUri] and [relativeUri], having
+   * name [expectedName].  [expectedKind] is the kind of object referenced.
+   * [expectedTargetUnit] is the index of the compilation unit in which the
+   * target of the [exportName] is expected to appear; if not specified it is
+   * assumed to be the defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  void checkExportName(LinkedExportName exportName, String absoluteUri,
+      String relativeUri, String expectedName, ReferenceKind expectedKind,
+      {int expectedTargetUnit: 0}) {
+    expect(exportName, new isInstanceOf<LinkedExportName>());
+    // Exported names must come from other libraries.
+    expect(exportName.dependency, isNot(0));
+    checkDependency(exportName.dependency, absoluteUri, relativeUri);
+    expect(exportName.name, expectedName);
+    expect(exportName.kind, expectedKind);
+    expect(exportName.unit, expectedTargetUnit);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the dependency table contains an entry for a file reachable
+   * via the given [relativeUri].  If [fullyLinked] is
+   * `true`, then the dependency should be a fully-linked dependency; otherwise
+   * it should be a prelinked dependency.
+   *
+   * The index of the [LinkedDependency] is returned.
+   */
+  int checkHasDependency(String relativeUri, {bool fullyLinked: false}) {
+    List<String> found = <String>[];
+    for (int i = 0; i < linked.dependencies.length; i++) {
+      LinkedDependency dep = linked.dependencies[i];
+      if (dep.uri == relativeUri) {
+        if (fullyLinked) {
+          expect(i, greaterThanOrEqualTo(linked.numPrelinkedDependencies));
+        } else {
+          expect(i, lessThan(linked.numPrelinkedDependencies));
+        }
+        return i;
+      }
+      found.add(dep.uri);
+    }
+    fail('Did not find dependency $relativeUri.  Found: $found');
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test an inferred type.  If [onlyInStrongMode] is `true` (the default) and
+   * strong mode is disabled, verify that the given [slotId] exists and has no
+   * associated type.  Otherwise, behave as in [checkLinkedTypeSlot].
+   */
+  void checkInferredTypeSlot(
+      int slotId, String absoluteUri, String relativeUri, String expectedName,
+      {int numTypeArguments: 0,
+      ReferenceKind expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+      int expectedTargetUnit: 0,
+      LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit,
+      UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit,
+      int numTypeParameters: 0,
+      bool onlyInStrongMode: true}) {
+    if (strongMode || !onlyInStrongMode) {
+      checkLinkedTypeSlot(slotId, absoluteUri, relativeUri, expectedName,
+          numTypeArguments: numTypeArguments,
+          expectedKind: expectedKind,
+          expectedTargetUnit: expectedTargetUnit,
+          linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+          unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit,
+          numTypeParameters: numTypeParameters);
+    } else {
+      // A slot id should have been assigned but it should not be associated
+      // with any type.
+      expect(slotId, isNot(0));
+      expect(getTypeRefForSlot(slotId, linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit),
+          isNull);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the dependency table *does not* contain any entries for a file
+   * reachable via the given [relativeUri].
+   */
+  void checkLacksDependency(String relativeUri) {
+    for (LinkedDependency dep in linked.dependencies) {
+      if (dep.uri == relativeUri) {
+        fail('Unexpected dependency found: $relativeUri');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents the type `dynamic`.
+   */
+  void checkLinkedDynamicTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef) {
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'dynamic');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents a reference to a type declared
+   * in a file reachable via [absoluteUri] and [relativeUri], having name
+   * [expectedName].  Verify that the number of type arguments
+   * is equal to [numTypeArguments].  [expectedKind] is the kind of object
+   * referenced.  [linkedSourceUnit] and [unlinkedSourceUnit] refer to the
+   * compilation unit within which the [typeRef] appears; if not specified they
+   * are assumed to refer to the defining compilation unit.
+   * [expectedTargetUnit] is the index of the compilation unit in which the
+   * target of the [typeRef] is expected to appear; if not specified it is
+   * assumed to be the defining compilation unit.  [numTypeParameters] is the
+   * number of type parameters of the thing being referred to.
+   */
+  void checkLinkedTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef, String absoluteUri,
+      String relativeUri, String expectedName,
+      {int numTypeArguments: 0,
+      ReferenceKind expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+      int expectedTargetUnit: 0,
+      LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit,
+      UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit,
+      int numTypeParameters: 0}) {
+    linkedSourceUnit ??= definingUnit;
+    expect(typeRef, isNotNull,
+        reason: 'No entry in linkedSourceUnit.types matching slotId');
+    expect(typeRef.paramReference, 0);
+    int index = typeRef.reference;
+    expect(typeRef.typeArguments, hasLength(numTypeArguments));
+    checkReferenceIndex(index, absoluteUri, relativeUri, expectedName,
+        expectedKind: expectedKind,
+        expectedTargetUnit: expectedTargetUnit,
+        linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit,
+        numTypeParameters: numTypeParameters);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [slotId] represents a reference to a type declared
+   * in a file reachable via [absoluteUri] and [relativeUri], having name
+   * [expectedName].  Verify that the number of type arguments
+   * is equal to [numTypeArguments].  [expectedKind] is the kind of object
+   * referenced.  [linkedSourceUnit] and [unlinkedSourceUnit] refer to the
+   * compilation unit within which the [typeRef] appears; if not specified they
+   * are assumed to refer to the defining compilation unit.
+   * [expectedTargetUnit] is the index of the compilation unit in which the
+   * target of the [typeRef] is expected to appear; if not specified it is
+   * assumed to be the defining compilation unit.  [numTypeParameters] is the
+   * number of type parameters of the thing being referred to.
+   */
+  void checkLinkedTypeSlot(
+      int slotId, String absoluteUri, String relativeUri, String expectedName,
+      {int numTypeArguments: 0,
+      ReferenceKind expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+      int expectedTargetUnit: 0,
+      LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit,
+      UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit,
+      int numTypeParameters: 0}) {
+    // Slot ids should be nonzero, since zero means "no associated slot".
+    expect(slotId, isNot(0));
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    linkedSourceUnit ??= definingUnit;
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        getTypeRefForSlot(slotId, linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit),
+        absoluteUri,
+        relativeUri,
+        expectedName,
+        numTypeArguments: numTypeArguments,
+        expectedKind: expectedKind,
+        expectedTargetUnit: expectedTargetUnit,
+        linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit,
+        numTypeParameters: numTypeParameters);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents a reference to a type parameter
+   * having the given [deBruijnIndex].
+   */
+  void checkParamTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef, int deBruijnIndex) {
+    expect(typeRef, new isInstanceOf<EntityRef>());
+    expect(typeRef.reference, 0);
+    expect(typeRef.typeArguments, isEmpty);
+    expect(typeRef.paramReference, deBruijnIndex);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that [prefixReference] is a valid reference to a prefix having the
+   * given [name].
+   */
+  void checkPrefix(int prefixReference, String name) {
+    expect(prefixReference, isNot(0));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].references[prefixReference].prefixReference, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].references[prefixReference].name, name);
+    expect(definingUnit.references[prefixReference].dependency, 0);
+    expect(definingUnit.references[prefixReference].kind, ReferenceKind.prefix);
+    expect(definingUnit.references[prefixReference].unit, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check the data structures that are reachable from an index in the
+   * references table..  If the reference in question is an explicit
+   * reference, return the [UnlinkedReference] that is used to make the
+   * explicit reference.  If the type reference in question is an implicit
+   * reference, return `null`.
+   */
+  UnlinkedReference checkReferenceIndex(int referenceIndex, String absoluteUri,
+      String relativeUri, String expectedName,
+      {ReferenceKind expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+      int expectedTargetUnit: 0,
+      LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit,
+      UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit,
+      int numTypeParameters: 0,
+      int localIndex: 0,
+      bool unresolvedHasName: false}) {
+    linkedSourceUnit ??= definingUnit;
+    unlinkedSourceUnit ??= unlinkedUnits[0];
+    LinkedReference referenceResolution =
+        linkedSourceUnit.references[referenceIndex];
+    String name;
+    UnlinkedReference reference;
+    if (referenceIndex < unlinkedSourceUnit.references.length) {
+      // This is an explicit reference, so its name and prefix should be in
+      // [UnlinkedUnit.references].
+      expect(referenceResolution.name, isEmpty);
+      reference = unlinkedSourceUnit.references[referenceIndex];
+      name = reference.name;
+      if (reference.prefixReference != 0) {
+        // Prefixes should appear in the references table before any reference
+        // that uses them.
+        expect(reference.prefixReference, lessThan(referenceIndex));
+      }
+    } else {
+      // This is an implicit reference, so its name should be in
+      // [LinkedUnit.references].
+      name = referenceResolution.name;
+    }
+    // Index 0 is reserved.
+    expect(referenceIndex, isNot(0));
+    if (absoluteUri == null) {
+      expect(referenceResolution.dependency, 0);
+    } else {
+      checkDependency(referenceResolution.dependency, absoluteUri, relativeUri);
+    }
+    if (expectedName == null) {
+      expect(name, isEmpty);
+    } else {
+      expect(name, expectedName);
+    }
+    expect(referenceResolution.kind, expectedKind);
+    expect(referenceResolution.unit, expectedTargetUnit);
+    expect(referenceResolution.numTypeParameters, numTypeParameters);
+    expect(referenceResolution.localIndex, localIndex);
+    return reference;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents a reference to a type declared
+   * in a file reachable via [absoluteUri] and [relativeUri], having name
+   * [expectedName].  If [expectedPrefix] is supplied, verify that the type is
+   * reached via the given prefix.  Verify that the number of type arguments
+   * is equal to [numTypeArguments].  [expectedKind] is the kind of
+   * object referenced.  [linkedSourceUnit] and [unlinkedSourceUnit] refer
+   * to the compilation unit within which the [typeRef] appears; if not
+   * specified they are assumed to refer to the defining compilation unit.
+   * [expectedTargetUnit] is the index of the compilation unit in which the
+   * target of the [typeRef] is expected to appear; if not specified it is
+   * assumed to be the defining compilation unit.  [numTypeParameters] is the
+   * number of type parameters of the thing being referred to.
+   */
+  void checkTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef, String absoluteUri, String relativeUri,
+      String expectedName,
+      {String expectedPrefix,
+      List<_PrefixExpectation> prefixExpectations,
+      int numTypeArguments: 0,
+      ReferenceKind expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+      int expectedTargetUnit: 0,
+      LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit,
+      UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit,
+      int numTypeParameters: 0,
+      bool unresolvedHasName: false}) {
+    linkedSourceUnit ??= definingUnit;
+    expect(typeRef, new isInstanceOf<EntityRef>());
+    expect(typeRef.paramReference, 0);
+    int index = typeRef.reference;
+    expect(typeRef.typeArguments, hasLength(numTypeArguments));
+    UnlinkedReference reference = checkReferenceIndex(
+        index, absoluteUri, relativeUri, expectedName,
+        expectedKind: expectedKind,
+        expectedTargetUnit: expectedTargetUnit,
+        linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit,
+        numTypeParameters: numTypeParameters,
+        unresolvedHasName: unresolvedHasName);
+    expect(reference, isNotNull,
+        reason: 'Unlinked type refs must refer to an explicit reference');
+    if (expectedPrefix != null) {
+      checkPrefix(reference.prefixReference, expectedPrefix);
+    } else if (prefixExpectations != null) {
+      for (_PrefixExpectation expectation in prefixExpectations) {
+        expect(reference.prefixReference, isNot(0));
+        reference = checkReferenceIndex(reference.prefixReference,
+            expectation.absoluteUri, expectation.relativeUri, expectation.name,
+            expectedKind: expectation.kind,
+            expectedTargetUnit: expectedTargetUnit,
+            linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+            unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit,
+            numTypeParameters: expectation.numTypeParameters);
+      }
+      expect(reference.prefixReference, 0);
+    } else {
+      expect(reference.prefixReference, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents a reference to an unresolved
+   * type.
+   */
+  void checkUnresolvedTypeRef(
+      EntityRef typeRef, String expectedPrefix, String expectedName,
+      {LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit, UnlinkedUnit unlinkedSourceUnit}) {
+    // When serializing from the element model, unresolved type refs lose their
+    // name.
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, expectedName,
+        expectedPrefix: expectedPrefix,
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+        linkedSourceUnit: linkedSourceUnit,
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedSourceUnit);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify that the given [typeRef] represents the type `void`.
+   */
+  void checkVoidTypeRef(EntityRef typeRef) {
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'void');
+  }
+
+  fail_invalid_prefix_dynamic() {
+//    if (checkAstDerivedData) {
+//      // TODO(paulberry): get this to work properly.
+//      return;
+//    }
+    var t = serializeTypeText('dynamic.T', allowErrors: true);
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(t, 'dynamic', 'T');
+  }
+
+  fail_invalid_prefix_type_parameter() {
+//    if (checkAstDerivedData) {
+//      // TODO(paulberry): get this to work properly.
+//      return;
+//    }
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(
+        serializeClassText('class C<T> { T.U x; }', allowErrors: true)
+            .fields[0]
+            .type,
+        'T',
+        'U');
+  }
+
+  fail_invalid_prefix_void() {
+//    if (checkAstDerivedData) {
+//      // TODO(paulberry): get this to work properly.
+//      return;
+//    }
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('void.T', allowErrors: true), 'void', 'T');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the class with the given [className] in the summary, and return its
+   * [UnlinkedClass] data structure.  If [unit] is not given, the class is
+   * looked for in the defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  UnlinkedClass findClass(String className,
+      {bool failIfAbsent: false, UnlinkedUnit unit}) {
+    unit ??= unlinkedUnits[0];
+    UnlinkedClass result;
+    for (UnlinkedClass cls in unit.classes) {
+      if (cls.name == className) {
+        if (result != null) {
+          fail('Duplicate class $className');
+        }
+        result = cls;
+      }
+    }
+    if (result == null && failIfAbsent) {
+      fail('Class $className not found in serialized output');
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the enum with the given [enumName] in the summary, and return its
+   * [UnlinkedEnum] data structure.  If [unit] is not given, the enum is looked
+   * for in the defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  UnlinkedEnum findEnum(String enumName,
+      {bool failIfAbsent: false, UnlinkedUnit unit}) {
+    unit ??= unlinkedUnits[0];
+    UnlinkedEnum result;
+    for (UnlinkedEnum e in unit.enums) {
+      if (e.name == enumName) {
+        if (result != null) {
+          fail('Duplicate enum $enumName');
+        }
+        result = e;
+      }
+    }
+    if (result == null && failIfAbsent) {
+      fail('Enum $enumName not found in serialized output');
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the executable with the given [executableName] in the summary, and
+   * return its [UnlinkedExecutable] data structure.  If [executables] is not
+   * given, then the executable is searched for in the defining compilation
+   * unit.
+   */
+  UnlinkedExecutable findExecutable(String executableName,
+      {List<UnlinkedExecutable> executables, bool failIfAbsent: false}) {
+    executables ??= unlinkedUnits[0].executables;
+    UnlinkedExecutable result;
+    for (UnlinkedExecutable executable in executables) {
+      if (executable.name == executableName) {
+        if (result != null) {
+          fail('Duplicate executable $executableName');
+        }
+        result = executable;
+      }
+    }
+    if (result == null && failIfAbsent) {
+      fail('Executable $executableName not found in serialized output');
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the typedef with the given [typedefName] in the summary, and return
+   * its [UnlinkedTypedef] data structure.  If [unit] is not given, the typedef
+   * is looked for in the defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  UnlinkedTypedef findTypedef(String typedefName,
+      {bool failIfAbsent: false, UnlinkedUnit unit}) {
+    unit ??= unlinkedUnits[0];
+    UnlinkedTypedef result;
+    for (UnlinkedTypedef type in unit.typedefs) {
+      if (type.name == typedefName) {
+        if (result != null) {
+          fail('Duplicate typedef $typedefName');
+        }
+        result = type;
+      }
+    }
+    if (result == null && failIfAbsent) {
+      fail('Typedef $typedefName not found in serialized output');
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the top level variable with the given [variableName] in the summary,
+   * and return its [UnlinkedVariable] data structure.  If [variables] is not
+   * specified, the variable is looked for in the defining compilation unit.
+   */
+  UnlinkedVariable findVariable(String variableName,
+      {List<UnlinkedVariable> variables, bool failIfAbsent: false}) {
+    variables ??= unlinkedUnits[0].variables;
+    UnlinkedVariable result;
+    for (UnlinkedVariable variable in variables) {
+      if (variable.name == variableName) {
+        if (result != null) {
+          fail('Duplicate variable $variableName');
+        }
+        result = variable;
+      }
+    }
+    if (result == null && failIfAbsent) {
+      fail('Variable $variableName not found in serialized output');
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the entry in [linkedSourceUnit.types] matching [slotId].
+   */
+  EntityRef getTypeRefForSlot(int slotId, {LinkedUnit linkedSourceUnit}) {
+    linkedSourceUnit ??= definingUnit;
+    for (EntityRef typeRef in linkedSourceUnit.types) {
+      if (typeRef.slot == slotId) {
+        return typeRef;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text] and return the summary of the class
+   * with the given [className].
+   */
+  UnlinkedClass serializeClassText(String text,
+      {String className: 'C', bool allowErrors: false}) {
+    serializeLibraryText(text, allowErrors: allowErrors);
+    return findClass(className, failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text] and return the summary of the enum with
+   * the given [enumName].
+   */
+  UnlinkedEnum serializeEnumText(String text, [String enumName = 'E']) {
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    return findEnum(enumName, failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text] and return the summary of the
+   * executable with the given [executableName].
+   */
+  UnlinkedExecutable serializeExecutableText(String text,
+      {String executableName: 'f', bool allowErrors: false}) {
+    serializeLibraryText(text, allowErrors: allowErrors);
+    return findExecutable(executableName, failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text], then deserialize it and store its
+   * summary in [lib].
+   */
+  void serializeLibraryText(String text, {bool allowErrors: false});
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given method [text] and return the summary of the executable
+   * with the given [executableName].
+   */
+  UnlinkedExecutable serializeMethodText(String text,
+      [String executableName = 'f']) {
+    serializeLibraryText('class C { $text }');
+    return findExecutable(executableName,
+        executables: findClass('C', failIfAbsent: true).executables,
+        failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text] and return the summary of the typedef
+   * with the given [typedefName].
+   */
+  UnlinkedTypedef serializeTypedefText(String text,
+      [String typedefName = 'F']) {
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    return findTypedef(typedefName, failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize a type declaration using the given [text] as a type name, and
+   * return a summary of the corresponding [EntityRef].  If the type
+   * declaration needs to refer to types that are not available in core, those
+   * types may be declared in [otherDeclarations].
+   */
+  EntityRef serializeTypeText(String text,
+      {String otherDeclarations: '', bool allowErrors: false}) {
+    return serializeVariableText('$otherDeclarations\n$text v;',
+            allowErrors: allowErrors)
+        .type;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize the given library [text] and return the summary of the variable
+   * with the given [variableName].
+   */
+  UnlinkedVariable serializeVariableText(String text,
+      {String variableName: 'v', bool allowErrors: false}) {
+    serializeLibraryText(text, allowErrors: allowErrors);
+    return findVariable(variableName, failIfAbsent: true);
+  }
+
+  test_bottom_reference_shared() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The synthetic executables for both `x` and `y` have type `() => `Bottom`.
+    // Verify that they both use the same reference to `Bottom`.
+    serializeLibraryText('int x = null; int y = null;');
+    EntityRef xInitializerReturnType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(findVariable('x').initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    EntityRef yInitializerReturnType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(findVariable('y').initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    expect(xInitializerReturnType.reference, yInitializerReturnType.reference);
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_export_hide_hide() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib1.dart', 'export "lib2.dart" hide C hide B, C;');
+    addNamedSource('/lib2.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib1.dart';
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib2.dart'), 'lib2.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_export_hide_show() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib1.dart', 'export "lib2.dart" hide C show A, C;');
+    addNamedSource('/lib2.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib1.dart';
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib2.dart'), 'lib2.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_export_show_hide() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib1.dart', 'export "lib2.dart" show A, B hide B, C;');
+    addNamedSource('/lib2.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib1.dart';
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib2.dart'), 'lib2.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_export_show_show() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib1.dart', 'export "lib2.dart" show A, B show A, C;');
+    addNamedSource('/lib2.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib1.dart';
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib2.dart'), 'lib2.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_import_hide_hide() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib.dart' hide C hide B, C;
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_import_hide_show() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib.dart' hide C show A, C;
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_import_show_hide() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib.dart' show A, B hide B, C;
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_cascaded_import_show_show() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'class A {} class B {} class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'lib.dart' show A, B show A, C;
+A a;
+B b;
+C c;
+    ''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('a').type, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'A');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, null, 'B');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_class_abstract() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('abstract class C {}');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, true);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_abstract() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'abstract class C = D with E; class D {} class E {}');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, true);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_concrete() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C = _D with _E; class _D {} class _E {}');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+class C = D with E;
+
+class D {}
+class E {}''';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text);
+    expect(cls.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(cls.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_flag() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C = D with E; class D {} class E {}');
+    expect(cls.isMixinApplication, true);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_generic() {
+    serializeClassText('class C<A, B> = _D with _E; class _D {} class _E {}');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_mixin_order() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C = D with E, F;
+class D {}
+class E {}
+class F {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.mixins, hasLength(2));
+    checkTypeRef(cls.mixins[0], null, null, 'E');
+    checkTypeRef(cls.mixins[1], null, null, 'F');
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_no_implicit_constructors() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C = D with E;
+class D {
+  D.foo();
+  D.bar();
+}
+class E {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.executables, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_private() {
+    serializeClassText('class _C = _D with _E; class _D {} class _E {}',
+        className: '_C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_reference_generic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('C',
+        otherDeclarations: 'class C<D, E> = F with G; class F {} class G {}');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'C', numTypeParameters: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_reference_generic_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/lib.dart', 'class C<D, E> = F with G; class F {} class G {}');
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'import "lib.dart";');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'C',
+        numTypeParameters: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_alias_supertype() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C = D with E; class D {} class E {}');
+    checkTypeRef(cls.supertype, null, null, 'D');
+    expect(cls.hasNoSupertype, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_class_codeRange() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(' class C {}');
+    _assertCodeRange(cls.codeRange, 1, 10);
+  }
+
+  test_class_concrete() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_class_constMembers() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  int fieldInstance = 0;
+  final int fieldInstanceFinal = 0;
+  static int fieldStatic = 0;
+  static final int fieldStaticFinal = 0;
+  static const int fieldStaticConst = 0;
+  static const int _fieldStaticConstPrivate = 0;
+  static void methodStaticPublic() {}
+  static void _methodStaticPrivate() {}
+  void methodInstancePublic() {}
+  C operator+(C c) => null;
+}
+''');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedPublicName className = unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0];
+    expect(className.kind, ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+    expect(className.name, 'C');
+    expect(className.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    // executables
+    Map<String, UnlinkedPublicName> executablesMap =
+        <String, UnlinkedPublicName>{};
+    className.members.forEach((e) => executablesMap[e.name] = e);
+    expect(executablesMap, hasLength(4));
+    Map<String, ReferenceKind> expectedExecutableKinds =
+        <String, ReferenceKind>{
+      'fieldStaticConst': ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+      'fieldStaticFinal': ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+      'fieldStatic': ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+      'methodStaticPublic': ReferenceKind.method,
+    };
+    expectedExecutableKinds.forEach((String name, ReferenceKind expectedKind) {
+      UnlinkedPublicName executable = executablesMap[name];
+      expect(executable.kind, expectedKind);
+      expect(executable.members, isEmpty);
+    });
+  }
+
+  test_class_constMembers_constructors() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  const C();
+  const C.constructorNamedPublicConst();
+  C.constructorNamedPublic();
+  C._constructorNamedPrivate();
+}
+''');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedPublicName className = unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0];
+    expect(className.kind, ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+    expect(className.name, 'C');
+    expect(className.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    // executables
+    Map<String, UnlinkedPublicName> executablesMap =
+        <String, UnlinkedPublicName>{};
+    className.members.forEach((e) => executablesMap[e.name] = e);
+    expect(executablesMap, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedPublicName executable =
+          executablesMap['constructorNamedPublicConst'];
+      expect(executable.kind, ReferenceKind.constructor);
+      expect(executable.members, isEmpty);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedPublicName executable = executablesMap['constructorNamedPublic'];
+      expect(executable.kind, ReferenceKind.constructor);
+      expect(executable.members, isEmpty);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_class_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+class C {}''';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text);
+    expect(cls.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(cls.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_class_documented_with_references() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs referring to [D] and [E]
+ */
+class C {}
+
+class D {}
+class E {}''';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text);
+    expect(cls.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(cls.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_class_documented_with_with_windows_line_endings() {
+    String text = '/**\r\n * Docs\r\n */\r\nclass C {}';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text);
+    expect(cls.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(cls.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_class_interface() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C implements D {}
+class D {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.interfaces, hasLength(1));
+    checkTypeRef(cls.interfaces[0], null, null, 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_class_interface_order() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C implements D, E {}
+class D {}
+class E {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.interfaces, hasLength(2));
+    checkTypeRef(cls.interfaces[0], null, null, 'D');
+    checkTypeRef(cls.interfaces[1], null, null, 'E');
+  }
+
+  test_class_mixin() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C extends Object with D {}
+class D {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.mixins, hasLength(1));
+    checkTypeRef(cls.mixins[0], null, null, 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_class_mixin_order() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C extends Object with D, E {}
+class D {}
+class E {}
+''');
+    expect(cls.mixins, hasLength(2));
+    checkTypeRef(cls.mixins[0], null, null, 'D');
+    checkTypeRef(cls.mixins[1], null, null, 'E');
+  }
+
+  test_class_name() {
+    var classText = 'class C {}';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(classText);
+    expect(cls.name, 'C');
+    expect(cls.nameOffset, classText.indexOf('C'));
+  }
+
+  test_class_no_flags() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(cls.isMixinApplication, false);
+  }
+
+  test_class_no_interface() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.interfaces, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_no_mixins() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.mixins, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_no_type_param() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.typeParameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_non_alias_flag() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.isMixinApplication, false);
+  }
+
+  test_class_private() {
+    serializeClassText('class _C {}', className: '_C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_class_reference_generic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'class C<D, E> {}');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'C', numTypeParameters: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_reference_generic_imported() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'class C<D, E> {}');
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'import "lib.dart";');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'C',
+        numTypeParameters: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_superclass() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C {}');
+    expect(cls.supertype, isNull);
+    expect(cls.hasNoSupertype, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_class_superclass_explicit() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C extends D {} class D {}');
+    expect(cls.supertype, isNotNull);
+    checkTypeRef(cls.supertype, null, null, 'D');
+    expect(cls.hasNoSupertype, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_class_type_param_bound() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C<T extends List> {}');
+    expect(cls.typeParameters, hasLength(1));
+    {
+      UnlinkedTypeParam typeParameter = cls.typeParameters[0];
+      expect(typeParameter.name, 'T');
+      expect(typeParameter.bound, isNotNull);
+      checkTypeRef(typeParameter.bound, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'List',
+          numTypeParameters: 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_class_type_param_f_bound() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C<T, U extends List<T>> {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = cls.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 2);
+  }
+
+  test_class_type_param_f_bound_self_ref() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C<T, U extends List<U>> {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = cls.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_class_type_param_no_bound() {
+    String text = 'class C<T> {}';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text);
+    expect(cls.typeParameters, hasLength(1));
+    expect(cls.typeParameters[0].name, 'T');
+    expect(cls.typeParameters[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('T'));
+    expect(cls.typeParameters[0].bound, isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_closure_executable_with_bottom_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText('f() { print((() => null)()); }');
+    expect(executable.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    expect(executable.localFunctions[0].returnType, isNull);
+    if (strongMode) {
+      // Strong mode infers a type for the closure of `() => dynamic`, so the
+      // inferred return type slot should be empty.
+      expect(
+          getTypeRefForSlot(
+              executable.localFunctions[0].inferredReturnTypeSlot),
+          isNull);
+    } else {
+      // Spec mode infers a type for the closure of `() => Bottom`.
+      checkInferredTypeSlot(executable.localFunctions[0].inferredReturnTypeSlot,
+          null, null, '*bottom*',
+          onlyInStrongMode: false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_closure_executable_with_imported_return_type() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C { D d; } class D {}');
+    // The closure has type `() => D`; `D` is defined in a library that is
+    // imported.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(
+        'import "a.dart"; f() { print((() => new C().d)()); }');
+    expect(executable.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    expect(executable.localFunctions[0].returnType, isNull);
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(executable.localFunctions[0].inferredReturnTypeSlot,
+        absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'D',
+        onlyInStrongMode: false);
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart', fullyLinked: false);
+  }
+
+  test_closure_executable_with_return_type_from_closure() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The closure has type `() => () => int`, where the `() => int` part refers
+    // to the nested closure.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('''
+f() {
+  print(() {}); // force the closure below to have index 1
+  print(() => () => 0);
+}
+''');
+    expect(executable.localFunctions, hasLength(2));
+    EntityRef closureType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(executable.localFunctions[1].inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(closureType, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int outerClosureIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[closureType.reference].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(outerClosureIndex, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function, localIndex: 1);
+    int topLevelFunctionIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[outerClosureIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(topLevelFunctionIndex, null, null, 'f',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+    expect(
+        definingUnit.references[topLevelFunctionIndex].containingReference, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_closure_executable_with_unimported_return_type() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'import "b.dart"; class C { D d; }');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'class D {}');
+    // The closure has type `() => D`; `D` is defined in a library that is not
+    // imported.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(
+        'import "a.dart"; f() { print((() => new C().d)()); }');
+    expect(executable.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    expect(executable.localFunctions[0].returnType, isNull);
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(executable.localFunctions[0].inferredReturnTypeSlot,
+        absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'D',
+        onlyInStrongMode: false);
+    if (!skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      checkHasDependency('b.dart', fullyLinked: true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_add() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 + 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.add
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_and() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = true && false;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushTrue,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushFalse,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.and
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_bitAnd() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 & 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.bitAnd
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_bitOr() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 | 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.bitOr
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_bitShiftLeft() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 << 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.bitShiftLeft
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_bitShiftRight() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 >> 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.bitShiftRight
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_bitXor() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 ^ 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.bitXor
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_divide() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 / 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.divide
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_equal() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 == 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.equal
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_equal_not() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 != 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.notEqual
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_floorDivide() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 ~/ 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.floorDivide
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_greater() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 > 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.greater
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_greaterEqual() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 >= 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.greaterEqual
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_less() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 < 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.less
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_lessEqual() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 <= 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.lessEqual
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_modulo() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 % 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.modulo
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_multiply() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 * 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.multiply
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_or() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = false || true;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushFalse,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushTrue,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.or
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_binary_subtract() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1 - 2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.subtract
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_classMember_shadows_typeParam() {
+    // Although it is an error for a class member to have the same name as a
+    // type parameter, the spec makes it clear that the class member scope is
+    // nested inside the type parameter scope.  So go ahead and verify that
+    // the class member shadows the type parameter.
+    String text = '''
+class C<T> {
+  static const T = null;
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = T;
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(text, allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.executables[0].constantInitializers[0].expression,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'T',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                        numTypeParameters: 1)
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_conditional() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = true ? 1 : 2;', allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushTrue,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.conditional
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_constructorParam_shadows_classMember() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  static const a = null;
+  final b;
+  const C(a) : b = a;
+}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.executables[0].constantInitializers[0].expression,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter], strings: ['a']);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_constructorParam_shadows_typeParam() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C<T> {
+  final x;
+  const C(T) : x = T;
+}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.executables[0].constantInitializers[0].expression,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter], strings: ['T']);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_functionExpression_asArgument() {
+    // Even though function expressions are not allowed in constant
+    // declarations, they might occur due to erroneous code, so make sure they
+    // function correctly.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+const v = foo(5, () => 42);
+foo(a, b) {}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          2,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_functionExpression_asArgument_multiple() {
+    // Even though function expressions are not allowed in constant
+    // declarations, they might occur due to erroneous code, so make sure they
+    // function correctly.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+const v = foo(5, () => 42, () => 43);
+foo(a, b, c) {}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          1,
+          0,
+          3,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_functionExpression_inConstructorInitializers() {
+    // Even though function expressions are not allowed in constant
+    // declarations, they might occur due to erroneous code, so make sure they
+    // function correctly.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  final x, y;
+  const C() : x = (() => 42), y = (() => 43);
+}
+''').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.localFunctions, hasLength(2));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(executable.constantInitializers[0].expression,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference],
+        ints: [0, 0]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(executable.constantInitializers[1].expression,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference],
+        ints: [0, 1]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_named() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C.named();
+}
+const v = const C<int, String>.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+            prefixExpectations: [
+              new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                  numTypeParameters: 2)
+            ],
+            numTypeArguments: 2);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_named_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C.named();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = const C<int, String>.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+            prefixExpectations: [
+              new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                  absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'),
+                  relativeUri: 'a.dart',
+                  numTypeParameters: 2)
+            ],
+            numTypeArguments: 2);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_named_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C.named();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C<int, String>.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+            prefixExpectations: [
+              new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                  absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'),
+                  relativeUri: 'a.dart',
+                  numTypeParameters: 2),
+              new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+            ],
+            numTypeArguments: 2);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C();
+}
+const v = const C<int, String>();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+            numTypeParameters: 2,
+            numTypeArguments: 2);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_unnamed_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = const C<int, String>();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+            numTypeParameters: 2,
+            numTypeArguments: 2);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_generic_unnamed_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C<K, V> {
+  const C();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C<int, String>();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+            numTypeParameters: 2,
+            numTypeArguments: 2,
+            prefixExpectations: [
+              new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+            ]);
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+        checkTypeRef(r.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_named() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  const C.named();
+}
+const v = const C.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_named_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C.named();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = const C.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_named_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C.named();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C.named();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  const C(a, b, c, d, {e, f, g});
+}
+const v = const C(11, 22, 3.3, '444', e: 55, g: '777', f: 66);
+''');
+    // Stack: 11 22 3.3 '444' 55 '777' 66 ^head
+    // Ints: ^pointer 3 4
+    // Doubles: ^pointer
+    // Strings: ^pointer 'e' 'g' 'f' ''
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushDouble,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      55,
+      66,
+      3,
+      4,
+    ], doubles: [
+      3.3
+    ], strings: [
+      '444',
+      '777',
+      'e',
+      'g',
+      'f'
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unnamed_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = const C();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unnamed_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C();
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unresolved_named() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+class C {}
+const v = const C.foo();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unresolved_named2() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+const v = const C.foo();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unresolved_named_prefixed() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C.foo();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unresolved_named_prefixed2() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = const p.C.foo();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'C'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeConstructor_unresolved_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+const v = const Foo();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'Foo',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_invokeMethodRef_identical() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = identical(42, null);');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+    ], ints: [
+      42,
+      0,
+      2,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'identical',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_classConstField() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static const int length = 0;
+}
+const int v = C.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_classConstField_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static const int length = 0;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const int v = p.C.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_identifierTarget() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+const String a = 'aaa';
+const int v = a.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              unresolvedHasName: true,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(
+                    ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_identifierTarget_classConstField() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static const String F = '';
+}
+const int v = C.F.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              unresolvedHasName: true,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor, 'F'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C'),
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_identifierTarget_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+const String a = 'aaa';
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const int v = a.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              unresolvedHasName: true,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(
+                    ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_identifierTarget_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+const String a = 'aaa';
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const int v = p.a.length;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'length',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              unresolvedHasName: true,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(
+                    ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_parenthesizedBinaryTarget() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = ("abc" + "edf").length;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty
+    ], strings: [
+      'abc',
+      'edf',
+      'length'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_parenthesizedStringTarget() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = ("abc").length;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty
+    ], strings: [
+      'abc',
+      'length'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_length_stringLiteralTarget() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = "abc".length;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty
+    ], strings: [
+      'abc',
+      'length'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeSymbol() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = #a.bb.ccc;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.makeSymbol], strings: ['a.bb.ccc']);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeTypedList() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = const <int>[11, 22, 33];');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeTypedList
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeTypedList_dynamic() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = const <dynamic>[11, 22, 33];');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeTypedList
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkDynamicTypeRef(r)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeTypedMap() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        'const v = const <int, String>{11: "aaa", 22: "bbb", 33: "ccc"};');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeTypedMap
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ], strings: [
+      'aaa',
+      'bbb',
+      'ccc'
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum),
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeTypedMap_dynamic() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        'const v = const <dynamic, dynamic>{11: "aaa", 22: "bbb", 33: "ccc"};');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeTypedMap
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ], strings: [
+      'aaa',
+      'bbb',
+      'ccc'
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkDynamicTypeRef(r),
+      (EntityRef r) => checkDynamicTypeRef(r)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeUntypedList() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = const [11, 22, 33];');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeUntypedList
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_makeUntypedMap() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        'const v = const {11: "aaa", 22: "bbb", 33: "ccc"};');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.makeUntypedMap
+    ], ints: [
+      11,
+      22,
+      33,
+      3
+    ], strings: [
+      'aaa',
+      'bbb',
+      'ccc'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_parenthesized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = (1 + 2) * 3;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.multiply,
+    ], ints: [
+      1,
+      2,
+      3
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_prefix_complement() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = ~2;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.complement
+    ], ints: [
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_prefix_negate() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = -(2);');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.negate
+    ], ints: [
+      2
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_prefix_not() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = !true;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushTrue,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.not
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushDouble() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 123.4567;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushDouble], doubles: [123.4567]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushFalse() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = false;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushFalse]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushInt() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 1;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushInt_max() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 0xFFFFFFFF;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+    ], ints: [
+      0xFFFFFFFF
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushInt_negative() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = -5;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.negate
+    ], ints: [
+      5
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushLongInt() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = 0xA123456789ABCDEF012345678;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLongInt],
+        ints: [4, 0xA, 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0, 0x12345678]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushLongInt_min2() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = 0x100000000;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLongInt
+    ], ints: [
+      2,
+      1,
+      0,
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushLongInt_min3() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = 0x10000000000000000;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLongInt
+    ], ints: [
+      3,
+      1,
+      0,
+      0,
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushNull() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = null;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_class() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {}
+const v = C;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_enum() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+enum C {V1, V2, V3}
+const v = C;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_enumValue() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+enum C {V1, V2, V3}
+const v = C.V1;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'V1',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_enumValue_viaImport() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+enum C {V1, V2, V3}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = C.V1;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'V1',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_enumValues() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+enum C {V1, V2, V3}
+const v = C.values;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'values',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_enumValues_viaImport() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+enum C {V1, V2, V3}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = C.values;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'values',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_field() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static const int F = 1;
+}
+const v = C.F;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'F',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_field_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static const int F = 1;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = C.F;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'F',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_field_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static const int F = 1;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.C.F;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'F',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p'),
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_field_simpleIdentifier() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  static const a = b;
+  static const b = null;
+}
+''').fields[0];
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'b',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticGetter() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static int get x => null;
+}
+const v = C.x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'x',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticGetter_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static int get x => null;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = C.x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'x',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticGetter_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static int get x => null;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.C.x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'x',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticMethod() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static m() {}
+}
+const v = C.m;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticMethod_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static m() {}
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = C.m;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticMethod_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static m() {}
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.C.m;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_staticMethod_simpleIdentifier() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText('''
+class C {
+  static const a = m;
+  static m() {}
+}
+''').fields[0];
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelFunction() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+f() {}
+const v = f;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelFunction_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+f() {}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = f;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelFunction_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+f() {}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.f;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelGetter() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+int get x => null;
+const v = x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'x',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelGetter_imported() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'int get x => null;');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'x',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelGetter_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'int get x => null;');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.x;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'x',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor,
+          expectedPrefix: 'p')
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelVariable() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+const int a = 1;
+const v = a;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelVariable_imported() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'const int a = 1;');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+const v = a;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'a',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_topLevelVariable_imported_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'const int a = 1;');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.a;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        return checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'a',
+            expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor,
+            expectedPrefix: 'p');
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_typeParameter() {
+    String text = '''
+class C<T> {
+  static const a = T;
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText(text, allowErrors: true).fields[0];
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) {
+        return checkParamTypeRef(r, 1);
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_unresolved_prefix0() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+const v = foo;
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_unresolved_prefix1() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+class C {}
+const v = C.foo;
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushReference_unresolved_prefix2() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+const v = p.C.foo;
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p'),
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushString_adjacent() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const v = "aaa" "b" "ccc";');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString], strings: ['aaabccc']);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushString_adjacent_interpolation() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText(r'const v = "aaa" "bb ${42} bbb" "cccc";');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.concatenate,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.concatenate,
+    ], ints: [
+      42,
+      3,
+      3,
+    ], strings: [
+      'aaa',
+      'bb ',
+      ' bbb',
+      'cccc'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushString_interpolation() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText(r'const v = "aaa ${42} bbb";');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.concatenate
+    ], ints: [
+      42,
+      3
+    ], strings: [
+      'aaa ',
+      ' bbb'
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushString_simple() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = "abc";');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString], strings: ['abc']);
+  }
+
+  test_constExpr_pushTrue() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('const v = true;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushTrue]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor() {
+    String text = 'class C { C(); }';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(text).executables);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.constructor);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.nameOffset, text.indexOf('C();'));
+    expect(executable.periodOffset, 0);
+    expect(executable.nameEnd, 0);
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructor, isNull);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    expect(executable.visibleOffset, 0);
+    expect(executable.visibleLength, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_anonymous() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.name, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_const() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { const C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isConst, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_const_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { external const C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isConst, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  /**
+   * Docs
+   */
+  C();
+}''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeClassText(text).executables[0];
+    expect(executable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(executable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { external C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_factory() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { factory C() => null; }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_implicit() {
+    // Implicit constructors are not serialized.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable(null,
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(); }').executables,
+        failIfAbsent: false);
+    expect(executable, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_field() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = 42;
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.field);
+    expect(initializer.name, 'x');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.expression,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_field_withParameter() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C(int p) : x = p;
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.field);
+    expect(initializer.name, 'x');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.expression,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter], strings: ['p']);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_notConst() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  C() : x = 42;
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_superInvocation_named() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class A {
+  const A.aaa(int p);
+}
+class C extends A {
+  const C() : super.aaa(42);
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(
+        initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.superInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, 'aaa');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_superInvocation_namedExpression() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class A {
+  const A(a, {int b, int c});
+}
+class C extends A {
+  const C() : super(1, b: 2, c: 3);
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(
+        initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.superInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, '');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(3));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[1],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [2]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[2],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [3]);
+    expect(initializer.argumentNames, ['b', 'c']);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_superInvocation_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('ccc', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class A {
+  const A(int p);
+}
+class C extends A {
+  const C.ccc() : super(42);
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(
+        initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.superInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, '');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_thisInvocation_named() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  const C() : this.named(1, 'bbb');
+  const C.named(int a, String b);
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.thisInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, 'named');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(2));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[1],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString], strings: ['bbb']);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_thisInvocation_namedExpression() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  const C() : this.named(1, b: 2, c: 3);
+  const C.named(a, {int b, int c});
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.thisInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, 'named');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(3));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[1],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [2]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[2],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [3]);
+    expect(initializer.argumentNames, ['b', 'c']);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializers_thisInvocation_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('named', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  const C.named() : this(1, 'bbb');
+  const C(int a, String b);
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.constantInitializers, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedConstructorInitializer initializer =
+        executable.constantInitializers[0];
+    expect(initializer.kind, UnlinkedConstructorInitializerKind.thisInvocation);
+    expect(initializer.name, '');
+    expect(initializer.expression, isNull);
+    expect(initializer.arguments, hasLength(2));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[0],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(initializer.arguments[1],
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushString], strings: ['bbb']);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x); final x; }').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.isInitializingFormal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_explicit_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(int this.x); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    checkTypeRef(parameter.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x()); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.isFunctionTyped, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_explicit_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(int this.x()); Function x; }')
+                .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    checkTypeRef(parameter.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_implicit_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x()); Function x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.isFunctionTyped, isTrue);
+    expect(parameter.type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_no_parameters() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x()); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_parameter() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x(a)); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.parameters, hasLength(1));
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_parameter_order() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x(a, b)); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(parameter.parameters[0].name, 'a');
+    expect(parameter.parameters[1].name, 'b');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_function_typed_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  C([this.x() = foo]);
+  final x;
+}
+int foo() => 0;
+''').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.isFunctionTyped, isTrue);
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, 'foo');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(param.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_implicit_type() {
+    // Note: the implicit type of an initializing formal is the type of the
+    // field.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x); int x; }').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_name() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x); final x; }').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.name, 'x');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_named() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C({this.x}); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.named);
+    expect(parameter.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(parameter.defaultValueCode, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_named_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C({this.x: 42}); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.named);
+    expect(parameter.initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(parameter.defaultValueCode, '42');
+    _assertCodeRange(parameter.codeRange, 13, 10);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(parameter.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_non_function_typed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x); final x; }').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.isFunctionTyped, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_positional() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C([this.x]); final x; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(parameter.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(parameter.defaultValueCode, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_positional_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C([this.x = 42]); final x; }')
+                .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(parameter.initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(parameter.defaultValueCode, '42');
+    _assertCodeRange(parameter.codeRange, 13, 11);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(parameter.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_required() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { C(this.x); final x; }').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.required);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_typedef() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText(
+                'typedef F<T>(T x); class C<X> { C(this.f); F<X> f; }')
+            .executables);
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(parameter.isFunctionTyped, isFalse);
+    expect(parameter.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_initializing_formal_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  C([this.x = 42]);
+  final int x;
+}''').executables);
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, '42');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(param.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_named() {
+    String text = 'class C { C.foo(); }';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('foo',
+        executables: serializeClassText(text).executables);
+    expect(executable.name, 'foo');
+    expect(executable.nameOffset, text.indexOf('foo'));
+    expect(executable.periodOffset, text.indexOf('.foo'));
+    expect(executable.nameEnd, text.indexOf('()'));
+    _assertCodeRange(executable.codeRange, 10, 8);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_non_const() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isConst, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_non_factory() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_param_inferred_type_explicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ctor =
+        serializeClassText('class C { C(int v); }').executables[0];
+    expect(ctor.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.constructor);
+    expect(ctor.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_param_inferred_type_implicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ctor =
+        serializeClassText('class C { C(v); }').executables[0];
+    expect(ctor.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.constructor);
+    expect(ctor.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  factory C() = D.named;
+  C._();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D')
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named_generic() {
+    String text = '''
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = D<U, T>.named;
+  C._();
+}
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D',
+              numTypeParameters: 2)
+        ],
+        numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D extends C {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart';
+class C {
+  factory C() = D.named;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D',
+              absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'), relativeUri: 'foo.dart')
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named_imported_generic() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart';
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = D<U, T>.named;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D',
+              numTypeParameters: 2,
+              absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'),
+              relativeUri: 'foo.dart')
+        ],
+        numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named_prefixed() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D extends C {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart' as foo;
+class C {
+  factory C() = foo.D.named;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D',
+              absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'), relativeUri: 'foo.dart'),
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'foo')
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_named_prefixed_generic() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D.named() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart' as foo;
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = foo.D<U, T>.named;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'named',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+        prefixExpectations: [
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'D',
+              numTypeParameters: 2,
+              absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'),
+              relativeUri: 'foo.dart'),
+          new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'foo')
+        ],
+        numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  factory C() = D;
+  C._();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed_generic() {
+    String text = '''
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = D<U, T>;
+  C._();
+}
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor, null, null, 'D',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D extends C {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart';
+class C {
+  factory C() = D;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.redirectedConstructor, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed_imported_generic() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart';
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = D<U, T>;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.redirectedConstructor, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'D',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed_prefixed() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D extends C {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart' as foo;
+class C {
+  factory C() = foo.D;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.redirectedConstructor, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'D',
+        expectedPrefix: 'foo');
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_factory_unnamed_prefixed_generic() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/foo.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+class D<T, U> extends C<U, T> {
+  D() : super._();
+}
+''');
+    String text = '''
+import 'foo.dart' as foo;
+class C<T, U> {
+  factory C() = foo.D<U, T>;
+  C._();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.redirectedConstructor, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'D',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, expectedPrefix: 'foo', numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(executable.redirectedConstructor.typeArguments[1], 2);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_thisInvocation_named() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  C() : this.named();
+  C.named();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, 'named');
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructor, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_redirected_thisInvocation_unnamed() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  C.named() : this();
+  C();
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText(text, className: 'C').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isRedirectedConstructor, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructorName, isEmpty);
+    expect(executable.redirectedConstructor, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_return_type_parameterized() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C<T, U> { C(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_withCycles_const() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+}
+class D {
+  final x;
+  const D() : x = const C();
+}
+class E {
+  final x;
+  const E() : x = null;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+    checkConstCycle('E', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructor_withCycles_nonConst() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  C() : x = new D();
+}
+class D {
+  final x;
+  D() : x = new C();
+}
+''');
+    expect(findClass('C').executables[0].constCycleSlot, 0);
+    expect(findClass('D').executables[0].constCycleSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_redirectToImplicitConstructor() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  const factory C() = D;
+}
+class D extends C {}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_redirectToNonConstConstructor() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  const factory C() = D;
+}
+class D extends C {
+  D();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_redirectToSymbolConstructor() {
+    // The symbol constructor has some special case behaviors in analyzer.
+    // Make sure those special case behaviors don't cause problems.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  const factory C(String name) = Symbol;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToClass() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = C;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToEnum() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+enum E { v }
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = E;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToEnumValue() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+enum E { v }
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = E.v;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToEnumValues() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+enum E { v }
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = E.values;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToGenericParameter() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C<T> {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = T;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToGenericParameter_asSupertype() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C<T> extends T {
+  const C();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToStaticMethod_inOtherClass() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = D.f;
+}
+class D {
+  static void f() {}
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToStaticMethod_inSameClass() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  static void f() {}
+  const C() : x = f;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToTopLevelFunction() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+void f() {}
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = f;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToTypedef() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+typedef F();
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = F;
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToUndefinedName() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = foo;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToUndefinedName_viaPrefix() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as a;
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = a.foo;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_referenceToUndefinedName_viaPrefix_nonExistentFile() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as a;
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = a.foo;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_trivial() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C() : this();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaFactoryRedirect() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  const C();
+  const factory C.named() = D;
+}
+class D extends C {
+  final x;
+  const D() : x = y;
+}
+const y = const C.named();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('C', name: 'named');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaFinalField() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x = const C();
+  const C();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaLength() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = y.length;
+}
+const y = const C();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaNamedConstructor() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D.named();
+}
+class D {
+  final x;
+  const D.named() : x = const C();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('D', name: 'named');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaOrdinaryRedirect() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : this.named();
+  const C.named() : x = const C();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('C', name: 'named');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaOrdinaryRedirect_suppressSupertype() {
+    // Since C redirects to C.named, it doesn't implicitly refer to B's unnamed
+    // constructor.  Therefore there is no cycle.
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class B {
+  final x;
+  const B() : x = const C();
+  const B.named() : x = null;
+}
+class C extends B {
+  const C() : this.named();
+  const C.named() : super.named();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('B', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('B', name: 'named', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('C', name: 'named', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaRedirectArgument() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : this.named(y);
+  const C.named(this.x);
+}
+const y = const C();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('C', name: 'named', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaStaticField_inOtherClass() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = D.y;
+}
+class D {
+  static const y = const C();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaStaticField_inSameClass() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  static const y = const C();
+  const C() : x = y;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSuperArgument() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class B {
+  final x;
+  const B(this.x);
+}
+class C extends B {
+  const C() : super(y);
+}
+const y = const C();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('B', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  const D();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype_Enum() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+enum E { v }
+class C extends E {
+  const C();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype_explicit() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+  const C.named() : x = const D.named();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  const D() : super();
+  const D.named() : super.named();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('C', name: 'named');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+    checkConstCycle('D', name: 'named');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype_explicit_undefined() {
+    // It's not valid Dart but we need to make sure it doesn't crash
+    // summary generation.
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  const D() : super.named();
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C', hasCycle: false);
+    checkConstCycle('D', hasCycle: false);
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype_withDefaultTypeArgument() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C<T> {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+}
+class D extends C {
+  const D();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaSupertype_withTypeArgument() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+class C<T> {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = const D();
+}
+class D extends C<int> {
+  const D();
+}
+''');
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+    checkConstCycle('D');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaTopLevelVariable() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = y;
+}
+const y = const C();
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaTopLevelVariable_imported() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+const y = const C();
+    ''');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart';
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = y;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_constructorCycle_viaTopLevelVariable_importedViaPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+import 'test.dart';
+const y = const C();
+    ''');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        '''
+import 'a.dart' as a;
+class C {
+  final x;
+  const C() : x = a.y;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkConstCycle('C');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_export_to_export_unused() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'export "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, even though it doesn't
+    // re-export any names defined in b.dart, because a change to b.dart might
+    // cause it to start exporting a name that the main test library *does*
+    // use.
+    checkHasDependency('b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_export_unused() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    // The main test library depends on a.dart, even though it doesn't
+    // re-export any names defined in a.dart, because a change to a.dart might
+    // cause it to start exporting a name that the main test library *will*
+    // re-export.
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; export "b.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, because names defined in
+    // b.dart are exported by a.dart.
+    checkHasDependency('b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_in_subdirs_absolute_export() {
+    addNamedSource('/a/a.dart',
+        'library a; export "${absUri('/a/b/b.dart')}"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/a/b/b.dart', 'library b;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a/a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a/a.dart');
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, because names defined in
+    // b.dart are exported by a.dart.
+    checkHasDependency(absUri('/a/b/b.dart'));
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_in_subdirs_absolute_import() {
+    addNamedSource('/a/a.dart', 'library a; export "b/b.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/a/b/b.dart', 'library b;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "${absUri('/a/a.dart')}"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency(absUri('/a/a.dart'));
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, because names defined in
+    // b.dart are exported by a.dart.
+    checkHasDependency(absUri('/a/b/b.dart'));
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_in_subdirs_relative() {
+    addNamedSource('/a/a.dart', 'library a; export "b/b.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/a/b/b.dart', 'library b;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a/a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a/a.dart');
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, because names defined in
+    // b.dart are exported by a.dart.
+    checkHasDependency('a/b/b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_loop() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; export "b.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b; export "a.dart";');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+    // Serialization should have been able to walk the transitive export
+    // dependencies to b.dart without going into an infinite loop.
+    checkHasDependency('b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_transitive_closure() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; export "b.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b; export "c.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/c.dart', 'library c;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+    // The main test library depends on c.dart, because names defined in
+    // c.dart are exported by b.dart and then re-exported by a.dart.
+    checkHasDependency('c.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_to_export_unused() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'export "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart";', allowErrors: true);
+    // The main test library depends on b.dart, even though it doesn't use any
+    // names defined in b.dart, because a change to b.dart might cause it to
+    // start exporting a name that the main test library *does* use.
+    checkHasDependency('b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_transitive_closure() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart', 'library a; import "b.dart"; class A extends B {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b; class B {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; A a;');
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+    // The main test library doesn't depend on b.dart, because no change to
+    // b.dart can possibly affect the serialized element model for it.
+    checkLacksDependency('b.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_import_unused() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart";', allowErrors: true);
+    // The main test library depends on a.dart, even though it doesn't use any
+    // names defined in a.dart, because a change to a.dart might cause it to
+    // start exporting a name that the main test library *does* use.
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_parts() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart', 'library a; part "b.dart"; part "c.dart"; class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'part of a;');
+    addNamedSource('/c.dart', 'part of a;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; A a;');
+    int dep = checkHasDependency('a.dart');
+    checkDependencyParts(linked.dependencies[dep], ['b.dart', 'c.dart']);
+  }
+
+  test_dependencies_parts_relative_to_importing_library() {
+    addNamedSource('/a/b.dart', 'export "c/d.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/a/c/d.dart',
+        'library d; part "e/f.dart"; part "g/h.dart"; class D {}');
+    addNamedSource('/a/c/e/f.dart', 'part of d;');
+    addNamedSource('/a/c/g/h.dart', 'part of d;');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a/b.dart"; D d;');
+    int dep = checkHasDependency('a/c/d.dart');
+    checkDependencyParts(
+        linked.dependencies[dep], ['a/c/e/f.dart', 'a/c/g/h.dart']);
+  }
+
+  test_elements_in_part() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/part1.dart',
+        '''
+part of my.lib;
+
+class C {}
+enum E { v }
+var v;
+f() {}
+typedef F();
+''');
+    serializeLibraryText('library my.lib; part "part1.dart";');
+    UnlinkedUnit unit = unlinkedUnits[1];
+    expect(findClass('C', unit: unit), isNotNull);
+    expect(findEnum('E', unit: unit), isNotNull);
+    expect(findVariable('v', variables: unit.variables), isNotNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('f', executables: unit.executables), isNotNull);
+    expect(findTypedef('F', unit: unit), isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_enum() {
+    String text = 'enum E { v1 }';
+    UnlinkedEnum e = serializeEnumText(text);
+    expect(e.name, 'E');
+    expect(e.nameOffset, text.indexOf('E'));
+    expect(e.values, hasLength(1));
+    expect(e.values[0].name, 'v1');
+    expect(e.values[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('v1'));
+    _assertCodeRange(e.codeRange, 0, 13);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'E');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].name, 'values');
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].numTypeParameters,
+        0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[1].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[1].name, 'v1');
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[1].numTypeParameters,
+        0);
+  }
+
+  test_enum_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+enum E { v }''';
+    UnlinkedEnum enm = serializeEnumText(text);
+    expect(enm.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(enm.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_enum_order() {
+    UnlinkedEnum e = serializeEnumText('enum E { v1, v2 }');
+    expect(e.values, hasLength(2));
+    expect(e.values[0].name, 'v1');
+    expect(e.values[1].name, 'v2');
+  }
+
+  test_enum_private() {
+    serializeEnumText('enum _E { v1 }', '_E');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_enum_value_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+enum E {
+  /**
+   * Docs
+   */
+  v
+}''';
+    UnlinkedEnumValue value = serializeEnumText(text).values[0];
+    expect(value.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(value.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_enum_value_private() {
+    serializeEnumText('enum E { _v }', 'E');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].name, 'values');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_abstract() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('abstract class C { f(); }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_concrete() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('abstract class C { f() {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function() {
+    String text = '  f() {}';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.functionOrMethod);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.nameOffset, text.indexOf('f'));
+    expect(executable.visibleOffset, 0);
+    expect(executable.visibleLength, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'f');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function_async() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(r'''
+import 'dart:async';
+Future f() async {}
+''');
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function_asyncStar() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(r'''
+import 'dart:async';
+Stream f() async* {}
+''');
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function_explicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText('dynamic f() => null;');
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(executable.returnType);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('external f();');
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_function_private() {
+    serializeExecutableText('_f() {}', executableName: '_f');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_getter() {
+    String text = 'int get f => 1;';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.getter);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.nameOffset, text.indexOf('f'));
+    expect(findVariable('f'), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('f='), isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'f');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_getter_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText('external int get f;');
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_getter_private() {
+    serializeExecutableText('int get _f => 1;', executableName: '_f');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_getter_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('int get f => 1;');
+    checkTypeRef(executable.returnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    expect(executable.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_getter_type_implicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('get f => 1;');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+    expect(executable.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localFunctions() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  f1() {}
+  { // 2
+    f2() {}
+  } // 3
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions = executable.localFunctions;
+    expect(functions, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable f1 = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f1');
+      _assertExecutableVisible(code, f1, '{ // 1', '} // 4');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable f2 = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f2');
+      _assertExecutableVisible(code, f2, '{ // 2', '} // 3');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localLabels_inMethod() {
+    String code = r'''
+class C {
+  m() {
+    aaa: while (true) {}
+    bbb: while (true) {}
+  }
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('m', executables: serializeClassText(code).executables);
+    List<UnlinkedLabel> labels = executable.localLabels;
+    expect(labels, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel aaa = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'aaa');
+      expect(aaa, isNotNull);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel bbb = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'bbb');
+      expect(bbb, isNotNull);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localLabels_inTopLevelFunction() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() {
+  aaa: while (true) {}
+  bbb: switch (42) {
+    ccc: case 0:
+      break;
+    ddd: default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedLabel> labels = executable.localLabels;
+    expect(labels, hasLength(4));
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel aaa = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'aaa');
+      expect(aaa, isNotNull);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel bbb = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'bbb');
+      expect(bbb, isNotNull);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchStatement, isTrue);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel ccc = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'ccc');
+      expect(ccc, isNotNull);
+      expect(ccc.isOnSwitchMember, isTrue);
+      expect(ccc.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel ccc = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'ddd');
+      expect(ccc, isNotNull);
+      expect(ccc.isOnSwitchMember, isTrue);
+      expect(ccc.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localLabels_inTopLevelGetter() {
+    String code = r'''
+get g {
+  aaa: while (true) {}
+  bbb: while (true) {}
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText(code, executableName: 'g');
+    List<UnlinkedLabel> labels = executable.localLabels;
+    expect(labels, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel aaa = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'aaa');
+      expect(aaa, isNotNull);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(aaa.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedLabel bbb = labels.singleWhere((l) => l.name == 'bbb');
+      expect(bbb, isNotNull);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchMember, isFalse);
+      expect(bbb.isOnSwitchStatement, isFalse);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localLabels_namedExpressionLabel() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() {
+  foo(p: 42);
+}
+foo({int p}) {}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedLabel> labels = executable.localLabels;
+    expect(labels, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_catch() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  try {
+    throw 42;
+  } on int catch (e, st) { // 2
+    print(e);
+    print(st);
+  } // 3
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable e = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'e');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, e, 'on int catch (', '} // 3');
+      checkTypeRef(e.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable st = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'st');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, st, 'on int catch (', '} // 3');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_catch_noVariables() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() {
+  try {
+    throw 42;
+  } on int {}
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_empty() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(r'''
+f() {
+}
+''');
+    expect(executable.localVariables, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_forEachLoop() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  for (int i in <int>[]) { // 2
+    print(i);
+  } // 3
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable i = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'i');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, i, 'for', '} // 3');
+      checkTypeRef(i.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_forEachLoop_outside() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  int i;
+  for (i in <int>[]) {
+    print(i);
+  }
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable i = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'i');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, i, '{ // 1', '} // 4');
+      checkTypeRef(i.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_forLoop() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j++) { // 2
+    print(i);
+  } // 3
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable i = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'i');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, i, 'for', '} // 3');
+      checkTypeRef(i.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable i = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'j');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, i, 'for', '} // 3');
+      checkTypeRef(i.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_forLoop_noVariables() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() {
+  for (; true;) {}
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_inConstructor() {
+    String code = r'''
+class C {
+  C() { // 1
+    int v;
+  } // 2
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('', executables: serializeClassText(code).executables);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable v = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+      checkTypeRef(v.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_inLocalFunctions() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() {
+  f1() { // 1
+    int v1 = 1;
+  } // 2
+  f2() { // 3
+    int v1 = 1;
+    f3() { // 4
+      int v2 = 1;
+    } // 5
+  } // 6
+} // 7
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions = executable.localFunctions;
+    expect(functions, hasLength(2));
+    // f - f1
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable f1 = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f1');
+      List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = f1.localVariables;
+      expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+      // f1 - v1
+      UnlinkedVariable v1 = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v1');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v1, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+      checkTypeRef(v1.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+    // f - f2
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable f2 = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f2');
+      List<UnlinkedVariable> variables2 = f2.localVariables;
+      List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions2 = f2.localFunctions;
+      expect(variables2, hasLength(1));
+      expect(functions2, hasLength(1));
+      // f - f2 - v1
+      UnlinkedVariable v1 = variables2.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v1');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v1, '{ // 3', '} // 6');
+      checkTypeRef(v1.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+      // f - f2 - f3
+      UnlinkedExecutable f3 = functions2.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f3');
+      _assertExecutableVisible(code, f3, '{ // 3', '} // 6');
+      List<UnlinkedVariable> variables3 = f3.localVariables;
+      List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions3 = f3.localFunctions;
+      expect(variables3, hasLength(1));
+      expect(functions3, hasLength(0));
+      // f - f3 - v2
+      UnlinkedVariable v2 = variables3.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v2');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v2, '{ // 4', '} // 5');
+      checkTypeRef(v2.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_inMethod() {
+    String code = r'''
+class C {
+  m() { // 1
+    int v;
+    f() {}
+  } // 2
+}
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('m', executables: serializeClassText(code).executables);
+    {
+      List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions = executable.localFunctions;
+      expect(functions, hasLength(1));
+      UnlinkedExecutable f = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f');
+      _assertExecutableVisible(code, f, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+    }
+    {
+      List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+      expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+      UnlinkedVariable v = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+      checkTypeRef(v.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_inTopLevelFunction() {
+    String code = r'''
+f() { // 1
+  int v1 = 1;
+  { // 2
+    int v2 = 2;
+  } // 3
+  var v3 = 3;
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(code);
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+    expect(variables, hasLength(3));
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable v1 = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v1');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v1, '{ // 1', '} // 4');
+      checkTypeRef(v1.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable v2 = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v2');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v2, '{ // 2', '} // 3');
+      checkTypeRef(v2.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedVariable v3 = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v3');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v3, '{ // 1', '} // 4');
+      expect(v3.type, isNull);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_localVariables_inTopLevelGetter() {
+    String code = r'''
+get g { // 1
+  int v;
+  f() {}
+} // 2
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText(code, executableName: 'g');
+    {
+      List<UnlinkedExecutable> functions = executable.localFunctions;
+      expect(functions, hasLength(1));
+      UnlinkedExecutable f = functions.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'f');
+      _assertExecutableVisible(code, f, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+    }
+    {
+      List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = executable.localVariables;
+      expect(variables, hasLength(1));
+      UnlinkedVariable v = variables.singleWhere((v) => v.name == 'v');
+      _assertVariableVisible(code, v, '{ // 1', '} // 2');
+      checkTypeRef(v.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_function() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('f',
+        executables: serializeClassText('class C { f() {} }').executables);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.functionOrMethod);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.visibleOffset, 0);
+    expect(executable.visibleLength, 0);
+    _assertCodeRange(executable.codeRange, 10, 6);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_function_async() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+import 'dart:async';
+class C {
+  Future f() async {}
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_function_asyncStar() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f', executables: serializeClassText(r'''
+import 'dart:async';
+class C {
+  Stream f() async* {}
+}
+''').executables);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_function_explicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('f',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { dynamic f() => null; }').executables);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_function_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = findExecutable('f',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('class C { external f(); }').executables);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_getter() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { int get f => 1; }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.getter);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isFalse);
+    _assertCodeRange(executable.codeRange, 10, 15);
+    expect(findVariable('f', variables: cls.fields), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('f=', executables: cls.executables), isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_getter_external() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { external int get f; }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_getter_static() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static int get f => 1; }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isTrue);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].name, 'f');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].numTypeParameters,
+        0);
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].members, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_setter() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { void set f(value) {} }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f=', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.setter);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    _assertCodeRange(executable.codeRange, 10, 20);
+    expect(findVariable('f', variables: cls.fields), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('f', executables: cls.executables), isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_setter_external() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C { external void set f(value); }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f=', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_member_setter_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { set f(value) {} }');
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        findExecutable('f=', executables: cls.executables, failIfAbsent: true);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_name() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f() {}');
+    expect(executable.name, 'f');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_no_flags() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f() {}');
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isConst, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_non_static() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { f() {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_non_static_top_level() {
+    // Top level executables are considered non-static.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f() {}');
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { C operator+(C c) => null; }').executables[
+            0];
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.functionOrMethod);
+    expect(executable.name, '+');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isConst, false);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, false);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, false);
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    checkTypeRef(executable.returnType, null, null, 'C');
+    expect(executable.typeParameters, isEmpty);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, false);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_abstract() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { C operator+(C c); }', allowErrors: true)
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, true);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, false);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_equal() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeClassText(
+            'class C { bool operator==(Object other) => false; }')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.name, '==');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { external C operator+(C c); }')
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, true);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_greater_equal() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { bool operator>=(C other) => false; }')
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.name, '>=');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_index() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { bool operator[](int i) => null; }')
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.functionOrMethod);
+    expect(executable.name, '[]');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(executable.isConst, false);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, false);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, false);
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    checkTypeRef(executable.returnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'bool');
+    expect(executable.typeParameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_index_set() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeClassText(
+            'class C { void operator[]=(int i, bool v) => null; }')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.functionOrMethod);
+    expect(executable.name, '[]=');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAbstract, false);
+    expect(executable.isConst, false);
+    expect(executable.isFactory, false);
+    expect(executable.isStatic, false);
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    checkVoidTypeRef(executable.returnType);
+    expect(executable.typeParameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_operator_less_equal() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { bool operator<=(C other) => false; }')
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(executable.name, '<=');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_codeRange() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(int x) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam parameter = executable.parameters[0];
+    _assertCodeRange(parameter.codeRange, 2, 5);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g()) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isFunctionTyped, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_explicit_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText('f(dynamic g()) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].type, isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g(x)) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters, hasLength(1));
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_param_none() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g()) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_param_order() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g(x, y)) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters[0].name, 'x');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters[1].name, 'y');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(int g()) {}');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.parameters[0].type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_return_type_implicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g()) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isFunctionTyped, isTrue);
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_return_type_void() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(void g()) {}');
+    checkVoidTypeRef(executable.parameters[0].type);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_function_typed_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(r'''
+f([int p(int a2, String b2) = foo]) {}
+int foo(int a, String b) => 0;
+''');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, 'foo');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(param.initializer.bodyExpr, operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_kind_named() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f({x}) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.named);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_kind_named_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f({x: 42}) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.named);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, '42');
+    _assertCodeRange(param.codeRange, 3, 5);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(param.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_kind_positional() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f([x]) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_kind_positional_withDefault() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f([x = 42]) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.positional);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, '42');
+    _assertCodeRange(param.codeRange, 3, 6);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(param.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [42]);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_kind_required() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(x) {}');
+    UnlinkedParam param = executable.parameters[0];
+    expect(param.kind, UnlinkedParamKind.required);
+    expect(param.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(param.defaultValueCode, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_name() {
+    String text = 'f(x) {}';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].name, 'x');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('x'));
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_no_flags() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(x) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isFunctionTyped, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isInitializingFormal, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_non_function_typed() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(g) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isFunctionTyped, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_none() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f() {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_constructor_no_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { C(x); }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_local_function_no_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { m() { f(x) {} } }')
+            .executables[0]
+            .localFunctions[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_method_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { m(x) {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, isNot(0));
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_param_no_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { m(f(x)) {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_setter_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { void set s(x) {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, isNot(0));
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_static_method_no_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static m(x) {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_of_top_level_function_no_covariance() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(x) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].inheritsCovariantSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_order() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(x, y) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].name, 'x');
+    expect(executable.parameters[1].name, 'y');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_type_explicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(dynamic x) {}');
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(executable.parameters[0].type);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_type_implicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f(x) {}');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_param_type_typedef() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(r'''
+typedef MyFunction(int p);
+f(MyFunction myFunction) {}
+''');
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].isFunctionTyped, isFalse);
+    checkTypeRef(executable.parameters[0].type, null, null, 'MyFunction',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('int f() => 1;');
+    checkTypeRef(executable.returnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_return_type_implicit() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('f() {}');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_return_type_void() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('void f() {}');
+    checkVoidTypeRef(executable.returnType);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_setter() {
+    String text = 'void set f(value) {}';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText(text, executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(executable.kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.setter);
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNotNull);
+    expect(executable.isAsynchronous, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.isGenerator, isFalse);
+    expect(executable.nameOffset, text.indexOf('f'));
+    expect(findVariable('f'), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('f'), isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'f=');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_setter_external() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(
+        'external void set f(value);',
+        executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(executable.isExternal, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_setter_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText('set f(value) {}', executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(executable.returnType, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_setter_private() {
+    serializeExecutableText('void set _f(value) {}', executableName: '_f=');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_setter_type() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(
+        'void set f(int value) {}',
+        executableName: 'f=');
+    checkVoidTypeRef(executable.returnType);
+    expect(executable.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    expect(executable.parameters[0].name, 'value');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        executable.parameters[0].type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_executable_static() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static f() {} }').executables[0];
+    expect(executable.isStatic, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_f_bound_function() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex =
+        serializeExecutableText('void f<T, U extends List<T>>() {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = ex.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 2);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_f_bound_method() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex =
+        serializeMethodText('void f<T, U extends List<T>>() {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = ex.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 2);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_f_bound_self_ref_function() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex =
+        serializeExecutableText('void f<T, U extends List<U>>() {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = ex.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_f_bound_self_ref_method() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex =
+        serializeMethodText('void f<T, U extends List<U>>() {}');
+    EntityRef typeArgument = ex.typeParameters[1].bound.typeArguments[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeArgument, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_in_parameter_function() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex = serializeExecutableText('void f<T>(T t) {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(ex.parameters[0].type, 1);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_in_parameter_method() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex = serializeMethodText('void f<T>(T t) {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(ex.parameters[0].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_in_return_type_function() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex = serializeExecutableText('T f<T>() => null;');
+    checkParamTypeRef(ex.returnType, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_executable_type_param_in_return_type_method() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable ex = serializeMethodText('T f<T>() => null;');
+    checkParamTypeRef(ex.returnType, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_export_class() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+  }
+
+  test_export_class_alias() {
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart', 'class C extends _D with _E {} class _D {} class _E {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+  }
+
+  test_export_configurations() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/foo_io.dart', 'class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/foo_html.dart', 'class A {}');
+    String libraryText = r'''
+export 'foo.dart'
+  if (dart.library.io) 'foo_io.dart'
+  if (dart.flavor == 'html') 'foo_html.dart';
+
+class B extends A {}
+''';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    UnlinkedExportPublic exp = unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0];
+    expect(exp.configurations, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedConfiguration configuration = exp.configurations[0];
+      expect(configuration.name, 'dart.library.io');
+      expect(configuration.value, 'true');
+      expect(configuration.uri, 'foo_io.dart');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedConfiguration configuration = exp.configurations[1];
+      expect(configuration.name, 'dart.flavor');
+      expect(configuration.value, 'html');
+      expect(configuration.uri, 'foo_html.dart');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_export_dependency() {
+    serializeLibraryText('export "dart:async";');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].exports, hasLength(1));
+    checkDependency(linked.exportDependencies[0], 'dart:async', 'dart:async');
+  }
+
+  test_export_enum() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'enum E { v }');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'E',
+        ReferenceKind.classOrEnum);
+  }
+
+  test_export_from_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library foo; part "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'part of foo; f() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction,
+        expectedTargetUnit: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_export_function() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'f() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+  }
+
+  test_export_getter() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'get f => null');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+  }
+
+  test_export_hide() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'f() {} g() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart" hide g;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+  }
+
+  test_export_hide_order() {
+    serializeLibraryText('export "dart:async" hide Future, Stream;');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].shows,
+        isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].hides,
+        hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].hides[0],
+        'Future');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].hides[1],
+        'Stream');
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].offset, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].end, 0);
+    expect(linked.exportNames, isNotEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_missing() {
+    // Unresolved exports are included since this is necessary for proper
+    // dependency tracking.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText('export "foo.dart";', allowErrors: true);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(1));
+    checkDependency(
+        linked.exportDependencies[0], absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_export_names_excludes_names_from_library() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of my.lib; int y; int _y;');
+    serializeLibraryText('library my.lib; part "a.dart"; int x; int _x;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_no_combinators() {
+    serializeLibraryText('export "dart:async";');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_not_shadowed_by_prefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'f() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart"; import "dart:core" as f; f.int _x;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+  }
+
+  test_export_offset() {
+    String libraryText = '    export "dart:async";';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].exports[0].uriOffset,
+        libraryText.indexOf('"dart:async"'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].exports[0].uriEnd, libraryText.indexOf(';'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].exports[0].offset, libraryText.indexOf('export'));
+  }
+
+  test_export_private() {
+    // Private names should not be exported.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '_f() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_setter() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'void set f(value) {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f=',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+  }
+
+  test_export_shadowed() {
+    // f() is not shown in exportNames because it is already defined at top
+    // level in the library.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'f() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart"; f() {}');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_shadowed_variable() {
+    // Neither `v` nor `v=` is shown in exportNames because both are defined at
+    // top level in the library by the declaration `var v;`.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'var v;');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart"; var v;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_shadowed_variable_const() {
+    // `v=` is shown in exportNames because the top level declaration
+    // `const v = 0;` only shadows `v`, not `v=`.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'var v;');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart"; const v = 0;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'v=',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+  }
+
+  test_export_shadowed_variable_final() {
+    // `v=` is shown in exportNames because the top level declaration
+    // `final v = 0;` only shadows `v`, not `v=`.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'var v;');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart"; final v = 0;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'v=',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+  }
+
+  test_export_show() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'f() {} g() {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart" show f;');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'f',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+  }
+
+  test_export_show_order() {
+    String libraryText = 'export "dart:async" show Future, Stream;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].shows,
+        hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].hides,
+        isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].shows[0],
+        'Future');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].shows[1],
+        'Stream');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].offset,
+        libraryText.indexOf('show'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].combinators[0].end,
+        libraryText.indexOf(';'));
+  }
+
+  test_export_typedef() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'typedef F();');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(1));
+    checkExportName(linked.exportNames[0], absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'F',
+        ReferenceKind.typedef);
+  }
+
+  test_export_uri() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library my.lib;');
+    String uriString = '"a.dart"';
+    String libraryText = 'export $uriString;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    var unlinkedExports = unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports;
+    expect(unlinkedExports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedExports[0].uri, 'a.dart');
+    expect(unlinkedExports[0].configurations, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_export_variable() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'var v;');
+    serializeLibraryText('export "a.dart";');
+    expect(linked.exportNames, hasLength(2));
+    LinkedExportName getter =
+        linked.exportNames.firstWhere((e) => e.name == 'v');
+    expect(getter, isNotNull);
+    checkExportName(getter, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'v',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    LinkedExportName setter =
+        linked.exportNames.firstWhere((e) => e.name == 'v=');
+    expect(setter, isNotNull);
+    checkExportName(setter, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'v=',
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_assign() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a = 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_bitAnd() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a &= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.bitAnd);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_bitOr() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a |= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.bitOr);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_bitXor() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a ^= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.bitXor);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_divide() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a /= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.divide);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_floorDivide() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a ~/= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.floorDivide);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_ifNull() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a ??= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.ifNull);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_minus() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a -= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.minus);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_modulo() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a %= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.modulo);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_multiply() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a *= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.multiply);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_plus() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a += 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.plus);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_shiftLeft() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a <<= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.shiftLeft);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignOperator_shiftRight() {
+    _assertAssignmentOperator(
+        '(a >>= 1 + 2) + 3', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.shiftRight);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToIndex_ofFieldSequence() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+  B b;
+}
+class B {
+  C c;
+}
+class C {
+  List<int> f = <int>[0, 1, 2];
+}
+A a = new A();
+final v = (a.b.c.f[1] = 5);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToIndex,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          1
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'c'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'b'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(
+                        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToIndex_ofIndexExpression() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+ List<B> b;
+}
+class B {
+  List<C> c;
+}
+class C {
+  List<int> f = <int>[0, 1, 2];
+}
+A a = new A();
+final v = (a.b[1].c[2].f[3] = 5);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          // 5
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          // a.b[1]
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractIndex,
+          // c[2]
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractIndex,
+          // f[3] = 5
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToIndex,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          1,
+          2,
+          3,
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'c',
+          'f'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'b',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(
+                        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToIndex_ofTopLevelVariable() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+List<int> a = <int>[0, 1, 2];
+final v = (a[1] = 5);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToIndex,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToProperty_ofInstanceCreation() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  int f;
+}
+final v = (new C().f = 5);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          0,
+          0,
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'f'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_classStaticField() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  static int f;
+}
+final v = (C.f = 1);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_fieldSequence() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+  B b;
+}
+class B {
+  C c;
+}
+class C {
+  int f;
+}
+A a = new A();
+final v = (a.b.c.f = 1);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'c'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'b'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(
+                        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_postfixDecrement() {
+    _assertRefPrefixPostfixIncrementDecrement(
+        'a-- + 2', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.postfixDecrement);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_postfixIncrement() {
+    _assertRefPrefixPostfixIncrementDecrement(
+        'a++ + 2', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.postfixIncrement);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_prefixDecrement() {
+    _assertRefPrefixPostfixIncrementDecrement(
+        '--a + 2', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.prefixDecrement);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_prefixIncrement() {
+    _assertRefPrefixPostfixIncrementDecrement(
+        '++a + 2', UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.prefixIncrement);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_topLevelVariable() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+int a = 0;
+final v = (a = 1);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_topLevelVariable_imported() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+int a = 0;
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+final v = (a = 1);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_assignToRef_topLevelVariable_imported_withPrefix() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+int a = 0;
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+final v = (p.a = 1);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          (UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign)
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) {
+            return checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'a',
+                expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor,
+                expectedPrefix: 'p');
+          }
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_cascadeSection_assignToIndex() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  List<int> items;
+}
+final C c = new C();
+final v = c.items..[1] = 2;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          //   ..[1] = 2
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToIndex,
+          // c
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          2,
+          1
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'items',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(
+                        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'c'),
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_cascadeSection_assignToProperty() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  int f1 = 0;
+  int f2 = 0;
+}
+final v = new C()..f1 = 1..f2 += 2;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          // new C()
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          //   ..f1 = 1
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          // C
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+          //   ..f2 += 2
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          // C
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.plus,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0, 0, // new C()
+          1, // f1 = 1
+          2, // f2 += 2
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'f1',
+          'f2',
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_cascadeSection_embedded() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+  int fa1;
+  B b;
+  int fa2;
+}
+class B {
+  int fb;
+}
+final v = new A()
+  ..fa1 = 1
+  ..b = (new B()..fb = 2)
+  ..fa2 = 3;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          // new A()
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          // ..fa1 = 1
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+          // ..b
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          //   new B()
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          //   ..fb = 2
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+          // ..b = <pop value>
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+          // ..fa2 = 3
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          1,
+          0,
+          0,
+          2,
+          3,
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'fa1',
+          'fb',
+          'b',
+          'fa2',
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'A',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'B',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum),
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_cascadeSection_invokeMethod() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+  int m(int _) => 0;
+}
+final A a = new A();
+final v = a..m(5).abs()..m(6);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          // a
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          //   ..m(5)
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod,
+          //   ..abs()
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod,
+          // a
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+          //   ..m(6)
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionBegin,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod,
+          // a
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.cascadeSectionEnd,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5, 0, 1, 0, // m(5)
+          0, 0, 0, // abs()
+          6, 0, 1, 0, // m(5)
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'm',
+          'abs',
+          'm',
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor),
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_extractIndex_ofClassField() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  List<int> get items => null;
+}
+final v = new C().items[5];
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractIndex,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          5
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'items'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_extractProperty_ofInvokeConstructor() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  int f = 0;
+}
+final v = new C().f;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'f'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpression_asArgument() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = foo(5, () => 42);
+foo(a, b) {}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          2,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpression_asArgument_multiple() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = foo(5, () => 42, () => 43);
+foo(a, b, c) {}
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          5,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          1,
+          0,
+          3,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'foo',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpression_withBlockBody() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = () { return 42; };
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference],
+        ints: [0, 0]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpression_withExpressionBody() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = () => 42;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference],
+        ints: [0, 0]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpressionInvocation_withBlockBody() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = ((a, b) {return 42;})(1, 2);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false, operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_functionExpressionInvocation_withExpressionBody() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = ((a, b) => 42)(1, 2);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false, operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = () => 1;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [1]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_noTypeInferenceNeeded() {
+    // We don't serialize closure body expressions for closures that don't need
+    // to participate in type inference.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('Object v = () => 1;');
+    expect(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToOuterParam() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => (y) => x;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(
+        variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter],
+        strings: ['x']);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter], strings: ['x']);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_methodCall() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.f();');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'f'
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          0
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_methodCall_prefixed() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.y.f();');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'y',
+          'f'
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          0
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_outOfScope() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('var x; var v = (b) => (b ? (x) => x : x);');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushLocalFunctionReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.conditional,
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'b'
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'x',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_prefixedIdentifier() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.y;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'y'
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_prefixedIdentifier_assign() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.y = null;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'y'
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_prefixedPrefixedIdentifier() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.y.z;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'y',
+          'z'
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_inClosure_refersToParam_prefixedPrefixedIdentifier_assign() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('var v = (x) => x.y.z = null;');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.localFunctions[0].bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushParameter,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.extractProperty,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToProperty
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'x',
+          'y',
+          'z'
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          UnlinkedExprAssignOperator.assign
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethod_instance() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  int m(a, {b, c}) => 42;
+}
+final v = new C().m(1, b: 2, c: 3);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          1,
+          2,
+          3,
+          2,
+          1,
+          0
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'b',
+          'c',
+          'm'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethod_withTypeParameters() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C {
+  f<T, U>() => null;
+}
+final v = new C().f<int, String>();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethod
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0,
+          2
+        ],
+        strings: [
+          'f'
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'C'),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int'),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String')
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethodRef_instance() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class A {
+  B b;
+}
+class B {
+  C c;
+}
+class C {
+  int m(int a, int b) => a + b;
+}
+A a = new A();
+final v = a.b.c.m(10, 20);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          10,
+          20,
+          0,
+          2,
+          0
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'c'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'b'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(
+                        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor, 'a')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethodRef_static_importedWithPrefix() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/a.dart',
+        '''
+class C {
+  static int m() => 42;
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+final v = p.C.m();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          0
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C',
+                        absoluteUri: absUri('/a.dart'), relativeUri: 'a.dart'),
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'p')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethodRef_with_reference_arg() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+f(x) => null;
+final u = null;
+final v = f(u);
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          1,
+          0
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'u',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_invokeMethodRef_withTypeParameters() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+f<T, U>() => null;
+final v = f<int, String>();
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          0,
+          0,
+          2
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'f',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction,
+              numTypeParameters: 2),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int'),
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String')
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_throwException() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = throw 1 + 2;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.throwException,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+          2
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_typeCast() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = 42 as num;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.typeCast,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          42
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'num',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_expr_typeCheck() {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = 42 is num;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.typeCheck,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          42
+        ],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'num',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_field() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { int i; }');
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = findVariable('i', variables: cls.fields);
+    expect(variable, isNotNull);
+    expect(variable.isConst, isFalse);
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isFalse);
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isFalse);
+    expect(variable.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('i', executables: cls.executables), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('i=', executables: cls.executables), isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_field_const() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static const int i = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isConst, isTrue);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [0]);
+  }
+
+  test_field_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  /**
+   * Docs
+   */
+  var v;
+}''';
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText(text).fields[0];
+    expect(variable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(variable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_field_final() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { final int i = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isTrue);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt], ints: [0]);
+  }
+
+  test_field_final_notConstExpr() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText(r'''
+class C {
+  final int f = 1 + m();
+  static int m() => 42;
+}''').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isTrue);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeMethodRef,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+          0,
+          0,
+          0
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'm',
+                  expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method,
+                  prefixExpectations: [
+                    new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'C')
+                  ])
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  test_field_final_typeParameter() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText(r'''
+class C<T> {
+  final f = <T>[];
+}''').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isTrue);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        operators: [UnlinkedConstOperation.makeTypedList],
+        ints: [0],
+        referenceValidators: [(EntityRef r) => checkParamTypeRef(r, 1)]);
+  }
+
+  test_field_formal_param_inferred_type_explicit() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C extends D { var v; C(int this.v); }'
+        ' abstract class D { num get v; }',
+        className: 'C');
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'num');
+    expect(cls.executables[0].kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.constructor);
+    expect(cls.executables[0].parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_formal_param_inferred_type_implicit() {
+    // Both the field `v` and the constructor argument `this.v` will have their
+    // type inferred by strong mode.  But only the field should have its
+    // inferred type stored in the summary, since the standard rules for field
+    // formal parameters will take care of the rest (they implicitly inherit
+    // the type of the associated field).
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C extends D { var v; C(this.v); }'
+        ' abstract class D { int get v; }',
+        className: 'C');
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    expect(cls.executables[0].kind, UnlinkedExecutableKind.constructor);
+    expect(cls.executables[0].parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeClassText('class C { num v = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_uninitialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { num v; } abstract class D { int get v; }',
+            className: 'C',
+            allowErrors: true)
+        .fields[0];
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeClassText('class C { var v = 0; }').fields[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(v.inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_uninitialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { var v; } abstract class D { int get v; }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .fields[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(v.inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_static_explicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static int v = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_static_implicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static var v = 0; }').fields[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(v.inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_field_inferred_type_static_implicit_uninitialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static var v; }').fields[0];
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_field_static() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static int i; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isTrue);
+    expect(variable.initializer, isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].name, 'i');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].numTypeParameters,
+        0);
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].members[0].members, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_field_static_final() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static final int i = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isTrue);
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isTrue);
+    expect(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_field_static_final_untyped() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static final x = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_field_untyped() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { var x = 0; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_fully_linked_references_follow_other_references() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    serializeLibraryText('final x = 0; String y;');
+    checkLinkedTypeSlot(unlinkedUnits[0].variables[0].inferredTypeSlot,
+        'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].variables[1].type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+    // Even though the definition of y follows the definition of x, the linked
+    // type reference for x should use a higher numbered reference than the
+    // unlinked type reference for y.
+    EntityRef propagatedType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(unlinkedUnits[0].variables[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].variables[1].type.reference,
+        lessThan(propagatedType.reference));
+  }
+
+  test_function_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+f() {}''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    expect(executable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(executable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_function_inferred_type_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText('void f(value) {}');
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_function_inferred_type_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText('f() => null;');
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_generic_gClass_gMethodStatic() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C<T, U> {
+  static void m<V, W>(V v, W w) {
+    void f<X, Y>(V v, W w, X x, Y y) {
+    }
+  }
+}
+''');
+    UnlinkedExecutable m = cls.executables[0];
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = m.localFunctions[0];
+    checkParamTypeRef(m.parameters[0].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(m.parameters[1].type, 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(f.parameters[0].type, 4);
+    checkParamTypeRef(f.parameters[1].type, 3);
+    checkParamTypeRef(f.parameters[2].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(f.parameters[3].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_generic_method_in_generic_class() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<T, U> { void m<V, W>(T t, U u, V v, W w) {} }');
+    List<UnlinkedParam> params = cls.executables[0].parameters;
+    checkParamTypeRef(params[0].type, 4);
+    checkParamTypeRef(params[1].type, 3);
+    checkParamTypeRef(params[2].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(params[3].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_getter_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+get f => null;''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    expect(executable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(executable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_getter_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { num get f => null; }'
+            ' abstract class D { int get f; }',
+            className: 'C',
+            allowErrors: true)
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_getter_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { get f => null; } abstract class D { int get f; }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_getter_inferred_type_static_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { static get f => null; }'
+            ' class D { static int get f => null; }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_implicit_dependencies_follow_other_dependencies() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'import "b.dart"; class C {} D f() => null;');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'class D {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart"; final x = f(); C y;');
+    // The dependency on b.dart is implicit, so it should be placed at the end
+    // of the dependency list, after a.dart, even though the code that refers
+    // to b.dart comes before the code that refers to a.dart.
+    int aDep = checkHasDependency('a.dart', fullyLinked: false);
+    int bDep = checkHasDependency('b.dart', fullyLinked: true);
+    expect(aDep, lessThan(bDep));
+  }
+
+  test_import_configurations() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'bar() {}');
+    addNamedSource('/foo_io.dart', 'bar() {}');
+    addNamedSource('/foo_html.dart', 'bar() {}');
+    String libraryText = r'''
+import 'foo.dart'
+  if (dart.library.io) 'foo_io.dart'
+  if (dart.flavor == 'html') 'foo_html.dart';
+''';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    UnlinkedImport imp = unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0];
+    expect(imp.configurations, hasLength(2));
+    {
+      UnlinkedConfiguration configuration = imp.configurations[0];
+      expect(configuration.name, 'dart.library.io');
+      expect(configuration.value, 'true');
+      expect(configuration.uri, 'foo_io.dart');
+    }
+    {
+      UnlinkedConfiguration configuration = imp.configurations[1];
+      expect(configuration.name, 'dart.flavor');
+      expect(configuration.value, 'html');
+      expect(configuration.uri, 'foo_html.dart');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_import_deferred() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'import "dart:async" deferred as a; main() { print(a.Future); }');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isDeferred, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_import_dependency() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:async"; Future x;');
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    checkDependency(linked.importDependencies[0], 'dart:async', 'dart:async');
+  }
+
+  test_import_explicit() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:core"; int i;');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isImplicit, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_import_hide_order() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'import "dart:async" hide Future, Stream; Completer c;');
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].shows, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].hides, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].hides[0], 'Future');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].hides[1], 'Stream');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].offset, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].end, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_import_implicit() {
+    // The implicit import of dart:core is represented in the model.
+    serializeLibraryText('');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(1));
+    checkDependency(linked.importDependencies[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uri, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uriOffset, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uriEnd, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].prefixReference, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isImplicit, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_import_missing() {
+    // Unresolved imports are included since this is necessary for proper
+    // dependency tracking.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText('import "foo.dart";', allowErrors: true);
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    checkDependency(
+        linked.importDependencies[0], absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_import_no_combinators() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:async"; Future x;');
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_import_no_flags() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:async"; Future x;');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isImplicit, isFalse);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isDeferred, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_import_non_deferred() {
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'import "dart:async" as a; main() { print(a.Future); }');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].isDeferred, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_import_of_file_with_missing_part() {
+    // Other references in foo.dart should be resolved even though foo.dart's
+    // part declaration for bar.dart refers to a non-existent file.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'part "bar.dart"; class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "foo.dart"; C x;');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('x').type, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_import_of_missing_export() {
+    // Other references in foo.dart should be resolved even though foo.dart's
+    // re-export of bar.dart refers to a non-existent file.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'export "bar.dart"; class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "foo.dart"; C x;');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('x').type, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_import_offset() {
+    String libraryText = '    import "dart:async"; Future x;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].offset, libraryText.indexOf('import'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uriOffset,
+        libraryText.indexOf('"dart:async"'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uriEnd, libraryText.indexOf('; Future'));
+  }
+
+  test_import_prefix_name() {
+    String libraryText = 'import "dart:async" as a; a.Future x;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    checkPrefix(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].prefixReference, 'a');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].prefixOffset, libraryText.indexOf('a;'));
+  }
+
+  test_import_prefix_none() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:async"; Future x;');
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].prefixReference, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_import_prefix_not_in_public_namespace() {
+    serializeLibraryText('import "dart:async" as a; a.Future v;');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'v');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[1].name, 'v=');
+  }
+
+  test_import_prefix_reference() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('import "dart:async" as a; a.Future v;');
+    checkTypeRef(variable.type, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Future',
+        expectedPrefix: 'a', numTypeParameters: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_import_prefixes_take_precedence_over_imported_names() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class b {} class A');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'class Cls {}');
+    addNamedSource('/c.dart', 'class Cls {}');
+    addNamedSource('/d.dart', 'class c {} class D');
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+import 'b.dart' as b;
+import 'c.dart' as c;
+import 'd.dart';
+A aCls;
+b.Cls bCls;
+c.Cls cCls;
+D dCls;
+''');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('aCls').type, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'A');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('bCls').type, absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'Cls',
+        expectedPrefix: 'b');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('cCls').type, absUri('/c.dart'), 'c.dart', 'Cls',
+        expectedPrefix: 'c');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('dCls').type, absUri('/d.dart'), 'd.dart', 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_import_reference() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('import "dart:async"; Future v;');
+    checkTypeRef(variable.type, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Future',
+        numTypeParameters: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_import_reference_merged_no_prefix() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import "dart:async" show Future;
+import "dart:async" show Stream;
+
+Future f;
+Stream s;
+''');
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef = findVariable('f').type;
+      checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Future',
+          numTypeParameters: 1);
+    }
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef = findVariable('s').type;
+      checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Stream',
+          expectedTargetUnit: 1, numTypeParameters: 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_import_reference_merged_prefixed() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import "dart:async" as a show Future;
+import "dart:async" as a show Stream;
+
+a.Future f;
+a.Stream s;
+''');
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef = findVariable('f').type;
+      checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Future',
+          expectedPrefix: 'a', numTypeParameters: 1);
+    }
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef = findVariable('s').type;
+      checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:async', 'dart:async', 'Stream',
+          expectedTargetUnit: 1, expectedPrefix: 'a', numTypeParameters: 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_import_reference_merged_prefixed_separate_libraries() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class A {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'class B {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import 'a.dart' as p;
+import 'b.dart' as p;
+
+p.A a;
+p.B b;
+''');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('a').type, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'A',
+        expectedPrefix: 'p');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('b').type, absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'B',
+        expectedPrefix: 'p');
+  }
+
+  test_import_self() {
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import 'test.dart' as p;
+class C {}
+class D extends p.C {} // Prevent "unused import" warning
+''');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uri, 'test.dart');
+    checkDependency(
+        linked.importDependencies[0], absUri('/test.dart'), 'test.dart');
+    checkTypeRef(unlinkedUnits[0].classes[1].supertype, absUri('/test.dart'),
+        'test.dart', 'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'p');
+  }
+
+  test_import_show_order() {
+    String libraryText =
+        'import "dart:async" show Future, Stream; Future x; Stream y;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].shows, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].hides, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].shows[0], 'Future');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].shows[1], 'Stream');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].offset,
+        libraryText.indexOf('show'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].combinators[0].end,
+        libraryText.indexOf('; Future'));
+  }
+
+  test_import_uri() {
+    String uriString = '"dart:async"';
+    String libraryText = 'import $uriString; Future x;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    // Second import is the implicit import of dart:core
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uri, 'dart:async');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_function_type_parameter_type_with_unrelated_type_param() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The type that is inferred for C.f's parameter g is "() -> void".
+    // Since the associated element for that function type is B.f's parameter g,
+    // and B has a type parameter, the inferred type will record a type
+    // parameter.
+    UnlinkedClass c = serializeClassText('''
+abstract class B<T> {
+  void f(void g());
+}
+class C<T> extends B<T> {
+  void f(g) {}
+}
+''');
+    expect(c.executables, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = c.executables[0];
+    expect(f.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedParam g = f.parameters[0];
+    expect(g.name, 'g');
+    EntityRef typeRef = getTypeRefForSlot(g.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'f',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.method, numTypeArguments: 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 1);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_keeps_leading_dynamic() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C { final x = <dynamic, int>{}; }');
+    EntityRef type = getTypeRefForSlot(cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that x has inferred type `Map<dynamic, int>`.
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type.typeArguments[0], null, null, 'dynamic');
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_reference_shared_prefixed() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Variable `y` has an inferred type of `p.C`.  Verify that the reference
+    // used by the explicit type of `x` is re-used for the inferred type.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('import "a.dart" as p; p.C x; var y = new p.C();');
+    EntityRef xType = findVariable('x').type;
+    EntityRef yType = getTypeRefForSlot(findVariable('y').inferredTypeSlot);
+    expect(yType.reference, xType.reference);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_bound_type_param() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<T> extends D<int, T> { var v; }'
+        ' abstract class D<U, V> { Map<V, U> get v; }',
+        className: 'C');
+    EntityRef type = getTypeRefForSlot(cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that v has inferred type Map<T, int>.
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(type.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_function_typed_param_of_typedef() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('''
+typedef void F(int g(String s));
+h(F f) => null;
+var v = h((y) {});
+''');
+    expect(v.initializer.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedExecutable closure = v.initializer.localFunctions[0];
+    expect(closure.parameters, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedParam y = closure.parameters[0];
+    expect(y.name, 'y');
+    EntityRef typeRef = getTypeRefForSlot(y.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef);
+    expect(typeRef.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [0]);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_function_typed_parameter_type_generic_class() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<T, U> extends D<U, int> { void f(int x, g) {} }'
+        ' abstract class D<V, W> { void f(int x, W g(V s)); }',
+        className: 'C');
+    EntityRef type =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(cls.executables[0].parameters[1].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that parameter g's inferred type is the type implied by D.f's 1st
+    // (zero-based) parameter.
+    expect(type.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [1]);
+    expect(type.paramReference, 0);
+    expect(type.typeArguments, hasLength(2));
+    checkParamTypeRef(type.typeArguments[0], 1);
+    checkTypeRef(type.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    expect(type.reference,
+        greaterThanOrEqualTo(unlinkedUnits[0].references.length));
+    LinkedReference linkedReference =
+        linked.units[0].references[type.reference];
+    expect(linkedReference.dependency, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.kind, ReferenceKind.method);
+    expect(linkedReference.name, 'f');
+    expect(linkedReference.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.unit, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, isNot(0));
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, lessThan(type.reference));
+    checkReferenceIndex(linkedReference.containingReference, null, null, 'D',
+        numTypeParameters: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_function_typed_parameter_type_other_lib() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'import "b.dart"; abstract class D extends E {}');
+    addNamedSource(
+        '/b.dart', 'abstract class E { void f(int x, int g(String s)); }');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "a.dart"; class C extends D { void f(int x, g) {} }');
+    EntityRef type =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(cls.executables[0].parameters[1].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that parameter g's inferred type is the type implied by D.f's 1st
+    // (zero-based) parameter.
+    expect(type.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [1]);
+    expect(type.paramReference, 0);
+    expect(type.typeArguments, isEmpty);
+    expect(type.reference,
+        greaterThanOrEqualTo(unlinkedUnits[0].references.length));
+    LinkedReference linkedReference =
+        linked.units[0].references[type.reference];
+    expect(linkedReference.dependency, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.kind, ReferenceKind.method);
+    expect(linkedReference.name, 'f');
+    expect(linkedReference.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.unit, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, isNot(0));
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, lessThan(type.reference));
+    checkReferenceIndex(
+        linkedReference.containingReference, absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'E');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_method_function_typed_parameter_type() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C extends D { void f(int x, g) {} }'
+        ' abstract class D { void f(int x, int g(String s)); }',
+        className: 'C');
+    EntityRef type =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(cls.executables[0].parameters[1].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that parameter g's inferred type is the type implied by D.f's 1st
+    // (zero-based) parameter.
+    expect(type.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [1]);
+    expect(type.paramReference, 0);
+    expect(type.typeArguments, isEmpty);
+    expect(type.reference,
+        greaterThanOrEqualTo(unlinkedUnits[0].references.length));
+    LinkedReference linkedReference =
+        linked.units[0].references[type.reference];
+    expect(linkedReference.dependency, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.kind, ReferenceKind.method);
+    expect(linkedReference.name, 'f');
+    expect(linkedReference.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.unit, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, isNot(0));
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, lessThan(type.reference));
+    checkReferenceIndex(linkedReference.containingReference, null, null, 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_nested_function_typed_param() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('''
+f(void g(int x, void h())) => null;
+var v = f((x, y) {});
+''');
+    expect(v.initializer.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedExecutable closure = v.initializer.localFunctions[0];
+    expect(closure.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    UnlinkedParam y = closure.parameters[1];
+    expect(y.name, 'y');
+    EntityRef typeRef = getTypeRefForSlot(y.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'f',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+    expect(typeRef.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [0, 1]);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_nested_function_typed_param_named() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('''
+f({void g(int x, void h())}) => null;
+var v = f(g: (x, y) {});
+''');
+    expect(v.initializer.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+    UnlinkedExecutable closure = v.initializer.localFunctions[0];
+    expect(closure.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    UnlinkedParam y = closure.parameters[1];
+    expect(y.name, 'y');
+    EntityRef typeRef = getTypeRefForSlot(y.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'f',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+    expect(typeRef.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [0, 1]);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_refers_to_setter_function_typed_parameter_type() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C extends D { void set f(g) {} }'
+        ' abstract class D { void set f(int g(String s)); }',
+        className: 'C');
+    EntityRef type =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(cls.executables[0].parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that parameter g's inferred type is the type implied by D.f's 1st
+    // (zero-based) parameter.
+    expect(type.implicitFunctionTypeIndices, [0]);
+    expect(type.paramReference, 0);
+    expect(type.typeArguments, isEmpty);
+    expect(type.reference,
+        greaterThanOrEqualTo(unlinkedUnits[0].references.length));
+    LinkedReference linkedReference =
+        linked.units[0].references[type.reference];
+    expect(linkedReference.dependency, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.kind, ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    expect(linkedReference.name, 'f=');
+    expect(linkedReference.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.unit, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, isNot(0));
+    expect(linkedReference.containingReference, lessThan(type.reference));
+    checkReferenceIndex(linkedReference.containingReference, null, null, 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_skips_trailing_dynamic() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C { final x = <int, dynamic>{}; }');
+    EntityRef type = getTypeRefForSlot(cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that x has inferred type `Map<int, dynamic>`.
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    checkLinkedDynamicTypeRef(type.typeArguments[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_inferred_type_skips_unnecessary_dynamic() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C { final x = []; }');
+    EntityRef type = getTypeRefForSlot(cls.fields[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+    // Check that x has inferred type `List<dynamic>`.
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'List',
+        numTypeParameters: 1, numTypeArguments: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_bottom_return_type() {
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => Bottom`.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('int v = null;');
+    expect(variable.initializer.returnType, isNull);
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot, null, null, '*bottom*',
+        onlyInStrongMode: false);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_imported_return_type() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C { D d; } class D {}');
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => D`; `D` is defined in
+    // a library that is imported.  Note: `v` is mis-typed as `int` to prevent
+    // type propagation, which would complicate the test.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        'import "a.dart"; int v = new C().d;',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(variable.initializer.returnType, isNull);
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot,
+        absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'D',
+        onlyInStrongMode: false);
+    checkHasDependency('a.dart', fullyLinked: false);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_return_type_from_closure() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => () => int`, where the
+    // `() => int` part refers to the closure declared inside the initializer
+    // for v.  Note: `v` is mis-typed as `int` to prevent type propagation,
+    // which would complicate the test.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int v = () => 0;', allowErrors: true);
+    EntityRef closureType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(closureType, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int initializerIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[closureType.reference].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(initializerIndex, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int variableIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[initializerIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(variableIndex, null, null, 'v',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    expect(definingUnit.references[variableIndex].containingReference, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_return_type_from_closure_field() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => () => int`, where the
+    // `() => int` part refers to the closure declared inside the initializer
+    // for v.  Note: `v` is mis-typed as `int` to prevent type propagation,
+    // which would complicate the test.
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        '''
+class C {
+  int v = () => 0;
+}
+''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = cls.fields[0];
+    EntityRef closureType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(closureType, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int initializerIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[closureType.reference].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(initializerIndex, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int variableIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[initializerIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(variableIndex, null, null, 'v',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.propertyAccessor);
+    int classIndex = definingUnit.references[variableIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(classIndex, null, null, 'C');
+    expect(definingUnit.references[classIndex].containingReference, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_return_type_from_closure_local() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => () => int`, where the
+    // `() => int` part refers to the closure declared inside the initializer
+    // for v.  Note: `v` is mis-typed as `int` to prevent type propagation,
+    // which would complicate the test.
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText(
+        '''
+void f() {
+  int u = 0; // force the variable below to have index 1
+  int v = () => 0;
+}''',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = executable.localVariables[1];
+    EntityRef closureType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(closureType, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int initializerIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[closureType.reference].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(initializerIndex, null, null, '',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.function);
+    int variableIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[initializerIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(variableIndex, null, null, 'v',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.variable, localIndex: 1);
+    int topLevelFunctionIndex =
+        definingUnit.references[variableIndex].containingReference;
+    checkReferenceIndex(topLevelFunctionIndex, null, null, 'f',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction);
+    expect(
+        definingUnit.references[topLevelFunctionIndex].containingReference, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_initializer_executable_with_unimported_return_type() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'import "b.dart"; class C { D d; }');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'class D {}');
+    // The synthetic executable for `v` has type `() => D`; `D` is defined in
+    // a library that is not imported.  Note: `v` is mis-typed as `int` to
+    // prevent type propagation, which would complicate the test.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(
+        'import "a.dart"; int v = new C().d;',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(variable.initializer.returnType, isNull);
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot,
+        absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'D',
+        onlyInStrongMode: false);
+    if (!skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      checkHasDependency('b.dart', fullyLinked: true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_library_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+library foo;''';
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryDocumentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].libraryDocumentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_library_name_with_spaces() {
+    String text = 'library foo . bar ;';
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryName, 'foo.bar');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameOffset, text.indexOf('foo . bar'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameLength, 'foo . bar'.length);
+  }
+
+  test_library_named() {
+    String text = 'library foo.bar;';
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryName, 'foo.bar');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameOffset, text.indexOf('foo.bar'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameLength, 'foo.bar'.length);
+  }
+
+  test_library_unnamed() {
+    serializeLibraryText('');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryName, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameOffset, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryNameLength, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_library_with_missing_part() {
+    // References to other parts should still be resolved.
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    addNamedSource('/bar.dart', 'part of my.lib; class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'library my.lib; part "foo.dart"; part "bar.dart"; C c;',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, null, 'C',
+        expectedTargetUnit: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_lineStarts() {
+    String text = '''
+int foo;
+class Test {}
+
+int bar;'''
+        .replaceAll('\r\n', '\n');
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].lineStarts, [0, 9, 23, 24]);
+  }
+
+  test_linked_reference_reuse() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // When the reference for a linked type is the same as an explicitly
+    // referenced type, the explicit reference should be re-used.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'import "a.dart"; C f() => null;');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'import "a.dart"; import "b.dart"; C c1; final c2 = f();');
+    int explicitReference = findVariable('c1').type.reference;
+    expect(getTypeRefForSlot(findVariable('c2').inferredTypeSlot).reference,
+        explicitReference);
+  }
+
+  test_linked_type_dependency_reuse() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // When the dependency for a linked type is the same as an explicit
+    // dependency, the explicit dependency should be re-used.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {} class D {}');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'import "a.dart"; D f() => null;');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'import "a.dart"; import "b.dart"; C c; final d = f();');
+    int cReference = findVariable('c').type.reference;
+    int explicitDependency = linked.units[0].references[cReference].dependency;
+    int dReference =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(findVariable('d').inferredTypeSlot).reference;
+    expect(
+        linked.units[0].references[dReference].dependency, explicitDependency);
+  }
+
+  test_local_names_take_precedence_over_imported_names() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {} class D {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import 'a.dart';
+class C {}
+C c;
+D d;''');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('c').type, null, null, 'C');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('d').type, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'D');
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_classDeclaration() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeClassText('const a = null; @a class C {}').annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_classTypeAlias() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText(
+            'const a = null; @a class C = D with E; class D {} class E {}',
+            className: 'C')
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class A { const A.named(); } @A.named() class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'A')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named_prefixed() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'class A { const A.named(); }');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "foo.dart" as foo; @foo.A.named() class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.constructor,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'A',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'), relativeUri: 'foo.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'foo')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named_prefixed_unresolved_class() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', '');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "foo.dart" as foo; @foo.A.named() class C {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'A'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'foo')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named_prefixed_unresolved_constructor() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'class A {}');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "foo.dart" as foo; @foo.A.named() class C {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'A',
+                    absoluteUri: absUri('/foo.dart'), relativeUri: 'foo.dart'),
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.prefix, 'foo')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named_unresolved_class() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('@A.named() class C {}', allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.unresolved, 'A')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_named_unresolved_constructor() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class A {} @A.named() class C {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'named',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved,
+              prefixExpectations: [
+                new _PrefixExpectation(ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, 'A')
+              ])
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_unnamed() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class A { const A(); } @A() class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'A',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_unnamed_prefixed() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'class A { const A(); }');
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('import "foo.dart" as foo; @foo.A() class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart', 'A',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, expectedPrefix: 'foo')
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_unnamed_prefixed_unresolved() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', '');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "foo.dart" as foo; @foo.A() class C {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'A',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved, expectedPrefix: 'foo')
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_unnamed_unresolved() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('@A() class C {}', allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      0
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'A',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructor_call_with_args() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class A { const A(x); } @A(null) class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushNull,
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.invokeConstructor,
+    ], ints: [
+      0,
+      1
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'A',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructorDeclaration_named() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a C.named(); }')
+            .executables[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_constructorDeclaration_unnamed() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a C(); }')
+        .executables[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_enumDeclaration() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeEnumText('const a = null; @a enum E { v }').annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_exportDirective() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', '');
+    serializeLibraryText('@a export "foo.dart"; const a = null;');
+    checkAnnotationA(unlinkedUnits[0].exports[0].annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_fieldDeclaration() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a int x; }')
+        .fields[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_fieldFormalParameter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { var x; C(@a this.x); }')
+            .executables[0]
+            .parameters[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_fieldFormalParameter_withDefault() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText(
+            'const a = null; class C { var x; C([@a this.x = null]); }')
+        .executables[0]
+        .parameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionDeclaration_function() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeExecutableText('const a = null; @a f() {}').annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionDeclaration_getter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeExecutableText('const a = null; @a get f => null;')
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionDeclaration_setter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeExecutableText(
+            'const a = null; @a set f(value) {}',
+            executableName: 'f=')
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionTypeAlias() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeTypedefText('const a = null; @a typedef F();').annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionTypedFormalParameter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeExecutableText('const a = null; f(@a g()) {}')
+        .parameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_functionTypedFormalParameter_withDefault() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeExecutableText('const a = null; f([@a g() = null]) {}')
+            .parameters[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_importDirective() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'const b = null;');
+    serializeLibraryText('@a import "foo.dart"; const a = b;');
+    checkAnnotationA(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_libraryDirective() {
+    serializeLibraryText('@a library L; const a = null;');
+    checkAnnotationA(unlinkedUnits[0].libraryAnnotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_methodDeclaration_getter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a get m => null; }')
+            .executables[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_methodDeclaration_method() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a m() {} }')
+        .executables[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_methodDeclaration_setter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeClassText('const a = null; class C { @a set m(value) {} }')
+            .executables[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_multiple_annotations() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('const a = null, b = null; @a @b class C {}');
+    List<UnlinkedConst> annotations = cls.annotations;
+    expect(annotations, hasLength(2));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(annotations[1], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'b',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_partDirective() {
+    addNamedSource('/foo.dart', 'part of L;');
+    serializeLibraryText('library L; @a part "foo.dart"; const a = null;');
+    checkAnnotationA(unlinkedUnits[0].parts[0].annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_prefixed_variable() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'const b = null;');
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('import "a.dart" as a; @a.b class C {}');
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'b',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor,
+          expectedPrefix: 'a')
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_prefixed_variable_unresolved() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', '');
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'import "a.dart" as a; @a.b class C {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'b',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved, expectedPrefix: 'a')
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_simpleFormalParameter() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeExecutableText('const a = null; f(@a x) {}')
+        .parameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_simpleFormalParameter_withDefault() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeExecutableText('const a = null; f([@a x = null]) {}')
+            .parameters[0]
+            .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_topLevelVariableDeclaration() {
+    checkAnnotationA(
+        serializeVariableText('const a = null; @a int v;').annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_typeParameter_ofClass() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText('const a = null; class C<@a T> {}')
+        .typeParameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_typeParameter_ofClassTypeAlias() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeClassText(
+            'const a = null; class C<@a T> = D with E; class D {} class E {}',
+            className: 'C')
+        .typeParameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_typeParameter_ofFunction() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeExecutableText('const a = null; f<@a T>() {}')
+        .typeParameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_typeParameter_ofTypedef() {
+    checkAnnotationA(serializeTypedefText('const a = null; typedef F<@a T>();')
+        .typeParameters[0]
+        .annotations);
+  }
+
+  test_metadata_variable_unresolved() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('@a class C {}', allowErrors: true);
+    expect(cls.annotations, hasLength(1));
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(cls.annotations[0], operators: [
+      UnlinkedConstOperation.pushReference
+    ], referenceValidators: [
+      (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+          expectedKind: ReferenceKind.unresolved)
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  test_method_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+class C {
+  /**
+   * Docs
+   */
+  f() {}
+}''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeClassText(text).executables[0];
+    expect(executable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(executable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { void f(num value) {} }'
+            ' abstract class D { void f(int value); }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { num f() => null; } abstract class D { int f(); }',
+            className: 'C',
+            allowErrors: true)
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { void f(value) {} }'
+            ' abstract class D { void f(int value); }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { f() => null; } abstract class D { int f(); }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_static_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { static void f(value) {} }'
+            ' class D { static void f(int value) {} }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_method_inferred_type_static_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { static f() => null; }'
+            ' class D { static int f() => null; }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_nested_generic_functions() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable = serializeExecutableText('''
+void f<T, U>() {
+  void g<V, W>() {
+    void h<X, Y>() {
+      T t;
+      U u;
+      V v;
+      W w;
+      X x;
+      Y y;
+    }
+  }
+}
+''');
+    expect(executable.typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(executable.localFunctions[0].typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(executable.localFunctions[0].localFunctions[0].typeParameters,
+        hasLength(2));
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> localVariables =
+        executable.localFunctions[0].localFunctions[0].localVariables;
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('t', variables: localVariables).type, 6);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('u', variables: localVariables).type, 5);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('v', variables: localVariables).type, 4);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('w', variables: localVariables).type, 3);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('x', variables: localVariables).type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('y', variables: localVariables).type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_nested_generic_functions_in_generic_class() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('''
+class C<T, U> {
+  void g<V, W>() {
+    void h<X, Y>() {
+      T t;
+      U u;
+      V v;
+      W w;
+      X x;
+      Y y;
+    }
+  }
+}
+''');
+    expect(cls.typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(cls.executables[0].typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(cls.executables[0].localFunctions[0].typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> localVariables =
+        cls.executables[0].localFunctions[0].localVariables;
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('t', variables: localVariables).type, 6);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('u', variables: localVariables).type, 5);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('v', variables: localVariables).type, 4);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('w', variables: localVariables).type, 3);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('x', variables: localVariables).type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(findVariable('y', variables: localVariables).type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_abstractMethod() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable m = findExecutable('m',
+        executables:
+            serializeClassText('abstract class C { m(p); }').executables,
+        failIfAbsent: true);
+    _assertParameterZeroVisibleRange(m.parameters[0]);
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_function_blockBody() {
+    String text = r'''
+f(x) { // 1
+  f2(y) { // 2
+  } // 3
+} // 4
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    UnlinkedExecutable f2 = f.localFunctions[0];
+    _assertParameterVisible(text, f.parameters[0], '{ // 1', '} // 4');
+    _assertParameterVisible(text, f2.parameters[0], '{ // 2', '} // 3');
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_function_emptyBody() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText('external f(x);');
+    _assertParameterZeroVisibleRange(f.parameters[0]);
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_function_expressionBody() {
+    String text = r'''
+f(x) => 42;
+''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    _assertParameterVisible(text, f.parameters[0], '=>', ';');
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_inFunctionTypedParameter() {
+    String text = 'f(g(p)) {}';
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeExecutableText(text);
+    UnlinkedParam g = f.parameters[0];
+    UnlinkedParam p = g.parameters[0];
+    expect(g.name, 'g');
+    expect(p.name, 'p');
+    _assertParameterVisible(text, g, '{', '}');
+    _assertParameterZeroVisibleRange(p);
+  }
+
+  test_parameter_visibleRange_typedef() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F(x);');
+    _assertParameterZeroVisibleRange(type.parameters[0]);
+  }
+
+  test_part_declaration() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of my.lib;');
+    String text = 'library my.lib; part "a.dart"; // <-part';
+    serializeLibraryText(text);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts[0], 'a.dart');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].parts, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].parts[0].uriOffset, text.indexOf('"a.dart"'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].parts[0].uriEnd, text.indexOf('; // <-part'));
+  }
+
+  test_parts_defining_compilation_unit() {
+    serializeLibraryText('');
+    expect(linked.units, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_parts_included() {
+    addNamedSource('/part1.dart', 'part of my.lib;');
+    String partString = '"part1.dart"';
+    String libraryText = 'library my.lib; part $partString;';
+    serializeLibraryText(libraryText);
+    expect(linked.units, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts[0], 'part1.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_public_namespace_of_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of foo; class C {}');
+    serializeLibraryText('library foo; part "a.dart";');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[1].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[1].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_reference_zero() {
+    // Element zero of the references table should be populated in a standard
+    // way.
+    serializeLibraryText('');
+    UnlinkedReference unlinkedReference0 = unlinkedUnits[0].references[0];
+    expect(unlinkedReference0.name, '');
+    expect(unlinkedReference0.prefixReference, 0);
+    LinkedReference linkedReference0 = linked.units[0].references[0];
+    expect(linkedReference0.containingReference, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference0.dependency, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference0.kind, ReferenceKind.unresolved);
+    expect(linkedReference0.localIndex, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference0.name, '');
+    expect(linkedReference0.numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(linkedReference0.unit, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+void set f(value) {}''';
+    UnlinkedExecutable executable =
+        serializeExecutableText(text, executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(executable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(executable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { void set f(num value) {} }'
+            ' abstract class D { void set f(int value); }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_nonstatic_explicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f =
+        serializeClassText('class C { void set f(int value) {} }').executables[
+            0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { void set f(value) {} }'
+            ' abstract class D { void set f(int value); }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(
+        f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_nonstatic_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f =
+        serializeClassText('class C { set f(int value) {} }').executables[0];
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, null, null, 'void');
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_static_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f = serializeClassText(
+            'class C extends D { static void set f(value) {} }'
+            ' class D { static void set f(int value) {} }',
+            className: 'C')
+        .executables[0];
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_static_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static set f(int value) {} }')
+            .executables[0];
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_top_level_implicit_param() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f =
+        serializeExecutableText('void set f(value) {}', executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(f.parameters[0].inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_setter_inferred_type_top_level_implicit_return() {
+    UnlinkedExecutable f =
+        serializeExecutableText('set f(int value) {}', executableName: 'f=');
+    expect(f.inferredReturnTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_slot_reuse() {
+    // Different compilation units have independent notions of slot id, so slot
+    // ids should be reused.
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of foo; final v = 0;');
+    serializeLibraryText('library foo; part "a.dart"; final w = 0;');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[1].variables[0].inferredTypeSlot,
+        unlinkedUnits[0].variables[0].inferredTypeSlot);
+  }
+
+  test_syntheticFunctionType_genericClosure() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!strongMode) {
+      // The test below uses generic comment syntax because proper generic
+      // method syntax doesn't support generic closures.  So it can only run in
+      // strong mode.
+      // TODO(paulberry): once proper generic method syntax supports generic
+      // closures, rewrite the test below without using generic comment syntax,
+      // and remove this hack.  See dartbug.com/25819
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+final v = f() ? /*<T>*/(T t) => 0 : /*<T>*/(T t) => 1;
+bool f() => true;
+''');
+    EntityRef inferredType = getTypeRefForSlot(variable.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticReturnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    expect(inferredType.syntheticParams, hasLength(1));
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticParams[0].type, null, null, '*bottom*');
+  }
+
+  test_syntheticFunctionType_genericClosure_inGenericFunction() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!strongMode) {
+      // The test below uses generic comment syntax because proper generic
+      // method syntax doesn't support generic closures.  So it can only run in
+      // strong mode.
+      // TODO(paulberry): once proper generic method syntax supports generic
+      // closures, rewrite the test below without using generic comment syntax,
+      // and remove this hack.  See dartbug.com/25819
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeExecutableText('''
+void f<T, U>(bool b) {
+  final v = b ? /*<V>*/(T t, U u, V v) => 0 : /*<V>*/(T t, U u, V v) => 1;
+}
+''').localVariables[0];
+    EntityRef inferredType = getTypeRefForSlot(variable.inferredTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticReturnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    expect(inferredType.syntheticParams, hasLength(3));
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[0].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[1].type, 1);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticParams[2].type, null, null, '*bottom*');
+  }
+
+  test_syntheticFunctionType_inGenericClass() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeClassText('''
+class C<T, U> {
+  var v = f() ? (T t, U u) => 0 : (T t, U u) => 1;
+}
+bool f() => false;
+''').fields[0];
+    EntityRef inferredType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticReturnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[0].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[1].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_syntheticFunctionType_inGenericFunction() {
+    if (skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeExecutableText('''
+void f<T, U>(bool b) {
+  var v = b ? (T t, U u) => 0 : (T t, U u) => 1;
+}
+''').localVariables[0];
+    EntityRef inferredType =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(
+        inferredType.syntheticReturnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[0].type, 2);
+    checkParamTypeRef(inferredType.syntheticParams[1].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('List<int>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'List',
+        numTypeParameters: 1, numTypeArguments: 1);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_dynamic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('List<dynamic>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'List',
+        numTypeParameters: 1, numTypeArguments: 1);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_dynamic_dynamic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Map<dynamic, dynamic>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0]);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_dynamic_int() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Map<dynamic, int>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0]);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_dynamic_typedef() {
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('F<dynamic>', otherDeclarations: 'typedef T F<T>();');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef,
+        numTypeParameters: 1,
+        numTypeArguments: 1);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_String_dynamic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Map<String, dynamic>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_String_int() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Map<String, int>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'String');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_explicit_typedef() {
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('F<int>', otherDeclarations: 'typedef T F<T>();');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef,
+        numTypeParameters: 1,
+        numTypeArguments: 1);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_implicit() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('List');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'List',
+        numTypeParameters: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_implicit_typedef() {
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('F', otherDeclarations: 'typedef T F<T>();');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef, numTypeParameters: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_implicit_typedef_withBound() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('F',
+        otherDeclarations: 'typedef T F<T extends num>();');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef, numTypeParameters: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_arguments_order() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Map<int, Object>');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Map',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, numTypeArguments: 2);
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef.typeArguments[1], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'Object');
+  }
+
+  test_type_dynamic() {
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(serializeTypeText('dynamic'));
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_codeRange() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class A {} class C<T extends A> {}');
+    UnlinkedTypeParam typeParameter = cls.typeParameters[0];
+    _assertCodeRange(typeParameter.codeRange, 19, 11);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_constructor() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C<D> { D x; C.D(); } class D {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.fields[0].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_field_in_extends() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C<T> extends D<T> { T x; } class D<T> {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.supertype.typeArguments[0], 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_field_in_implements() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C<T> implements D<T> { T x; } class D<T> {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.interfaces[0].typeArguments[0], 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_field_in_with() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<T> extends Object with D<T> { T x; } class D<T> {}');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.mixins[0].typeArguments[0], 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_method_parameter() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C<T> { f(int T, T x) {} }');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.executables[0].parameters[1].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_setter() {
+    // The code under test should not produce a compile-time error, but it
+    // does.
+    bool workAroundBug25525 = true;
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<D> { D x; void set D(value) {} } class D {}',
+        allowErrors: workAroundBug25525);
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.fields[0].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_not_shadowed_by_typedef_parameter() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef typedef =
+        serializeTypedefText('typedef void F<T>(int T, T x);');
+    checkParamTypeRef(typedef.parameters[1].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_shadowed_by_field() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<D> { D x; int D; } class D {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(cls.fields[0].type);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_shadowed_by_getter() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<D> { D x; int get D => null; } class D {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(cls.fields[0].type);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_shadowed_by_method() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText(
+        'class C<D> { D x; void D() {} } class D {}',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(cls.fields[0].type);
+  }
+
+  test_type_param_shadowed_by_type_param() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls =
+        serializeClassText('class C<T> { T f<T>(T x) => null; }');
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.executables[0].returnType, 1);
+    checkParamTypeRef(cls.executables[0].parameters[0].type, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_from_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of foo; C v;');
+    serializeLibraryText('library foo; part "a.dart"; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('v', variables: unlinkedUnits[1].variables).type,
+        null, null, 'C',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum,
+        linkedSourceUnit: linked.units[1],
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedUnits[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_from_part_withPrefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'class C {}');
+    addNamedSource('/p.dart', 'part of foo; a.C v;');
+    serializeLibraryText(
+        'library foo; import "a.dart"; import "a.dart" as a; part "p.dart";',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    checkTypeRef(findVariable('v', variables: unlinkedUnits[1].variables).type,
+        absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'a',
+        linkedSourceUnit: linked.units[1],
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedUnits[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_class_argument() {
+    UnlinkedClass cls = serializeClassText('class C<T, U> { T t; U u; }');
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef =
+          findVariable('t', variables: cls.fields, failIfAbsent: true).type;
+      checkParamTypeRef(typeRef, 2);
+    }
+    {
+      EntityRef typeRef =
+          findVariable('u', variables: cls.fields, failIfAbsent: true).type;
+      checkParamTypeRef(typeRef, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_import_of_export() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; export "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'import "a.dart";'),
+        absUri('/b.dart'), 'b.dart', 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_import_of_export_via_prefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; export "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'library b; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('p.C', otherDeclarations: 'import "a.dart" as p;'),
+        absUri('/b.dart'),
+        'b.dart',
+        'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'p');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_imported_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library my.lib; part "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'part of my.lib; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('C',
+            otherDeclarations: 'library my.lib; import "a.dart";'),
+        absUri('/a.dart'),
+        'a.dart',
+        'C',
+        expectedTargetUnit: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_imported_part_with_prefix() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library my.lib; part "b.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'part of my.lib; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('p.C',
+            otherDeclarations: 'library my.lib; import "a.dart" as p;'),
+        absUri('/a.dart'),
+        'a.dart',
+        'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'p',
+        expectedTargetUnit: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_internal_class() {
+    checkTypeRef(serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'class C {}'), null,
+        null, 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_internal_class_alias() {
+    checkTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('C',
+            otherDeclarations: 'class C = D with E; class D {} class E {}'),
+        null,
+        null,
+        'C');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_internal_enum() {
+    checkTypeRef(serializeTypeText('E', otherDeclarations: 'enum E { value }'),
+        null, null, 'E');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_local_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of my.lib; class C {}');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        serializeTypeText('C',
+            otherDeclarations: 'library my.lib; part "a.dart";'),
+        null,
+        null,
+        'C',
+        expectedTargetUnit: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_nonexistent_file_via_prefix() {
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('p.C',
+        otherDeclarations: 'import "foo.dart" as p;', allowErrors: true);
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(typeRef, 'p', 'C');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_part() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of foo; class C { C(); }');
+    serializeLibraryText('library foo; part "a.dart"; C c;');
+    checkTypeRef(unlinkedUnits[0].variables.single.type, null, null, 'C',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.classOrEnum, expectedTargetUnit: 1);
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_type_visible_via_multiple_import_prefixes() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib1.dart', 'class C');
+    addNamedSource('/lib2.dart', 'export "lib1.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/lib3.dart', 'export "lib1.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/lib4.dart', 'export "lib1.dart";');
+    serializeLibraryText('''
+import 'lib2.dart';
+import 'lib3.dart' as a;
+import 'lib4.dart' as b;
+C c2;
+a.C c3;
+b.C c4;''');
+    // Note: it is important that each reference to class C records the prefix
+    // used to find it; otherwise it's possible that relinking might produce an
+    // incorrect result after a change to lib2.dart, lib3.dart, or lib4.dart.
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('c2').type, absUri('/lib1.dart'), 'lib1.dart', 'C');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('c3').type, absUri('/lib1.dart'), 'lib1.dart', 'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'a');
+    checkTypeRef(
+        findVariable('c4').type, absUri('/lib1.dart'), 'lib1.dart', 'C',
+        expectedPrefix: 'b');
+  }
+
+  test_type_reference_to_typedef() {
+    checkTypeRef(serializeTypeText('F', otherDeclarations: 'typedef void F();'),
+        null, null, 'F',
+        expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef);
+  }
+
+  test_type_unit_counts_unreferenced_units() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'library a; part "b.dart"; part "c.dart";');
+    addNamedSource('/b.dart', 'part of a;');
+    addNamedSource('/c.dart', 'part of a; class C {}');
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('C', otherDeclarations: 'import "a.dart";');
+    // The referenced unit should be 2, since unit 0 is a.dart and unit 1 is
+    // b.dart.  a.dart and b.dart are counted even though nothing is imported
+    // from them.
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, absUri('/a.dart'), 'a.dart', 'C',
+        expectedTargetUnit: 2);
+  }
+
+  test_type_unresolved() {
+    EntityRef typeRef = serializeTypeText('Foo', allowErrors: true);
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(typeRef, null, 'Foo');
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_codeRange() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F();');
+    _assertCodeRange(type.codeRange, 0, 12);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+typedef F();''';
+    UnlinkedTypedef typedef = serializeTypedefText(text);
+    expect(typedef.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(typedef.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_name() {
+    String text = 'typedef F();';
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText(text);
+    expect(type.name, 'F');
+    expect(type.nameOffset, text.indexOf('F'));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(1));
+    expect(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind, ReferenceKind.typedef);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'F');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_param_none() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F();');
+    expect(type.parameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_param_order() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F(x, y);');
+    expect(type.parameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(type.parameters[0].name, 'x');
+    expect(type.parameters[1].name, 'y');
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_private() {
+    serializeTypedefText('typedef _F();', '_F');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_reference_generic() {
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('F', otherDeclarations: 'typedef void F<A, B>();');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, null, null, 'F',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_reference_generic_imported() {
+    addNamedSource('/lib.dart', 'typedef void F<A, B>();');
+    EntityRef typeRef =
+        serializeTypeText('F', otherDeclarations: 'import "lib.dart";');
+    checkTypeRef(typeRef, absUri('/lib.dart'), 'lib.dart', 'F',
+        numTypeParameters: 2, expectedKind: ReferenceKind.typedef);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_return_type_explicit() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef int F();');
+    checkTypeRef(type.returnType, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_type_param_in_parameter() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F<T>(T t);');
+    checkParamTypeRef(type.parameters[0].type, 1);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_type_param_in_return_type() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef T F<T>();');
+    checkParamTypeRef(type.returnType, 1);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_type_param_none() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F();');
+    expect(type.typeParameters, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_typedef_type_param_order() {
+    UnlinkedTypedef type = serializeTypedefText('typedef F<T, U>();');
+    expect(type.typeParameters, hasLength(2));
+    expect(type.typeParameters[0].name, 'T');
+    expect(type.typeParameters[1].name, 'U');
+  }
+
+  test_unit_codeRange() {
+    serializeLibraryText('  int a = 1;  ');
+    UnlinkedUnit unit = unlinkedUnits[0];
+    _assertCodeRange(unit.codeRange, 0, 14);
+  }
+
+  test_unresolved_export() {
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText("export 'foo.dart';", allowErrors: true);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.exports[0].uri, 'foo.dart');
+    expect(linked.exportDependencies, hasLength(1));
+    checkDependency(
+        linked.exportDependencies[0], absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_unresolved_import() {
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText("import 'foo.dart';", allowErrors: true);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[0].uri, 'foo.dart');
+    // Note: imports[1] is the implicit import of dart:core.
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].imports[1].isImplicit, true);
+    expect(linked.importDependencies, hasLength(2));
+    checkDependency(
+        linked.importDependencies[0], absUri('/foo.dart'), 'foo.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_unresolved_part() {
+    allowMissingFiles = true;
+    serializeLibraryText("part 'foo.dart';", allowErrors: true);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts, hasLength(1));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.parts[0], 'foo.dart');
+  }
+
+  test_unresolved_reference_in_multiple_parts() {
+    addNamedSource('/a.dart', 'part of foo; int x; Unresolved y;');
+    serializeLibraryText('library foo; part "a.dart"; Unresolved z;',
+        allowErrors: true);
+    // The unresolved types in the defining compilation unit and the part
+    // should both work correctly even though they use different reference
+    // indices.
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(
+        unlinkedUnits[0].variables[0].type, null, 'Unresolved');
+    checkUnresolvedTypeRef(
+        unlinkedUnits[1].variables[1].type, null, 'Unresolved',
+        linkedSourceUnit: linked.units[1],
+        unlinkedSourceUnit: unlinkedUnits[1]);
+  }
+
+  test_unresolved_reference_shared() {
+    // Both `x` and `y` use unresolved identifier `C` as their type.  Verify
+    // that they both use the same unresolved reference.
+    serializeLibraryText('C x; C y;', allowErrors: true);
+    EntityRef xType = findVariable('x').type;
+    EntityRef yType = findVariable('y').type;
+    expect(xType.reference, yType.reference);
+  }
+
+  test_unused_type_parameter() {
+    if (!strongMode || skipFullyLinkedData) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+class C<T> {
+  void f() {}
+}
+C<int> c;
+var v = c.f;
+''');
+    EntityRef type =
+        getTypeRefForSlot(variable.initializer.inferredReturnTypeSlot);
+    expect(type.typeArguments, hasLength(1));
+    checkLinkedTypeRef(type.typeArguments[0], 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_variable() {
+    String text = 'int i;';
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText(text, variableName: 'i');
+    expect(v.nameOffset, text.indexOf('i;'));
+    expect(findExecutable('i'), isNull);
+    expect(findExecutable('i='), isNull);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, hasLength(2));
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].name, 'i');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[0].numTypeParameters, 0);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[1].kind,
+        ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor);
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[1].name, 'i=');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names[1].numTypeParameters, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_codeRange() {
+    serializeLibraryText(' int a = 1, b = 22;');
+    List<UnlinkedVariable> variables = unlinkedUnits[0].variables;
+    _assertCodeRange(variables[0].codeRange, 1, 18);
+    _assertCodeRange(variables[1].codeRange, 1, 18);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_const() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('const int i = 0;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isConst, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_documented() {
+    String text = '''
+// Extra comment so doc comment offset != 0
+/**
+ * Docs
+ */
+var v;''';
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(text);
+    expect(variable.documentationComment, isNotNull);
+    checkDocumentationComment(variable.documentationComment, text);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_explicit_dynamic() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('dynamic v;');
+    checkDynamicTypeRef(variable.type);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_final_top_level() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('final int i = 0;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isTrue);
+    expect(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_final_top_level_untyped() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('final v = 0;');
+    expect(variable.initializer.bodyExpr, isNotNull);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_implicit_dynamic() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v;');
+    expect(variable.type, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_inferred_type_explicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('int v = 0;');
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_inferred_type_implicit_initialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('var v = 0;');
+    checkInferredTypeSlot(v.inferredTypeSlot, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  test_variable_inferred_type_implicit_uninitialized() {
+    UnlinkedVariable v = serializeVariableText('var v;');
+    expect(v.inferredTypeSlot, 0);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_initializer_literal() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v = 42;');
+    UnlinkedExecutable initializer = variable.initializer;
+    expect(initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(initializer.nameOffset, 8);
+    expect(initializer.name, isEmpty);
+    expect(initializer.localFunctions, isEmpty);
+    expect(initializer.localVariables, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_initializer_noInitializer() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('var v;');
+    expect(variable.initializer, isNull);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_initializer_withLocals() {
+    String text = 'var v = <dynamic, dynamic>{"1": () { f1() {} var v1; }, '
+        '"2": () { f2() {} var v2; }};';
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText(text);
+    UnlinkedExecutable initializer = variable.initializer;
+    expect(initializer, isNotNull);
+    expect(initializer.nameOffset, text.indexOf('<dynamic, dynamic>{"1'));
+    expect(initializer.name, isEmpty);
+    expect(initializer.localFunctions, hasLength(2));
+    // closure: () { f1() {} var v1; }
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable closure = initializer.localFunctions[0];
+      expect(closure.nameOffset, text.indexOf('() { f1()'));
+      expect(closure.name, isEmpty);
+      // closure - f1
+      expect(closure.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+      expect(closure.localFunctions[0].name, 'f1');
+      expect(closure.localFunctions[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('f1()'));
+      // closure - v1
+      expect(closure.localVariables, hasLength(1));
+      expect(closure.localVariables[0].name, 'v1');
+      expect(closure.localVariables[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('v1;'));
+    }
+    // closure: () { f2() {} var v2; }
+    {
+      UnlinkedExecutable closure = initializer.localFunctions[1];
+      expect(closure.nameOffset, text.indexOf('() { f2()'));
+      expect(closure.name, isEmpty);
+      // closure - f1
+      expect(closure.localFunctions, hasLength(1));
+      expect(closure.localFunctions[0].name, 'f2');
+      expect(closure.localFunctions[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('f2()'));
+      // closure - v1
+      expect(closure.localVariables, hasLength(1));
+      expect(closure.localVariables[0].name, 'v2');
+      expect(closure.localVariables[0].nameOffset, text.indexOf('v2;'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  test_variable_name() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.name, 'i');
+  }
+
+  test_variable_no_flags() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isFalse);
+    expect(variable.isConst, isFalse);
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_non_const() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i = 0;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isConst, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_non_final() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isFinal, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_non_static() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { int i; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_non_static_top_level() {
+    // Top level variables are considered non-static.
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i;', variableName: 'i');
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_private() {
+    serializeVariableText('int _i;', variableName: '_i');
+    expect(unlinkedUnits[0].publicNamespace.names, isEmpty);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_static() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeClassText('class C { static int i; }').fields[0];
+    expect(variable.isStatic, isTrue);
+  }
+
+  test_variable_type() {
+    UnlinkedVariable variable =
+        serializeVariableText('int i;', variableName: 'i');
+    checkTypeRef(variable.type, 'dart:core', 'dart:core', 'int');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify invariants of the given [linkedLibrary].
+   */
+  void validateLinkedLibrary(LinkedLibrary linkedLibrary) {
+    for (LinkedUnit unit in linkedLibrary.units) {
+      for (LinkedReference reference in unit.references) {
+        switch (reference.kind) {
+          case ReferenceKind.classOrEnum:
+          case ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor:
+          case ReferenceKind.topLevelFunction:
+          case ReferenceKind.typedef:
+            // This reference can have either a zero or a nonzero dependency,
+            // since it refers to top level element which might or might not be
+            // imported from another library.
+            break;
+          case ReferenceKind.prefix:
+            // Prefixes should have a dependency of 0, since they come from the
+            // current library.
+            expect(reference.dependency, 0,
+                reason: 'Nonzero dependency for prefix');
+            break;
+          case ReferenceKind.unresolved:
+            // Unresolved references always have a dependency of 0.
+            expect(reference.dependency, 0,
+                reason: 'Nonzero dependency for undefined');
+            break;
+          default:
+            // This reference should have a dependency of 0, since it refers to
+            // an element that is contained within some other element.
+            expect(reference.dependency, 0,
+                reason: 'Nonzero dependency for ${reference.kind}');
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that serializing the given [expr] of form `(a op= 1 + 2) + 3`
+   * uses the given [expectedAssignOperator].
+   */
+  void _assertAssignmentOperator(
+      String expr, UnlinkedExprAssignOperator expectedAssignOperator) {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+int a = 0;
+final v = $expr;
+    ''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          expectedAssignOperator
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          1,
+          2,
+          3
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  void _assertCodeRange(CodeRange codeRange, int offset, int length) {
+    expect(codeRange, isNotNull);
+    expect(codeRange.offset, offset);
+    expect(codeRange.length, length);
+  }
+
+  void _assertExecutableVisible(String code, UnlinkedExecutable f,
+      String visibleBegin, String visibleEnd) {
+    int expectedVisibleOffset = code.indexOf(visibleBegin);
+    int expectedVisibleLength =
+        code.indexOf(visibleEnd) - expectedVisibleOffset + 1;
+    expect(f.visibleOffset, expectedVisibleOffset);
+    expect(f.visibleLength, expectedVisibleLength);
+  }
+
+  void _assertParameterVisible(
+      String code, UnlinkedParam p, String visibleBegin, String visibleEnd) {
+    int expectedVisibleOffset = code.indexOf(visibleBegin);
+    int expectedVisibleLength =
+        code.indexOf(visibleEnd) - expectedVisibleOffset + 1;
+    expect(p.visibleOffset, expectedVisibleOffset);
+    expect(p.visibleLength, expectedVisibleLength);
+  }
+
+  void _assertParameterZeroVisibleRange(UnlinkedParam p) {
+    expect(p.visibleOffset, isZero);
+    expect(p.visibleLength, isZero);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that the [expr] of the form `++a + 2` is serialized with the
+   * [expectedAssignmentOperator].
+   */
+  void _assertRefPrefixPostfixIncrementDecrement(
+      String expr, UnlinkedExprAssignOperator expectedAssignmentOperator) {
+    if (skipNonConstInitializers) {
+      return;
+    }
+    UnlinkedVariable variable = serializeVariableText('''
+int a = 0;
+final v = $expr;
+''');
+    _assertUnlinkedConst(variable.initializer.bodyExpr,
+        isValidConst: false,
+        operators: [
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.assignToRef,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.pushInt,
+          UnlinkedConstOperation.add,
+        ],
+        assignmentOperators: [
+          expectedAssignmentOperator
+        ],
+        ints: [
+          2
+        ],
+        strings: [],
+        referenceValidators: [
+          (EntityRef r) => checkTypeRef(r, null, null, 'a',
+              expectedKind: ReferenceKind.topLevelPropertyAccessor)
+        ]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(scheglov) rename "Const" to "Expr" everywhere
+   */
+  void _assertUnlinkedConst(UnlinkedConst constExpr,
+      {bool isValidConst: true,
+      List<UnlinkedConstOperation> operators: const <UnlinkedConstOperation>[],
+      List<UnlinkedExprAssignOperator> assignmentOperators:
+          const <UnlinkedExprAssignOperator>[],
+      List<int> ints: const <int>[],
+      List<double> doubles: const <double>[],
+      List<String> strings: const <String>[],
+      List<_EntityRefValidator> referenceValidators:
+          const <_EntityRefValidator>[]}) {
+    expect(constExpr, isNotNull);
+    expect(constExpr.isValidConst, isValidConst);
+    expect(constExpr.operations, operators);
+    expect(constExpr.ints, ints);
+    expect(constExpr.doubles, doubles);
+    expect(constExpr.strings, strings);
+    expect(constExpr.assignmentOperators, assignmentOperators);
+    expect(constExpr.references, hasLength(referenceValidators.length));
+    for (int i = 0; i < referenceValidators.length; i++) {
+      referenceValidators[i](constExpr.references[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _assertVariableVisible(
+      String code, UnlinkedVariable v, String visibleBegin, String visibleEnd) {
+    int expectedVisibleOffset = code.indexOf(visibleBegin);
+    int expectedVisibleLength =
+        code.indexOf(visibleEnd) - expectedVisibleOffset + 1;
+    expect(v.visibleOffset, expectedVisibleOffset);
+    expect(v.visibleLength, expectedVisibleLength);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Description of expectations for a prelinked prefix reference.
+ */
+class _PrefixExpectation {
+  final ReferenceKind kind;
+  final String name;
+  final String absoluteUri;
+  final String relativeUri;
+  final int numTypeParameters;
+
+  _PrefixExpectation(this.kind, this.name,
+      {this.absoluteUri, this.relativeUri, this.numTypeParameters: 0});
+}