Embed a single sample in histogram metadata.

base/metrics/sample_vector.cc

 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
 #include "base/metrics/sample_vector.h"
 
+#include "base/lazy_instance.h"
 #include "base/logging.h"
-#include "base/metrics/bucket_ranges.h"
+#include "base/memory/ptr_util.h"
+#include "base/metrics/persistent_memory_allocator.h"
+#include "base/synchronization/lock.h"
+#include "base/threading/platform_thread.h"
+
+// This SampleVector makes use of the single-sample embedded in the base
+// HistogramSamples class. If the count is non-zero then there is guaranteed
+// (within the bounds of "eventual consistency") to be no allocated external
+// storage. Once the full counts storage is allocated, the single-sample must
+// be extracted and disabled.
 
 namespace base {
 
 typedef HistogramBase::Count Count;
 typedef HistogramBase::Sample Sample;
 
-SampleVector::SampleVector(const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
-    : SampleVector(0, bucket_ranges) {}
-
-SampleVector::SampleVector(uint64_t id, const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
-    : HistogramSamples(id),
-      local_counts_(bucket_ranges->bucket_count()),
-      counts_(&local_counts_[0]),
-      counts_size_(local_counts_.size()),
-      bucket_ranges_(bucket_ranges) {
+SampleVectorBase::SampleVectorBase(uint64_t id,
+                                   const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
+    : HistogramSamples(id), bucket_ranges_(bucket_ranges) {
   CHECK_GE(bucket_ranges_->bucket_count(), 1u);
 }
 
-SampleVector::SampleVector(uint64_t id,
-                           HistogramBase::AtomicCount* counts,
-                           size_t counts_size,
-                           Metadata* meta,
-                           const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
-    : HistogramSamples(id, meta),
-      counts_(counts),
-      counts_size_(bucket_ranges->bucket_count()),
-      bucket_ranges_(bucket_ranges) {
-  CHECK_LE(bucket_ranges_->bucket_count(), counts_size_);
+SampleVectorBase::SampleVectorBase(uint64_t id,
+                                   Metadata* meta,
+                                   const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
+    : HistogramSamples(id, meta), bucket_ranges_(bucket_ranges) {
   CHECK_GE(bucket_ranges_->bucket_count(), 1u);
 }
 
-SampleVector::~SampleVector() {}
-
-void SampleVector::Accumulate(Sample value, Count count) {
-  size_t bucket_index = GetBucketIndex(value);
-  subtle::NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(&counts_[bucket_index], count);
-  IncreaseSum(static_cast<int64_t>(count) * value);
-  IncreaseRedundantCount(count);
-}
-
-Count SampleVector::GetCount(Sample value) const {
-  size_t bucket_index = GetBucketIndex(value);
-  return subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_[bucket_index]);
-}
-
-Count SampleVector::TotalCount() const {
-  Count count = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < counts_size_; i++) {
-    count += subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_[i]);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-Count SampleVector::GetCountAtIndex(size_t bucket_index) const {
-  DCHECK(bucket_index < counts_size_);
-  return subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_[bucket_index]);
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<SampleCountIterator> SampleVector::Iterator() const {
-  return std::unique_ptr<SampleCountIterator>(
-      new SampleVectorIterator(counts_, counts_size_, bucket_ranges_));
-}
-
-bool SampleVector::AddSubtractImpl(SampleCountIterator* iter,
-                                   HistogramSamples::Operator op) {
+SampleVectorBase::~SampleVectorBase() {}
+
+void SampleVectorBase::Accumulate(Sample value, Count count) {
+  const size_t bucket_index = GetBucketIndex(value);
+
+  // Handle the single-sample case.
+  if (!counts()) {
+    // Try to accumulate the parameters into the single-count entry.
+    if (AccumulateSingleSample(value, count, bucket_index)) {
+      // A race condition could lead to a new single-sample being accumulated
+      // above just after another thread executed the MountCountsStorage below.
+      // Since it is mounted, it could be mounted elsewhere and have values
+      // written to it. It's not allowed to have both a single-sample and
+      // entries in the counts array so move the single-sample.
+      if (counts())
+        MoveSingleSampleToCounts();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Need real storage to store both what was in the single-sample plus the
+    // parameter information.
+    MountCountsStorageAndMoveSingleSample();
+  }
+
+  // Handle the multi-sample case.
+  subtle::NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(&counts()[bucket_index], count);
+  IncreaseSumAndCount(static_cast<int64_t>(count) * value, count);
+}
+
+Count SampleVectorBase::GetCount(Sample value) const {
+  return GetCountAtIndex(GetBucketIndex(value));
+}
+
+Count SampleVectorBase::TotalCount() const {
+  // Handle the single-sample case.
+  SingleSample sample = single_sample().Load();
+  if (sample.count != 0)
+    return sample.count;
+
+  // Handle the multi-sample case.
+  if (counts() || MountExistingCountsStorage()) {
+    Count count = 0;
+    const HistogramBase::AtomicCount* counts_array = counts();
+    for (size_t i = counts_size(); i > 0; --i, ++counts_array) {

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: Did you switch the loop structure just so we only call counts_size() once?
If so, I suggest keeping the old structure and just assigning it to a local
variable.

This way, it's still a simple normal for loop and the reader isn't wondering if
there's a reason we're iterating backwards here (and we don't need to increment
both the ptr and i).

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

Done.

+      count += subtle::NoBarrier_Load(counts_array);
+    }
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  // And the no-value case.
+  return 0;
+}
+
+Count SampleVectorBase::GetCountAtIndex(size_t bucket_index) const {
+  DCHECK(bucket_index < counts_size());
+
+  // Handle the single-sample case.
+  SingleSample sample = single_sample().Load();
+  if (sample.count != 0)
+    return sample.bucket == bucket_index ? sample.count : 0;
+
+  // Handle the multi-sample case.
+  if (counts() || MountExistingCountsStorage())
+    return subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts()[bucket_index]);
+
+  // And the no-value case.
+  return 0;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SampleCountIterator> SampleVectorBase::Iterator() const {
+  // Handle the single-sample case.
+  SingleSample sample = single_sample().Load();
+  if (sample.count != 0) {
+    return MakeUnique<SingleSampleIterator>(
+        bucket_ranges_->range(sample.bucket),
+        bucket_ranges_->range(sample.bucket + 1), sample.count, sample.bucket);
+  }
+
+  // Handle the multi-sample case.
+  if (counts() || MountExistingCountsStorage()) {
+    return MakeUnique<SampleVectorIterator>(counts(), counts_size(),
+                                            bucket_ranges_);
+  }
+
+  // And the no-value case.
+  return MakeUnique<SampleVectorIterator>(nullptr, 0, bucket_ranges_);
+}
+
+bool SampleVectorBase::AddSubtractImpl(SampleCountIterator* iter,
+                                       HistogramSamples::Operator op) {
   HistogramBase::Sample min;
   HistogramBase::Sample max;
   HistogramBase::Count count;

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: Move these closer to where they're used - ie. above the first Get() call

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

Done.

+  size_t index_offset = 0;  // So compiler doesn't see maybe-unitialized.
+  size_t iter_index;

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: This one and index_offset can be declared right above the
iter->GetBucketIndex() call.

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

Done.

+  size_t dest_index;
+
+  // Stop now if there's nothing to do.
+  if (iter->Done())
+    return true;
+
+  // Get the first value and its index.
+  iter->Get(&min, &max, &count);
+  dest_index = GetBucketIndex(min);

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: This can be declared on this line rather than above.

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

Done.

+
+  // The destination must be a superset of the source meaning that though the
+  // incoming ranges will find an exact match, the incoming bucket-index, if
+  // it exists, may be offset from the destination bucket-index. Calculate
+  // that offset of the passed iterator; there are are no overflow checks
+  // because 2's compliment math will work it out in the end.
+  //
+  // Because GetBucketIndex() always returns the same true or false result for
+  // a given iterator object, index_offset is either set here and used below,

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: |index_offset|

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:32]

Done.

+  // or never set and never used. The compiler doesn't know this, though, which
+  // is why it's necessary to initialize it to zero above.
+  if (iter->GetBucketIndex(&iter_index))
+    index_offset = dest_index - iter_index;

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

So this logic only works if it's the same number of buckets. Can we add some
checking about that?

I know you check min/max later in the loop... but maybe we should DCHECK()
earlier on bucket counts?

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

It'll work with different numbers of buckets so long as the destination is a
superset of the source.  There's an existing test just for that.

+  if (dest_index >= counts_size())
+    return false;
+
+  // Post-increment. Information about the current sample is not available
+  // after this point.
+  iter->Next();
+
+  // Single-value storage is possible if there is no counts storage and the
+  // retrieved entry is the only one in the iterator.
+  if (!counts()) {
+    if (iter->Done()) {
+      // Don't call AccumulateSingleSample because that updates sum and count
+      // which was already done by the caller of this method.
+      if (single_sample().Accumulate(
+              dest_index, op == HistogramSamples::ADD ? count : -count)) {
+        // Handle race-condition that mounted counts storage between above and
+        // here.
+        if (counts())
+          MoveSingleSampleToCounts();
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The counts storage will be needed to hold the multiple incoming values.
+    MountCountsStorageAndMoveSingleSample();
+  }
 
   // Go through the iterator and add the counts into correct bucket.
-  size_t index = 0;
-  while (index < counts_size_ && !iter->Done()) {
+  while (true) {
+    // Ensure that the sample's min/max match the ranges min/max.
+    if (min != bucket_ranges_->range(dest_index) ||
+        max != bucket_ranges_->range(dest_index + 1)) {
+      NOTREACHED() << "sample=" << min << "," << max
+                   << "; range=" << bucket_ranges_->range(dest_index) << ","
+                   << bucket_ranges_->range(dest_index + 1);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Sample's bucket matches exactly. Adjust count.
+    subtle::NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(
+        &counts()[dest_index], op == HistogramSamples::ADD ? count : -count);
+
+    // Advance to the next iterable sample. See comments above for how
+    // everything works.
+    if (iter->Done())
+      return true;
     iter->Get(&min, &max, &count);
-    if (min == bucket_ranges_->range(index) &&
-        max == bucket_ranges_->range(index + 1)) {
-      // Sample matches this bucket!
-      subtle::NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(
-          &counts_[index], op == HistogramSamples::ADD ? count : -count);
-      iter->Next();
-    } else if (min > bucket_ranges_->range(index)) {
-      // Sample is larger than current bucket range. Try next.
-      index++;
+    if (iter->GetBucketIndex(&iter_index)) {
+      // Destination bucket is a known offset from the source bucket.
+      dest_index = iter_index + index_offset;
     } else {
-      // Sample is smaller than current bucket range. We scan buckets from
-      // smallest to largest, so the sample value must be invalid.
+      // Destination bucket has to be determined anew each time.
+      dest_index = GetBucketIndex(min);
+    }
+    if (dest_index >= counts_size())
       return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return iter->Done();
+    iter->Next();
+  }
 }
 
 // Use simple binary search.  This is very general, but there are better
 // approaches if we knew that the buckets were linearly distributed.
-size_t SampleVector::GetBucketIndex(Sample value) const {
+size_t SampleVectorBase::GetBucketIndex(Sample value) const {
   size_t bucket_count = bucket_ranges_->bucket_count();
   CHECK_GE(bucket_count, 1u);
   CHECK_GE(value, bucket_ranges_->range(0));
   CHECK_LT(value, bucket_ranges_->range(bucket_count));
 
   size_t under = 0;
   size_t over = bucket_count;
   size_t mid;
   do {
     DCHECK_GE(over, under);
     mid = under + (over - under)/2;
     if (mid == under)
       break;
     if (bucket_ranges_->range(mid) <= value)
       under = mid;
     else
       over = mid;
   } while (true);
 
   DCHECK_LE(bucket_ranges_->range(mid), value);
   CHECK_GT(bucket_ranges_->range(mid + 1), value);
   return mid;
 }
 
+void SampleVectorBase::MoveSingleSampleToCounts() {
+  DCHECK(counts());
+
+  // Disable the single-sample since there is now counts storage for the data.
+  SingleSample sample = single_sample().Extract(/*disable=*/true);
+
+  // Stop here if there is no "count" as trying to find the bucket index of
+  // an invalid (including zero) "value" will crash.
+  if (sample.count == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // Move the value into storage. Sum and redundant-count already account
+  // for this entry so no need to call IncreaseSumAndCount().
+  subtle::NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(&counts()[sample.bucket], sample.count);
+}
+
+void SampleVectorBase::MountCountsStorageAndMoveSingleSample() {
+  // There are many SampleVector objects and the lock is needed very
+  // infrequently (just when advancing from single-sample to multi-sample) so
+  // define a single, global lock that all can use. This lock only prevents
+  // concurrent entry into the code below; access and updates to |counts_|
+  // still requires atomic operations.
+  static LazyInstance<Lock>::Leaky counts_lock = LAZY_INSTANCE_INITIALIZER;
+  if (subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_) == 0) {
+    AutoLock lock(counts_lock.Get());
+    if (subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_) == 0) {
+      // Create the actual counts storage while the above lock is acquired.
+      HistogramBase::Count* counts = CreateCountsStorageWhileLocked();
+      DCHECK(counts);
+
+      // Point |counts_| to the newly created storage. This is done while
+      // locked to prevent possible concurrent calls to CreateCountsStorage
+      // but, between that call and here, other threads could notice the
+      // existance of the storage and race with this to set_counts(). That's
+      // okay because (a) it's atomic and (b) it always writes the same value.
+      set_counts(counts);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Move any single-sample into the newly mounted storage.
+  MoveSingleSampleToCounts();
+}
+
+SampleVector::SampleVector(const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
+    : SampleVector(0, bucket_ranges) {}
+
+SampleVector::SampleVector(uint64_t id, const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
+    : SampleVectorBase(id, bucket_ranges) {}
+
+SampleVector::~SampleVector() {}
+
+bool SampleVector::MountExistingCountsStorage() const {
+  // There is never any existing storage other than what is already in use.
+  return counts() != nullptr;
+}
+
+HistogramBase::AtomicCount* SampleVector::CreateCountsStorageWhileLocked() {
+  local_counts_.resize(counts_size());
+  return &local_counts_[0];
+}
+
+PersistentSampleVector::PersistentSampleVector(
+    uint64_t id,
+    const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges,
+    Metadata* meta,
+    const DelayedPersistentAllocation& counts)
+    : SampleVectorBase(id, meta, bucket_ranges), persistent_counts_(counts) {
+  // Only mount the full storage if the single-sample has been disabled.
+  // Otherwise, it is possible for this object instance to start using (empty)
+  // storage that was created incidentally (because it shares a memory segment
+  // with another block) while another instance continues to update to the

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

I don't understand the "because it shares a memory segment with another block"
logic.

Do you mean when this object is created over an existing mmaped file where the
data was created by another run? If so, I would make that more explicit in the
comment.

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:32]

Something else.  Comment updated.

+  // single sample.
+  if (single_sample().IsDisabled()) {
+    bool success = MountExistingCountsStorage();
+    DCHECK(success);
+  }
+}
+
+PersistentSampleVector::~PersistentSampleVector() {}
+
+bool PersistentSampleVector::MountExistingCountsStorage() const {
+  // There is no check that counts is not yet mounted because, given that this

[Alexei Svitkine (slow), 2017/04/20 22:11:34]

Nit: Make it a DCHECK just in case.

[bcwhite, 2017/04/21 13:25:31]

It's allowed to be called when it is already mounted; race conditions could
cause it.  There's just no early-exit for that case.

Comment updated.

+  // is a virtual function, it's more efficient to do that at the call-site.
+  // There is no danger, however, because at worst the counts value would be
+  // overwritten (in an atomic manner) with the exact same address.
+
+  if (!persistent_counts_.reference())
+    return false;  // Nothing to mount.
+
+  // Mount the counts array in position.
+  set_counts(
+      static_cast<HistogramBase::AtomicCount*>(persistent_counts_.Get()));
+  return true;
+}
+
+HistogramBase::AtomicCount*
+PersistentSampleVector::CreateCountsStorageWhileLocked() {
+  void* mem = persistent_counts_.Get();
+  if (!mem) {
+    // The above shouldn't fail but can if Bad Things(tm) are occurring in the
+    // persistent allocator. Crashing isn't a good option so instead just
+    // allocate something from the heap and return that. There will be no
+    // sharing or persistence but worse things are already happening.
+    return new HistogramBase::AtomicCount[counts_size()];
+  }
+
+  return static_cast<HistogramBase::AtomicCount*>(mem);
+}
+
 SampleVectorIterator::SampleVectorIterator(
     const std::vector<HistogramBase::AtomicCount>* counts,
     const BucketRanges* bucket_ranges)
     : counts_(&(*counts)[0]),
       counts_size_(counts->size()),
       bucket_ranges_(bucket_ranges),
       index_(0) {
   CHECK_GE(bucket_ranges_->bucket_count(), counts_size_);
   SkipEmptyBuckets();
 }
@@ skipping 46 matching lines @@
     return;
 
   while (index_ < counts_size_) {
     if (subtle::NoBarrier_Load(&counts_[index_]) != 0)
       return;
     index_++;
   }
 }
 
 }  // namespace base