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| -# Audio Focus Handling
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| -
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| -A MediaSession collects all audio-producing objects in one tab. It is usually
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| -unpleasant when multiple MediaSessions play sound at the same time. Audio focus
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| -handling manages the MediaSessions and mixes them in proper ways. This is part
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| -of the default media session on desktop project.
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| -
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| -[TOC]
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| -
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| -## Processing model
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| -
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| -### Audio focus types
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| -
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| -There are "persistent" and "transient" audio focus types.
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| -
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| -* Persistent audios are used for long media playback, and they should not mix
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| - with each other. When they start to play, they should pause all other
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| - playbacks.
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| -* Transient audios are used for short media playback such as a ping for incoming
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| - message. When they start to play, they should play on top of other playbacks
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| - and the other playbacks should duck (have reduced volume).
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| -
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| -### `MediaSession`
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| -
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| -Audio-producing objects should join `MediaSession` when they want to produce
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| -sound. `MediaSession` has the following states:
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| -
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| -* ACTIVE: the `MediaSession` has audio focus and its audio-producing objects can
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| - play.
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| -* SUSPENDED: the MediaSession does not have audio focus. All audio-producing
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| - objects are paused and can be resumed when the session gains audio focus.
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| -* INACTIVE: the MediaSession does not have audio focus, and there is no
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| - audio-producing objects in this `MediaSession`.
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| -
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| -Besides, `MediaSession` has a `DUCKING` flag, which means its managed
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| -audio-producing objects has lowered volume. The flag is orthogonal with
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| -`MediaSession` state.
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| -
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| -### `AudioFocusManager`
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| -
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| -`AudioFocusManager` is a global instance which manages the state of
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| -`MediaSession`s. It is used for platforms (e.g. Android) that do not have a
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| -system audio focus.
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| -
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| -When an audio-producing object wants to play audio, it should join `MediaSession`
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| -and tell which kind of audio focus type it requires. `MediaSession` will then
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| -request audio focus from `AudioFocusManager`, and will allow the object to play
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| -sound if successful. `AudioFocusManager` will notify other `MediaSession`s if
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| -their states are changed.
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| -
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| -When an audio-producing object stops playing audio, it should be removed from
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| -its `MediaSession`, and `MediaSession` should abandon its audio focus if its
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| -audio-producing objects is empty. `AudioFocusManager` will notify other
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| -`MediaSession`s of state change if necessary.
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| -
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| -## The algorithm for handling audio focus
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| -
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| -`AudioFocusManager` uses a stack implementation. It keeps track of all
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| -ACTIVE/SUSPENDED `MediaSession`s. When a `MediaSession` requests audio focus, it
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| -will be put at the top of the stack, and will be removed from the stack when it
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| -abandons audio focus.
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| -
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| -The algorithm is as follows:
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| -
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| -* When a `MediaSession` requests audio focus:
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| -
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| - * Remove it from the audio focus stack if it's already there, and place it at
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| - the top of audio focus stack, grant focus to the session and let it play.
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| - * If the session is persistent, suspend all the other sessions on the stack.
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| - * If the session is transient, we should duck any active persistent audio
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| - focus entry if present:
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| -
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| - * If the next top entry is transient, do nothing, since if there is any
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| - persistent session that is active, it is already ducking.
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| - * If the next top entry is persistent, let the next top entry start ducking,
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| - since it is the only active persistent session.
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| -
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| -* When a `MediaSession` abandons audio focus:
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| -
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| - * If the session is not on the top, just remove it from the stack.
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| - * If the session is on the top, remove it from the stack.
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| -
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| - * If the stack becomes empty, do nothing.
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| - * If the next top session is transient, do nothing.
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| - * If the next top session is persistent, stop ducking it.
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| -
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| -### Handling Pepper
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| -
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| -Pepper is different from media elements since it has a different model. Pepper
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| -cannot be paused, but its volume can be changed. When considering Pepper, the
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| -above algorithm must be modified.
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| -
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| -When Pepper joins `MediaSession`, it should request persistent focus type. When
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| -AudioFocusManager wants to suspend a `MediaSession`, it must check whether the
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| -session has Pepper instance, and if yes, it should duck the session instead.
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| -
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| -Also, whenever a session abandons focus, and the next top session is INACTIVE,
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| -`AudioFocusManager` should find the next session having Pepper and unduck it.
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