[sql] Import reference version of SQLite 3.17..

third_party/sqlite/sqlite-src-3170000/tool/showdb.c

+/*
+** A utility for printing all or part of an SQLite database file.
+*/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#define ISDIGIT(X) isdigit((unsigned char)(X))
+#define ISPRINT(X) isprint((unsigned char)(X))
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#else
+#include <io.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+
+static struct GlobalData {
+  int pagesize;                   /* Size of a database page */
+  int dbfd;                       /* File descriptor for reading the DB */
+  int mxPage;                     /* Last page number */
+  int perLine;                    /* HEX elements to print per line */
+  int bRaw;                       /* True to access db file via OS APIs */
+  sqlite3_file *pFd;              /* File descriptor for non-raw mode */
+  sqlite3 *pDb;                   /* Database handle that owns pFd */
+} g = {1024, -1, 0, 16,   0, 0, 0};
+
+
+typedef long long int i64;      /* Datatype for 64-bit integers */
+
+
+/*
+** Convert the var-int format into i64.  Return the number of bytes
+** in the var-int.  Write the var-int value into *pVal.
+*/
+static int decodeVarint(const unsigned char *z, i64 *pVal){
+  i64 v = 0;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<8; i++){
+    v = (v<<7) + (z[i]&0x7f);
+    if( (z[i]&0x80)==0 ){ *pVal = v; return i+1; }
+  }
+  v = (v<<8) + (z[i]&0xff);
+  *pVal = v;
+  return 9;
+}
+
+/*
+** Extract a big-endian 32-bit integer
+*/
+static unsigned int decodeInt32(const unsigned char *z){
+  return (z[0]<<24) + (z[1]<<16) + (z[2]<<8) + z[3];
+}
+
+/* Report an out-of-memory error and die.
+*/
+static void out_of_memory(void){
+  fprintf(stderr,"Out of memory...\n");
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+/*
+** Open a database connection.
+*/
+static sqlite3 *openDatabase(const char *zPrg, const char *zName){
+  sqlite3 *db = 0;
+  int flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
+  int rc = sqlite3_open_v2(zName, &db, flags, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    const char *zErr = sqlite3_errmsg(db);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open %s (%s)\n", zPrg, zName, zErr);
+    sqlite3_close(db);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return db;
+}
+
+/**************************************************************************
+** Beginning of low-level file access functions.
+**
+** All low-level access to the database file read by this program is
+** performed using the following four functions:
+**
+**   fileOpen()     - open the db file
+**   fileClose()    - close the db file
+**   fileRead()     - read raw data from the db file
+**   fileGetsize()  - return the size of the db file in bytes
+*/
+
+/*
+** Open the database file.
+*/
+static void fileOpen(const char *zPrg, const char *zName){
+  assert( g.dbfd<0 );
+  if( g.bRaw==0 ){
+    int rc;
+    void *pArg = (void *)(&g.pFd);
+    g.pDb = openDatabase(zPrg, zName);
+    rc = sqlite3_file_control(g.pDb, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER, pArg);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr, 
+          "%s: failed to obtain fd for %s (SQLite too old?)\n", zPrg, zName
+      );
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    g.dbfd = open(zName, O_RDONLY);
+    if( g.dbfd<0 ){
+      fprintf(stderr,"%s: can't open %s\n", zPrg, zName);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Close the database file opened by fileOpen()
+*/
+static void fileClose(){
+  if( g.bRaw==0 ){
+    sqlite3_close(g.pDb);
+    g.pDb = 0;
+    g.pFd = 0;
+  }else{
+    close(g.dbfd);
+    g.dbfd = -1;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Read content from the file.
+**
+** Space to hold the content is obtained from sqlite3_malloc() and needs 
+** to be freed by the caller.
+*/
+static unsigned char *fileRead(sqlite3_int64 ofst, int nByte){
+  unsigned char *aData;
+  int got;
+  aData = sqlite3_malloc(nByte+32);
+  if( aData==0 ) out_of_memory();
+  memset(aData, 0, nByte+32);
+  if( g.bRaw==0 ){
+    int rc = g.pFd->pMethods->xRead(g.pFd, (void*)aData, nByte, ofst);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "error in xRead() - %d\n", rc);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    lseek(g.dbfd, (long)ofst, SEEK_SET);
+    got = read(g.dbfd, aData, nByte);
+    if( got>0 && got<nByte ) memset(aData+got, 0, nByte-got);
+  }
+  return aData;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the size of the file in byte.
+*/
+static sqlite3_int64 fileGetsize(void){
+  sqlite3_int64 res = 0;
+  if( g.bRaw==0 ){
+    int rc = g.pFd->pMethods->xFileSize(g.pFd, &res);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      fprintf(stderr, "error in xFileSize() - %d\n", rc);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    struct stat sbuf;
+    fstat(g.dbfd, &sbuf);
+    res = (sqlite3_int64)(sbuf.st_size);
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+** End of low-level file access functions.
+**************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+** Print a range of bytes as hex and as ascii.
+*/
+static unsigned char *print_byte_range(
+  int ofst,          /* First byte in the range of bytes to print */
+  int nByte,         /* Number of bytes to print */
+  int printOfst      /* Add this amount to the index on the left column */
+){
+  unsigned char *aData;
+  int i, j;
+  const char *zOfstFmt;
+
+  if( ((printOfst+nByte)&~0xfff)==0 ){
+    zOfstFmt = " %03x: ";
+  }else if( ((printOfst+nByte)&~0xffff)==0 ){
+    zOfstFmt = " %04x: ";
+  }else if( ((printOfst+nByte)&~0xfffff)==0 ){
+    zOfstFmt = " %05x: ";
+  }else if( ((printOfst+nByte)&~0xffffff)==0 ){
+    zOfstFmt = " %06x: ";
+  }else{
+    zOfstFmt = " %08x: ";
+  }
+
+  aData = fileRead(ofst, nByte);
+  for(i=0; i<nByte; i += g.perLine){
+    fprintf(stdout, zOfstFmt, i+printOfst);
+    for(j=0; j<g.perLine; j++){
+      if( i+j>nByte ){
+        fprintf(stdout, "   ");
+      }else{
+        fprintf(stdout,"%02x ", aData[i+j]);
+      }
+    }
+    for(j=0; j<g.perLine; j++){
+      if( i+j>nByte ){
+        fprintf(stdout, " ");
+      }else{
+        fprintf(stdout,"%c", ISPRINT(aData[i+j]) ? aData[i+j] : '.');
+      }
+    }
+    fprintf(stdout,"\n");
+  }
+  return aData;
+}
+
+/*
+** Print an entire page of content as hex
+*/
+static void print_page(int iPg){
+  int iStart;
+  unsigned char *aData;
+  iStart = (iPg-1)*g.pagesize;
+  fprintf(stdout, "Page %d:   (offsets 0x%x..0x%x)\n",
+          iPg, iStart, iStart+g.pagesize-1);
+  aData = print_byte_range(iStart, g.pagesize, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(aData);
+}
+
+
+/* Print a line of decode output showing a 4-byte integer.
+*/
+static void print_decode_line(
+  unsigned char *aData,      /* Content being decoded */
+  int ofst, int nByte,       /* Start and size of decode */
+  const char *zMsg           /* Message to append */
+){
+  int i, j;
+  int val = aData[ofst];
+  char zBuf[100];
+  sprintf(zBuf, " %03x: %02x", ofst, aData[ofst]);
+  i = (int)strlen(zBuf);
+  for(j=1; j<4; j++){
+    if( j>=nByte ){
+      sprintf(&zBuf[i], "   ");
+    }else{
+      sprintf(&zBuf[i], " %02x", aData[ofst+j]);
+      val = val*256 + aData[ofst+j];
+    }
+    i += (int)strlen(&zBuf[i]);
+  }
+  sprintf(&zBuf[i], "   %9d", val);
+  printf("%s  %s\n", zBuf, zMsg);
+}
+
+/*
+** Decode the database header.
+*/
+static void print_db_header(void){
+  unsigned char *aData;
+  aData = print_byte_range(0, 100, 0);
+  printf("Decoded:\n");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 16, 2, "Database page size");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 18, 1, "File format write version");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 19, 1, "File format read version");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 20, 1, "Reserved space at end of page");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 24, 4, "File change counter");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 28, 4, "Size of database in pages");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 32, 4, "Page number of first freelist page");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 36, 4, "Number of freelist pages");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 40, 4, "Schema cookie");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 44, 4, "Schema format version");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 48, 4, "Default page cache size");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 52, 4, "Largest auto-vac root page");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 56, 4, "Text encoding");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 60, 4, "User version");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 64, 4, "Incremental-vacuum mode");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 68, 4, "Application ID");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 72, 4, "meta[8]");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 76, 4, "meta[9]");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 80, 4, "meta[10]");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 84, 4, "meta[11]");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 88, 4, "meta[12]");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 92, 4, "Change counter for version number");
+  print_decode_line(aData, 96, 4, "SQLite version number");
+}
+
+/*
+** Describe cell content.
+*/
+static i64 describeContent(
+  unsigned char *a,       /* Cell content */
+  i64 nLocal,             /* Bytes in a[] */
+  char *zDesc             /* Write description here */
+){
+  i64 nDesc = 0;
+  int n, j;
+  i64 i, x, v;
+  const unsigned char *pData;
+  const unsigned char *pLimit;
+  char sep = ' ';
+
+  pLimit = &a[nLocal];
+  n = decodeVarint(a, &x);
+  pData = &a[x];
+  a += n;
+  i = x - n;
+  while( i>0 && pData<=pLimit ){
+    n = decodeVarint(a, &x);
+    a += n;
+    i -= n;
+    nLocal -= n;
+    zDesc[0] = sep;
+    sep = ',';
+    nDesc++;
+    zDesc++;
+    if( x==0 ){
+      sprintf(zDesc, "*");     /* NULL is a "*" */
+    }else if( x>=1 && x<=6 ){
+      v = (signed char)pData[0];
+      pData++;
+      switch( x ){
+        case 6:  v = (v<<16) + (pData[0]<<8) + pData[1];  pData += 2;
+        case 5:  v = (v<<16) + (pData[0]<<8) + pData[1];  pData += 2;
+        case 4:  v = (v<<8) + pData[0];  pData++;
+        case 3:  v = (v<<8) + pData[0];  pData++;
+        case 2:  v = (v<<8) + pData[0];  pData++;
+      }
+      sprintf(zDesc, "%lld", v);
+    }else if( x==7 ){
+      sprintf(zDesc, "real");
+      pData += 8;
+    }else if( x==8 ){
+      sprintf(zDesc, "0");
+    }else if( x==9 ){
+      sprintf(zDesc, "1");
+    }else if( x>=12 ){
+      i64 size = (x-12)/2;
+      if( (x&1)==0 ){
+        sprintf(zDesc, "blob(%lld)", size);
+      }else{
+        sprintf(zDesc, "txt(%lld)", size);
+      }
+      pData += size;
+    }
+    j = (int)strlen(zDesc);
+    zDesc += j;
+    nDesc += j;
+  }
+  return nDesc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Compute the local payload size given the total payload size and
+** the page size.
+*/
+static i64 localPayload(i64 nPayload, char cType){
+  i64 maxLocal;
+  i64 minLocal;
+  i64 surplus;
+  i64 nLocal;
+  if( cType==13 ){
+    /* Table leaf */
+    maxLocal = g.pagesize-35;
+    minLocal = (g.pagesize-12)*32/255-23;
+  }else{
+    maxLocal = (g.pagesize-12)*64/255-23;
+    minLocal = (g.pagesize-12)*32/255-23;
+  }
+  if( nPayload>maxLocal ){
+    surplus = minLocal + (nPayload-minLocal)%(g.pagesize-4);
+    if( surplus<=maxLocal ){
+      nLocal = surplus;
+    }else{
+      nLocal = minLocal;
+    }
+  }else{
+    nLocal = nPayload;
+  }
+  return nLocal;
+}
+  
+
+/*
+** Create a description for a single cell.
+**
+** The return value is the local cell size.
+*/
+static i64 describeCell(
+  unsigned char cType,    /* Page type */
+  unsigned char *a,       /* Cell content */
+  int showCellContent,    /* Show cell content if true */
+  char **pzDesc           /* Store description here */
+){
+  int i;
+  i64 nDesc = 0;
+  int n = 0;
+  int leftChild;
+  i64 nPayload;
+  i64 rowid;
+  i64 nLocal;
+  static char zDesc[1000];
+  i = 0;
+  if( cType<=5 ){
+    leftChild = ((a[0]*256 + a[1])*256 + a[2])*256 + a[3];
+    a += 4;
+    n += 4;
+    sprintf(zDesc, "lx: %d ", leftChild);
+    nDesc = strlen(zDesc);
+  }
+  if( cType!=5 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(a, &nPayload);
+    a += i;
+    n += i;
+    sprintf(&zDesc[nDesc], "n: %lld ", nPayload);
+    nDesc += strlen(&zDesc[nDesc]);
+    nLocal = localPayload(nPayload, cType);
+  }else{
+    nPayload = nLocal = 0;
+  }
+  if( cType==5 || cType==13 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(a, &rowid);
+    a += i;
+    n += i;
+    sprintf(&zDesc[nDesc], "r: %lld ", rowid);
+    nDesc += strlen(&zDesc[nDesc]);
+  }
+  if( nLocal<nPayload ){
+    int ovfl;
+    unsigned char *b = &a[nLocal];
+    ovfl = ((b[0]*256 + b[1])*256 + b[2])*256 + b[3];
+    sprintf(&zDesc[nDesc], "ov: %d ", ovfl);
+    nDesc += strlen(&zDesc[nDesc]);
+    n += 4;
+  }
+  if( showCellContent && cType!=5 ){
+    nDesc += describeContent(a, nLocal, &zDesc[nDesc-1]);
+  }
+  *pzDesc = zDesc;
+  return nLocal+n;
+}
+
+/* Print an offset followed by nByte bytes.  Add extra white-space
+** at the end so that subsequent text is aligned.
+*/
+static void printBytes(
+  unsigned char *aData,      /* Content being decoded */
+  unsigned char *aStart,     /* Start of content to be printed */
+  int nByte                  /* Number of bytes to print */
+){
+  int j;
+  printf(" %03x: ", (int)(aStart-aData));
+  for(j=0; j<9; j++){
+    if( j>=nByte ){
+      printf("   ");
+    }else{
+      printf("%02x ", aStart[j]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Write a full decode on stdout for the cell at a[ofst].
+** Assume the page contains a header of size szPgHdr bytes.
+*/
+static void decodeCell(
+  unsigned char *a,       /* Page content (without the page-1 header) */
+  unsigned pgno,          /* Page number */
+  int iCell,              /* Cell index */
+  int szPgHdr,            /* Size of the page header.  0 or 100 */
+  int ofst                /* Cell begins at a[ofst] */
+){
+  int i, j = 0;
+  int leftChild;
+  i64 k;
+  i64 nPayload;
+  i64 rowid;
+  i64 nHdr;
+  i64 iType;
+  i64 nLocal;
+  unsigned char *x = a + ofst;
+  unsigned char *end;
+  unsigned char cType = a[0];
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int szCol[2000];
+  int ofstCol[2000];
+  int typeCol[2000];
+
+  printf("Cell[%d]:\n", iCell);
+  if( cType<=5 ){
+    leftChild = ((x[0]*256 + x[1])*256 + x[2])*256 + x[3];
+    printBytes(a, x, 4);
+    printf("left child page:: %d\n", leftChild);
+    x += 4;
+  }
+  if( cType!=5 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(x, &nPayload);
+    printBytes(a, x, i);
+    nLocal = localPayload(nPayload, cType);
+    if( nLocal==nPayload ){
+      printf("payload-size: %lld\n", nPayload);
+    }else{
+      printf("payload-size: %lld (%lld local, %lld overflow)\n",
+             nPayload, nLocal, nPayload-nLocal);
+    }
+    x += i;
+  }else{
+    nPayload = nLocal = 0;
+  }
+  end = x + nLocal;
+  if( cType==5 || cType==13 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(x, &rowid);
+    printBytes(a, x, i);
+    printf("rowid: %lld\n", rowid);
+    x += i;
+  }
+  if( nLocal>0 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(x, &nHdr);
+    printBytes(a, x, i);
+    printf("record-header-size: %d\n", (int)nHdr);
+    j = i;
+    nCol = 0;
+    k = nHdr;
+    while( x+j<end && j<nHdr ){
+       const char *zTypeName;
+       int sz = 0;
+       char zNm[30];
+       i = decodeVarint(x+j, &iType);
+       printBytes(a, x+j, i);
+       printf("typecode[%d]: %d - ", nCol, (int)iType);
+       switch( iType ){
+         case 0:  zTypeName = "NULL";    sz = 0;  break;
+         case 1:  zTypeName = "int8";    sz = 1;  break;
+         case 2:  zTypeName = "int16";   sz = 2;  break;
+         case 3:  zTypeName = "int24";   sz = 3;  break;
+         case 4:  zTypeName = "int32";   sz = 4;  break;
+         case 5:  zTypeName = "int48";   sz = 6;  break;
+         case 6:  zTypeName = "int64";   sz = 8;  break;
+         case 7:  zTypeName = "double";  sz = 8;  break;
+         case 8:  zTypeName = "zero";    sz = 0;  break;
+         case 9:  zTypeName = "one";     sz = 0;  break;
+         case 10:
+         case 11: zTypeName = "error";   sz = 0;  break;
+         default: {
+           sz = (int)(iType-12)/2;
+           sprintf(zNm, (iType&1)==0 ? "blob(%d)" : "text(%d)", sz);
+           zTypeName = zNm;
+           break;
+         }
+       }
+       printf("%s\n", zTypeName);
+       szCol[nCol] = sz;
+       ofstCol[nCol] = (int)k;
+       typeCol[nCol] = (int)iType;
+       k += sz;
+       nCol++;
+       j += i;
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<nCol && ofstCol[i]+szCol[i]<=nLocal; i++){
+       int s = ofstCol[i];
+       i64 v;
+       const unsigned char *pData;
+       if( szCol[i]==0 ) continue;
+       printBytes(a, x+s, szCol[i]);
+       printf("data[%d]: ", i);
+       pData = x+s;
+       if( typeCol[i]<=7 ){
+         v = (signed char)pData[0];
+         for(k=1; k<szCol[i]; k++){
+           v = (v<<8) + pData[k];
+         }
+         if( typeCol[i]==7 ){
+           double r;
+           memcpy(&r, &v, sizeof(r));
+           printf("%#g\n", r);
+         }else{
+           printf("%lld\n", v);
+         }
+       }else{
+         int ii, jj;
+         char zConst[32];
+         if( (typeCol[i]&1)==0 ){
+           zConst[0] = 'x';
+           zConst[1] = '\'';
+           for(ii=2, jj=0; jj<szCol[i] && ii<24; jj++, ii+=2){
+             sprintf(zConst+ii, "%02x", pData[jj]);
+           }
+         }else{
+           zConst[0] = '\'';
+           for(ii=1, jj=0; jj<szCol[i] && ii<24; jj++, ii++){
+             zConst[ii] = ISPRINT(pData[jj]) ? pData[jj] : '.';
+           }
+           zConst[ii] = 0;
+         }
+         if( jj<szCol[i] ){
+           memcpy(zConst+ii, "...'", 5);
+         }else{
+           memcpy(zConst+ii, "'", 2);
+         }
+         printf("%s\n", zConst);
+       }
+       j = ofstCol[i] + szCol[i];
+    }
+  }
+  if( j<nLocal ){
+    printBytes(a, x+j, 0);
+    printf("... %lld bytes of content ...\n", nLocal-j);
+  }
+  if( nLocal<nPayload ){
+    printBytes(a, x+nLocal, 4);
+    printf("overflow-page: %d\n", decodeInt32(x+nLocal));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Decode a btree page
+*/
+static void decode_btree_page(
+  unsigned char *a,   /* Page content */
+  int pgno,           /* Page number */
+  int hdrSize,        /* Size of the page header.  0 or 100 */
+  char *zArgs         /* Flags to control formatting */
+){
+  const char *zType = "unknown";
+  int nCell;
+  int i, j;
+  int iCellPtr;
+  int showCellContent = 0;
+  int showMap = 0;
+  int cellToDecode = -2;
+  char *zMap = 0;
+  switch( a[0] ){
+    case 2:  zType = "index interior node";  break;
+    case 5:  zType = "table interior node";  break;
+    case 10: zType = "index leaf";           break;
+    case 13: zType = "table leaf";           break;
+  }
+  while( zArgs[0] ){
+    switch( zArgs[0] ){
+      case 'c': showCellContent = 1;  break;
+      case 'm': showMap = 1;          break;
+      case 'd': {
+        if( !ISDIGIT(zArgs[1]) ){
+          cellToDecode = -1;
+        }else{
+          cellToDecode = 0;
+          while( ISDIGIT(zArgs[1]) ){
+            zArgs++;
+            cellToDecode = cellToDecode*10 + zArgs[0] - '0';
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    zArgs++;
+  }
+  nCell = a[3]*256 + a[4];
+  iCellPtr = (a[0]==2 || a[0]==5) ? 12 : 8;
+  if( cellToDecode>=nCell ){
+    printf("Page %d has only %d cells\n", pgno, nCell);
+    return;
+  }
+  printf("Header on btree page %d:\n", pgno);
+  print_decode_line(a, 0, 1, zType);
+  print_decode_line(a, 1, 2, "Offset to first freeblock");
+  print_decode_line(a, 3, 2, "Number of cells on this page");
+  print_decode_line(a, 5, 2, "Offset to cell content area");
+  print_decode_line(a, 7, 1, "Fragmented byte count");
+  if( a[0]==2 || a[0]==5 ){
+    print_decode_line(a, 8, 4, "Right child");
+  }
+  if( cellToDecode==(-2) && nCell>0 ){
+    printf(" key: lx=left-child n=payload-size r=rowid\n");
+  }
+  if( showMap ){
+    zMap = sqlite3_malloc(g.pagesize);
+    memset(zMap, '.', g.pagesize);
+    memset(zMap, '1', hdrSize);
+    memset(&zMap[hdrSize], 'H', iCellPtr);
+    memset(&zMap[hdrSize+iCellPtr], 'P', 2*nCell);
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+    int cofst = iCellPtr + i*2;
+    char *zDesc;
+    i64 n;
+
+    cofst = a[cofst]*256 + a[cofst+1];
+    n = describeCell(a[0], &a[cofst-hdrSize], showCellContent, &zDesc);
+    if( showMap ){
+      char zBuf[30];
+      memset(&zMap[cofst], '*', (size_t)n);
+      zMap[cofst] = '[';
+      zMap[cofst+n-1] = ']';
+      sprintf(zBuf, "%d", i);
+      j = (int)strlen(zBuf);
+      if( j<=n-2 ) memcpy(&zMap[cofst+1], zBuf, j);
+    }
+    if( cellToDecode==(-2) ){
+      printf(" %03x: cell[%d] %s\n", cofst, i, zDesc);
+    }else if( cellToDecode==(-1) || cellToDecode==i ){
+      decodeCell(a, pgno, i, hdrSize, cofst-hdrSize);
+    }
+  }
+  if( showMap ){
+    printf("Page map:  (H=header P=cell-index 1=page-1-header .=free-space)\n");
+    for(i=0; i<g.pagesize; i+=64){
+      printf(" %03x: %.64s\n", i, &zMap[i]);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zMap);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Decode a freelist trunk page.
+*/
+static void decode_trunk_page(
+  int pgno,             /* The page number */
+  int detail,           /* Show leaf pages if true */
+  int recursive         /* Follow the trunk change if true */
+){
+  int n, i;
+  unsigned char *a;
+  while( pgno>0 ){
+    a = fileRead((pgno-1)*g.pagesize, g.pagesize);
+    printf("Decode of freelist trunk page %d:\n", pgno);
+    print_decode_line(a, 0, 4, "Next freelist trunk page");
+    print_decode_line(a, 4, 4, "Number of entries on this page");
+    if( detail ){
+      n = (int)decodeInt32(&a[4]);
+      for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+        unsigned int x = decodeInt32(&a[8+4*i]);
+        char zIdx[10];
+        sprintf(zIdx, "[%d]", i);
+        printf("  %5s %7u", zIdx, x);
+        if( i%5==4 ) printf("\n");
+      }
+      if( i%5!=0 ) printf("\n");
+    }
+    if( !recursive ){
+      pgno = 0;
+    }else{
+      pgno = (int)decodeInt32(&a[0]);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(a);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** A short text comment on the use of each page.
+*/
+static char **zPageUse;
+
+/*
+** Add a comment on the use of a page.
+*/
+static void page_usage_msg(int pgno, const char *zFormat, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *zMsg;
+
+  va_start(ap, zFormat);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  if( pgno<=0 || pgno>g.mxPage ){
+    printf("ERROR: page %d out of range 1..%d: %s\n",
+            pgno, g.mxPage, zMsg);
+    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+    return;
+  }
+  if( zPageUse[pgno]!=0 ){
+    printf("ERROR: page %d used multiple times:\n", pgno);
+    printf("ERROR:    previous: %s\n", zPageUse[pgno]);
+    printf("ERROR:    current:  %s\n", zMsg);
+    sqlite3_free(zPageUse[pgno]);
+  }
+  zPageUse[pgno] = zMsg;
+}
+
+/*
+** Find overflow pages of a cell and describe their usage.
+*/
+static void page_usage_cell(
+  unsigned char cType,    /* Page type */
+  unsigned char *a,       /* Cell content */
+  int pgno,               /* page containing the cell */
+  int cellno              /* Index of the cell on the page */
+){
+  int i;
+  int n = 0;
+  i64 nPayload;
+  i64 rowid;
+  i64 nLocal;
+  i = 0;
+  if( cType<=5 ){
+    a += 4;
+    n += 4;
+  }
+  if( cType!=5 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(a, &nPayload);
+    a += i;
+    n += i;
+    nLocal = localPayload(nPayload, cType);
+  }else{
+    nPayload = nLocal = 0;
+  }
+  if( cType==5 || cType==13 ){
+    i = decodeVarint(a, &rowid);
+    a += i;
+    n += i;
+  }
+  if( nLocal<nPayload ){
+    int ovfl = decodeInt32(a+nLocal);
+    int cnt = 0;
+    while( ovfl && (cnt++)<g.mxPage ){
+      page_usage_msg(ovfl, "overflow %d from cell %d of page %d",
+                     cnt, cellno, pgno);
+      a = fileRead((ovfl-1)*g.pagesize, 4);
+      ovfl = decodeInt32(a);
+      sqlite3_free(a);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Describe the usages of a b-tree page
+*/
+static void page_usage_btree(
+  int pgno,             /* Page to describe */
+  int parent,           /* Parent of this page.  0 for root pages */
+  int idx,              /* Which child of the parent */
+  const char *zName     /* Name of the table */
+){
+  unsigned char *a;
+  const char *zType = "corrupt node";
+  int nCell;
+  int i;
+  int hdr = pgno==1 ? 100 : 0;
+
+  if( pgno<=0 || pgno>g.mxPage ) return;
+  a = fileRead((pgno-1)*g.pagesize, g.pagesize);
+  switch( a[hdr] ){
+    case 2:  zType = "interior node of index";  break;
+    case 5:  zType = "interior node of table";  break;
+    case 10: zType = "leaf of index";           break;
+    case 13: zType = "leaf of table";           break;
+  }
+  if( parent ){
+    page_usage_msg(pgno, "%s [%s], child %d of page %d",
+                   zType, zName, idx, parent);
+  }else{
+    page_usage_msg(pgno, "root %s [%s]", zType, zName);
+  }
+  nCell = a[hdr+3]*256 + a[hdr+4];
+  if( a[hdr]==2 || a[hdr]==5 ){
+    int cellstart = hdr+12;
+    unsigned int child;
+    for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+      int ofst;
+
+      ofst = cellstart + i*2;
+      ofst = a[ofst]*256 + a[ofst+1];
+      child = decodeInt32(a+ofst);
+      page_usage_btree(child, pgno, i, zName);
+    }
+    child = decodeInt32(a+cellstart-4);
+    page_usage_btree(child, pgno, i, zName);
+  }
+  if( a[hdr]==2 || a[hdr]==10 || a[hdr]==13 ){
+    int cellstart = hdr + 8 + 4*(a[hdr]<=5);
+    for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+      int ofst;
+      ofst = cellstart + i*2;
+      ofst = a[ofst]*256 + a[ofst+1];
+      page_usage_cell(a[hdr], a+ofst, pgno, i);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(a);
+}
+
+/*
+** Determine page usage by the freelist
+*/
+static void page_usage_freelist(int pgno){
+  unsigned char *a;
+  int cnt = 0;
+  int i;
+  int n;
+  int iNext;
+  int parent = 1;
+
+  while( pgno>0 && pgno<=g.mxPage && (cnt++)<g.mxPage ){
+    page_usage_msg(pgno, "freelist trunk #%d child of %d", cnt, parent);
+    a = fileRead((pgno-1)*g.pagesize, g.pagesize);
+    iNext = decodeInt32(a);
+    n = decodeInt32(a+4);
+    for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+      int child = decodeInt32(a + (i*4+8));
+      page_usage_msg(child, "freelist leaf, child %d of trunk page %d",
+                     i, pgno);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(a);
+    parent = pgno;
+    pgno = iNext;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Determine pages used as PTRMAP pages
+*/
+static void page_usage_ptrmap(unsigned char *a){
+  if( a[55] ){
+    int usable = g.pagesize - a[20];
+    int pgno = 2;
+    int perPage = usable/5;
+    while( pgno<=g.mxPage ){
+      page_usage_msg(pgno, "PTRMAP page covering %d..%d",
+                           pgno+1, pgno+perPage);
+      pgno += perPage + 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Try to figure out how every page in the database file is being used.
+*/
+static void page_usage_report(const char *zPrg, const char *zDbName){
+  int i, j;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  unsigned char *a;
+  char zQuery[200];
+
+  /* Avoid the pathological case */
+  if( g.mxPage<1 ){
+    printf("empty database\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Open the database file */
+  db = openDatabase(zPrg, zDbName);
+
+  /* Set up global variables zPageUse[] and g.mxPage to record page
+  ** usages */
+  zPageUse = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(zPageUse[0])*(g.mxPage+1) );
+  if( zPageUse==0 ) out_of_memory();
+  memset(zPageUse, 0, sizeof(zPageUse[0])*(g.mxPage+1));
+
+  /* Discover the usage of each page */
+  a = fileRead(0, 100);
+  page_usage_freelist(decodeInt32(a+32));
+  page_usage_ptrmap(a);
+  sqlite3_free(a);
+  page_usage_btree(1, 0, 0, "sqlite_master");
+  sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON", 0, 0, 0);
+  for(j=0; j<2; j++){
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zQuery), zQuery,
+             "SELECT type, name, rootpage FROM SQLITE_MASTER WHERE rootpage"
+             " ORDER BY rowid %s", j?"DESC":"");
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zQuery, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        int pgno = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 2);
+        page_usage_btree(pgno, 0, 0, (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,1));
+      }
+    }else{
+      printf("ERROR: cannot query database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) break;
+  }
+  sqlite3_close(db);
+
+  /* Print the report and free memory used */
+  for(i=1; i<=g.mxPage; i++){
+    printf("%5d: %s\n", i, zPageUse[i] ? zPageUse[i] : "???");
+    sqlite3_free(zPageUse[i]);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zPageUse);
+  zPageUse = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Try to figure out how every page in the database file is being used.
+*/
+static void ptrmap_coverage_report(const char *zDbName){
+  int pgno;
+  unsigned char *aHdr;
+  unsigned char *a;
+  int usable;
+  int perPage;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Avoid the pathological case */
+  if( g.mxPage<1 ){
+    printf("empty database\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure PTRMAPs are used in this database */
+  aHdr = fileRead(0, 100);
+  if( aHdr[55]==0 ){
+    printf("database does not use PTRMAP pages\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  usable = g.pagesize - aHdr[20];
+  perPage = usable/5;
+  sqlite3_free(aHdr);
+  printf("%5d: root of sqlite_master\n", 1);
+  for(pgno=2; pgno<=g.mxPage; pgno += perPage+1){
+    printf("%5d: PTRMAP page covering %d..%d\n", pgno,
+           pgno+1, pgno+perPage);
+    a = fileRead((pgno-1)*g.pagesize, usable);
+    for(i=0; i+5<=usable && pgno+1+i/5<=g.mxPage; i+=5){
+      const char *zType = "???";
+      unsigned int iFrom = decodeInt32(&a[i+1]);
+      switch( a[i] ){
+        case 1:  zType = "b-tree root page";        break;
+        case 2:  zType = "freelist page";           break;
+        case 3:  zType = "first page of overflow";  break;
+        case 4:  zType = "later page of overflow";  break;
+        case 5:  zType = "b-tree non-root page";    break;
+      }
+      printf("%5d: %s, parent=%u\n", pgno+1+i/5, zType, iFrom);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(a);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Print a usage comment
+*/
+static void usage(const char *argv0){
+  fprintf(stderr, "Usage %s ?--uri? FILENAME ?args...?\n\n", argv0);
+  fprintf(stderr,
+    "switches:\n"
+    "    --raw           Read db file directly, bypassing SQLite VFS\n"
+    "args:\n"
+    "    dbheader        Show database header\n"
+    "    pgidx           Index of how each page is used\n"
+    "    ptrmap          Show all PTRMAP page content\n"
+    "    NNN..MMM        Show hex of pages NNN through MMM\n"
+    "    NNN..end        Show hex of pages NNN through end of file\n"
+    "    NNNb            Decode btree page NNN\n"
+    "    NNNbc           Decode btree page NNN and show content\n"
+    "    NNNbm           Decode btree page NNN and show a layout map\n"
+    "    NNNbdCCC        Decode cell CCC on btree page NNN\n"
+    "    NNNt            Decode freelist trunk page NNN\n"
+    "    NNNtd           Show leaf freelist pages on the decode\n"
+    "    NNNtr           Recursively decode freelist starting at NNN\n"
+  );
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv){
+  sqlite3_int64 szFile;
+  unsigned char *zPgSz;
+  const char *zPrg = argv[0];     /* Name of this executable */
+  char **azArg = argv;
+  int nArg = argc;
+
+  /* Check for the "--uri" or "-uri" switch. */
+  if( nArg>1 ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp("-raw", azArg[1])==0 
+     || sqlite3_stricmp("--raw", azArg[1])==0
+    ){
+      g.bRaw = 1;
+      azArg++;
+      nArg--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( nArg<2 ){
+    usage(zPrg);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  fileOpen(zPrg, azArg[1]);
+  szFile = fileGetsize();
+
+  zPgSz = fileRead(16, 2);
+  g.pagesize = zPgSz[0]*256 + zPgSz[1]*65536;
+  if( g.pagesize==0 ) g.pagesize = 1024;
+  sqlite3_free(zPgSz);
+
+  printf("Pagesize: %d\n", g.pagesize);
+  g.mxPage = (int)((szFile+g.pagesize-1)/g.pagesize);
+
+  printf("Available pages: 1..%d\n", g.mxPage);
+  if( nArg==2 ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=1; i<=g.mxPage; i++) print_page(i);
+  }else{
+    int i;
+    for(i=2; i<nArg; i++){
+      int iStart, iEnd;
+      char *zLeft;
+      if( strcmp(azArg[i], "dbheader")==0 ){
+        print_db_header();
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( strcmp(azArg[i], "pgidx")==0 ){
+        page_usage_report(zPrg, azArg[1]);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( strcmp(azArg[i], "ptrmap")==0 ){
+        ptrmap_coverage_report(azArg[1]);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( strcmp(azArg[i], "help")==0 ){
+        usage(zPrg);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( !ISDIGIT(azArg[i][0]) ){
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown option: [%s]\n", zPrg, azArg[i]);
+        continue;
+      }
+      iStart = strtol(azArg[i], &zLeft, 0);
+      if( zLeft && strcmp(zLeft,"..end")==0 ){
+        iEnd = g.mxPage;
+      }else if( zLeft && zLeft[0]=='.' && zLeft[1]=='.' ){
+        iEnd = strtol(&zLeft[2], 0, 0);
+      }else if( zLeft && zLeft[0]=='b' ){
+        int ofst, nByte, hdrSize;
+        unsigned char *a;
+        if( iStart==1 ){
+          ofst = hdrSize = 100;
+          nByte = g.pagesize-100;
+        }else{
+          hdrSize = 0;
+          ofst = (iStart-1)*g.pagesize;
+          nByte = g.pagesize;
+        }
+        a = fileRead(ofst, nByte);
+        decode_btree_page(a, iStart, hdrSize, &zLeft[1]);
+        sqlite3_free(a);
+        continue;
+      }else if( zLeft && zLeft[0]=='t' ){
+        int detail = 0;
+        int recursive = 0;
+        int j;
+        for(j=1; zLeft[j]; j++){
+          if( zLeft[j]=='r' ) recursive = 1;
+          if( zLeft[j]=='d' ) detail = 1;
+        }
+        decode_trunk_page(iStart, detail, recursive);
+        continue;
+      }else{
+        iEnd = iStart;
+      }
+      if( iStart<1 || iEnd<iStart || iEnd>g.mxPage ){
+        fprintf(stderr,
+          "Page argument should be LOWER?..UPPER?.  Range 1 to %d\n",
+          g.mxPage);
+        exit(1);
+      }
+      while( iStart<=iEnd ){
+        print_page(iStart);
+        iStart++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  fileClose();
+  return 0;
+}