[sql] Import reference version of SQLite 3.17..

third_party/sqlite/sqlite-src-3170000/src/parse.y

+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
+** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
+** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
+** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
+*/
+
+// All token codes are small integers with #defines that begin with "TK_"
+%token_prefix TK_
+
+// The type of the data attached to each token is Token.  This is also the
+// default type for non-terminals.
+//
+%token_type {Token}
+%default_type {Token}
+
+// The generated parser function takes a 4th argument as follows:
+%extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
+
+// This code runs whenever there is a syntax error
+//
+%syntax_error {
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
+  assert( TOKEN.z[0] );  /* The tokenizer always gives us a token */
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
+}
+%stack_overflow {
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parser stack overflow");
+}
+
+// The name of the generated procedure that implements the parser
+// is as follows:
+%name sqlite3Parser
+
+// The following text is included near the beginning of the C source
+// code file that implements the parser.
+//
+%include {
+#include "sqliteInt.h"
+
+/*
+** Disable all error recovery processing in the parser push-down
+** automaton.
+*/
+#define YYNOERRORRECOVERY 1
+
+/*
+** Make yytestcase() the same as testcase()
+*/
+#define yytestcase(X) testcase(X)
+
+/*
+** Indicate that sqlite3ParserFree() will never be called with a null
+** pointer.
+*/
+#define YYPARSEFREENEVERNULL 1
+
+/*
+** In the amalgamation, the parse.c file generated by lemon and the
+** tokenize.c file are concatenated.  In that case, sqlite3RunParser()
+** has access to the the size of the yyParser object and so the parser
+** engine can be allocated from stack.  In that case, only the
+** sqlite3ParserInit() and sqlite3ParserFinalize() routines are invoked
+** and the sqlite3ParserAlloc() and sqlite3ParserFree() routines can be
+** omitted.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+# define sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Alternative datatype for the argument to the malloc() routine passed
+** into sqlite3ParserAlloc().  The default is size_t.
+*/
+#define YYMALLOCARGTYPE  u64
+
+/*
+** An instance of this structure holds information about the
+** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
+*/
+struct LimitVal {
+  Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
+  Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
+};
+
+/*
+** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
+** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
+** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
+**
+**      UPDATE ON (a,b,c)
+**
+** Then the "b" IdList records the list "a,b,c".
+*/
+struct TrigEvent { int a; IdList * b; };
+
+/*
+** Disable lookaside memory allocation for objects that might be
+** shared across database connections.
+*/
+static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
+  pParse->disableLookaside++;
+  pParse->db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+}
+
+} // end %include
+
+// Input is a single SQL command
+input ::= cmdlist.
+cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd.
+cmdlist ::= ecmd.
+ecmd ::= SEMI.
+ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI.
+explain ::= .
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
+explain ::= EXPLAIN.              { pParse->explain = 1; }
+explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.   { pParse->explain = 2; }
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
+cmdx ::= cmd.           { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
+
+///////////////////// Begin and end transactions. ////////////////////////////
+//
+
+cmd ::= BEGIN transtype(Y) trans_opt.  {sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, Y);}
+trans_opt ::= .
+trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION.
+trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm.
+%type transtype {int}
+transtype(A) ::= .             {A = TK_DEFERRED;}
+transtype(A) ::= DEFERRED(X).  {A = @X; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+transtype(A) ::= IMMEDIATE(X). {A = @X; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+transtype(A) ::= EXCLUSIVE(X). {A = @X; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt.      {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
+cmd ::= END trans_opt.         {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
+cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt.    {sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
+
+savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT.
+savepoint_opt ::= .
+cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm(X). {
+  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, &X);
+}
+cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm(X). {
+  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, &X);
+}
+cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm(X). {
+  sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, &X);
+}
+
+///////////////////// The CREATE TABLE statement ////////////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= create_table create_table_args.
+create_table ::= createkw temp(T) TABLE ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). {
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&Y,&Z,T,0,0,E);
+}
+createkw(A) ::= CREATE(A).  {disableLookaside(pParse);}
+
+%type ifnotexists {int}
+ifnotexists(A) ::= .              {A = 0;}
+ifnotexists(A) ::= IF NOT EXISTS. {A = 1;}
+%type temp {int}
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+temp(A) ::= TEMP.  {A = 1;}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+temp(A) ::= .      {A = 0;}
+create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt(X) RP(E) table_options(F). {
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&X,&E,F,0);
+}
+create_table_args ::= AS select(S). {
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,S);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, S);
+}
+%type table_options {int}
+table_options(A) ::= .    {A = 0;}
+table_options(A) ::= WITHOUT nm(X). {
+  if( X.n==5 && sqlite3_strnicmp(X.z,"rowid",5)==0 ){
+    A = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+  }else{
+    A = 0;
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", X.n, X.z);
+  }
+}
+columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist.
+columnlist ::= columnname carglist.
+columnname(A) ::= nm(A) typetoken(Y). {sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&A,&Y);}
+
+// Define operator precedence early so that this is the first occurrence
+// of the operator tokens in the grammer.  Keeping the operators together
+// causes them to be assigned integer values that are close together,
+// which keeps parser tables smaller.
+//
+// The token values assigned to these symbols is determined by the order
+// in which lemon first sees them.  It must be the case that ISNULL/NOTNULL,
+// NE/EQ, GT/LE, and GE/LT are separated by only a single value.  See
+// the sqlite3ExprIfFalse() routine for additional information on this
+// constraint.
+//
+%left OR.
+%left AND.
+%right NOT.
+%left IS MATCH LIKE_KW BETWEEN IN ISNULL NOTNULL NE EQ.
+%left GT LE LT GE.
+%right ESCAPE.
+%left BITAND BITOR LSHIFT RSHIFT.
+%left PLUS MINUS.
+%left STAR SLASH REM.
+%left CONCAT.
+%left COLLATE.
+%right BITNOT.
+
+// An IDENTIFIER can be a generic identifier, or one of several
+// keywords.  Any non-standard keyword can also be an identifier.
+//
+%token_class id  ID|INDEXED.
+
+// The following directive causes tokens ABORT, AFTER, ASC, etc. to
+// fallback to ID if they will not parse as their original value.
+// This obviates the need for the "id" nonterminal.
+//
+%fallback ID
+  ABORT ACTION AFTER ANALYZE ASC ATTACH BEFORE BEGIN BY CASCADE CAST COLUMNKW
+  CONFLICT DATABASE DEFERRED DESC DETACH EACH END EXCLUSIVE EXPLAIN FAIL FOR
+  IGNORE IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSTEAD LIKE_KW MATCH NO PLAN
+  QUERY KEY OF OFFSET PRAGMA RAISE RECURSIVE RELEASE REPLACE RESTRICT ROW
+  ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT TEMP TRIGGER VACUUM VIEW VIRTUAL WITH WITHOUT
+%ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  EXCEPT INTERSECT UNION
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  REINDEX RENAME CTIME_KW IF
+  .
+%wildcard ANY.
+
+
+// And "ids" is an identifer-or-string.
+//
+%token_class ids  ID|STRING.
+
+// The name of a column or table can be any of the following:
+//
+%type nm {Token}
+nm(A) ::= id(A).
+nm(A) ::= STRING(A).
+nm(A) ::= JOIN_KW(A).
+
+// A typetoken is really zero or more tokens that form a type name such
+// as can be found after the column name in a CREATE TABLE statement.
+// Multiple tokens are concatenated to form the value of the typetoken.
+//
+%type typetoken {Token}
+typetoken(A) ::= .   {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
+typetoken(A) ::= typename(A).
+typetoken(A) ::= typename(A) LP signed RP(Y). {
+  A.n = (int)(&Y.z[Y.n] - A.z);
+}
+typetoken(A) ::= typename(A) LP signed COMMA signed RP(Y). {
+  A.n = (int)(&Y.z[Y.n] - A.z);
+}
+%type typename {Token}
+typename(A) ::= ids(A).
+typename(A) ::= typename(A) ids(Y). {A.n=Y.n+(int)(Y.z-A.z);}
+signed ::= plus_num.
+signed ::= minus_num.
+
+// "carglist" is a list of additional constraints that come after the
+// column name and column type in a CREATE TABLE statement.
+//
+carglist ::= carglist ccons.
+carglist ::= .
+ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm(X).           {pParse->constraintName = X;}
+ccons ::= DEFAULT term(X).            {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
+ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr(X) RP.      {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
+ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term(X).       {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
+ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS(A) term(X).      {
+  ExprSpan v;
+  v.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, X.pExpr, 0);
+  v.zStart = A.z;
+  v.zEnd = X.zEnd;
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+}
+ccons ::= DEFAULT id(X).              {
+  ExprSpan v;
+  spanExpr(&v, pParse, TK_STRING, X);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+}
+
+// In addition to the type name, we also care about the primary key and
+// UNIQUE constraints.
+//
+ccons ::= NULL onconf.
+ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).    {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
+ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder(Z) onconf(R) autoinc(I).
+                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I,Z);}
+ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).      {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0,0,0,
+                                   SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
+ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP.   {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,X.pExpr);}
+ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
+                                 {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
+ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).    {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
+ccons ::= COLLATE ids(C).        {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &C);}
+
+// The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
+%type autoinc {int}
+autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}
+autoinc(X) ::= AUTOINCR.  {X = 1;}
+
+// The next group of rules parses the arguments to a REFERENCES clause
+// that determine if the referential integrity checking is deferred or
+// or immediate and which determine what action to take if a ref-integ
+// check fails.
+//
+%type refargs {int}
+refargs(A) ::= .                  { A = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
+refargs(A) ::= refargs(A) refarg(Y). { A = (A & ~Y.mask) | Y.value; }
+%type refarg {struct {int value; int mask;}}
+refarg(A) ::= MATCH nm.              { A.value = 0;     A.mask = 0x000000; }
+refarg(A) ::= ON INSERT refact.      { A.value = 0;     A.mask = 0x000000; }
+refarg(A) ::= ON DELETE refact(X).   { A.value = X;     A.mask = 0x0000ff; }
+refarg(A) ::= ON UPDATE refact(X).   { A.value = X<<8;  A.mask = 0x00ff00; }
+%type refact {int}
+refact(A) ::= SET NULL.              { A = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+refact(A) ::= SET DEFAULT.           { A = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+refact(A) ::= CASCADE.               { A = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+refact(A) ::= RESTRICT.              { A = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+refact(A) ::= NO ACTION.             { A = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+%type defer_subclause {int}
+defer_subclause(A) ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt.     {A = 0;}
+defer_subclause(A) ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt(X).      {A = X;}
+%type init_deferred_pred_opt {int}
+init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
+init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED.     {A = 1;}
+init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.    {A = 0;}
+
+conslist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
+conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(A) conslist.
+conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons.
+conslist ::= tcons.
+tconscomma ::= COMMA.            {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
+tconscomma ::= .
+tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm(X).      {pParse->constraintName = X;}
+tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
+                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I,0);}
+tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist(X) RP onconf(R).
+                                 {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0,0,0,
+                                       SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
+tcons ::= CHECK LP expr(E) RP onconf.
+                                 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,E.pExpr);}
+tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist(FA) RP
+          REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
+    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
+}
+%type defer_subclause_opt {int}
+defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
+defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(A).
+
+// The following is a non-standard extension that allows us to declare the
+// default behavior when there is a constraint conflict.
+//
+%type onconf {int}
+%type orconf {int}
+%type resolvetype {int}
+onconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
+onconf(A) ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype(X).    {A = X;}
+orconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
+orconf(A) ::= OR resolvetype(X).             {A = X;}
+resolvetype(A) ::= raisetype(A).
+resolvetype(A) ::= IGNORE.                   {A = OE_Ignore;}
+resolvetype(A) ::= REPLACE.                  {A = OE_Replace;}
+
+////////////////////////// The DROP TABLE /////////////////////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 0, E);
+}
+%type ifexists {int}
+ifexists(A) ::= IF EXISTS.   {A = 1;}
+ifexists(A) ::= .            {A = 0;}
+
+///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
+//
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+cmd ::= createkw(X) temp(T) VIEW ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) eidlist_opt(C)
+          AS select(S). {
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, C, S, T, E);
+}
+cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1, E);
+}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+
+//////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= select(X).  {
+  SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, X, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
+}
+
+%type select {Select*}
+%destructor select {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type selectnowith {Select*}
+%destructor selectnowith {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type oneselect {Select*}
+%destructor oneselect {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+%include {
+  /*
+  ** For a compound SELECT statement, make sure p->pPrior->pNext==p for
+  ** all elements in the list.  And make sure list length does not exceed
+  ** SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT.
+  */
+  static void parserDoubleLinkSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
+    if( p->pPrior ){
+      Select *pNext = 0, *pLoop;
+      int mxSelect, cnt = 0;
+      for(pLoop=p; pLoop; pNext=pLoop, pLoop=pLoop->pPrior, cnt++){
+        pLoop->pNext = pNext;
+        pLoop->selFlags |= SF_Compound;
+      }
+      if( (p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue)==0 && 
+        (mxSelect = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT])>0 &&
+        cnt>mxSelect
+      ){
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in compound SELECT");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+select(A) ::= with(W) selectnowith(X). {
+  Select *p = X;
+  if( p ){
+    p->pWith = W;
+    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, W);
+  }
+  A = p; /*A-overwrites-W*/
+}
+
+selectnowith(A) ::= oneselect(A).
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+selectnowith(A) ::= selectnowith(A) multiselect_op(Y) oneselect(Z).  {
+  Select *pRhs = Z;
+  Select *pLhs = A;
+  if( pRhs && pRhs->pPrior ){
+    SrcList *pFrom;
+    Token x;
+    x.n = 0;
+    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, pRhs);
+    pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,0,0,0,&x,pRhs,0,0);
+    pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+  }
+  if( pRhs ){
+    pRhs->op = (u8)Y;
+    pRhs->pPrior = pLhs;
+    if( ALWAYS(pLhs) ) pLhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
+    pRhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
+    if( Y!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
+  }
+  A = pRhs;
+}
+%type multiselect_op {int}
+multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION(OP).             {A = @OP; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION ALL.             {A = TK_ALL;}
+multiselect_op(A) ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT(OP).  {A = @OP; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+oneselect(A) ::= SELECT(S) distinct(D) selcollist(W) from(X) where_opt(Y)
+                 groupby_opt(P) having_opt(Q) orderby_opt(Z) limit_opt(L). {
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+  Token s = S; /*A-overwrites-S*/
+#endif
+  A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,W,X,Y,P,Q,Z,D,L.pLimit,L.pOffset);
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+  /* Populate the Select.zSelName[] string that is used to help with
+  ** query planner debugging, to differentiate between multiple Select
+  ** objects in a complex query.
+  **
+  ** If the SELECT keyword is immediately followed by a C-style comment
+  ** then extract the first few alphanumeric characters from within that
+  ** comment to be the zSelName value.  Otherwise, the label is #N where
+  ** is an integer that is incremented with each SELECT statement seen.
+  */
+  if( A!=0 ){
+    const char *z = s.z+6;
+    int i;
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(A->zSelName), A->zSelName, "#%d",
+                     ++pParse->nSelect);
+    while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
+    if( z[0]=='/' && z[1]=='*' ){
+      z += 2;
+      while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
+      for(i=0; sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]); i++){}
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(A->zSelName), A->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
+    }
+  }
+#endif /* SELECTRACE_ENABLED */
+}
+oneselect(A) ::= values(A).
+
+%type values {Select*}
+%destructor values {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+values(A) ::= VALUES LP nexprlist(X) RP. {
+  A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,X,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0,0);
+}
+values(A) ::= values(A) COMMA LP exprlist(Y) RP. {
+  Select *pRight, *pLeft = A;
+  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,Y,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0,0);
+  if( ALWAYS(pLeft) ) pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
+  if( pRight ){
+    pRight->op = TK_ALL;
+    pRight->pPrior = pLeft;
+    A = pRight;
+  }else{
+    A = pLeft;
+  }
+}
+
+// The "distinct" nonterminal is true (1) if the DISTINCT keyword is
+// present and false (0) if it is not.
+//
+%type distinct {int}
+distinct(A) ::= DISTINCT.   {A = SF_Distinct;}
+distinct(A) ::= ALL.        {A = SF_All;}
+distinct(A) ::= .           {A = 0;}
+
+// selcollist is a list of expressions that are to become the return
+// values of the SELECT statement.  The "*" in statements like
+// "SELECT * FROM ..." is encoded as a special expression with an
+// opcode of TK_ASTERISK.
+//
+%type selcollist {ExprList*}
+%destructor selcollist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type sclp {ExprList*}
+%destructor sclp {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+sclp(A) ::= selcollist(A) COMMA.
+sclp(A) ::= .                                {A = 0;}
+selcollist(A) ::= sclp(A) expr(X) as(Y).     {
+   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, A, X.pExpr);
+   if( Y.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &Y, 1);
+   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,A,&X);
+}
+selcollist(A) ::= sclp(A) STAR. {
+  Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ASTERISK, 0);
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, A, p);
+}
+selcollist(A) ::= sclp(A) nm(X) DOT STAR. {
+  Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ASTERISK, 0, 0);
+  Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &X, 1);
+  Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, pDot);
+}
+
+// An option "AS <id>" phrase that can follow one of the expressions that
+// define the result set, or one of the tables in the FROM clause.
+//
+%type as {Token}
+as(X) ::= AS nm(Y).    {X = Y;}
+as(X) ::= ids(X).
+as(X) ::= .            {X.n = 0; X.z = 0;}
+
+
+%type seltablist {SrcList*}
+%destructor seltablist {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type stl_prefix {SrcList*}
+%destructor stl_prefix {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type from {SrcList*}
+%destructor from {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+// A complete FROM clause.
+//
+from(A) ::= .                {A = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*A));}
+from(A) ::= FROM seltablist(X). {
+  A = X;
+  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(A);
+}
+
+// "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
+// in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
+//
+stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(A) joinop(Y).    {
+   if( ALWAYS(A && A->nSrc>0) ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)Y;
+}
+stl_prefix(A) ::= .                           {A = 0;}
+seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(A) nm(Y) dbnm(D) as(Z) indexed_opt(I)
+                  on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
+  A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, A, &I);
+}
+seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(A) nm(Y) dbnm(D) LP exprlist(E) RP as(Z)
+                  on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
+  A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
+  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, A, E);
+}
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(A) LP select(S) RP
+                    as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
+    A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,0,0,&Z,S,N,U);
+  }
+  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(A) LP seltablist(F) RP
+                    as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
+    if( A==0 && Z.n==0 && N==0 && U==0 ){
+      A = F;
+    }else if( F->nSrc==1 ){
+      A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,0,0,&Z,0,N,U);
+      if( A ){
+        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &A->a[A->nSrc-1];
+        struct SrcList_item *pOld = F->a;
+        pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
+        pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
+        pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
+        pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
+        pOld->pSelect = 0;
+      }
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, F);
+    }else{
+      Select *pSubquery;
+      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(F);
+      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,F,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0,0);
+      A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,A,0,0,&Z,pSubquery,N,U);
+    }
+  }
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+
+%type dbnm {Token}
+dbnm(A) ::= .          {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
+dbnm(A) ::= DOT nm(X). {A = X;}
+
+%type fullname {SrcList*}
+%destructor fullname {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+fullname(A) ::= nm(X) dbnm(Y).  
+   {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+
+%type joinop {int}
+joinop(X) ::= COMMA|JOIN.              { X = JT_INNER; }
+joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) JOIN.
+                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) JOIN.
+                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) nm(C) JOIN.
+                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,&C);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
+
+%type on_opt {Expr*}
+%destructor on_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+on_opt(N) ::= ON expr(E).   {N = E.pExpr;}
+on_opt(N) ::= .             {N = 0;}
+
+// Note that this block abuses the Token type just a little. If there is
+// no "INDEXED BY" clause, the returned token is empty (z==0 && n==0). If
+// there is an INDEXED BY clause, then the token is populated as per normal,
+// with z pointing to the token data and n containing the number of bytes
+// in the token.
+//
+// If there is a "NOT INDEXED" clause, then (z==0 && n==1), which is 
+// normally illegal. The sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy() function 
+// recognizes and interprets this as a special case.
+//
+%type indexed_opt {Token}
+indexed_opt(A) ::= .                 {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
+indexed_opt(A) ::= INDEXED BY nm(X). {A = X;}
+indexed_opt(A) ::= NOT INDEXED.      {A.z=0; A.n=1;}
+
+%type using_opt {IdList*}
+%destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+using_opt(U) ::= USING LP idlist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
+using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}
+
+
+%type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
+%destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+// the sortlist non-terminal stores a list of expression where each
+// expression is optionally followed by ASC or DESC to indicate the
+// sort order.
+//
+%type sortlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
+orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
+sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(A) COMMA expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A,Y.pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
+}
+sortlist(A) ::= expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
+}
+
+%type sortorder {int}
+
+sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
+
+%type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
+%destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
+groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY nexprlist(X). {A = X;}
+
+%type having_opt {Expr*}
+%destructor having_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+having_opt(A) ::= .                {A = 0;}
+having_opt(A) ::= HAVING expr(X).  {A = X.pExpr;}
+
+%type limit_opt {struct LimitVal}
+
+// The destructor for limit_opt will never fire in the current grammar.
+// The limit_opt non-terminal only occurs at the end of a single production
+// rule for SELECT statements.  As soon as the rule that create the 
+// limit_opt non-terminal reduces, the SELECT statement rule will also
+// reduce.  So there is never a limit_opt non-terminal on the stack 
+// except as a transient.  So there is never anything to destroy.
+//
+//%destructor limit_opt {
+//  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pLimit);
+//  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pOffset);
+//}
+limit_opt(A) ::= .                    {A.pLimit = 0; A.pOffset = 0;}
+limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X).       {A.pLimit = X.pExpr; A.pOffset = 0;}
+limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) OFFSET expr(Y). 
+                                      {A.pLimit = X.pExpr; A.pOffset = Y.pExpr;}
+limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) COMMA expr(Y). 
+                                      {A.pOffset = X.pExpr; A.pLimit = Y.pExpr;}
+
+/////////////////////////// The DELETE statement /////////////////////////////
+//
+%ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+cmd ::= with(C) DELETE FROM fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W) 
+        orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L). {
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, C, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
+  W = sqlite3LimitWhere(pParse, X, W, O, L.pLimit, L.pOffset, "DELETE");
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W);
+}
+%endif
+%ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+cmd ::= with(C) DELETE FROM fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W). {
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, C, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W);
+}
+%endif
+
+%type where_opt {Expr*}
+%destructor where_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+where_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
+where_opt(A) ::= WHERE expr(X).       {A = X.pExpr;}
+
+////////////////////////// The UPDATE command ////////////////////////////////
+//
+%ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+cmd ::= with(C) UPDATE orconf(R) fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y)
+        where_opt(W) orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L).  {
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, C, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
+  W = sqlite3LimitWhere(pParse, X, W, O, L.pLimit, L.pOffset, "UPDATE");
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R);
+}
+%endif
+%ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+cmd ::= with(C) UPDATE orconf(R) fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y)
+        where_opt(W).  {
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, C, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R);
+}
+%endif
+
+%type setlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor setlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+setlist(A) ::= setlist(A) COMMA nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, A, Y.pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
+}
+setlist(A) ::= setlist(A) COMMA LP idlist(X) RP EQ expr(Y). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, A, X, Y.pExpr);
+}
+setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, Y.pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
+}
+setlist(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP EQ expr(Y). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, X, Y.pExpr);
+}
+
+////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S). {
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, S, F, R);
+}
+cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
+{
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, F, R);
+}
+
+%type insert_cmd {int}
+insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
+insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}
+
+%type idlist_opt {IdList*}
+%destructor idlist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type idlist {IdList*}
+%destructor idlist {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+idlist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
+idlist_opt(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
+idlist(A) ::= idlist(A) COMMA nm(Y).
+    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,A,&Y);}
+idlist(A) ::= nm(Y).
+    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+
+/////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
+//
+
+%type expr {ExprSpan}
+%destructor expr {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pExpr);}
+%type term {ExprSpan}
+%destructor term {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pExpr);}
+
+%include {
+  /* This is a utility routine used to set the ExprSpan.zStart and
+  ** ExprSpan.zEnd values of pOut so that the span covers the complete
+  ** range of text beginning with pStart and going to the end of pEnd.
+  */
+  static void spanSet(ExprSpan *pOut, Token *pStart, Token *pEnd){
+    pOut->zStart = pStart->z;
+    pOut->zEnd = &pEnd->z[pEnd->n];
+  }
+
+  /* Construct a new Expr object from a single identifier.  Use the
+  ** new Expr to populate pOut.  Set the span of pOut to be the identifier
+  ** that created the expression.
+  */
+  static void spanExpr(ExprSpan *pOut, Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
+    Expr *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(Expr)+t.n+1);
+    if( p ){
+      memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr));
+      p->op = (u8)op;
+      p->flags = EP_Leaf;
+      p->iAgg = -1;
+      p->u.zToken = (char*)&p[1];
+      memcpy(p->u.zToken, t.z, t.n);
+      p->u.zToken[t.n] = 0;
+      if( sqlite3Isquote(p->u.zToken[0]) ){
+        if( p->u.zToken[0]=='"' ) p->flags |= EP_DblQuoted;
+        sqlite3Dequote(p->u.zToken);
+      }
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+      p->nHeight = 1;
+#endif  
+    }
+    pOut->pExpr = p;
+    pOut->zStart = t.z;
+    pOut->zEnd = &t.z[t.n];
+  }
+}
+
+expr(A) ::= term(A).
+expr(A) ::= LP(B) expr(X) RP(E).
+            {spanSet(&A,&B,&E); /*A-overwrites-B*/  A.pExpr = X.pExpr;}
+term(A) ::= NULL(X).        {spanExpr(&A,pParse,@X,X);/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+expr(A) ::= id(X).          {spanExpr(&A,pParse,TK_ID,X); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+expr(A) ::= JOIN_KW(X).     {spanExpr(&A,pParse,TK_ID,X); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y). {
+  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &X, 1);
+  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &Y, 1);
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
+}
+expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y) DOT nm(Z). {
+  Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &X, 1);
+  Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &Y, 1);
+  Expr *temp3 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &Z, 1);
+  Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3);
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&Z); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
+}
+term(A) ::= FLOAT|BLOB(X). {spanExpr(&A,pParse,@X,X);/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+term(A) ::= STRING(X).     {spanExpr(&A,pParse,@X,X);/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+term(A) ::= INTEGER(X). {
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &X, 1);
+  A.zStart = X.z;
+  A.zEnd = X.z + X.n;
+  if( A.pExpr ) A.pExpr->flags |= EP_Leaf;
+}
+expr(A) ::= VARIABLE(X).     {
+  if( !(X.z[0]=='#' && sqlite3Isdigit(X.z[1])) ){
+    u32 n = X.n;
+    spanExpr(&A, pParse, TK_VARIABLE, X);
+    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, A.pExpr, n);
+  }else{
+    /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
+    ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
+    ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
+    Token t = X; /*A-overwrites-X*/
+    assert( t.n>=2 );
+    spanSet(&A, &t, &t);
+    if( pParse->nested==0 ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
+      A.pExpr = 0;
+    }else{
+      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
+      if( A.pExpr ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &A.pExpr->iTable);
+    }
+  }
+}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) COLLATE ids(C). {
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, A.pExpr, &C, 1);
+  A.zEnd = &C.z[C.n];
+}
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
+expr(A) ::= CAST(X) LP expr(E) AS typetoken(T) RP(Y). {
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &T, 1);
+  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, A.pExpr, E.pExpr, 0);
+}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
+expr(A) ::= id(X) LP distinct(D) exprlist(Y) RP(E). {
+  if( Y && Y->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", &X);
+  }
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, Y, &X);
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&E);
+  if( D==SF_Distinct && A.pExpr ){
+    A.pExpr->flags |= EP_Distinct;
+  }
+}
+expr(A) ::= id(X) LP STAR RP(E). {
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &X);
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&E);
+}
+term(A) ::= CTIME_KW(OP). {
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &OP);
+  spanSet(&A, &OP, &OP);
+}
+
+%include {
+  /* This routine constructs a binary expression node out of two ExprSpan
+  ** objects and uses the result to populate a new ExprSpan object.
+  */
+  static void spanBinaryExpr(
+    Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context.  Errors accumulate here */
+    int op,             /* The binary operation */
+    ExprSpan *pLeft,    /* The left operand, and output */
+    ExprSpan *pRight    /* The right operand */
+  ){
+    pLeft->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pLeft->pExpr, pRight->pExpr);
+    pLeft->zEnd = pRight->zEnd;
+  }
+
+  /* If doNot is true, then add a TK_NOT Expr-node wrapper around the
+  ** outside of *ppExpr.
+  */
+  static void exprNot(Parse *pParse, int doNot, ExprSpan *pSpan){
+    if( doNot ){
+      pSpan->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pSpan->pExpr, 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+expr(A) ::= LP(L) nexprlist(X) COMMA expr(Y) RP(R). {
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, X, Y.pExpr);
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+  if( A.pExpr ){
+    A.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
+    spanSet(&A, &L, &R);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
+  }
+}
+
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) AND(OP) expr(Y).    {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) OR(OP) expr(Y).     {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) LT|GT|GE|LE(OP) expr(Y).
+                                        {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) EQ|NE(OP) expr(Y).  {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT(OP) expr(Y).
+                                        {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) PLUS|MINUS(OP) expr(Y).
+                                        {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) STAR|SLASH|REM(OP) expr(Y).
+                                        {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) CONCAT(OP) expr(Y). {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
+%type likeop {Token}
+likeop(A) ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH(X).     {A=X;/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+likeop(A) ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH(X). {A=X; A.n|=0x80000000; /*A-overwrite-X*/}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) likeop(OP) expr(Y).  [LIKE_KW]  {
+  ExprList *pList;
+  int bNot = OP.n & 0x80000000;
+  OP.n &= 0x7fffffff;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, A.pExpr);
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &OP);
+  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &A);
+  A.zEnd = Y.zEnd;
+  if( A.pExpr ) A.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) likeop(OP) expr(Y) ESCAPE expr(E).  [LIKE_KW]  {
+  ExprList *pList;
+  int bNot = OP.n & 0x80000000;
+  OP.n &= 0x7fffffff;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, A.pExpr);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, E.pExpr);
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &OP);
+  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &A);
+  A.zEnd = E.zEnd;
+  if( A.pExpr ) A.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+}
+
+%include {
+  /* Construct an expression node for a unary postfix operator
+  */
+  static void spanUnaryPostfix(
+    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
+    int op,                /* The operator */
+    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand, and output */
+    Token *pPostOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
+  ){
+    pOperand->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
+    pOperand->zEnd = &pPostOp->z[pPostOp->n];
+  }                           
+}
+
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) ISNULL|NOTNULL(E).   {spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,@E,&A,&E);}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) NOT NULL(E). {spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,&A,&E);}
+
+%include {
+  /* A routine to convert a binary TK_IS or TK_ISNOT expression into a
+  ** unary TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL expression. */
+  static void binaryToUnaryIfNull(Parse *pParse, Expr *pY, Expr *pA, int op){
+    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+    if( pA && pY && pY->op==TK_NULL ){
+      pA->op = (u8)op;
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pA->pRight);
+      pA->pRight = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//    expr1 IS expr2
+//    expr1 IS NOT expr2
+//
+// If expr2 is NULL then code as TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL.  If expr2
+// is any other expression, code as TK_IS or TK_ISNOT.
+// 
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) IS expr(Y).     {
+  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_IS,&A,&Y);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, Y.pExpr, A.pExpr, TK_ISNULL);
+}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) IS NOT expr(Y). {
+  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,&A,&Y);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, Y.pExpr, A.pExpr, TK_NOTNULL);
+}
+
+%include {
+  /* Construct an expression node for a unary prefix operator
+  */
+  static void spanUnaryPrefix(
+    ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
+    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
+    int op,                /* The operator */
+    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
+    Token *pPreOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
+  ){
+    pOut->zStart = pPreOp->z;
+    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
+    pOut->zEnd = pOperand->zEnd;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+expr(A) ::= NOT(B) expr(X).  
+              {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,@B,&X,&B);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+expr(A) ::= BITNOT(B) expr(X).
+              {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,@B,&X,&B);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+expr(A) ::= MINUS(B) expr(X). [BITNOT]
+              {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,TK_UMINUS,&X,&B);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+expr(A) ::= PLUS(B) expr(X). [BITNOT]
+              {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,TK_UPLUS,&X,&B);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+
+%type between_op {int}
+between_op(A) ::= BETWEEN.     {A = 0;}
+between_op(A) ::= NOT BETWEEN. {A = 1;}
+expr(A) ::= expr(A) between_op(N) expr(X) AND expr(Y). [BETWEEN] {
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, X.pExpr);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, Y.pExpr);
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, A.pExpr, 0);
+  if( A.pExpr ){
+    A.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
+  } 
+  exprNot(pParse, N, &A);
+  A.zEnd = Y.zEnd;
+}
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+  %type in_op {int}
+  in_op(A) ::= IN.      {A = 0;}
+  in_op(A) ::= NOT IN.  {A = 1;}
+  expr(A) ::= expr(A) in_op(N) LP exprlist(Y) RP(E). [IN] {
+    if( Y==0 ){
+      /* Expressions of the form
+      **
+      **      expr1 IN ()
+      **      expr1 NOT IN ()
+      **
+      ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
+      ** regardless of the value of expr1.
+      */
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, A.pExpr);
+      A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[N],1);
+    }else if( Y->nExpr==1 ){
+      /* Expressions of the form:
+      **
+      **      expr1 IN (?1)
+      **      expr1 NOT IN (?2)
+      **
+      ** with exactly one value on the RHS can be simplified to something
+      ** like this:
+      **
+      **      expr1 == ?1
+      **      expr1 <> ?2
+      **
+      ** But, the RHS of the == or <> is marked with the EP_Generic flag
+      ** so that it may not contribute to the computation of comparison
+      ** affinity or the collating sequence to use for comparison.  Otherwise,
+      ** the semantics would be subtly different from IN or NOT IN.
+      */
+      Expr *pRHS = Y->a[0].pExpr;
+      Y->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
+      /* pRHS cannot be NULL because a malloc error would have been detected
+      ** before now and control would have never reached this point */
+      if( ALWAYS(pRHS) ){
+        pRHS->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
+        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
+      }
+      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, N ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, A.pExpr, pRHS);
+    }else{
+      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, A.pExpr, 0);
+      if( A.pExpr ){
+        A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
+        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
+      }
+      exprNot(pParse, N, &A);
+    }
+    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
+  }
+  expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
+    spanSet(&A,&B,&E); /*A-overwrites-B*/
+    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, A.pExpr, X);
+  }
+  expr(A) ::= expr(A) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
+    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, A.pExpr, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, A.pExpr, Y);
+    exprNot(pParse, N, &A);
+    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
+  }
+  expr(A) ::= expr(A) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) paren_exprlist(E). [IN] {
+    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
+    Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    if( E )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, E);
+    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, A.pExpr, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, A.pExpr, pSelect);
+    exprNot(pParse, N, &A);
+    A.zEnd = Z.z ? &Z.z[Z.n] : &Y.z[Y.n];
+  }
+  expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
+    Expr *p;
+    spanSet(&A,&B,&E); /*A-overwrites-B*/
+    p = A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, Y);
+  }
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+
+/* CASE expressions */
+expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
+  spanSet(&A,&C,&E);  /*A-overwrites-C*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, 0);
+  if( A.pExpr ){
+    A.pExpr->x.pList = Z ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,Y,Z) : Y;
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, Z);
+  }
+}
+%type case_exprlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor case_exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+case_exprlist(A) ::= case_exprlist(A) WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, Y.pExpr);
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, Z.pExpr);
+}
+case_exprlist(A) ::= WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
+  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, Z.pExpr);
+}
+%type case_else {Expr*}
+%destructor case_else {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+case_else(A) ::=  ELSE expr(X).         {A = X.pExpr;}
+case_else(A) ::=  .                     {A = 0;} 
+%type case_operand {Expr*}
+%destructor case_operand {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+case_operand(A) ::= expr(X).            {A = X.pExpr; /*A-overwrites-X*/} 
+case_operand(A) ::= .                   {A = 0;} 
+
+%type exprlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type nexprlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor nexprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+exprlist(A) ::= nexprlist(A).
+exprlist(A) ::= .                            {A = 0;}
+nexprlist(A) ::= nexprlist(A) COMMA expr(Y).
+    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A,Y.pExpr);}
+nexprlist(A) ::= expr(Y).
+    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+/* A paren_exprlist is an optional expression list contained inside
+** of parenthesis */
+%type paren_exprlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor paren_exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+paren_exprlist(A) ::= .   {A = 0;}
+paren_exprlist(A) ::= LP exprlist(X) RP.  {A = X;}
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+
+
+///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= createkw(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX ifnotexists(NE) nm(X) dbnm(D)
+        ON nm(Y) LP sortlist(Z) RP where_opt(W). {
+  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, 
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y,0), Z, U,
+                      &S, W, SQLITE_SO_ASC, NE, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
+}
+
+%type uniqueflag {int}
+uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
+uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}
+
+
+// The eidlist non-terminal (Expression Id List) generates an ExprList
+// from a list of identifiers.  The identifier names are in ExprList.a[].zName.
+// This list is stored in an ExprList rather than an IdList so that it
+// can be easily sent to sqlite3ColumnsExprList().
+//
+// eidlist is grouped with CREATE INDEX because it used to be the non-terminal
+// used for the arguments to an index.  That is just an historical accident.
+//
+// IMPORTANT COMPATIBILITY NOTE:  Some prior versions of SQLite accepted
+// COLLATE clauses and ASC or DESC keywords on ID lists in inappropriate
+// places - places that might have been stored in the sqlite_master schema.
+// Those extra features were ignored.  But because they might be in some
+// (busted) old databases, we need to continue parsing them when loading
+// historical schemas.
+//
+%type eidlist {ExprList*}
+%destructor eidlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%type eidlist_opt {ExprList*}
+%destructor eidlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+%include {
+  /* Add a single new term to an ExprList that is used to store a
+  ** list of identifiers.  Report an error if the ID list contains
+  ** a COLLATE clause or an ASC or DESC keyword, except ignore the
+  ** error while parsing a legacy schema.
+  */
+  static ExprList *parserAddExprIdListTerm(
+    Parse *pParse,
+    ExprList *pPrior,
+    Token *pIdToken,
+    int hasCollate,
+    int sortOrder
+  ){
+    ExprList *p = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pPrior, 0);
+    if( (hasCollate || sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED)
+        && pParse->db->init.busy==0
+    ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "syntax error after column name \"%.*s\"",
+                         pIdToken->n, pIdToken->z);
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, p, pIdToken, 1);
+    return p;
+  }
+} // end %include
+
+eidlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
+eidlist_opt(A) ::= LP eidlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
+eidlist(A) ::= eidlist(A) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {
+  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, A, &Y, C, Z);
+}
+eidlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
+  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &Y, C, Z); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+}
+
+%type collate {int}
+collate(C) ::= .              {C = 0;}
+collate(C) ::= COLLATE ids.   {C = 1;}
+
+
+///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
+//
+cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists(E) fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X, E);}
+
+///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
+//
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+cmd ::= VACUUM.                {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
+cmd ::= VACUUM nm(X).          {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&X);}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
+
+///////////////////////////// The PRAGMA command /////////////////////////////
+//
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
+cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z).                {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,0,0);}
+cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ nmnum(Y).    {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
+cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP nmnum(Y) RP. {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
+cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ minus_num(Y). 
+                                             {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);}
+cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP minus_num(Y) RP.
+                                             {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);}
+
+nmnum(A) ::= plus_num(A).
+nmnum(A) ::= nm(A).
+nmnum(A) ::= ON(A).
+nmnum(A) ::= DELETE(A).
+nmnum(A) ::= DEFAULT(A).
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
+%token_class number INTEGER|FLOAT.
+plus_num(A) ::= PLUS number(X).       {A = X;}
+plus_num(A) ::= number(A).
+minus_num(A) ::= MINUS number(X).     {A = X;}
+//////////////////////////// The CREATE TRIGGER command /////////////////////
+
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+
+cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl(A) BEGIN trigger_cmd_list(S) END(Z). {
+  Token all;
+  all.z = A.z;
+  all.n = (int)(Z.z - A.z) + Z.n;
+  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, S, &all);
+}
+
+trigger_decl(A) ::= temp(T) TRIGGER ifnotexists(NOERR) nm(B) dbnm(Z) 
+                    trigger_time(C) trigger_event(D)
+                    ON fullname(E) foreach_clause when_clause(G). {
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &B, &Z, C, D.a, D.b, E, G, T, NOERR);
+  A = (Z.n==0?B:Z); /*A-overwrites-T*/
+}
+
+%type trigger_time {int}
+trigger_time(A) ::= BEFORE.      { A = TK_BEFORE; }
+trigger_time(A) ::= AFTER.       { A = TK_AFTER;  }
+trigger_time(A) ::= INSTEAD OF.  { A = TK_INSTEAD;}
+trigger_time(A) ::= .            { A = TK_BEFORE; }
+
+%type trigger_event {struct TrigEvent}
+%destructor trigger_event {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$.b);}
+trigger_event(A) ::= DELETE|INSERT(X).   {A.a = @X; /*A-overwrites-X*/ A.b = 0;}
+trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE(X).          {A.a = @X; /*A-overwrites-X*/ A.b = 0;}
+trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE OF idlist(X).{A.a = TK_UPDATE; A.b = X;}
+
+foreach_clause ::= .
+foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW.
+
+%type when_clause {Expr*}
+%destructor when_clause {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+when_clause(A) ::= .             { A = 0; }
+when_clause(A) ::= WHEN expr(X). { A = X.pExpr; }
+
+%type trigger_cmd_list {TriggerStep*}
+%destructor trigger_cmd_list {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
+trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= trigger_cmd_list(A) trigger_cmd(X) SEMI. {
+  assert( A!=0 );
+  A->pLast->pNext = X;
+  A->pLast = X;
+}
+trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= trigger_cmd(A) SEMI. { 
+  assert( A!=0 );
+  A->pLast = A;
+}
+
+// Disallow qualified table names on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements
+// within a trigger.  The table to INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE is always in 
+// the same database as the table that the trigger fires on.
+//
+%type trnm {Token}
+trnm(A) ::= nm(A).
+trnm(A) ::= nm DOT nm(X). {
+  A = X;
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+        "qualified table names are not allowed on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE "
+        "statements within triggers");
+}
+
+// Disallow the INDEX BY and NOT INDEXED clauses on UPDATE and DELETE
+// statements within triggers.  We make a specific error message for this
+// since it is an exception to the default grammar rules.
+//
+tridxby ::= .
+tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm. {
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+        "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
+        "within triggers");
+}
+tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED. {
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+        "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
+        "within triggers");
+}
+
+
+
+%type trigger_cmd {TriggerStep*}
+%destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
+// UPDATE 
+trigger_cmd(A) ::=
+   UPDATE orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
+   {A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R);}
+
+// INSERT
+trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S).
+   {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, S, R);/*A-overwrites-R*/}
+
+// DELETE
+trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y).
+   {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y);}
+
+// SELECT
+trigger_cmd(A) ::= select(X).
+   {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, X); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+
+// The special RAISE expression that may occur in trigger programs
+expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP IGNORE RP(Y).  {
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&Y);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
+  if( A.pExpr ){
+    A.pExpr->affinity = OE_Ignore;
+  }
+}
+expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP raisetype(T) COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
+  spanSet(&A,&X,&Y);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &Z, 1); 
+  if( A.pExpr ) {
+    A.pExpr->affinity = (char)T;
+  }
+}
+%endif  !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+
+%type raisetype {int}
+raisetype(A) ::= ROLLBACK.  {A = OE_Rollback;}
+raisetype(A) ::= ABORT.     {A = OE_Abort;}
+raisetype(A) ::= FAIL.      {A = OE_Fail;}
+
+
+////////////////////////  DROP TRIGGER statement //////////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists(NOERR) fullname(X). {
+  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,X,NOERR);
+}
+%endif  !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+
+//////////////////////// ATTACH DATABASE file AS name /////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr(F) AS expr(D) key_opt(K). {
+  sqlite3Attach(pParse, F.pExpr, D.pExpr, K);
+}
+cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr(D). {
+  sqlite3Detach(pParse, D.pExpr);
+}
+
+%type key_opt {Expr*}
+%destructor key_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+key_opt(A) ::= .                     { A = 0; }
+key_opt(A) ::= KEY expr(X).          { A = X.pExpr; }
+
+database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE.
+database_kw_opt ::= .
+%endif SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+
+////////////////////////// REINDEX collation //////////////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+cmd ::= REINDEX.                {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
+cmd ::= REINDEX nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &X, &Y);}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+
+/////////////////////////////////// ANALYZE ///////////////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
+cmd ::= ANALYZE.                {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
+cmd ::= ANALYZE nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &X, &Y);}
+%endif
+
+//////////////////////// ALTER TABLE table ... ////////////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname(X) RENAME TO nm(Z). {
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,X,&Z);
+}
+cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname
+        ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname(Y) carglist. {
+  Y.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-Y.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
+  sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &Y);
+}
+add_column_fullname ::= fullname(X). {
+  disableLookaside(pParse);
+  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, X);
+}
+kwcolumn_opt ::= .
+kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW.
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+
+//////////////////////// CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ... /////////////////////////////
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+cmd ::= create_vtab.                       {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
+cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP(X).  {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&X);}
+create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists(E)
+                nm(X) dbnm(Y) USING nm(Z). {
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, E);
+}
+vtabarglist ::= vtabarg.
+vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg.
+vtabarg ::= .                       {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
+vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken.
+vtabargtoken ::= ANY(X).            {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
+vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP(X).  {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
+lp ::= LP(X).                       {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
+anylist ::= .
+anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP.
+anylist ::= anylist ANY.
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+
+//////////////////////// COMMON TABLE EXPRESSIONS ////////////////////////////
+%type with {With*}
+%type wqlist {With*}
+%destructor with {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+%destructor wqlist {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
+
+with(A) ::= . {A = 0;}
+%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
+with(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { A = W; }
+with(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { A = W; }
+
+wqlist(A) ::= nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
+  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &X, Y, Z); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+}
+wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(A) COMMA nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
+  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, A, &X, Y, Z);
+}
+%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CTE