Implement 'covariant' modifier for dart2js.

tests/language/covariant_override_test.dart

+
+// Copyright (c) 2017, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library covariant_override_test;
+
+// This test contains cases where `covariant` is used as intended.
+
+abstract class A {
+  A(this.f1, this.f2, this.f3);
+
+  // Normal usage, "by design": superclass requests covariance.
+  void m1(covariant Object o);
+
+  // Normal usage, "ad hoc": subclass requests covariance.
+  void m2(Object o);
+
+  // Syntactic special case: omit the type in subclass.
+  void m3(Object o);
+
+  // Positional optional arguments.
+  void m4([covariant Object o]);
+  void m5([Object o]);
+  void m6([Object o]);
+
+  // Named arguments.
+  void m7({covariant Object arg});
+  void m8({Object arg});
+  void m9({Object arg});
+
+  // Normal usage on field, "by design": superclass requests covariance.
+  covariant Object f1;
+
+  // Normal usage on field, "ad hoc": subclass requests covariance.
+  Object f2;
+
+  // Syntactic special case.
+  Object f3;
+}
+
+abstract class B extends A {
+  B(num f1, num f2, num f3): super(f1, f2, f3);
+
+  void m1(num n);
+  void m2(covariant num n);
+  void m3(covariant n);
+  void m4([num n]);
+  void m5([covariant num n]);
+  void m6([covariant n]);
+  void m7({num arg});
+  void m8({covariant num arg});
+  void m9({covariant arg});
+  void set f1(num n);
+  void set f2(covariant num n);
+  void set f3(covariant n);
+}
+
+class C extends B {
+  C(int f1, int f2, int f3): super(f1, f2, f3);
+  
+  void m1(int i) {}
+  void m2(int i) {}
+  void m3(int i) {}
+  void m4([int i]) {}
+  void m5([int i]) {}
+  void m6([int i]) {}
+  void m7({int arg}) {}
+  void m8({int arg}) {}
+  void m9({int arg}) {}
+  void set f1(int i) {}
+  void set f2(int i) {}
+  void set f3(int i) {}
+}
+
+main() {
+  // For Dart 1.x, `covariant` has no runtime semantics; we just ensure
+  // that the code is not unused, such that we know it will be parsed.
+  A a = new C(39, 40, 41);
+  a.m1(42);
+  a.m2(42);
+  a.m3(42);
+  a.m4(42);
+  a.m5(42);
+  a.m6(42);
+  a.m7(arg: 42);
+  a.m8(arg: 42);
+  a.m9(arg: 42);
+  a.f1 = 42;
+  a.f2 = 42;
+  a.f3 = 42;
+}