third_party/protobuf: Update to HEAD (83d681ee2c)

third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h

Index: third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
diff --git a/third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h b/third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
index f9038550a76de64db81ae22a5307843b68638cfc..8022a9aa29be2560fb7d02c095a47efd3bbf1616 100644
--- a/third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
+++ b/third_party/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
@@ -1,64 +1,106 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
 #ifndef __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__
 #define __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__
 
 #include <php.h>
 
+// ubp.h has to be placed after php.h. Othwise, php.h will introduce NDEBUG.
 #include "upb.h"
 
 #define PHP_PROTOBUF_EXTNAME "protobuf"
-#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION "0.01"
+#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION "3.1.0a1"
+
+#define MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64 20
+#define SIZEOF_INT64 8
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Forward Declaration
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// Forward decls.
 struct DescriptorPool;
 struct Descriptor;
-struct FieldDescriptor;
 struct EnumDescriptor;
-struct MessageLayout;
+struct FieldDescriptor;
 struct MessageField;
 struct MessageHeader;
-struct MessageBuilderContext;
-struct EnumBuilderContext;
+struct MessageLayout;
+struct RepeatedField;
+struct RepeatedFieldIter;
+struct MapField;
 
 typedef struct DescriptorPool DescriptorPool;
 typedef struct Descriptor Descriptor;
-typedef struct FieldDescriptor FieldDescriptor;
-typedef struct OneofDescriptor OneofDescriptor;
 typedef struct EnumDescriptor EnumDescriptor;
-typedef struct MessageLayout MessageLayout;
+typedef struct FieldDescriptor FieldDescriptor;
 typedef struct MessageField MessageField;
 typedef struct MessageHeader MessageHeader;
-typedef struct MessageBuilderContext MessageBuilderContext;
-typedef struct OneofBuilderContext OneofBuilderContext;
-typedef struct EnumBuilderContext EnumBuilderContext;
-
-extern zend_class_entry* builder_type;
-extern zend_class_entry* descriptor_type;
-extern zend_class_entry* message_builder_context_type;
+typedef struct MessageLayout MessageLayout;
+typedef struct RepeatedField RepeatedField;
+typedef struct RepeatedFieldIter RepeatedFieldIter;
+typedef struct MapField MapField;
 
-extern DescriptorPool* generated_pool;  // The actual generated pool
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Globals.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ZEND_BEGIN_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
-  zval* generated_pool;
-  zend_object_handlers* message_handlers;
-  HashTable upb_def_to_php_obj_map;
 ZEND_END_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
 
-ZEND_DECLARE_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
+// Init module and PHP classes.
+void descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void enum_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void descriptor_pool_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_type_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void map_field_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void repeated_field_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void repeated_field_iter_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void util_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void message_init(TSRMLS_D);
 
-#ifdef ZTS
-#define PROTOBUF_G(v) TSRMG(protobuf_globals_id, zend_protobuf_globals*, v)
-#else
-#define PROTOBUF_G(v) (protobuf_globals.v)
-#endif
+// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+void add_def_obj(const void* def, zval* value);
+zval* get_def_obj(const void* def);
 
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// PHP functions and global variables.
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global map from PHP class entries to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+void add_ce_obj(const void* ce, zval* value);
+zval* get_ce_obj(const void* ce);
 
-PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+extern zend_class_entry* map_field_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* repeated_field_type;
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// PHP class structure.
+// Descriptor.
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 struct DescriptorPool {
@@ -67,72 +109,112 @@ struct DescriptorPool {
   HashTable* pending_list;
 };
 
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool);
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, internalAddGeneratedFile);
+
+extern zval* generated_pool_php;  // wrapper of generated pool
+extern DescriptorPool* generated_pool;  // The actual generated pool
+
 struct Descriptor {
   zend_object std;
   const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
   MessageLayout* layout;
-  // zval* klass;  // begins as NULL
-  // const upb_handlers* fill_handlers;
-  // const upb_pbdecodermethod* fill_method;
+  zend_class_entry* klass;  // begins as NULL
+  const upb_handlers* fill_handlers;
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* fill_method;
   const upb_handlers* pb_serialize_handlers;
-  // const upb_handlers* json_serialize_handlers;
-  // Handlers hold type class references for sub-message fields directly in some
-  // cases. We need to keep these rooted because they might otherwise be
-  // collected.
-  // zval_array typeclass_references;
 };
 
+extern zend_class_entry* descriptor_type;
+
+void descriptor_name_set(Descriptor *desc, const char *name);
+
 struct FieldDescriptor {
   zend_object std;
   const upb_fielddef* fielddef;
 };
 
-struct OneofDescriptor {
-  zend_object std;
-  const upb_oneofdef* oneofdef;
-};
-
 struct EnumDescriptor {
   zend_object std;
   const upb_enumdef* enumdef;
-  // zval* module;  // begins as NULL
+  zend_class_entry* klass;  // begins as NULL
+  // VALUE module;  // begins as nil
 };
 
+extern zend_class_entry* enum_descriptor_type;
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Native slot storage abstraction.
+// Message class creation.
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE sizeof(uint64_t)
-
-size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type);
+void* message_data(void* msg);
 
-#define MAP_KEY_FIELD 1
-#define MAP_VALUE_FIELD 2
+// Build PHP class for given descriptor. Instead of building from scratch, this
+// function modifies existing class which has been partially defined in PHP
+// code.
+void build_class_from_descriptor(zval* php_descriptor TSRMLS_DC);
 
-// Oneof case slot value to indicate that no oneof case is set. The value `0` is
-// safe because field numbers are used as case identifiers, and no field can
-// have a number of 0.
-#define ONEOF_CASE_NONE 0
-
-// These operate on a map field (i.e., a repeated field of submessages whose
-// submessage type is a map-entry msgdef).
-bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef* field);
-const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field);
-const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field);
-
-// These operate on a map-entry msgdef.
-const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
-const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+extern zend_object_handlers* message_handlers;
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Message layout / storage.
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+/*
+ * In c extension, each protobuf message is a zval instance. The zval instance
+ * is like union, which can be used to store int, string, zend_object_value and
+ * etc. For protobuf message, the zval instance is used to store the
+ * zend_object_value.
+ *
+ * The zend_object_value is composed of handlers and a handle to look up the
+ * actual stored data. The handlers are pointers to functions, e.g., read,
+ * write, and etc, to access properties.
+ *
+ * The actual data of protobuf messages is stored as MessageHeader in zend
+ * engine's central repository. Each MessageHeader instance is composed of a
+ * zend_object, a Descriptor instance and the real message data.
+ *
+ * For the reason that PHP's native types may not be large enough to store
+ * protobuf message's field (e.g., int64), all message's data is stored in
+ * custom memory layout and is indexed by the Descriptor instance.
+ *
+ * The zend_object contains the zend class entry and the properties table. The
+ * zend class entry contains all information about protobuf message's
+ * corresponding PHP class. The most useful information is the offset table of
+ * properties. Because read access to properties requires returning zval
+ * instance, we need to convert data from the custom layout to zval instance.
+ * Instead of creating zval instance for every read access, we use the zval
+ * instances in the properties table in the zend_object as cache.  When
+ * accessing properties, the offset is needed to find the zval property in
+ * zend_object's properties table. These properties will be updated using the
+ * data from custom memory layout only when reading these properties.
+ *
+ * zval
+ * |-zend_object_value obj
+ *   |-zend_object_handlers* handlers -> |-read_property_handler
+ *   |                                   |-write_property_handler
+ *   |                              ++++++++++++++++++++++
+ *   |-zend_object_handle handle -> + central repository +
+ *                                  ++++++++++++++++++++++
+ *  MessageHeader <-----------------|
+ *  |-zend_object std
+ *  | |-class_entry* ce -> class_entry
+ *  | |                    |-HashTable properties_table (name->offset)
+ *  | |-zval** properties_table <------------------------------|
+ *  |                         |------> zval* property(cache)
+ *  |-Descriptor* desc (name->offset)
+ *  |-void** data <-----------|
+ *           |-----------------------> void* property(data)
+ *
+ */
+
 #define MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE ((size_t)-1)
 
 struct MessageField {
   size_t offset;
-  size_t case_offset;  // for oneofs, a uint32. Else, MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE.
+  int cache_index;  // Each field except oneof field has a zval cache to avoid
+                    // multiple creation when being accessed.
+  size_t case_offset;   // for oneofs, a uint32. Else, MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE.
 };
 
 struct MessageLayout {
@@ -141,141 +223,246 @@ struct MessageLayout {
   size_t size;
 };
 
-void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage);
-zval* layout_get(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
-                 const upb_fielddef* field TSRMLS_DC);
+struct MessageHeader {
+  zend_object std;  // Stores properties table and class info of PHP instance.
+                    // This is needed for MessageHeader to be accessed via PHP.
+  Descriptor* descriptor;  // Kept alive by self.class.descriptor reference.
+  // The real message data is appended after MessageHeader.
+};
+
 MessageLayout* create_layout(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage,
+                 zval** properties_table TSRMLS_DC);
+zval* layout_get(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field, zval** cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void layout_set(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* header,
+                const upb_fielddef* field, zval* val TSRMLS_DC);
 void free_layout(MessageLayout* layout);
-zval* native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type, /*VALUE type_class,*/
-                      const void* memory TSRMLS_DC);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, readOneof);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, writeOneof);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, __construct);
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Message class creation.
+// Encode / Decode.
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-struct MessageHeader {
-  zend_object std;
-  Descriptor* descriptor;  // kept alive by self.class.descriptor reference.
-                           // Data comes after this.
-};
+// Maximum depth allowed during encoding, to avoid stack overflows due to
+// cycles.
+#define ENCODE_MAX_NESTING 63
+
+// Constructs the upb decoder method for parsing messages of this type.
+// This is called from the message class creation code.
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *new_fillmsg_decodermethod(Descriptor *desc,
+                                                     const void *owner);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, encode);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, decode);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Type check / conversion.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool protobuf_convert_to_int32(zval* from, int32_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_uint32(zval* from, uint32_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_int64(zval* from, int64_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_uint64(zval* from, uint64_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_float(zval* from, float* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_double(zval* from, double* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_bool(zval* from, int8_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_string(zval* from);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkInt32);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkUint32);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkInt64);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkUint64);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkEnum);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkFloat);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkDouble);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkBool);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkString);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkBytes);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkMessage);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkRepeatedField);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Native slot storage abstraction.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-struct MessageBuilderContext {
+#define NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE sizeof(uint64_t)
+
+size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type);
+bool native_slot_set(upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* klass,
+                     void* memory, zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_init(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory, zval** cache);
+// For each property, in order to avoid conversion between the zval object and
+// the actual data type during parsing/serialization, the containing message
+// object use the custom memory layout to store the actual data type for each
+// property inside of it.  To access a property from php code, the property
+// needs to be converted to a zval object. The message object is not responsible
+// for providing such a zval object. Instead the caller needs to provide one
+// (cache) and update it with the actual data (memory).
+void native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                     zval** cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_get_default(upb_fieldtype_t type, zval** cache TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+extern zend_object_handlers* map_field_handlers;
+
+typedef struct {
   zend_object std;
-  zval* descriptor;
-  zval* pool;
-};
+  upb_fieldtype_t key_type;
+  upb_fieldtype_t value_type;
+  const zend_class_entry* msg_ce;  // class entry for value message
+  upb_strtable table;
+} Map;
+
+typedef struct {
+  Map* self;
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+} MapIter;
+
+void map_begin(zval* self, MapIter* iter TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_next(MapIter* iter);
+bool map_done(MapIter* iter);
+const char* map_iter_key(MapIter* iter, int* len);
+upb_value map_iter_value(MapIter* iter, int* len);
+
+// These operate on a map-entry msgdef.
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+
+zend_object_value map_field_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_field_create_with_type(zend_class_entry *ce, const upb_fielddef *field,
+                                zval **map_field TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_field_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
+void* upb_value_memory(upb_value* v);
 
-struct OneofBuilderContext {
+#define MAP_KEY_FIELD 1
+#define MAP_VALUE_FIELD 2
+
+// These operate on a map field (i.e., a repeated field of submessages whose
+// submessage type is a map-entry msgdef).
+bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+bool map_index_set(Map *intern, const char* keyval, int length, upb_value v);
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetExists);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetGet);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetSet);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetUnset);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, count);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Repeated Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+extern zend_object_handlers* repeated_field_handlers;
+
+struct RepeatedField {
   zend_object std;
-  // VALUE descriptor;
-  // VALUE builder;
+  zval* array;
+  upb_fieldtype_t type;
+  const zend_class_entry* msg_ce;  // class entry for containing message
+                                   // (for message field only).
 };
 
-struct EnumBuilderContext {
+struct RepeatedFieldIter {
   zend_object std;
-  // VALUE enumdesc;
+  RepeatedField* repeated_field;
+  long position;
 };
 
-// Forward-declare all of the PHP method implementations.
-
-DescriptorPool* php_to_descriptor_pool(zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
-zend_object_value descriptor_pool_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_pool_free_c(DescriptorPool* object TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_pool_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_pool_init_c_instance(DescriptorPool* pool TSRMLS_DC);
-PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, addMessage);
-PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, finalize);
-
-Descriptor* php_to_descriptor(zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
-zend_object_value descriptor_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_init_c_instance(Descriptor* intern TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_free_c(Descriptor* object TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
-void descriptor_name_set(Descriptor *desc, const char *name);
+void repeated_field_create_with_type(zend_class_entry* ce,
+                                     const upb_fielddef* field,
+                                     zval** repeated_field TSRMLS_DC);
+// Return the element at the index position from the repeated field. There is
+// not restriction on the type of stored elements.
+void *repeated_field_index_native(RepeatedField *intern, int index TSRMLS_DC);
+// Add the element to the end of the repeated field. There is not restriction on
+// the type of stored elements.
+void repeated_field_push_native(RepeatedField *intern, void *value TSRMLS_DC);
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, append);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetExists);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetGet);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetSet);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetUnset);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, count);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, getIterator);
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, rewind);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, current);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, key);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, next);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, valid);
 
-MessageBuilderContext* php_to_message_builder_context(zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
-zend_object_value message_builder_context_create(
-    zend_class_entry* ce TSRMLS_DC);
-void message_builder_context_init_c_instance(
-    MessageBuilderContext* intern TSRMLS_DC);
-void message_builder_context_free_c(MessageBuilderContext* object TSRMLS_DC);
-void message_builder_context_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
-PHP_METHOD(MessageBuilderContext, optional);
-PHP_METHOD(MessageBuilderContext, finalizeToPool);
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Oneof Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-PHP_METHOD(Message, encode);
-const zend_class_entry* build_class_from_descriptor(
-    zval* php_descriptor TSRMLS_DC);
+typedef struct {
+  zend_object std;
+  upb_oneofdef* oneofdef;
+  int index;    // Index of field in oneof. -1 if not set.
+  char value[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+} Oneof;
 
-PHP_FUNCTION(get_generated_pool);
+// Oneof case slot value to indicate that no oneof case is set. The value `0` is
+// safe because field numbers are used as case identifiers, and no field can
+// have a number of 0.
+#define ONEOF_CASE_NONE 0
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
-// instances.
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Upb.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void add_def_obj(const void* def, zval* value);
-zval* get_def_obj(const void* def);
+upb_fieldtype_t to_fieldtype(upb_descriptortype_t type);
+const zend_class_entry *field_type_class(const upb_fielddef *field TSRMLS_DC);
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Utilities.
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// PHP Array utils.
-#define Z_ARRVAL_SIZE_P(zval_p) zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(zval_p))
-#define Z_ARRVAL_BEGIN_P(zval_p) Z_ARRVAL_P(zval_p)->pListHead
-#define Z_BUCKET_NEXT_PP(bucket_pp) *bucket_pp = (*bucket_pp)->pListNext
-
-#define DEFINE_PHP_OBJECT(class_name, class_name_lower, name) \
-  do {                                                        \
-    zval* name;                                               \
-    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(name);                                      \
-    object_init_ex(name, class_name_lower##_type);            \
-  } while (0)
-
-#define DEFINE_PHP_WRAPPER(class_name, class_name_lower, name, intern) \
-  zval* name;                                                          \
-  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(name);                                                 \
-  object_init_ex(name, class_name_lower##_type);                       \
-  Z_OBJVAL_P(name)                                                     \
-      .handle = zend_objects_store_put(                                \
-      intern, (zend_objects_store_dtor_t)zend_objects_destroy_object,  \
-      class_name_lower##_free, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
-
-#define DEFINE_PHP_ZVAL(name) \
-  do {                        \
-    zval* name;               \
-    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(name);      \
-  } while (0)
-
-#define DEFINE_PHP_STRING(name, value) \
-  do {                                 \
-    zval* name;                        \
-    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(name);               \
-    ZVAL_STRING(name, value, 1);       \
-  } while (0)
-
-// Upb Utilities
-
-void check_upb_status(const upb_status* status, const char* msg);
-
-#define CHECK_UPB(code, msg)             \
-  do {                                   \
-    upb_status status = UPB_STATUS_INIT; \
-    code;                                \
-    check_upb_status(&status, msg);      \
-  } while (0)
+// PHP <-> C conversion.
+#define UNBOX(class_name, val) \
+  (class_name*)zend_object_store_get_object(val TSRMLS_CC);
 
-// Memory management
+#define BOX(class_name, wrapper, intern, free_func)                    \
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(wrapper);                                              \
+  Z_TYPE_P(wrapper) = IS_OBJECT;                                       \
+  Z_OBJVAL_P(wrapper)                                                  \
+      .handle =                                                        \
+      zend_objects_store_put(intern, NULL, free_func, NULL TSRMLS_CC); \
+  Z_OBJVAL_P(wrapper).handlers = zend_get_std_object_handlers();
 
+// Memory management
 #define ALLOC(class_name) (class_name*) emalloc(sizeof(class_name))
+#define PEMALLOC(class_name) (class_name*) pemalloc(sizeof(class_name), 1)
 #define ALLOC_N(class_name, n) (class_name*) emalloc(sizeof(class_name) * n)
 #define FREE(object) efree(object)
-
-// Type Checking
-#define CHECK_TYPE(field, type)             \
-  if (Z_TYPE_P(field) != type) {            \
-    zend_error(E_ERROR, "Unexpected type"); \
-  }
+#define PEFREE(object) pefree(object, 1)
+
+// Create PHP internal instance.
+#define CREATE(class_name, intern, init_func) \
+  intern = ALLOC(class_name);                 \
+  memset(intern, 0, sizeof(class_name));      \
+  init_func(intern TSRMLS_CC);
+
+// String argument.
+#define STR(str) (str), strlen(str)
+
+// Zend Value
+#define Z_OBJ_P(zval_p)                                       \
+  ((zend_object*)(EG(objects_store)                           \
+                      .object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE_P(zval_p)] \
+                      .bucket.obj.object))
 
 #endif  // __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__