styleguide/c++/c++11.html - Issue 2466103002: Styleguide cleanup part 3.

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Issue 2466103002: Styleguide cleanup part 3. (Closed)

Patch Set: Reword Created 4 years, 1 month ago

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2 <!--	2 <!--

3 Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.	3 Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.

4 Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be	4 Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be

5 found in the LICENSE file.	5 found in the LICENSE file.

6 -->	6 -->

7 <html>	7 <html>

8 <head>	8 <head>

9 <meta charset="utf-8">	9 <meta charset="utf-8">

10 <title>C++11 use in Chromium</title>	10 <title>C++11 use in Chromium</title>

11 <link rel="stylesheet" href="c++11.css">	11 <link rel="stylesheet" href="c++11.css">

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88 <td>More intuitive parsing of template parameters</td>	88 <td>More intuitive parsing of template parameters</td>

89 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15785496/c-templates-angle-brack ets-pitfall-what-is-the-c11-fix">C++ templates angle brackets pitfall</a></td>	89 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15785496/c-templates-angle-brack ets-pitfall-what-is-the-c11-fix">C++ templates angle brackets pitfall</a></td>

90 <td>Recommended to increase readability. Approved without discussion.</td>	90 <td>Recommended to increase readability. Approved without discussion.</td>

91 </tr>	91 </tr>

92	92

93 <tr>	93 <tr>

94 <td>Arrays</td>	94 <td>Arrays</td>

95 <td><code>std::array</code></td>	95 <td><code>std::array</code></td>

96 <td>A fixed-size replacement for built-in arrays, with STL support</td>	96 <td>A fixed-size replacement for built-in arrays, with STL support</td>

97 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array">std::array</a></t d>	97 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array">std::array</a></t d>

98 <td>Useful in performance-critical situations, with small, fixed-size arrays. In most cases, consider std::vector instead. std::vector is cheaper to std::move a nd is more widely used. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/ #!topic/cxx/pVRQCRWHEU8">Discussion thread</a>.</td>	98 <td>Useful in performance-critical situations, with small, fixed-size arrays. In most cases, consider std::vector instead. std::vector is cheaper to std::move a nd is more widely used. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/ #!topic/cxx/pVRQCRWHEU8">Discussion thread</a></td>

99 </tr>	99 </tr>

100	100

101 <tr>	101 <tr>

102 <td>Automatic Types</td>	102 <td>Automatic Types</td>

103 <td><code>auto</code></td>	103 <td><code>auto</code></td>

104 <td>Automatic type deduction</td>	104 <td>Automatic type deduction</td>

105 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/auto">auto specifier</a>< /td>	105 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/auto">auto specifier</a>< /td>

106 <td><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#auto">Google Styl e Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chr omium-dev/OQyYSfH9m2M">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com /a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/5-Bt3BJzAo0">Another discussion threa d</a>.</td>	106 <td><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#auto">Google Styl e Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chr omium-dev/OQyYSfH9m2M">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com /a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/5-Bt3BJzAo0">Another discussion threa d</a></td>

107 </tr>	107 </tr>

108	108

109 <tr>	109 <tr>

110 <td>Constant Expressions</td>	110 <td>Constant Expressions</td>

111 <td><code>constexpr</code></td>	111 <td><code>constexpr</code></td>

112 <td>Compile-time constant expressions</td>	112 <td>Compile-time constant expressions</td>

113 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/constexpr">constexpr spec ifier</a></td>	113 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/constexpr">constexpr spec ifier</a></td>

114 <td>Prefer to <code>const</code> for variables where possible. Use cautiously on functions. Don't go out of the way to convert existing code. <a href="https://g oogle.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Use_of_constexpr">Google Style Guide</a ></td>	114 <td>Prefer to <code>const</code> for variables where possible. Use cautiously on functions. Don't go out of the way to convert existing code. <a href="https://g oogle.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Use_of_constexpr">Google Style Guide</a >. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/BE9xLUI-V ww">Discussion thread</a></td>

115 </tr>	115 </tr>

116	116

117 <tr>	117 <tr>

118 <td>Declared Type Accessor</td>	118 <td>Declared Type Accessor</td>

119 <td><code>decltype(<i>expression</i>)</code></td>	119 <td><code>decltype(<i>expression</i>)</code></td>

120 <td>Provides a means to determine the type of an expression at compile-time, use ful most often in templates.</td>	120 <td>Provides a means to determine the type of an expression at compile-time, use ful most often in templates.</td>

121 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/decltype">decltype specif ier</a></td>	121 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/decltype">decltype specif ier</a></td>

122 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/_zoNvZd_dSo">Discussion thread</a></td>	122 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/_zoNvZd_dSo">Discussion thread</a></td>

123 </tr>	123 </tr>

124	124

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156 <td>Provide enums as full classes, with no implicit conversion to booleans or in tegers. Provide an explicit underlying type for enum classes and regular enums.< /td>	156 <td>Provide enums as full classes, with no implicit conversion to booleans or in tegers. Provide an explicit underlying type for enum classes and regular enums.< /td>

157 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/enum">enumeration declara tion</a></td>	157 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/enum">enumeration declara tion</a></td>

158 <td>Enum classes are still enums and follow enum naming rules (which means SHOUT Y_CASE in the <a href="http://www.chromium.org/developers/coding-style#Naming">C hromium Style Guide</a>). <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/Q5WmkAImanc">Discussion thread</a></td>	158 <td>Enum classes are still enums and follow enum naming rules (which means SHOUT Y_CASE in the <a href="http://www.chromium.org/developers/coding-style#Naming">C hromium Style Guide</a>). <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/Q5WmkAImanc">Discussion thread</a></td>

159 </tr>	159 </tr>

160	160

161 <tr>	161 <tr>

162 <td>Explicit Conversion Operators</td>	162 <td>Explicit Conversion Operators</td>

163 <td><code>explicit operator <i>type</i>() { ... }</code></td>	163 <td><code>explicit operator <i>type</i>() { ... }</code></td>

164 <td>Allows conversion operators that cannot be implicitly invoked</td>	164 <td>Allows conversion operators that cannot be implicitly invoked</td>

165 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/explicit">explicit specif ier</a></td>	165 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/explicit">explicit specif ier</a></td>

166 <td>Prefer to the "safe bool" idiom. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromi um.org/d/msg/chromium-dev/zGF1SrQ-1HQ/BAiC12vwPeEJ">Discussion thread</a></td>	166 <td>Prefer to the "safe bool" idiom. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromi um.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/zGF1SrQ-1HQ">Discussion thread</a></td>

167 </tr>	167 </tr>

168	168

169 <tr>	169 <tr>

170 <td>Final Specifier</td>	170 <td>Final Specifier</td>

171 <td><code>final</code></td>	171 <td><code>final</code></td>

172 <td> Indicates that a class or function is final and cannot be overridden</td>	172 <td> Indicates that a class or function is final and cannot be overridden</td>

173 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/final">final specifier</a ></td>	173 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/final">final specifier</a ></td>

174 <td>Recommended for new code. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/ forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/VTNZzizN0zo">Discussion thread</a></td>	174 <td>Recommended for new code. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/ forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/VTNZzizN0zo">Discussion thread</a></td>

175 </tr>	175 </tr>

176	176

177 <tr>	177 <tr>

178 <td>Function Suppression</td>	178 <td>Function Suppression</td>

179 <td><code><i>Function</i>(<i>arguments</i>) = delete;</code></td>	179 <td><code><i>Function</i>(<i>arguments</i>) = delete;</code></td>

180 <td>Suppresses the implementation of a function, especially a synthetic function such as a copy constructor</td>	180 <td>Suppresses the implementation of a function, especially a synthetic function such as a copy constructor</td>

181 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/function#Deleted_function s">Deleted functions</a></td>	181 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/function#Deleted_function s">Deleted functions</a></td>

182 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /i1o7-RNRnMs">Discussion thread</a></td>	182 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /i1o7-RNRnMs">Discussion thread</a></td>

183 </tr>	183 </tr>

184	184

185 <tr>	185 <tr>

186 <td>Lambda Expressions</td>	186 <td>Lambda Expressions</td>

187 <td><code>[<i>captures</i>](<i>params</i>) -> <i>ret</i> { <i>body</i> }</cod e></td>	187 <td><code>[<i>captures</i>](<i>params</i>) -> <i>ret</i> { <i>body</i> }</cod e></td>

188 <td>Anonymous functions</td>	188 <td>Anonymous functions</td>

189 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/lambda">Lambda functions< /a></td>	189 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/lambda">Lambda functions< /a></td>

190 <td>Do not bind or store capturing lambdas outside the lifetime of the stack fra me they are defined in. Captureless lambdas can be used with <code>base::Callbac k</code>, such as <code>base::Bind([](int j){}, i);</code>, because they offer p rotection against a large class of object lifetime mistakes. Don't use default c aptures (<code>[=]</code>, <code>[&]</code> – <a href="https://google. github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Lambda_expressions">Google Style Guide</a>). Lambdas are typically useful as a parameter to methods or functions that will us e them immediately, such as those in <code><algorithm></code>. <a href="ht tps://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/D9UnnxBnciQ">D iscussion thread</a>, <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#! topic/cxx/QxjsPELDYdQ">uncapturing thread</a>.	190 <td>Lambdas are typically useful as a parameter to methods or functions that wil l use them immediately, such as those in <code><algorithm></code>. Be care ful with default captures (<code>[=]</code>, <code>[&]</code>), and do not b ind or store any capturing lambdas outside the lifetime of the stack frame they are defined in; use <code>base::Callback</code> for this instead, as it helps pr event object lifetime mistakes. (Captureless lambdas can be used with <code>base ::Bind</code> as they do not have the same risks.) <a href="https://google.githu b.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Lambda_expressions">Google Style Guide</a>. <a hre f="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/D9UnnxBnc iQ">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/for um/#!topic/cxx/QxjsPELDYdQ">Another discussion thread</a> (about captureless lam bdas and <code>base::Bind</code>).</td>

191 </td>

192 </tr>	191 </tr>

193	192

194 <tr>	193 <tr>

195 <td>Local Types as Template Arguments</td>	194 <td>Local Types as Template Arguments</td>

196 <td><code>void func() {<br />	195 <td><code>void func() {<br />

197   class Pred {<br />	196   class Pred {<br />

198    public:<br />	197    public:<br />

199     bool operator()(const T&) { ... }<br />	198     bool operator()(const T&) { ... }<br />

200   };<br />	199   };<br />

201   std::remove_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), Pred());</code></td>	200   std::remove_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), Pred());</code></td>

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220 <td>Allows non-static class members to be initialized at their definitions (outs ide constructors)</td>	219 <td>Allows non-static class members to be initialized at their definitions (outs ide constructors)</td>

221 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/data_members">Non-static data members</a></td>	220 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/data_members">Non-static data members</a></td>

222 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /zqB-DySA4V0">Discussion thread</a></td>	221 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /zqB-DySA4V0">Discussion thread</a></td>

223 </tr>	222 </tr>

224	223

225 <tr>	224 <tr>

226 <td>Null Pointer Constant</td>	225 <td>Null Pointer Constant</td>

227 <td><code>nullptr</code></td>	226 <td><code>nullptr</code></td>

228 <td>Declares a type-safe null pointer</td>	227 <td>Declares a type-safe null pointer</td>

229 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/nullptr">nullptr, the poi nter literal</a></td>	228 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/nullptr">nullptr, the poi nter literal</a></td>

230 <td>Prefer over <code>NULL</code> or <code>0</code>. <a href="https://groups.goo gle.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/4mijeJHzxLg">Discussion thread </a>. <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#0_and_nullptr/N ULL">Google Style Guide</a>. <code>std::nullptr_t</code> can be used too.</td>	229 <td>Prefer over <code>NULL</code> or <code>0</code>. <a href="https://google.git hub.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#0_and_nullptr/NULL">Google Style Guide</a>. <a h ref="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/4mijeJH zxLg">Discussion thread</a></td>

231 </tr>	230 </tr>

232	231

233 <tr>	232 <tr>

234 <td>Override Specifier</td>	233 <td>Override Specifier</td>

235 <td><code>override</code></td>	234 <td><code>override</code></td>

236 <td>Indicates that a class or function overrides a base implementation</td>	235 <td>Indicates that a class or function overrides a base implementation</td>

237 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/override">override specif ier</a></td>	236 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/override">override specif ier</a></td>

238 <td>Recommended for new code. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/ forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/VTNZzizN0zo">Discussion thread</a></td>	237 <td>Recommended for new code. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/ forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/VTNZzizN0zo">Discussion thread</a></td>

239 </tr>	238 </tr>

240	239

241 <tr>	240 <tr>

242 <td>Range-Based For Loops</td>	241 <td>Range-Based For Loops</td>

243 <td><code>for (<i>type</i> <i>var</i> : <i>range</i>)</code></td>	242 <td><code>for (<i>type</i> <i>var</i> : <i>range</i>)</code></td>

244 <td>Facilitates a more concise syntax for iterating over the elements of a conta iner (or a range of iterators) in a <code>for</code> loop</td>	243 <td>Facilitates a more concise syntax for iterating over the elements of a conta iner (or a range of iterators) in a <code>for</code> loop</td>

245 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/range-for">Range-based fo r loop</a></td>	244 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/range-for">Range-based fo r loop</a></td>

246 <td>As a rule of thumb, use <code>for (const auto& ...)</code>, <code>for (auto& ...)</code>, or <code>for (<i>concrete type</i> ...)</code>. For pointers, use <code>for (auto* ...)</code> to make clear that the copy of the loop variable is intended, and only a pointer is copied. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ch romium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/hpzz4EqbVmc">Discussion thread</a></td>	245 <td>As a rule of thumb, use <code>for (const auto& ...)</code>, <code>for (auto& ...)</code>, or <code>for (<i>concrete type</i> ...)</code>. For pointers, use <code>for (auto* ...)</code> to make clear that the copy of the loop variable is intended, and only a pointer is copied. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ch romium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/hpzz4EqbVmc">Discussion thread</a></td>

247 </tr>	246 </tr>

248	247

249 <tr>	248 <tr>

250 <td>Rvalue References</td>	249 <td>Rvalue References</td>

251 <td><code>T(T&& t)</code> and <code>T& operator=(T&& t)<br/> <br/>	250 <td><code>T(T&& t)</code> and <code>T& operator=(T&& t)<br/> <br/>

252 template <typename T><br/>void Function(T&& t) { ... }</code></td>	251 template <typename T><br/>void Function(T&& t) { ... }</code></td>

253 <td>Reference that only binds to a temporary object</td>	252 <td>Reference that only binds to a temporary object</td>

254 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/reference#Rvalue_referenc es">Rvalue references</a></td>	253 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/reference#Rvalue_referenc es">Rvalue references</a></td>

255 <td>As per the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Rvalue _references">Google Style Guide</a>: Only use these to define move constructors and move assignment operators, and for perfect forwarding. Most classes should n ot be copyable, even if movable. Continue to use DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN in mos t cases. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/d/topic/chromium-dev/ UnRaORb4TSw">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromiu m.org/d/topic/cxx/Q526tkruXpM">Another discussion thread</a>.</td>	254 <td>Only use these to define move constructors and move assignment operators, an d for perfect forwarding. Most classes should not be copyable, even if movable. Continue to use DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN in most cases. <a href="https://google. github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Rvalue_references">Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/UnRaO Rb4TSw">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org /forum/#!topic/cxx/Q526tkruXpM">Another discussion thread</a></td>

256 </tr>	255 </tr>

257	256

258 <tr>	257 <tr>

259 <td>Standard Integers</td>	258 <td>Standard Integers</td>

260 <td>Typedefs within <code><stdint.h></code> and <code><inttypes></co de></td>	259 <td>Typedefs within <code><stdint.h></code> and <code><inttypes></co de></td>

261 <td>Provides fixed-size integers independent of platforms</td>	260 <td>Provides fixed-size integers independent of platforms</td>

262 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/cstdint">Standard library h eader <cstdint></a></td>	261 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/cstdint">Standard library h eader <cstdint></a></td>

263 <td>Already in common use in the codebase. Approved without discussion.</td>	262 <td>Approved without discussion. Required by the <a href="http://google.github.i o/styleguide/cppguide.html#Integer_Types">Google Style Guide</a>.</td>

264 </tr>	263 </tr>

265	264

266 <tr>	265 <tr>

267 <td>Static Assertions</td>	266 <td>Static Assertions</td>

268 <td><code>static_assert(<i>bool</i>, <i>string</i>)</code></td>	267 <td><code>static_assert(<i>bool</i>, <i>string</i>)</code></td>

269 <td>Tests compile-time conditions</td>	268 <td>Tests compile-time conditions</td>

270 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/static_assert">Static Ass ertion</a></td>	269 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/static_assert">Static Ass ertion</a></td>

271 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /POISBQEhGzU">Discussion thread</a></td>	270 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /POISBQEhGzU">Discussion thread</a></td>

272 </tr>	271 </tr>

273	272

274 <tr>	273 <tr>

275 <td>Trailing Return Types</td>	274 <td>Trailing Return Types</td>

276 <td><code>auto <i>function declaration</i> -> <i>return_type</i></code></td>	275 <td><code>auto <i>function declaration</i> -> <i>return_type</i></code></td>

277 <td>Allows trailing function return value syntax</td>	276 <td>Allows trailing function return value syntax</td>

278 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/function">Declaring funct ions</a></td>	277 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/function">Declaring funct ions</a></td>

279 <td>Use only where it considerably improves readability. <a href="https://groups .google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/OQyYSfH9m2M">Discussion th read</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/Lk p0nubVd0Q">Another discussion thread.</a></td>	278 <td>Use only where it considerably improves readability. <a href="https://groups .google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/OQyYSfH9m2M">Discussion th read</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/Lk p0nubVd0Q">Another discussion thread</a></td>

280 </tr>	279 </tr>

281	280

282 <tr>	281 <tr>

283 <td>Type Aliases ("using" instead of "typedef")</td>	282 <td>Type Aliases ("using" instead of "typedef")</td>

284 <td><code>using <i>new_alias</i> = <i>typename</i></code></td>	283 <td><code>using <i>new_alias</i> = <i>typename</i></code></td>

285 <td>Allows parameterized typedefs</td>	284 <td>Allows parameterized typedefs</td>

286 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/type_alias">Type alias, a lias template</a></td>	285 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/type_alias">Type alias, a lias template</a></td>

287 <td>Use instead of typedef, unless the header needs to be compatible with C. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/8dOAMz gR4ao">Discussion thread</a></td>	286 <td>Use instead of typedef, unless the header needs to be compatible with C. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/8dOAMz gR4ao">Discussion thread</a></td>

288 </tr>	287 </tr>

289	288

290 <tr>	289 <tr>

291 <td>Uniform Initialization Syntax</td>	290 <td>Uniform Initialization Syntax</td>

292 <td><code><i>type</i> <i>name</i> {[<i>value</i> ..., <i>value</i>]};</code></td >	291 <td><code><i>type</i> <i>name</i> {[<i>value</i> ..., <i>value</i>]};</code></td >

293 <td>Allows any object of primitive, aggregate or class type to be initialized us ing brace syntax</td>	292 <td>Allows any object of primitive, aggregate or class type to be initialized us ing brace syntax</td>

294 <td><a href="http://www.stroustrup.com/C++11FAQ.html#uniform-init">Uniform initi alization syntax and semantics</a></td>	293 <td><a href="http://www.stroustrup.com/C++11FAQ.html#uniform-init">Uniform initi alization syntax and semantics</a></td>

295 <td>See the <a href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/coding-style/cpp-dos-an d-donts?pli=1#TOC-Variable-initialization">Chromium C++ Dos And Don'ts guidance< /a> on when to use this. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum /#!topic/chromium-dev/GF96FshwHLw">Discussion thread</a></td>	294 <td>See the <a href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/coding-style/cpp-dos-an d-donts?pli=1#TOC-Variable-initialization">Chromium C++ Dos And Don'ts guidance< /a> on when to use this. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum /#!topic/chromium-dev/GF96FshwHLw">Discussion thread</a></td>

296 </tr>	295 </tr>

297	296

298 <tr>	297 <tr>

299 <td>Union Class Members</td>	298 <td>Union Class Members</td>

300 <td><code>union <i>name</i> {<i>class</i> <i>var</i>}</code></td>	299 <td><code>union <i>name</i> {<i>class</i> <i>var</i>}</code></td>

301 <td>Allows class type members</td>	300 <td>Allows class type members</td>

302 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/union">Union declaration< /a></td>	301 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/union">Union declaration< /a></td>

303 <td>Usage should be rare.</td>	302 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/cxx/3oK78s1ntgU">Discussion thread</a></td>

304 </tr>	303 </tr>

305	304

306 <tr>	305 <tr>

307 <td>Variadic Macros</td>	306 <td>Variadic Macros</td>

308 <td><code>#define <i>MACRO</i>(...) <i>Impl</i>(<i>args</i>, __VA_ARGS__)</code> </td>	307 <td><code>#define <i>MACRO</i>(...) <i>Impl</i>(<i>args</i>, __VA_ARGS__)</code> </td>

309 <td>Allows macros that accept a variable number of arguments</td>	308 <td>Allows macros that accept a variable number of arguments</td>

310 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4786649/are-variadic-macros-nons tandard">Are Variadic macros nonstandard?</a></td>	309 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4786649/are-variadic-macros-nons tandard">Are Variadic macros nonstandard?</a></td>

311 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/sRx9j3CQqyA">Discussion thread</a></td>	310 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/chromium-dev/sRx9j3CQqyA">Discussion thread</a></td>

312 </tr>	311 </tr>

313	312

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327 <p>The following library features are currently allowed.</p>	326 <p>The following library features are currently allowed.</p>

328	327

329 <table id="whitelist_lib_list" class="unlined striped">	328 <table id="whitelist_lib_list" class="unlined striped">

330 <tbody>	329 <tbody>

331	330

332 <tr>	331 <tr>

333 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature or Library</th>	332 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature or Library</th>

334 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>	333 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>

335 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>	334 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>

336 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>	335 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>

337 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes</th>	336 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes and Discussion Thread</th>

338 </tr>	337 </tr>

339	338

340 <tr>	339 <tr>

341 <td>Access to underlying <code>std::vector</code> data</td>	340 <td>Access to underlying <code>std::vector</code> data</td>

342 <td><code>v.data()</code></td>	341 <td><code>v.data()</code></td>

343 <td>Returns a pointer to a <code>std::vector</code>'s underlying data, accountin g for empty vectors.</td>	342 <td>Returns a pointer to a <code>std::vector</code>'s underlying data, accountin g for empty vectors.</td>

344 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/data">std::vector ::data</a></td>	343 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/data">std::vector ::data</a></td>

345 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/16V7fmtb zok">Discussion thread</a></td>	344 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/16V7fmtb zok">Discussion thread</a></td>

346 </tr>	345 </tr>

347	346

348 <tr>	347 <tr>

349 <td>Algorithms</td>	348 <td>Algorithms</td>

350 <td>All C++11 features in <code><algorithm></code>:<br/>	349 <td>All C++11 features in <code><algorithm></code>:<br/>

351 <code>all_of</code>, <code>any_of</code>, <code>none_of</code><br/>	350 <code>all_of</code>, <code>any_of</code>, <code>none_of</code><br/>

352 <code>find_if_not</code><br/>	351 <code>find_if_not</code><br/>

353 <code>copy_if</code>, <code>copy_n</code><br/>	352 <code>copy_if</code>, <code>copy_n</code><br/>

354 <code>move</code>, <code>move_backward</code> (see note)<br/>	353 <code>move</code>, <code>move_backward</code> (see note)<br/>

355 <code>shuffle</code><br/>	354 <code>shuffle</code><br/>

356 <code>is_partitioned</code>, <code>partition_copy</code>, <code>partition_point< /code><br/>	355 <code>is_partitioned</code>, <code>partition_copy</code>, <code>partition_point< /code><br/>

357 <code>is_sorted</code>, <code>is_sorted_until</code><br/>	356 <code>is_sorted</code>, <code>is_sorted_until</code><br/>

358 <code>is_heap</code>, <code>is_heap_until</code><br/>	357 <code>is_heap</code>, <code>is_heap_until</code><br/>

359 <code>minmax</code>, <code>minmax_element</code><br/>	358 <code>minmax</code>, <code>minmax_element</code><br/>

360 <code>is_permutation<br/></td>	359 <code>is_permutation<br/></td>

361 <td>Safe and performant implementations of common algorithms</td>	360 <td>Safe and performant implementations of common algorithms</td>

362 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/algorithm">Standard library header <algorithm></a></td>	361 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/algorithm">Standard library header <algorithm></a></td>

363 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/UJQk8S1I uHk">Discussion thread</a><br/> Note that <algorithm> contains a range-bas ed <code>move</code> method. This is allowed, but because people may confuse it with the single-arg <code>std::move</code>, there is often a way to write code w ithout it that is more readable. <a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.o rg/forum/#!topic/cxx/8WzmtYrZvQ8'>Discussion thread</a></td>	362 <td>Note that <algorithm> contains a range-based <code>move</code> method. This is allowed, but because people may confuse it with the single-arg <code>st d::move</code>, there is often a way to write code without it that is more reada ble. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/UJQk8S1 IuHk">Discussion thread</a>. <a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/f orum/#!topic/cxx/8WzmtYrZvQ8'>Another discussion thread</a></td>

364 </tr>	363 </tr>

365	364

366 <tr>	365 <tr>

367 <td>Begin and End Non-Member Functions</td>	366 <td>Begin and End Non-Member Functions</td>

368 <td><code>std::begin()</code>, <code>std::end()</code></td>	367 <td><code>std::begin()</code>, <code>std::end()</code></td>

369 <td>Allows use of free functions on any container, including fixed-size arrays</ td>	368 <td>Allows use of free functions on any container, including fixed-size arrays</ td>

370 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/begin">std::begin</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/end">std::end</a></td>	369 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/begin">std::begin</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/end">std::end</a></td>

371 <td>Useful for fixed-size arrays. Note that non-member <code>cbegin()</code> and <code>cend()</code> are not available until C++14. <a href="https://groups.goog le.com/a/chromium.org/d/topic/cxx/5iFNE8P5qT4/discussion">Discussion thread</a>< /td>	370 <td>Useful for fixed-size arrays. Note that non-member <code>cbegin()</code> and <code>cend()</code> are not available until C++14. <a href="https://groups.goog le.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/5iFNE8P5qT4">Discussion thread</a></td>

372 </tr>	371 </tr>

373	372

374 <tr>	373 <tr>

375 <td>Conditional Type Selection</td>	374 <td>Conditional Type Selection</td>

376 <td><code>std::enable_if</code>, <code>std::conditional</code></td>	375 <td><code>std::enable_if</code>, <code>std::conditional</code></td>

377 <td>Enables compile-time conditional type selection</td>	376 <td>Enables compile-time conditional type selection</td>

378 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/enable_if">std::enable_if</a >, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/conditional">conditional</a>< /td>	377 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/enable_if">std::enable_if</a >, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/conditional">conditional</a>< /td>

379 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/cxx/vCxo4tZNd_M'>Discussion thread</a></td>	378 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/foru m/#!topic/cxx/vCxo4tZNd_M'>Discussion thread</a></td>

380 </tr>	379 </tr>

381	380

382 <tr>	381 <tr>

383 <td>Constant Iterator Methods on Containers</td>	382 <td>Constant Iterator Methods on Containers</td>

384 <td>E.g. <code>std::vector::cbegin()</code>, <code>std::vector::cend()</code></t d>	383 <td>E.g. <code>std::vector::cbegin()</code>, <code>std::vector::cend()</code></t d>

385 <td>Allows more widespread use of <code>const_iterator</code></td>	384 <td>Allows more widespread use of <code>const_iterator</code></td>

386 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/begin">std::vecto r::cbegin</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/end">s td::vector::cend<a></td>	385 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/begin">std::vecto r::cbegin</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/end">s td::vector::cend<a></td>

387 <td>Applies to all containers, not just <code>vector</code>. Consider using <cod e>const_iterator</code> over <code>iterator</code> where possible for the same r eason as using <code>const</code> variables and functions where possible; see Ef fective Modern C++ item 13 for motivation. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ chromium.org/d/topic/cxx/cS83F_buqLM/discussion">Discussion thread</a></td>	386 <td>Applies to all containers, not just <code>vector</code>. Consider using <cod e>const_iterator</code> over <code>iterator</code> where possible for the same r eason as using <code>const</code> variables and functions where possible; see Ef fective Modern C++ item 13. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/fo rum/#!topic/cxx/cS83F_buqLM">Discussion thread</a></td>

388 </tr>	387 </tr>

389	388

390 <tr>	389 <tr>

391 <td>Containers containing move-only types</td>

392 <td><code>vector<scoped_ptr></code></td>

393 <td>Enables containers that contain move-only types like <code>scoped_ptr</code> </td>

394 <td>TODO</td>

395 <td>Prefer over <a href="http://crbug.com/554289">ScopedVector</a>.</td>

396 </tr>

397

398 <tr>

399 <td>Declared Type As Value</td>	390 <td>Declared Type As Value</td>

400 <td><code>std::declval<<i>class</i>>()</code></td>	391 <td><code>std::declval<<i>class</i>>()</code></td>

401 <td>Converts a type to a reference of the type to allow use of members of the ty pe without constructing it in templates.</td>	392 <td>Converts a type to a reference of the type to allow use of members of the ty pe without constructing it in templates.</td>

402 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/declval">std::declval</a>< /td>	393 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/declval">std::declval</a>< /td>

403 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/d/to pic/cxx/ku6lYjk0-OU/discussion">Discussion thread</a></td>	394 <td>Usage should be rare. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/d/to pic/cxx/ku6lYjk0-OU/discussion">Discussion thread</a></td>

404 </tr>	395 </tr>

405	396

406 <tr>	397 <tr>

407 <td>Emplacement methods for containers</td>	398 <td>Emplacement methods for containers</td>

408 <td><code>emplace()</code>, <code>emplace_back()</code>, <code>emplace_front()</ code>, <code>emplace_hint()</code></td>	399 <td><code>emplace()</code>, <code>emplace_back()</code>, <code>emplace_front()</ code>, <code>emplace_hint()</code></td>

409 <td>Constructs elements directly within a container without a copy or a move. Le ss verbose than <code>push_back()</code> due to not naming the type being constr ucted.</td>	400 <td>Constructs elements directly within a container without a copy or a move. Le ss verbose than <code>push_back()</code> due to not naming the type being constr ucted.</td>

410 <td>E.g. <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/emplace_back ">std::vector::emplace_back</a></td>	401 <td>E.g. <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/emplace_back ">std::vector::emplace_back</a></td>

411 <td><code>std::map::emplace()</code> is not yet available on all libstdc++ versi ons we support. When using emplacement for performance reasons, your type should probably be movable (since e.g. a vector of it might be resized); given a movab le type, then, consider whether you really need to avoid the move done by <code> push_back()</code>. For readability concerns, treat like <code>auto</code>; some times the brevity over <code>push_back()</code> is a win, sometimes a loss. <a h ref="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/m3cblzEta7A">Dis cussion thread</a></td>	402 <td><code>std::map::emplace()</code> is not yet available on all libstdc++ versi ons we support. When using emplacement for performance reasons, your type should probably be movable (since e.g. a vector of it might be resized); given a movab le type, then, consider whether you really need to avoid the move done by <code> push_back()</code>. For readability concerns, treat like <code>auto</code>; some times the brevity over <code>push_back()</code> is a win, sometimes a loss. <a h ref="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/m3cblzEta7A">Dis cussion thread</a></td>

412 </tr>	403 </tr>

413	404

414 <tr>	405 <tr>

415 <td>Forwarding references</td>	406 <td>Forwarding references</td>

416 <td><code>std::forward()</code></td>	407 <td><code>std::forward()</code></td>

417 <td>Perfectly forwards arguments (including rvalues)</td>	408 <td>Perfectly forwards arguments (including rvalues)</td>

418 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/forward">std::forward</a>< /td>	409 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/forward">std::forward</a>< /td>

419 <td>Allowed, though usage should be rare (primarily for forwarding constructor a rguments, or in carefully reviewed library code). <a href="https://groups.google .com/a/chromium.org/d/topic/cxx/-O7euklhSxs/discussion">Discussion thread</a>	410 <td>Allowed, though usage should be rare (primarily for forwarding constructor a rguments, or in carefully reviewed library code). <a href="https://groups.google .com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/-O7euklhSxs">Discussion thread</a>

420 </td>	411 </td>

421 </tr>	412 </tr>

422	413

423 <tr>	414 <tr>

424 <td>Initializer Lists</td>	415 <td>Initializer Lists</td>

425 <td><code>std::initializer_list<T></code></td>	416 <td><code>std::initializer_list<T></code></td>

426 <td>Allows containers to be initialized with aggregate elements</td>	417 <td>Allows containers to be initialized with aggregate elements</td>

427 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/initializer_list">std::ini tializer_list</a></td>	418 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/initializer_list">std::ini tializer_list</a></td>

428 <td>Be cautious adding new constructors which take these, as they can hide non-i nitializer_list constructors in undesirable ways; see Effective Modern C++ Item 7 for more.</td>	419 <td>Be cautious adding new constructors which take these, as they can hide non-i nitializer_list constructors in undesirable ways; see Effective Modern C++ Item 7. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/TQQ-L51_n aM">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/for um/#!topic/cxx/UpiCpuu9UNc">Another discussion thread</a></td>

429 </tr>	420 </tr>

430	421

431 <tr>	422 <tr>

432 <td>Math functions</td>	423 <td>Math functions</td>

433 <td>All C++11 features in <code><cmath></code>, e.g.:<br/>	424 <td>All C++11 features in <code><cmath></code>, e.g.:<br/>

434 <code>INFINITY</code>, <code>NAN</code>, <code>FP_NAN</code><br/>	425 <code>INFINITY</code>, <code>NAN</code>, <code>FP_NAN</code><br/>

435 <code>float_t</code>, <code>double_t</code><br/>	426 <code>float_t</code>, <code>double_t</code><br/>

436 <code>fmax</code>, <code>fmin</code>, <code>trunc</code>, <code>round</code><br/ >	427 <code>fmax</code>, <code>fmin</code>, <code>trunc</code>, <code>round</code><br/ >

437 <code>isinf</code>, <code>isnan</code><br/></td>	428 <code>isinf</code>, <code>isnan</code><br/></td>

438 <td>Useful for math-related code</td>	429 <td>Useful for math-related code</td>

439 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/cmath">Standard library hea der <cmath></a></td>	430 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/cmath">Standard library hea der <cmath></a></td>

440 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/P-1bFBXM eUk">Discussion thread</a></td>	431 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/P-1bFBXM eUk">Discussion thread</a></td>

441 </tr>	432 </tr>

442	433

443 <tr>	434 <tr>

444 <td>Move Iterator Adaptor</td>	435 <td>Move Iterator Adaptor</td>

445 <td><code>std::make_move_iterator()</code></td>	436 <td><code>std::make_move_iterator()</code></td>

446 <td>Wraps an iterator so that it moves objects instead of copying them.</td>	437 <td>Wraps an iterator so that it moves objects instead of copying them.</td>

447 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/make_move_iterator">std:: make_move_iterator</a></td>	438 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/make_move_iterator">std:: make_move_iterator</a></td>

448 <td>Useful to move objects between containers that contain move-only types like <code>scoped_ptr</code>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum /#!topic/cxx/lccnUljOHQU">Discussion thread</a></td>	439 <td>Useful to move objects between containers that contain move-only types like <code>std::unique_ptr</code>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/ forum/#!topic/cxx/lccnUljOHQU">Discussion thread</a></td>

449 </tr>	440 </tr>

450	441

451 <tr>	442 <tr>

452 <td>Move Semantics</td>	443 <td>Move Semantics</td>

453 <td><code>std::move()</code></td>	444 <td><code>std::move()</code></td>

454 <td>Facilitates efficient move operations</td>	445 <td>Facilitates efficient move operations</td>

455 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move">std::move</a></td>	446 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move">std::move</a></td>

456 <td><a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/x_dWFxJF dbM'>Discussion thread</a></td>	447 <td><a href='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/x_dWFxJF dbM'>Discussion thread</a></td>

457 </tr>	448 </tr>

458	449

459 <tr>	450 <tr>

	451 <td>Null Pointer Type</td>

	452 <td><code>std::nullptr_t</code></td>

	453 <td>Allows referencing the type of <code>nullptr</code>, e.g. in templates</td>

	454 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/nullptr_t">std::nullptr_t</a ></td>

	455 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev /UNaXc8R7eJ0">Discussion thread</a></td>

	456 </tr>

	457

	458 <tr>

460 <td>String Direct Reference Functions</td>	459 <td>String Direct Reference Functions</td>

461 <td><code>std::string::front()</code>, <code>std::string::back()</code></td>	460 <td><code>std::string::front()</code>, <code>std::string::back()</code></td>

462 <td>Returns a reference to the front or back of a string</td>	461 <td>Returns a reference to the front or back of a string</td>

463 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/front">std::ba sic_string::front</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_st ring/back">std::basic_string::back</a></td>	462 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/front">std::ba sic_string::front</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_st ring/back">std::basic_string::back</a></td>

464 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/DRJuROAY CV4">Discussion thread</a></td>	463 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/DRJuROAY CV4">Discussion thread</a></td>

465 </tr>	464 </tr>

466	465

467 <tr>	466 <tr>

468 <td>Type Traits</td>	467 <td>Type Traits</td>

469 <td>All C++11 features in <code><type_traits></code> except for aligned st orage (see separate item), e.g.:<br/>	468 <td>All C++11 features in <code><type_traits></code> except for aligned st orage (see separate item), e.g.:<br/>

470 <code>integral_constant</code><br/>	469 <code>integral_constant</code><br/>

471 <code>is_floating_point</code>, <code>is_rvalue_reference</code>, <code>is_scala r</code><br/>	470 <code>is_floating_point</code>, <code>is_rvalue_reference</code>, <code>is_scala r</code><br/>

472 <code>is_const</code>, <code>is_pod</code>, <code>is_unsigned</code><br/>	471 <code>is_const</code>, <code>is_pod</code>, <code>is_unsigned</code><br/>

473 <code>is_default_constructible</code>, <code>is_move_constructible</code>, <code >is_copy_assignable</code><br/>	472 <code>is_default_constructible</code>, <code>is_move_constructible</code>, <code >is_copy_assignable</code><br/>

474 <code>enable_if</code>, <code>conditional</code>, <code>result_of</code><br/></t d>	473 <code>enable_if</code>, <code>conditional</code>, <code>result_of</code><br/></t d>

475 <td>Allows compile-time inspection of the properties of types</td>	474 <td>Allows compile-time inspection of the properties of types</td>

476 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/type_traits">Standard libra ry header <type_traits></a></td>	475 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/type_traits">Standard libra ry header <type_traits></a></td>

477 <td>Note that not all type traits are available on all platforms (e.g. <code>std ::underlying_type</code> doesn't work in libstdc++4.6). Use judiciously. <a href ='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/vCxo4tZNd_M'>Discus sion thread</a></td>	476 <td>Note that not all type traits are available on all platforms (e.g. <code>std ::underlying_type</code> doesn't work in libstdc++ 4.6). Use judiciously. <a hre f='https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/vCxo4tZNd_M'>Discu ssion thread</a></td>

478 </tr>	477 </tr>

479	478

480 <tr>	479 <tr>

481 <td>Tuples</td>	480 <td>Tuples</td>

482 <td>All C++11 features in <code><tuple></code>, e.g. <code>std::tie</code> and <code>std::tuple</code>.</td>	481 <td>All C++11 features in <code><tuple></code>, e.g. <code>std::tie</code> and <code>std::tuple</code>.</td>

483 <td>A fixed-size ordered collection of values of mixed types</td>	482 <td>A fixed-size ordered collection of values of mixed types</td>

484 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/tuple">Standard library hea der <tuple></a></td>	483 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/tuple">Standard library hea der <tuple></a></td>

485 <td>Use <code>base::get</code> instead of <code>std::get</code> in case the <cod e>std::tuple</code> may be a rvalue-reference.	484 <td>libstdc++ 4.6 has a bug where <code>std::get</code> can return an lvalue-ref erence when it should return an rvalue-reference. <code>base::get</code> can be used to avoid this. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!to pic/cxx/0NnCRmMY1xY">Discussion thread</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a /chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/VA7Ej2IWS2w">Another discussion thread</a></td>

486 <code>std::get</code> in <=libstdc++-4.6 misses an overload for rvalue-refere nce of a tuple, and <code>base::get</code> complements it. </td>

487 </tr>	485 </tr>

488	486

489 <tr>	487 <tr>

490 <td>Unordered Associative Containers</td>	488 <td>Unordered Associative Containers</td>

491 <td><code>std::unordered_set</code>, <code>std::unordered_map</code>, <code>std: :unordered_multiset</code>, <code>std::unordered_multimap</code></td>	489 <td><code>std::unordered_set</code>, <code>std::unordered_map</code>, <code>std: :unordered_multiset</code>, <code>std::unordered_multimap</code></td>

492 <td>Allows efficient containers of key/value pairs</td>	490 <td>Allows efficient containers of key/value pairs</td>

493 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map">std::unor dered_map</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_set ">std::unordered_set</a></td>	491 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map">std::unor dered_map</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_set ">std::unordered_set</a></td>

494 <td>Per the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#std_hash" >Google Style Guide</a>, specify custom hashers instead of specializing <code>st d::hash</code> for custom types. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.o rg/forum/#!topic/cxx/nCdjQqnouO4">Discussion thread</a>.</td>	492 <td>Specify custom hashers instead of specializing <code>std::hash</code> for cu stom types. <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#std_hash" >Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum /#!topic/cxx/nCdjQqnouO4">Discussion thread</a></td>

495 </tr>	493 </tr>

496	494

497 <tr>	495 <tr>

498 <td>Unique Pointers</td>	496 <td>Unique Pointers</td>

499 <td><code>std::unique_ptr<<i>type</i>></code></td>	497 <td><code>std::unique_ptr<<i>type</i>></code></td>

500 <td>A smart pointer with sole ownership of the owned object.</td>	498 <td>A smart pointer with sole ownership of the owned object.</td>

501 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr">std::unique_ptr </a></td>	499 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr">std::unique_ptr </a></td>

502 <td>Use in all newly written code. <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/ cppguide.html#Ownership_and_Smart_Pointers">Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="htt ps://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/d/msg/cxx/aT2wsBLKvzI/oZuZ718oAwAJ">Discus sion thread</a>. <code>scoped_ptr</code> is a <a href="https://groups.google.com /a/chromium.org/d/msg/chromium-dev/roY78iTblYc/bb8nYsxfCgAJ">typedef for <code>s td::unique_ptr</code></a> and is going away shortly.</td>	500 <td><a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Ownership_and_Sma rt_Pointers">Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromi um.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/aT2wsBLKvzI">Discussion thread</a></td>

503 </tr>	501 </tr>

504	502

505 </tbody>	503 </tbody>

506 </table>	504 </table>

507	505

508 <h2 id="blacklist">C++11 Blacklist (Disallowed and Banned Features)</h2>	506 <h2 id="blacklist">C++11 Blacklist (Disallowed and Banned Features)</h2>

509	507

510 <p>This section lists features that are not allowed to be used yet.	508 <p>This section lists features that are not allowed to be used yet.

511	509

512 <h3 id="blacklist_banned"><a name="core-blacklist"></a>C++11 Banned Features</h3 >	510 <h3 id="blacklist_banned"><a name="core-blacklist"></a>C++11 Banned Features</h3 >

513	511

514 <p>This section lists C++11 features that are not allowed in the Chromium	512 <p>This section lists C++11 features that are not allowed in the Chromium

515 codebase.	513 codebase.

516 </p>	514 </p>

517	515

518 <table id="banned_list" class="unlined striped">	516 <table id="banned_list" class="unlined striped">

519 <tbody>	517 <tbody>

520	518

521 <tr>	519 <tr>

522 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature or Library</th>	520 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature or Library</th>

523 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>	521 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>

524 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>	522 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>

525 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>	523 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>

526 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes</th>	524 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes and Discussion Thread</th>

527 </tr>	525 </tr>

528	526

529 <tr>	527 <tr>

530 <td>Inline Namespaces</td>	528 <td>Inline Namespaces</td>

531 <td><code>inline namespace foo { ... }</code></td>	529 <td><code>inline namespace foo { ... }</code></td>

532 <td>Allows better versioning of namespaces</td>	530 <td>Allows better versioning of namespaces</td>

533 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/namespace#Inline_namespac es">Inline namespaces</a></td>	531 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/namespace#Inline_namespac es">Inline namespaces</a></td>

534 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Nam espaces">Google Style Guide</a>. Unclear how it will work with components.</td>	532 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Nam espaces">Google Style Guide</a>. Unclear how it will work with components.</td>

535 </tr>	533 </tr>

536	534

537 <tr>	535 <tr>

538 <td><code>long long</code> Type</td>	536 <td><code>long long</code> Type</td>

539 <td><code>long long <i>var</i> = <i>value</i>;</code></td>	537 <td><code>long long <i>var</i> = <i>value</i>;</code></td>

540 <td>An integer of at least 64 bits</td>	538 <td>An integer of at least 64 bits</td>

541 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/types">Fundamental types< /a></td>	539 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/types">Fundamental types< /a></td>

542 <td>Use a stdint.h type if you need a 64bit number. <a href="https://groups.goog le.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/RxugZ-pIDxk">Discussion thread< /a></td>	540 <td>Use a stdint.h type if you need a 64bit number. <a href="https://groups.goog le.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/RxugZ-pIDxk">Discussion thread< /a></td>

543 </tr>	541 </tr>

544	542

545 <tr>	543 <tr>

546 <td>Ref-qualified Member Functions</td>	544 <td>Ref-qualified Member Functions</td>

547 <td><code>class T {<br />	545 <td><code>class T {<br />

548   void f() & {}<br />	546   void f() & {}<br />

549   void f() && {}<br />	547   void f() && {}<br />

550 };<br />	548 };<br />

551 t.f();  // first<br />	549 t.f();  // first<br />

552 T().f();  // second<br />	550 T().f();  // second<br />

553 std::move(t).f();  // second</code></td>	551 std::move(t).f();  // second</code></td>

554 <td>Allows class member functions to only bind to \|this\| as an rvalue or lvalue. </td>	552 <td>Allows class member functions to only bind to \|this\| as an rvalue or lvalue. </td>

555 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/member_functions#const-.2 C_volatile-.2C_and_ref-qualified_member_functions">const-, volatile-, and ref-qu alified member functions</a></td>	553 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/member_functions#const-.2 C_volatile-.2C_and_ref-qualified_member_functions">const-, volatile-, and ref-qu alified member functions</a></td>

556 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#C++ 11">Google Style Guide</a>. May only be used in Chromium with explicit approval from <code>styleguide/c++/OWNERS</code>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ch romium.org/d/topic/cxx/gowclr2LPQA/discussion">Discussion Thread</a></td>	554 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#C++ 11">Google Style Guide</a>. May only be used in Chromium with explicit approval from <code>styleguide/c++/OWNERS</code>. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/ch romium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/gowclr2LPQA">Discussion Thread</a></td>

557 </tr>	555 </tr>

558	556

559 <tr>	557 <tr>

560 <td>User-Defined Literals</td>	558 <td>User-Defined Literals</td>

561 <td><code><i>type</i> <i>var</i> = <i>literal_value</i>_<i>type</i></code></td>	559 <td><code><i>type</i> <i>var</i> = <i>literal_value</i>_<i>type</i></code></td>

562 <td>Allows user-defined literal expressions</td>	560 <td>Allows user-defined literal expressions</td>

563 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/user_literal">User-define d literals</a></td>	561 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/user_literal">User-define d literals</a></td>

564 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Ope rator_Overloading">Google Style Guide</a>.</td>	562 <td>Banned in the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Ope rator_Overloading">Google Style Guide</a>.</td>

565 </tr>	563 </tr>

566	564

567 </tbody>	565 </tbody>

568 </table>	566 </table>

569	567

570 <h3 id="blacklist_stdlib"><a name="library-blacklist"></a>C++11 Banned Library F eatures</h3>	568 <h3 id="blacklist_stdlib"><a name="library-blacklist"></a>C++11 Banned Library F eatures</h3>

571	569

572 <p>This section lists C++11 library features that are not allowed in the Chromiu m codebase.</p>	570 <p>This section lists C++11 library features that are not allowed in the Chromiu m codebase.</p>

573	571

574 <table id="blacklist_lib_list" class="unlined striped">	572 <table id="blacklist_lib_list" class="unlined striped">

575 <tbody>	573 <tbody>

576	574

577 <tr>	575 <tr>

578 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>	576 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>

579 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>	577 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>

580 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>	578 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>

581 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>	579 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>

582 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes</th>	580 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes and Discussion Thread</th>

583 </tr>	581 </tr>

584	582

585 <tr>	583 <tr>

586 <td>Atomics</td>	584 <td>Atomics</td>

587 <td><code><atomic></code></td>	585 <td><code><atomic></code></td>

588 <td>Fine-grained atomic types and operations</td>	586 <td>Fine-grained atomic types and operations</td>

589 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic">Atomic operations library< /a></td>	587 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic">Atomic operations library< /a></td>

590 <td>Use in tcmalloc has caused <a href="http://crbug.com/572525">performance reg ressions</a>. Banned until we understand this better. <a href="https://groups.go ogle.com/a/chromium.org/d/topic/cxx/Ej3RAiaI44s/discussion">Discussion Thread</a ></td>	588 <td>Use in tcmalloc has caused <a href="http://crbug.com/572525">performance reg ressions</a>. Banned until we understand this better. <a href="https://groups.go ogle.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/Ej3RAiaI44s">Discussion Thread</a></td >

591 </tr>	589 </tr>

592	590

593 <tr>	591 <tr>

594 <td>Date and time utilities</td>	592 <td>Date and time utilities</td>

595 <td><code><chrono></code></td>	593 <td><code><chrono></code></td>

596 <td>A standard date and time library</td>	594 <td>A standard date and time library</td>

597 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono">Date and time utilities</a ></td>	595 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono">Date and time utilities</a ></td>

598 <td>Overlaps with <code>Time</code> APIs in <code>base/</code>. Keep using the < code>base/</code> classes.</td>	596 <td>Overlaps with <code>Time</code> APIs in <code>base/</code>. Keep using the < code>base/</code> classes.</td>

599 </tr>	597 </tr>

600	598

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612 <td>A standard regular expressions library</td>	610 <td>A standard regular expressions library</td>

613 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/regex">Regular expressions library </a></td>	611 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/regex">Regular expressions library </a></td>

614 <td>Overlaps with many regular expression libraries in Chromium. When in doubt, use re2.</td>	612 <td>Overlaps with many regular expression libraries in Chromium. When in doubt, use re2.</td>

615 </tr>	613 </tr>

616	614

617 <tr>	615 <tr>

618 <td>Shared Pointers</td>	616 <td>Shared Pointers</td>

619 <td><code>std::shared_ptr</code></td>	617 <td><code>std::shared_ptr</code></td>

620 <td>Allows shared ownership of a pointer through reference counts</td>	618 <td>Allows shared ownership of a pointer through reference counts</td>

621 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr">std::shared_ptr </a></td>	619 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr">std::shared_ptr </a></td>

622 <td>Needs a lot more evaluation for Chromium, and there isn't enough of a push f or this feature. <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Owne rship_and_Smart_Pointers">Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google .com/a/chromium.org/d/topic/cxx/aT2wsBLKvzI/discussion">Discussion Thread</a>.</ td>	620 <td>Needs a lot more evaluation for Chromium, and there isn't enough of a push f or this feature. <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Owne rship_and_Smart_Pointers">Google Style Guide</a>. <a href="https://groups.google .com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/aT2wsBLKvzI">Discussion Thread</a></td>

623 </tr>	621 </tr>

624	622

625 <tr>	623 <tr>

626 <td>Thread Library</td>	624 <td>Thread Library</td>

627 <td><code><thread></code> and related headers, including<br />	625 <td><code><thread></code> and related headers, including<br />

628 <code><future></code>, <code><mutex></code>, <code><condition_var iable></code></td>	626 <code><future></code>, <code><mutex></code>, <code><condition_var iable></code></td>

629 <td>Provides a standard multithreading library using <code>std::thread</code> an d associates</td>	627 <td>Provides a standard multithreading library using <code>std::thread</code> an d associates</td>

630 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread">Thread support library</a> </td>	628 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread">Thread support library</a> </td>

631 <td>Overlaps with many classes in <code>base/</code>. Keep using the <code>base/ </code> classes for now. <code>base::Thread</code> is tightly coupled to <code>M essageLoop</code> which would make it hard to replace. We should investigate usi ng standard mutexes, or unique_lock, etc. to replace our locking/synchronization classes.</td>	629 <td>Overlaps with many classes in <code>base/</code>. Keep using the <code>base/ </code> classes for now. <code>base::Thread</code> is tightly coupled to <code>M essageLoop</code> which would make it hard to replace. We should investigate usi ng standard mutexes, or unique_lock, etc. to replace our locking/synchronization classes.</td>

632 </tr>	630 </tr>

(...skipping 10 matching lines...) Expand all Loading...
643 work in all our compilers yet.</p>	641 work in all our compilers yet.</p>

644	642

645 <table id="blacklist_review_list" class="unlined striped">	643 <table id="blacklist_review_list" class="unlined striped">

646 <tbody>	644 <tbody>

647	645

648 <tr>	646 <tr>

649 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>	647 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>

650 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>	648 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>

651 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>	649 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>

652 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>	650 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>

653 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes</th>	651 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes and Discussion Thread</th>

654 </tr>	652 </tr>

655	653

656 <tr>	654 <tr>

657 <td>Alignment Features</td>	655 <td>Alignment Features</td>

658 <td><code>alignas</code> specifier, <code>alignof</code> operator</td>	656 <td><code>alignas</code> specifier, <code>alignof</code> operator</td>

659 <td>Object alignment</td>	657 <td>Object alignment</td>

660 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/alignas">alignas specifie r</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/alignof">alignof opera tor</a></td>	658 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/alignas">alignas specifie r</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/alignof">alignof opera tor</a></td>

661 <td>Reevaluate now that MSVS2015 is available. <a href="https://groups.google.co m/a/chromium.org/d/msg/cxx/rwXN02jzzq0/CpUc1ZzMBQAJ">Discussion thread</a></td>	659 <td>Reevaluate now that MSVS2015 is available. <a href="https://groups.google.co m/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/rwXN02jzzq0">Discussion thread</a></td>

662 </tr>	660 </tr>

663	661

664 <tr>	662 <tr>

665 <td>Attributes</td>	663 <td>Attributes</td>

666 <td><code>[[<i>attribute_name</i>]]</code></td>	664 <td><code>[[<i>attribute_name</i>]]</code></td>

667 <td>Attaches properties to declarations that specific compiler implementations m ay use.</td>	665 <td>Attaches properties to declarations that specific compiler implementations m ay use.</td>

668 <td><a href="http://www.codesynthesis.com/~boris/blog/2012/04/18/cxx11-generaliz ed-attributes/">C++11 generalized attributes</a></td>	666 <td><a href="http://www.codesynthesis.com/~boris/blog/2012/04/18/cxx11-generaliz ed-attributes/">C++11 generalized attributes</a></td>

669 <td></td>	667 <td></td>

670 </tr>	668 </tr>

671	669

672 <tr>	670 <tr>

673 <td>Inherited Constructors</td>	671 <td>Inherited Constructors</td>

674 <td><code>class Derived : Base {<br />	672 <td><code>class Derived : Base {<br />

675   using Base::Base;<br />	673   using Base::Base;<br />

676 };</code></td>	674 };</code></td>

677 <td>Allow derived classes to inherit constructors from base classes</td>	675 <td>Allow derived classes to inherit constructors from base classes</td>

678 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/using_declaration">Using- declaration</a></td>	676 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/using_declaration">Using- declaration</a></td>

679 <td>Reevaluate now that MSVS2015 is available. <a href="https://groups.google.co m/a/chromium.org/d/msg/chromium-dev/BULzgIKZ-Ao/PLO7_GoVNvYJ">Discussion thread< /a></td>	677 <td>Reevaluate now that MSVS2015 is available. <a href="https://groups.google.co m/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/BULzgIKZ-Ao">Discussion thread</a></ td>

680 </tr>	678 </tr>

681	679

682 <tr>	680 <tr>

683 <td>Raw String Literals</td>	681 <td>Raw String Literals</td>

684 <td><code>string <i>var</i>=R"(<i>raw_string</i>)";</code></td>	682 <td><code>string <i>var</i>=R"(<i>raw_string</i>)";</code></td>

685 <td>Allows a string to be encoded without any escape sequences, easing parsing i n regex expressions, for example</td>	683 <td>Allows a string to be encoded without any escape sequences, easing parsing i n regex expressions, for example</td>

686 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/string_literal">string li teral</a></td>	684 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/string_literal">string li teral</a></td>

687 <td>Causes incorrect line numbers in MSVS2013 and gcc. Reevaluate once that work s. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/ 2kWQHbbuMHI">Discussion thread</a></td>	685 <td>Causes incorrect line numbers in MSVS2013 and gcc. Reevaluate once that work s. <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/ 2kWQHbbuMHI">Discussion thread</a></td>

688 </tr>	686 </tr>

689	687

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711 <p>The following C++ library features are currently disallowed. See the top of t his page on how to propose moving a feature from this list into the allowed or b anned sections. Note that not all of these features work in all our compilers ye t.</p>	709 <p>The following C++ library features are currently disallowed. See the top of t his page on how to propose moving a feature from this list into the allowed or b anned sections. Note that not all of these features work in all our compilers ye t.</p>

712	710

713 <table id="banned_stdlib" class="unlined striped">	711 <table id="banned_stdlib" class="unlined striped">

714	712

715 <tbody>	713 <tbody>

716 <tr>	714 <tr>

717 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>	715 <th style='width:240px;'>Feature</th>

718 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>	716 <th style='width:240px;'>Snippet</th>

719 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>	717 <th style='width:240px;'>Description</th>

720 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>	718 <th style='width:240px;'>Documentation Link</th>

721 <th style='width:240px;'>Style Guide Usage</th>	719 <th style='width:240px;'>Notes</th>

722 </tr>	720 </tr>

723	721

724 <tr>	722 <tr>

725 <td>Address Retrieval</td>	723 <td>Address Retrieval</td>

726 <td><code>std::addressof()</code></td>	724 <td><code>std::addressof()</code></td>

727 <td>Obtains the address of an object even with overloaded <code>operator&</c ode></td>	725 <td>Obtains the address of an object even with overloaded <code>operator&</c ode></td>

728 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/addressof">std::addressof</ a></td>	726 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/addressof">std::addressof</ a></td>

729 <td>Usage should be rare as <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguid e.html#Operator_Overloading">operator overloading</a> is rare and <code>&</c ode> should suffice in most cases. May be preferable over <code>&</code> for performing object identity checks.</td>	727 <td>Usage should be rare as <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguid e.html#Operator_Overloading">operator overloading</a> is rare and <code>&</c ode> should suffice in most cases. May be preferable over <code>&</code> for performing object identity checks.</td>

730 </tr>	728 </tr>

731	729

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792 <td>Extracts the return type from the type signature of a function call invocati on at compile-time.</td>	790 <td>Extracts the return type from the type signature of a function call invocati on at compile-time.</td>

793 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/result_of">std::result_of</a ></td>	791 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/result_of">std::result_of</a ></td>

794 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15486951/why-does-stdresult-of-t ake-an-unrelated-function-type-as-a-type-argument">Why does std::result_of take an (unrelated) function type as a type argument?</a></td>	792 <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15486951/why-does-stdresult-of-t ake-an-unrelated-function-type-as-a-type-argument">Why does std::result_of take an (unrelated) function type as a type argument?</a></td>

795 </tr>	793 </tr>

796	794

797 <tr>	795 <tr>

798 <td>Function Objects</td>	796 <td>Function Objects</td>

799 <td><code>std::function</code></td>	797 <td><code>std::function</code></td>

800 <td>Wraps a standard polymorphic function</td>	798 <td>Wraps a standard polymorphic function</td>

801 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/function">std:: function</a></td>	799 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/function">std:: function</a></td>

802 <td></td>	800 <td><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/cxx/SoEj7oID NuA">Discussion thread</a></td>

803 </tr>	801 </tr>

804	802

805 <tr>	803 <tr>

806 <td>Forward Lists</td>	804 <td>Forward Lists</td>

807 <td><code>std::forward_list</code></td>	805 <td><code>std::forward_list</code></td>

808 <td>Provides an efficient singly linked list</td>	806 <td>Provides an efficient singly linked list</td>

809 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/forward_list">std::forwa rd_list</a></td>	807 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/forward_list">std::forwa rd_list</a></td>

810 <td></td>	808 <td></td>

811 </tr>	809 </tr>

812	810

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872 <td>Allows registration of functions to be called upon exit, allowing cleaner pr ogram exit than <code>abort()</code> or <code>exit</code></td>	870 <td>Allows registration of functions to be called upon exit, allowing cleaner pr ogram exit than <code>abort()</code> or <code>exit</code></td>

873 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/program/quick_exit">std:qu ick_exit</a></td>	871 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/program/quick_exit">std:qu ick_exit</a></td>

874 <td></td>	872 <td></td>

875 </tr>	873 </tr>

876	874

877 <tr>	875 <tr>

878 <td>String-Number Conversion Functions</td>	876 <td>String-Number Conversion Functions</td>

879 <td><code>std::stoi()</code>, <code>std::stol()</code>, <code>std::stoul()</code >, <code>std::stoll</code>, <code>std::stoull()</code>, <code>std::stof()</code> , <code>std::stod()</code>, <code>std::stold()</code>, <code>std::to_string()</c ode></td>	877 <td><code>std::stoi()</code>, <code>std::stol()</code>, <code>std::stoul()</code >, <code>std::stoll</code>, <code>std::stoull()</code>, <code>std::stof()</code> , <code>std::stod()</code>, <code>std::stold()</code>, <code>std::to_string()</c ode></td>

880 <td>Converts strings to/from numbers</td>	878 <td>Converts strings to/from numbers</td>

881 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stol">std::sto i, std::stol, std::stoll</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/b asic_string/stoul">std::stoul, std::stoull</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference. com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stof">std::stof, std::stod, std::stold</a>, <a hre f="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string">std::to_strin g</a></td>	879 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stol">std::sto i, std::stol, std::stoll</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/b asic_string/stoul">std::stoul, std::stoull</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference. com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stof">std::stof, std::stod, std::stold</a>, <a hre f="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string">std::to_strin g</a></td>

882 <td></td>	880 <td>May be useful to <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail ?id=593512">replace dmg_fp</a>.</td>

883 </tr>	881 </tr>

884	882

885 <tr>	883 <tr>

886 <td>System Errors</td>	884 <td>System Errors</td>

887 <td><code><system_error></code></td>	885 <td><code><system_error></code></td>

888 <td>Provides a standard system error library</td>	886 <td>Provides a standard system error library</td>

889 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/system_error">Standard libr ary header <system_error></a></td>	887 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/system_error">Standard libr ary header <system_error></a></td>

890 <td></td>	888 <td></td>

891 </tr>	889 </tr>

892	890

893 <tr>	891 <tr>

894 <td>Type-Generic Math Functions</td>	892 <td>Type-Generic Math Functions</td>

895 <td><code><ctgmath></code></td>	893 <td><code><ctgmath></code></td>

896 <td>Provides a means to call real or complex functions based on the type of argu ments</td>	894 <td>Provides a means to call real or complex functions based on the type of argu ments</td>

897 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/ctgmath">Standard library h eader <ctgmath></a></td>	895 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/ctgmath">Standard library h eader <ctgmath></a></td>

898 <td></td>	896 <td></td>

899 </tr>	897 </tr>

900	898

901 <tr>	899 <tr>

902 <td>Type Info Enhancements</td>	900 <td>Type Info Enhancements</td>

903 <td><code>std::type_index</code>, <code>std::type_info::hash_code()</code></td>	901 <td><code>std::type_index</code>, <code>std::type_info::hash_code()</code></td>

904 <td>Allows type information (most often within containers) that can be copied, a ssigned, or hashed</td>	902 <td>Allows type information (most often within containers) that can be copied, a ssigned, or hashed</td>

905 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/type_index">std::type_index< /a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/type_info/hash_code">std::t ype_info::hash_code</a></td>	903 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/type_index">std::type_index< /a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/type_info/hash_code">std::t ype_info::hash_code</a></td>

906 <td><code>std::type_index</code> is a thin wrapper for <code>std::type_info</cod e>, allowing you to use it directly within both associative and unordered contai ners</td>	904 <td><code>std::type_index</code> is a thin wrapper for <code>std::type_info</cod e>, allowing you to use it directly within both associative and unordered contai ners.</td>

907 </tr>	905 </tr>

908	906

909 <tr>	907 <tr>

910 <td>Variadic Copy Macro</td>	908 <td>Variadic Copy Macro</td>

911 <td><code>va_copy(va_list <i>dest</i>, va_list <i>src</i>)</code></td>	909 <td><code>va_copy(va_list <i>dest</i>, va_list <i>src</i>)</code></td>

912 <td>Makes a copy of the variadic function arguments</td>	910 <td>Makes a copy of the variadic function arguments</td>

913 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variadic/va_copy">va_copy< /a></td>	911 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variadic/va_copy">va_copy< /a></td>

914 <td></td>	912 <td></td>

915 </tr>	913 </tr>

916	914

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930 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/wstring_convert">std::wstri ng_convert</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/wbuffer_convert ">std::wbuffer_convert</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/cod ecvt_utf8">std::codecvt_utf8</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/loca le/codecvt_utf16">std::codecvt_utf16</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/ cpp/locale/codecvt_utf8_utf16">std::codecvt_utf8_utf16</a></td>	928 <td><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/wstring_convert">std::wstri ng_convert</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/wbuffer_convert ">std::wbuffer_convert</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/cod ecvt_utf8">std::codecvt_utf8</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/loca le/codecvt_utf16">std::codecvt_utf16</a>, <a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/ cpp/locale/codecvt_utf8_utf16">std::codecvt_utf8_utf16</a></td>

931 <td>Non-UTF-8 text is banned by the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide /cppguide.html#Non-ASCII_Characters">Google Style Guide</a>. However, may be use ful for consuming non-ASCII data.</td>	929 <td>Non-UTF-8 text is banned by the <a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide /cppguide.html#Non-ASCII_Characters">Google Style Guide</a>. However, may be use ful for consuming non-ASCII data.</td>

932 </tr>	930 </tr>

933	931

934 </tbody>	932 </tbody>

935 </table>	933 </table>

936	934

937 </div>	935 </div>

938 </body>	936 </body>

939 </html>	937 </html>

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