[sqlite] Remove obsolete reference version 3.8.7.4.

third_party/sqlite/sqlite-src-3080704/src/vdbe.c

-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** The code in this file implements the function that runs the
-** bytecode of a prepared statement.
-**
-** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
-** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
-** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
-** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
-** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
-*/
-#include "sqliteInt.h"
-#include "vdbeInt.h"
-
-/*
-** Invoke this macro on memory cells just prior to changing the
-** value of the cell.  This macro verifies that shallow copies are
-** not misused.  A shallow copy of a string or blob just copies a
-** pointer to the string or blob, not the content.  If the original
-** is changed while the copy is still in use, the string or blob might
-** be changed out from under the copy.  This macro verifies that nothing
-** like that ever happens.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-# define memAboutToChange(P,M) sqlite3VdbeMemAboutToChange(P,M)
-#else
-# define memAboutToChange(P,M)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
-** moves, either by the OP_SeekXX, OP_Next, or OP_Prev opcodes.  The test
-** procedures use this information to make sure that indices are
-** working correctly.  This variable has no function other than to
-** help verify the correct operation of the library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int sqlite3_search_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** When this global variable is positive, it gets decremented once before
-** each instruction in the VDBE.  When it reaches zero, the u1.isInterrupted
-** field of the sqlite3 structure is set in order to simulate an interrupt.
-**
-** This facility is used for testing purposes only.  It does not function
-** in an ordinary build.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int sqlite3_interrupt_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable is incremented each type the OP_Sort opcode
-** is executed.  The test procedures use this information to make sure that
-** sorting is occurring or not occurring at appropriate times.   This variable
-** has no function other than to help verify the correct operation of the
-** library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int sqlite3_sort_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable records the size of the largest MEM_Blob
-** or MEM_Str that has been used by a VDBE opcode.  The test procedures
-** use this information to make sure that the zero-blob functionality
-** is working correctly.   This variable has no function other than to
-** help verify the correct operation of the library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int sqlite3_max_blobsize = 0;
-static void updateMaxBlobsize(Mem *p){
-  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 && p->n>sqlite3_max_blobsize ){
-    sqlite3_max_blobsize = p->n;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The next global variable is incremented each time the OP_Found opcode
-** is executed. This is used to test whether or not the foreign key
-** operation implemented using OP_FkIsZero is working. This variable
-** has no function other than to help verify the correct operation of the
-** library.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Test a register to see if it exceeds the current maximum blob size.
-** If it does, record the new maximum blob size.
-*/
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST)
-# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)  updateMaxBlobsize(P)
-#else
-# define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Invoke the VDBE coverage callback, if that callback is defined.  This
-** feature is used for test suite validation only and does not appear an
-** production builds.
-**
-** M is an integer, 2 or 3, that indices how many different ways the
-** branch can go.  It is usually 2.  "I" is the direction the branch
-** goes.  0 means falls through.  1 means branch is taken.  2 means the
-** second alternative branch is taken.
-**
-** iSrcLine is the source code line (from the __LINE__ macro) that
-** generated the VDBE instruction.  This instrumentation assumes that all
-** source code is in a single file (the amalgamation).  Special values 1
-** and 2 for the iSrcLine parameter mean that this particular branch is
-** always taken or never taken, respectively.
-*/
-#if !defined(SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE)
-# define VdbeBranchTaken(I,M)
-#else
-# define VdbeBranchTaken(I,M) vdbeTakeBranch(pOp->iSrcLine,I,M)
-  static void vdbeTakeBranch(int iSrcLine, u8 I, u8 M){
-    if( iSrcLine<=2 && ALWAYS(iSrcLine>0) ){
-      M = iSrcLine;
-      /* Assert the truth of VdbeCoverageAlwaysTaken() and 
-      ** VdbeCoverageNeverTaken() */
-      assert( (M & I)==I );
-    }else{
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xVdbeBranch==0 ) return;  /*NO_TEST*/
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.xVdbeBranch(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pVdbeBranchArg,
-                                      iSrcLine,I,M);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Convert the given register into a string if it isn't one
-** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
-*/
-#define Stringify(P, enc) \
-   if(((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 && sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(P,enc,0)) \
-     { goto no_mem; }
-
-/*
-** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
-** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
-** is responsible for deallocating that string.  Because the register
-** does not control the string, it might be deleted without the register
-** knowing it.
-**
-** This routine converts an ephemeral string into a dynamically allocated
-** string that the register itself controls.  In other words, it
-** converts an MEM_Ephem string into a string with P.z==P.zMalloc.
-*/
-#define Deephemeralize(P) \
-   if( ((P)->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 \
-       && sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(P) ){ goto no_mem;}
-
-/* Return true if the cursor was opened using the OP_OpenSorter opcode. */
-#define isSorter(x) ((x)->pSorter!=0)
-
-/*
-** Allocate VdbeCursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
-** if we run out of memory.
-*/
-static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
-  Vdbe *p,              /* The virtual machine */
-  int iCur,             /* Index of the new VdbeCursor */
-  int nField,           /* Number of fields in the table or index */
-  int iDb,              /* Database the cursor belongs to, or -1 */
-  int isBtreeCursor     /* True for B-Tree.  False for pseudo-table or vtab */
-){
-  /* Find the memory cell that will be used to store the blob of memory
-  ** required for this VdbeCursor structure. It is convenient to use a 
-  ** vdbe memory cell to manage the memory allocation required for a
-  ** VdbeCursor structure for the following reasons:
-  **
-  **   * Sometimes cursor numbers are used for a couple of different
-  **     purposes in a vdbe program. The different uses might require
-  **     different sized allocations. Memory cells provide growable
-  **     allocations.
-  **
-  **   * When using ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT, memory cell buffers can
-  **     be freed lazily via the sqlite3_release_memory() API. This
-  **     minimizes the number of malloc calls made by the system.
-  **
-  ** Memory cells for cursors are allocated at the top of the address
-  ** space. Memory cell (p->nMem) corresponds to cursor 0. Space for
-  ** cursor 1 is managed by memory cell (p->nMem-1), etc.
-  */
-  Mem *pMem = &p->aMem[p->nMem-iCur];
-
-  int nByte;
-  VdbeCursor *pCx = 0;
-  nByte = 
-      ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor)) + 2*sizeof(u32)*nField + 
-      (isBtreeCursor?sqlite3BtreeCursorSize():0);
-
-  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
-  if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
-    p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
-  }
-  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte) ){
-    p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->z;
-    memset(pCx, 0, sizeof(VdbeCursor));
-    pCx->iDb = iDb;
-    pCx->nField = nField;
-    pCx->aOffset = &pCx->aType[nField];
-    if( isBtreeCursor ){
-      pCx->pCursor = (BtCursor*)
-          &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*sizeof(u32)*nField];
-      sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(pCx->pCursor);
-    }
-  }
-  return pCx;
-}
-
-/*
-** Try to convert a value into a numeric representation if we can
-** do so without loss of information.  In other words, if the string
-** looks like a number, convert it into a number.  If it does not
-** look like a number, leave it alone.
-**
-** If the bTryForInt flag is true, then extra effort is made to give
-** an integer representation.  Strings that look like floating point
-** values but which have no fractional component (example: '48.00')
-** will have a MEM_Int representation when bTryForInt is true.
-**
-** If bTryForInt is false, then if the input string contains a decimal
-** point or exponential notation, the result is only MEM_Real, even
-** if there is an exact integer representation of the quantity.
-*/
-static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
-  double rValue;
-  i64 iValue;
-  u8 enc = pRec->enc;
-  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==MEM_Str );
-  if( sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc)==0 ) return;
-  if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pRec->z, &iValue, pRec->n, enc) ){
-    pRec->u.i = iValue;
-    pRec->flags |= MEM_Int;
-  }else{
-    pRec->u.r = rValue;
-    pRec->flags |= MEM_Real;
-    if( bTryForInt ) sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Processing is determine by the affinity parameter:
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER:
-** SQLITE_AFF_REAL:
-** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC:
-**    Try to convert pRec to an integer representation or a 
-**    floating-point representation if an integer representation
-**    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
-**    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
-**    an integer representation is more space efficient on disk.
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
-**    Convert pRec to a text representation.
-**
-** SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
-**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
-*/
-static void applyAffinity(
-  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
-  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
-  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
-){
-  if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
-    assert( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-             || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
-    if( (pRec->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-      if( (pRec->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
-        if( pRec->flags & MEM_Str ) applyNumericAffinity(pRec,1);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
-      }
-    }
-  }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
-    /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
-    ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
-    ** representation.
-    */
-    if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pRec, enc, 1);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Try to convert the type of a function argument or a result column
-** into a numeric representation.  Use either INTEGER or REAL whichever
-** is appropriate.  But only do the conversion if it is possible without
-** loss of information and return the revised type of the argument.
-*/
-int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  int eType = sqlite3_value_type(pVal);
-  if( eType==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-    Mem *pMem = (Mem*)pVal;
-    applyNumericAffinity(pMem, 0);
-    eType = sqlite3_value_type(pVal);
-  }
-  return eType;
-}
-
-/*
-** Exported version of applyAffinity(). This one works on sqlite3_value*, 
-** not the internal Mem* type.
-*/
-void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(
-  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
-  u8 affinity, 
-  u8 enc
-){
-  applyAffinity((Mem *)pVal, affinity, enc);
-}
-
-/*
-** pMem currently only holds a string type (or maybe a BLOB that we can
-** interpret as a string if we want to).  Compute its corresponding
-** numeric type, if has one.  Set the pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i fields
-** accordingly.
-*/
-static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 );
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==SQLITE_OK ){
-    return MEM_Int;
-  }
-  return MEM_Real;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or
-** none.  
-**
-** Unlike applyNumericAffinity(), this routine does not modify pMem->flags.
-** But it does set pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i appropriately.
-*/
-static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
-  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
-    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
-  }
-  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    return computeNumericType(pMem);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Write a nice string representation of the contents of cell pMem
-** into buffer zBuf, length nBuf.
-*/
-void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){
-  char *zCsr = zBuf;
-  int f = pMem->flags;
-
-  static const char *const encnames[] = {"(X)", "(8)", "(16LE)", "(16BE)"};
-
-  if( f&MEM_Blob ){
-    int i;
-    char c;
-    if( f & MEM_Dyn ){
-      c = 'z';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Static ){
-      c = 't';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Ephem ){
-      c = 'e';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn))==0 );
-    }else{
-      c = 's';
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%c", c);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%d[", pMem->n);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%02X", ((int)pMem->z[i] & 0xFF));
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
-      char z = pMem->z[i];
-      if( z<32 || z>126 ) *zCsr++ = '.';
-      else *zCsr++ = z;
-    }
-
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "]%s", encnames[pMem->enc]);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    if( f & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr,"+%dz",pMem->u.nZero);
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    }
-    *zCsr = '\0';
-  }else if( f & MEM_Str ){
-    int j, k;
-    zBuf[0] = ' ';
-    if( f & MEM_Dyn ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'z';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Static ){
-      zBuf[1] = 't';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
-    }else if( f & MEM_Ephem ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'e';
-      assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn))==0 );
-    }else{
-      zBuf[1] = 's';
-    }
-    k = 2;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, &zBuf[k], "%d", pMem->n);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = '[';
-    for(j=0; j<15 && j<pMem->n; j++){
-      u8 c = pMem->z[j];
-      if( c>=0x20 && c<0x7f ){
-        zBuf[k++] = c;
-      }else{
-        zBuf[k++] = '.';
-      }
-    }
-    zBuf[k++] = ']';
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100,&zBuf[k], encnames[pMem->enc]);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = 0;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-/*
-** Print the value of a register for tracing purposes:
-*/
-static void memTracePrint(Mem *p){
-  if( p->flags & MEM_Undefined ){
-    printf(" undefined");
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    printf(" NULL");
-  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
-    printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    printf(" i:%lld", p->u.i);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
-    printf(" r:%g", p->u.r);
-#endif
-  }else if( p->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
-    printf(" (rowset)");
-  }else{
-    char zBuf[200];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, zBuf);
-    printf(" %s", zBuf);
-  }
-}
-static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
-  printf("REG[%d] = ", iReg);
-  memTracePrint(p);
-  printf("\n");
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace)registerTrace(R,M)
-#else
-#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
-#endif
-
-
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
-** high-performance timing routines.
-*/
-#include "hwtime.h"
-
-#endif
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/*
-** This function is only called from within an assert() expression. It
-** checks that the sqlite3.nTransaction variable is correctly set to
-** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the 
-** linked list starting at sqlite3.pSavepoint.
-** 
-** Usage:
-**
-**     assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );
-*/
-static int checkSavepointCount(sqlite3 *db){
-  int n = 0;
-  Savepoint *p;
-  for(p=db->pSavepoint; p; p=p->pNext) n++;
-  assert( n==(db->nSavepoint + db->isTransactionSavepoint) );
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Execute as much of a VDBE program as we can.
-** This is the core of sqlite3_step().  
-*/
-int sqlite3VdbeExec(
-  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
-){
-  int pc=0;                  /* The program counter */
-  Op *aOp = p->aOp;          /* Copy of p->aOp */
-  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
-  u8 resetSchemaOnFault = 0; /* Reset schema after an error if positive */
-  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
-  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last OP_Compare operation */
-  unsigned nVmStep = 0;      /* Number of virtual machine steps */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  unsigned nProgressLimit = 0;/* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
-#endif
-  Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
-  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
-  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
-  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
-  Mem *pOut = 0;             /* Output operand */
-  int *aPermute = 0;         /* Permutation of columns for OP_Compare */
-  i64 lastRowid = db->lastRowid;  /* Saved value of the last insert ROWID */
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-  u64 start;                 /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
-#endif
-  /*** INSERT STACK UNION HERE ***/
-
-  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
-  sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
-    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
-  assert( p->bIsReader || p->readOnly!=0 );
-  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  p->iCurrentTime = 0;
-  assert( p->explain==0 );
-  p->pResultSet = 0;
-  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
-  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
-  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  if( db->xProgress ){
-    assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
-    nProgressLimit = (unsigned)p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
-    if( nProgressLimit==0 ){
-      nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps;
-    }else{
-      nProgressLimit %= (unsigned)db->nProgressOps;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  if( p->pc==0
-   && (p->db->flags & (SQLITE_VdbeListing|SQLITE_VdbeEQP|SQLITE_VdbeTrace))!=0
-  ){
-    int i;
-    int once = 1;
-    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
-    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing ){
-      printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
-      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &aOp[i]);
-      }
-    }
-    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeEQP ){
-      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
-        if( aOp[i].opcode==OP_Explain ){
-          if( once ) printf("VDBE Query Plan:\n");
-          printf("%s\n", aOp[i].p4.z);
-          once = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace )  printf("VDBE Trace:\n");
-  }
-  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-#endif
-  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
-    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
-#endif
-    nVmStep++;
-    pOp = &aOp[pc];
-
-    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
-    */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
-      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, pc, pOp);
-    }
-#endif
-      
-
-    /* Check to see if we need to simulate an interrupt.  This only happens
-    ** if we have a special test build.
-    */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    if( sqlite3_interrupt_count>0 ){
-      sqlite3_interrupt_count--;
-      if( sqlite3_interrupt_count==0 ){
-        sqlite3_interrupt(db);
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* On any opcode with the "out2-prerelease" tag, free any
-    ** external allocations out of mem[p2] and set mem[p2] to be
-    ** an undefined integer.  Opcodes will either fill in the integer
-    ** value or convert mem[p2] to a different type.
-    */
-    assert( pOp->opflags==sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] );
-    if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-      memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-      if( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut) ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    }
-
-    /* Sanity checking on other operands */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p1>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p1<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p1]) );
-      assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(&aMem[pOp->p1]) );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, &aMem[pOp->p1]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p2]) );
-      assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(&aMem[pOp->p2]) );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
-      assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
-    }
-    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
-      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-      assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-      memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-    }
-#endif
-  
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
-** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
-** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
-** that is a lot of wasted space on the left margin.  So the code within
-** the switch statement will break with convention and be flush-left. Another
-** big comment (similar to this one) will mark the point in the code where
-** we transition back to normal indentation.
-**
-** The formatting of each case is important.  The makefile for SQLite
-** generates two C files "opcodes.h" and "opcodes.c" by scanning this
-** file looking for lines that begin with "case OP_".  The opcodes.h files
-** will be filled with #defines that give unique integer values to each
-** opcode and the opcodes.c file is filled with an array of strings where
-** each string is the symbolic name for the corresponding opcode.  If the
-** case statement is followed by a comment of the form "/# same as ... #/"
-** that comment is used to determine the particular value of the opcode.
-**
-** Other keywords in the comment that follows each case are used to
-** construct the OPFLG_INITIALIZER value that initializes opcodeProperty[].
-** Keywords include: in1, in2, in3, out2_prerelease, out2, out3.  See
-** the mkopcodeh.awk script for additional information.
-**
-** Documentation about VDBE opcodes is generated by scanning this file
-** for lines of that contain "Opcode:".  That line and all subsequent
-** comment lines are used in the generation of the opcode.html documentation
-** file.
-**
-** SUMMARY:
-**
-**     Formatting is important to scripts that scan this file.
-**     Do not deviate from the formatting style currently in use.
-**
-*****************************************************************************/
-
-/* Opcode:  Goto * P2 * * *
-**
-** An unconditional jump to address P2.
-** The next instruction executed will be 
-** the one at index P2 from the beginning of
-** the program.
-**
-** The P1 parameter is not actually used by this opcode.  However, it
-** is sometimes set to 1 instead of 0 as a hint to the command-line shell
-** that this Goto is the bottom of a loop and that the lines from P2 down
-** to the current line should be indented for EXPLAIN output.
-*/
-case OP_Goto: {             /* jump */
-  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-
-  /* Opcodes that are used as the bottom of a loop (OP_Next, OP_Prev,
-  ** OP_VNext, OP_RowSetNext, or OP_SorterNext) all jump here upon
-  ** completion.  Check to see if sqlite3_interrupt() has been called
-  ** or if the progress callback needs to be invoked. 
-  **
-  ** This code uses unstructured "goto" statements and does not look clean.
-  ** But that is not due to sloppy coding habits. The code is written this
-  ** way for performance, to avoid having to run the interrupt and progress
-  ** checks on every opcode.  This helps sqlite3_step() to run about 1.5%
-  ** faster according to "valgrind --tool=cachegrind" */
-check_for_interrupt:
-  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  /* Call the progress callback if it is configured and the required number
-  ** of VDBE ops have been executed (either since this invocation of
-  ** sqlite3VdbeExec() or since last time the progress callback was called).
-  ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
-  ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
-  */
-  if( db->xProgress!=0 && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit ){
-    assert( db->nProgressOps!=0 );
-    nProgressLimit = nVmStep + db->nProgressOps - (nVmStep%db->nProgressOps);
-    if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
-      rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-      goto vdbe_error_halt;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write the current address onto register P1
-** and then jump to address P2.
-*/
-case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump */
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pIn1)==0 );
-  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
-  pIn1->u.i = pc;
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
-  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Return P1 * * * *
-**
-** Jump to the next instruction after the address in register P1.  After
-** the jump, register P1 becomes undefined.
-*/
-case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
-  pc = (int)pIn1->u.i;
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Undefined;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: InitCoroutine P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Set up register P1 so that it will Yield to the coroutine
-** located at address P3.
-**
-** If P2!=0 then the coroutine implementation immediately follows
-** this opcode.  So jump over the coroutine implementation to
-** address P2.
-**
-** See also: EndCoroutine
-*/
-case OP_InitCoroutine: {     /* jump */
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 &&  pOp->p1<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  assert( pOp->p2>=0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );
-  assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<p->nOp );
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( !VdbeMemDynamic(pOut) );
-  pOut->u.i = pOp->p3 - 1;
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-  if( pOp->p2 ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  EndCoroutine P1 * * * *
-**
-** The instruction at the address in register P1 is a Yield.
-** Jump to the P2 parameter of that Yield.
-** After the jump, register P1 becomes undefined.
-**
-** See also: InitCoroutine
-*/
-case OP_EndCoroutine: {           /* in1 */
-  VdbeOp *pCaller;
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags==MEM_Int );
-  assert( pIn1->u.i>=0 && pIn1->u.i<p->nOp );
-  pCaller = &aOp[pIn1->u.i];
-  assert( pCaller->opcode==OP_Yield );
-  assert( pCaller->p2>=0 && pCaller->p2<p->nOp );
-  pc = pCaller->p2 - 1;
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Undefined;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Yield P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Swap the program counter with the value in register P1.  This
-** has the effect of yielding to a coroutine.
-**
-** If the coroutine that is launched by this instruction ends with
-** Yield or Return then continue to the next instruction.  But if
-** the coroutine launched by this instruction ends with
-** EndCoroutine, then jump to P2 rather than continuing with the
-** next instruction.
-**
-** See also: InitCoroutine
-*/
-case OP_Yield: {            /* in1, jump */
-  int pcDest;
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pIn1)==0 );
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
-  pcDest = (int)pIn1->u.i;
-  pIn1->u.i = pc;
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
-  pc = pcDest;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  HaltIfNull  P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis:  if r[P3]=null halt
-**
-** Check the value in register P3.  If it is NULL then Halt using
-** parameter P1, P2, and P4 as if this were a Halt instruction.  If the
-** value in register P3 is not NULL, then this routine is a no-op.
-** The P5 parameter should be 1.
-*/
-case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ) break;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Halt */
-}
-
-/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 P5
-**
-** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, etc are closed
-** automatically.
-**
-** P1 is the result code returned by sqlite3_exec(), sqlite3_reset(),
-** or sqlite3_finalize().  For a normal halt, this should be SQLITE_OK (0).
-** For errors, it can be some other value.  If P1!=0 then P2 will determine
-** whether or not to rollback the current transaction.  Do not rollback
-** if P2==OE_Fail. Do the rollback if P2==OE_Rollback.  If P2==OE_Abort,
-** then back out all changes that have occurred during this execution of the
-** VDBE, but do not rollback the transaction. 
-**
-** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
-**
-** P5 is a value between 0 and 4, inclusive, that modifies the P4 string.
-**
-**    0:  (no change)
-**    1:  NOT NULL contraint failed: P4
-**    2:  UNIQUE constraint failed: P4
-**    3:  CHECK constraint failed: P4
-**    4:  FOREIGN KEY constraint failed: P4
-**
-** If P5 is not zero and P4 is NULL, then everything after the ":" is
-** omitted.
-**
-** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
-** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
-** is the same as executing Halt.
-*/
-case OP_Halt: {
-  const char *zType;
-  const char *zLogFmt;
-
-  if( pOp->p1==SQLITE_OK && p->pFrame ){
-    /* Halt the sub-program. Return control to the parent frame. */
-    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->pFrame;
-    p->pFrame = pFrame->pParent;
-    p->nFrame--;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
-    pc = sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
-    lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
-    if( pOp->p2==OE_Ignore ){
-      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
-      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
-      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
-      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
-      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
-      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
-    }
-    aOp = p->aOp;
-    aMem = p->aMem;
-    break;
-  }
-  p->rc = pOp->p1;
-  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
-  p->pc = pc;
-  if( p->rc ){
-    if( pOp->p5 ){
-      static const char * const azType[] = { "NOT NULL", "UNIQUE", "CHECK",
-                                             "FOREIGN KEY" };
-      assert( pOp->p5>=1 && pOp->p5<=4 );
-      testcase( pOp->p5==1 );
-      testcase( pOp->p5==2 );
-      testcase( pOp->p5==3 );
-      testcase( pOp->p5==4 );
-      zType = azType[pOp->p5-1];
-    }else{
-      zType = 0;
-    }
-    assert( zType!=0 || pOp->p4.z!=0 );
-    zLogFmt = "abort at %d in [%s]: %s";
-    if( zType && pOp->p4.z ){
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s constraint failed: %s", 
-                       zType, pOp->p4.z);
-    }else if( pOp->p4.z ){
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s constraint failed", zType);
-    }
-    sqlite3_log(pOp->p1, zLogFmt, pc, p->zSql, p->zErrMsg);
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_ERROR );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else{
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT );
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || db->nDeferredCons>0 || db->nDeferredImmCons>0 );
-    rc = p->rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_DONE;
-  }
-  goto vdbe_return;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=P1
-**
-** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=P4
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
-** Write that value into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );
-  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=P4
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
-** Write that value into register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Real;
-  assert( !sqlite3IsNaN(*pOp->p4.pReal) );
-  pOut->u.r = *pOp->p4.pReal;
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: String8 * P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]='P4'
-**
-** P4 points to a nul terminated UTF-8 string. This opcode is transformed 
-** into a String before it is executed for the first time.  During
-** this transformation, the length of string P4 is computed and stored
-** as the P1 parameter.
-*/
-case OP_String8: {         /* same as TK_STRING, out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
-  pOp->opcode = OP_String;
-  pOp->p1 = sqlite3Strlen30(pOp->p4.z);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  if( encoding!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG ) goto too_big;
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding) ) goto no_mem;
-    assert( pOut->szMalloc>0 && pOut->zMalloc==pOut->z );
-    assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut)==0 );
-    pOut->szMalloc = 0;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Static;
-    if( pOp->p4type==P4_DYNAMIC ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->p4.z);
-    }
-    pOp->p4type = P4_DYNAMIC;
-    pOp->p4.z = pOut->z;
-    pOp->p1 = pOut->n;
-  }
-#endif
-  if( pOp->p1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  /* Fall through to the next case, OP_String */
-}
-  
-/* Opcode: String P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)
-**
-** The string value P4 of length P1 (bytes) is stored in register P2.
-*/
-case OP_String: {          /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
-  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
-  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Null P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P2..P3]=NULL
-**
-** Write a NULL into registers P2.  If P3 greater than P2, then also write
-** NULL into register P3 and every register in between P2 and P3.  If P3
-** is less than P2 (typically P3 is zero) then only register P2 is
-** set to NULL.
-**
-** If the P1 value is non-zero, then also set the MEM_Cleared flag so that
-** NULL values will not compare equal even if SQLITE_NULLEQ is set on
-** OP_Ne or OP_Eq.
-*/
-case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  int cnt;
-  u16 nullFlag;
-  cnt = pOp->p3-pOp->p2;
-  assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pOut->flags = nullFlag = pOp->p1 ? (MEM_Null|MEM_Cleared) : MEM_Null;
-  while( cnt>0 ){
-    pOut++;
-    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-    pOut->flags = nullFlag;
-    cnt--;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SoftNull P1 * * * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P1]=NULL
-**
-** Set register P1 to have the value NULL as seen by the OP_MakeRecord
-** instruction, but do not free any string or blob memory associated with
-** the register, so that if the value was a string or blob that was
-** previously copied using OP_SCopy, the copies will continue to be valid.
-*/
-case OP_SoftNull: {
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut->flags = (pOut->flags|MEM_Null)&~MEM_Undefined;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)
-**
-** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
-** blob in register P2.
-*/
-case OP_Blob: {                /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p1 <= SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, pOp->p1, 0, 0);
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)
-**
-** Transfer the values of bound parameter P1 into register P2
-**
-** If the parameter is named, then its name appears in P4.
-** The P4 value is used by sqlite3_bind_parameter_name().
-*/
-case OP_Variable: {            /* out2-prerelease */
-  Mem *pVar;       /* Value being transferred */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nVar );
-  assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || pOp->p4.z==p->azVar[pOp->p1-1] );
-  pVar = &p->aVar[pOp->p1 - 1];
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pVar) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pVar, MEM_Static);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]
-**
-** Move the P3 values in register P1..P1+P3-1 over into
-** registers P2..P2+P3-1.  Registers P1..P1+P3-1 are
-** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
-** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.  It is an error
-** for P3 to be less than 1.
-*/
-case OP_Move: {
-  int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
-  int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
-  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */
-
-  n = pOp->p3;
-  p1 = pOp->p1;
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
-  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
-  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[p2];
-  do{
-    assert( pOut<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
-    assert( pIn1<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
-    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
-    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( pOut->pScopyFrom>=&aMem[p1] && pOut->pScopyFrom<&aMem[p1+pOp->p3] ){
-      pOut->pScopyFrom += p1 - pOp->p2;
-    }
-#endif
-    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
-    pIn1++;
-    pOut++;
-  }while( --n );
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]
-**
-** Make a copy of registers P1..P1+P3 into registers P2..P2+P3.
-**
-** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
-** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
-*/
-case OP_Copy: {
-  int n;
-
-  n = pOp->p3;
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
-  while( 1 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
-    Deephemeralize(pOut);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    pOut->pScopyFrom = 0;
-#endif
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+pOp->p3-n, pOut);
-    if( (n--)==0 ) break;
-    pOut++;
-    pIn1++;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SCopy P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]
-**
-** Make a shallow copy of register P1 into register P2.
-**
-** This instruction makes a shallow copy of the value.  If the value
-** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
-** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
-** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
-** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
-** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
-** copy.
-*/
-case OP_SCopy: {            /* out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( pOut->pScopyFrom==0 ) pOut->pScopyFrom = pIn1;
-#endif
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis:  output=r[P1@P2]
-**
-** The registers P1 through P1+P2-1 contain a single row of
-** results. This opcode causes the sqlite3_step() call to terminate
-** with an SQLITE_ROW return code and it sets up the sqlite3_stmt
-** structure to provide access to the r(P1)..r(P1+P2-1) values as
-** the result row.
-*/
-case OP_ResultRow: {
-  Mem *pMem;
-  int i;
-  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  /* Run the progress counter just before returning.
-  */
-  if( db->xProgress!=0
-   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit
-   && db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg)!=0
-  ){
-    rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-    goto vdbe_error_halt;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* If this statement has violated immediate foreign key constraints, do
-  ** not return the number of rows modified. And do not RELEASE the statement
-  ** transaction. It needs to be rolled back.  */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0)) ){
-    assert( db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows );
-    assert( p->usesStmtJournal );
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* If the SQLITE_CountRows flag is set in sqlite3.flags mask, then 
-  ** DML statements invoke this opcode to return the number of rows 
-  ** modified to the user. This is the only way that a VM that
-  ** opens a statement transaction may invoke this opcode.
-  **
-  ** In case this is such a statement, close any statement transaction
-  ** opened by this VM before returning control to the user. This is to
-  ** ensure that statement-transactions are always nested, not overlapping.
-  ** If the open statement-transaction is not closed here, then the user
-  ** may step another VM that opens its own statement transaction. This
-  ** may lead to overlapping statement transactions.
-  **
-  ** The statement transaction is never a top-level transaction.  Hence
-  ** the RELEASE call below can never fail.
-  */
-  assert( p->iStatement==0 || db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(p, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE);
-  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ){
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
-  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;
-
-  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
-  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
-  ** a side effect.
-  */
-  pMem = p->pResultSet = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
-    assert( memIsValid(&pMem[i]) );
-    Deephemeralize(&pMem[i]);
-    assert( (pMem[i].flags & MEM_Ephem)==0
-            || (pMem[i].flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-
-  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
-  */
-  p->pc = pc + 1;
-  rc = SQLITE_ROW;
-  goto vdbe_return;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]
-**
-** Add the text in register P1 onto the end of the text in
-** register P2 and store the result in register P3.
-** If either the P1 or P2 text are NULL then store NULL in P3.
-**
-**   P3 = P2 || P1
-**
-** It is illegal for P1 and P3 to be the same register. Sometimes,
-** if P3 is the same register as P2, the implementation is able
-** to avoid a memcpy().
-*/
-case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
-  i64 nByte;
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pIn1!=pOut );
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-    break;
-  }
-  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
-  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
-  Stringify(pIn2, encoding);
-  nByte = pIn1->n + pIn2->n;
-  if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)nByte+2, pOut==pIn2) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Str);
-  if( pOut!=pIn2 ){
-    memcpy(pOut->z, pIn2->z, pIn2->n);
-  }
-  memcpy(&pOut->z[pIn2->n], pIn1->z, pIn1->n);
-  pOut->z[nByte]=0;
-  pOut->z[nByte+1] = 0;
-  pOut->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  pOut->n = (int)nByte;
-  pOut->enc = encoding;
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Add P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2]
-**
-** Add the value in register P1 to the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Multiply P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2]
-**
-**
-** Multiply the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Subtract P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1]
-**
-** Subtract the value in register P1 from the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Divide P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]
-**
-** Divide the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3 (P3=P2/P1). If the value in 
-** register P1 is zero, then the result is NULL. If either input is 
-** NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Remainder P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]
-**
-** Compute the remainder after integer register P2 is divided by 
-** register P1 and store the result in register P3. 
-** If the value in register P1 is zero the result is NULL.
-** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
-  char bIntint;   /* Started out as two integer operands */
-  u16 flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
-  u16 type1;      /* Numeric type of left operand */
-  u16 type2;      /* Numeric type of right operand */
-  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
-  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
-  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
-  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  type1 = numericType(pIn1);
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  type2 = numericType(pIn2);
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
-  if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-  if( (type1 & type2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
-    iA = pIn1->u.i;
-    iB = pIn2->u.i;
-    bIntint = 1;
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-      case OP_Add:       if( sqlite3AddInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
-      case OP_Subtract:  if( sqlite3SubInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
-      case OP_Multiply:  if( sqlite3MulInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
-      case OP_Divide: {
-        if( iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        if( iA==-1 && iB==SMALLEST_INT64 ) goto fp_math;
-        iB /= iA;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        if( iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        if( iA==-1 ) iA = 1;
-        iB %= iA;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    pOut->u.i = iB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  }else{
-    bIntint = 0;
-fp_math:
-    rA = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1);
-    rB = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn2);
-    switch( pOp->opcode ){
-      case OP_Add:         rB += rA;       break;
-      case OP_Subtract:    rB -= rA;       break;
-      case OP_Multiply:    rB *= rA;       break;
-      case OP_Divide: {
-        /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
-        if( rA==(double)0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        rB /= rA;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        iA = (i64)rA;
-        iB = (i64)rB;
-        if( iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-        if( iA==-1 ) iA = 1;
-        rB = (double)(iB % iA);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    pOut->u.i = rB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-#else
-    if( sqlite3IsNaN(rB) ){
-      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
-    }
-    pOut->u.r = rB;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
-    if( ((type1|type2)&MEM_Real)==0 && !bIntint ){
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  break;
-
-arithmetic_result_is_null:
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: CollSeq P1 * * P4
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq struct. If the next call to a user function
-** or aggregate calls sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq(), this collation sequence will
-** be returned. This is used by the built-in min(), max() and nullif()
-** functions.
-**
-** If P1 is not zero, then it is a register that a subsequent min() or
-** max() aggregate will set to 1 if the current row is not the minimum or
-** maximum.  The P1 register is initialized to 0 by this instruction.
-**
-** The interface used by the implementation of the aforementioned functions
-** to retrieve the collation sequence set by this opcode is not available
-** publicly, only to user functions defined in func.c.
-*/
-case OP_CollSeq: {
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
-  if( pOp->p1 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[pOp->p1], 0);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a Function structure that
-** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
-** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
-** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** See also: AggStep and AggFinal
-*/
-case OP_Function: {
-  int i;
-  Mem *pArg;
-  sqlite3_context ctx;
-  sqlite3_value **apVal;
-  int n;
-
-  n = pOp->p5;
-  apVal = p->apArg;
-  assert( apVal || n==0 );
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  ctx.pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  memAboutToChange(p, ctx.pOut);
-
-  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1) );
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
-  pArg = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
-    assert( memIsValid(pArg) );
-    apVal[i] = pArg;
-    Deephemeralize(pArg);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+i, pArg);
-  }
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
-  ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  ctx.iOp = pc;
-  ctx.pVdbe = p;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(ctx.pOut, MEM_Null);
-  ctx.fErrorOrAux = 0;
-  db->lastRowid = lastRowid;
-  (*ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&ctx, n, apVal); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-  lastRowid = db->lastRowid;  /* Remember rowid changes made by xFunc */
-
-  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
-  if( ctx.fErrorOrAux ){
-    if( ctx.isError ){
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(ctx.pOut));
-      rc = ctx.isError;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(p, pc, pOp->p1);
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(ctx.pOut, encoding);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(ctx.pOut) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, ctx.pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(ctx.pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: BitAnd P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]
-**
-** Take the bit-wise AND of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: BitOr P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]
-**
-** Take the bit-wise OR of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: ShiftLeft P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]
-**
-** Shift the integer value in register P2 to the left by the
-** number of bits specified by the integer in register P1.
-** Store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-/* Opcode: ShiftRight P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1]
-**
-** Shift the integer value in register P2 to the right by the
-** number of bits specified by the integer in register P1.
-** Store the result in register P3.
-** If either input is NULL, the result is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_BitAnd:                 /* same as TK_BITAND, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_BitOr:                  /* same as TK_BITOR, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_ShiftLeft:              /* same as TK_LSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
-  i64 iA;
-  u64 uA;
-  i64 iB;
-  u8 op;
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-    break;
-  }
-  iA = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
-  iB = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
-  op = pOp->opcode;
-  if( op==OP_BitAnd ){
-    iA &= iB;
-  }else if( op==OP_BitOr ){
-    iA |= iB;
-  }else if( iB!=0 ){
-    assert( op==OP_ShiftRight || op==OP_ShiftLeft );
-
-    /* If shifting by a negative amount, shift in the other direction */
-    if( iB<0 ){
-      assert( OP_ShiftRight==OP_ShiftLeft+1 );
-      op = 2*OP_ShiftLeft + 1 - op;
-      iB = iB>(-64) ? -iB : 64;
-    }
-
-    if( iB>=64 ){
-      iA = (iA>=0 || op==OP_ShiftLeft) ? 0 : -1;
-    }else{
-      memcpy(&uA, &iA, sizeof(uA));
-      if( op==OP_ShiftLeft ){
-        uA <<= iB;
-      }else{
-        uA >>= iB;
-        /* Sign-extend on a right shift of a negative number */
-        if( iA<0 ) uA |= ((((u64)0xffffffff)<<32)|0xffffffff) << (64-iB);
-      }
-      memcpy(&iA, &uA, sizeof(iA));
-    }
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = iA;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P1]=r[P1]+P2
-** 
-** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
-** The result is always an integer.
-**
-** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
-*/
-case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
-** 
-** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value
-** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
-** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
-** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
-*/
-case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
-    VdbeBranchTaken((pIn1->flags&MEM_Int)==0, 2);
-    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-      if( pOp->p2==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }else{
-        pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Int);
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-/* Opcode: RealAffinity P1 * * * *
-**
-** If register P1 holds an integer convert it to a real value.
-**
-** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
-** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
-** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
-** to have only a real value.
-*/
-case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-/* Opcode: Cast P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: affinity(r[P1])
-**
-** Force the value in register P1 to be the type defined by P2.
-** 
-** <ul>
-** <li value="97"> TEXT
-** <li value="98"> BLOB
-** <li value="99"> NUMERIC
-** <li value="100"> INTEGER
-** <li value="101"> REAL
-** </ul>
-**
-** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
-*/
-case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
-  assert( pOp->p2>=SQLITE_AFF_NONE && pOp->p2<=SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
-  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
-  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
-  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
-  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
-  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
-  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemCast(pIn1, pOp->p2, encoding);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
-
-/* Opcode: Lt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]<r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** Compare the values in register P1 and P3.  If reg(P3)<reg(P1) then
-** jump to address P2.  
-**
-** If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit of P5 is set and either reg(P1) or
-** reg(P3) is NULL then take the jump.  If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL 
-** bit is clear then fall through if either operand is NULL.
-**
-** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK portion of P5 must be an affinity character -
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made 
-** to coerce both inputs according to this affinity before the
-** comparison is made. If the SQLITE_AFF_MASK is 0x00, then numeric
-** affinity is used. Note that the affinity conversions are stored
-** back into the input registers P1 and P3.  So this opcode can cause
-** persistent changes to registers P1 and P3.
-**
-** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL, 
-** the values are compared. If both values are blobs then memcmp() is
-** used to determine the results of the comparison.  If both values
-** are text, then the appropriate collating function specified in
-** P4 is  used to do the comparison.  If P4 is not specified then
-** memcmp() is used to compare text string.  If both values are
-** numeric, then a numeric comparison is used. If the two values
-** are of different types, then numbers are considered less than
-** strings and strings are considered less than blobs.
-**
-** If the SQLITE_STOREP2 bit of P5 is set, then do not jump.  Instead,
-** store a boolean result (either 0, or 1, or NULL) in register P2.
-**
-** If the SQLITE_NULLEQ bit is set in P5, then NULL values are considered
-** equal to one another, provided that they do not have their MEM_Cleared
-** bit set.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Ne P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]!=r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are not equal.  See the Lt opcode for
-** additional information.
-**
-** If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set in P5 then the result of comparison is always either
-** true or false and is never NULL.  If both operands are NULL then the result
-** of comparison is false.  If either operand is NULL then the result is true.
-** If neither operand is NULL the result is the same as it would be if
-** the SQLITE_NULLEQ flag were omitted from P5.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Eq P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]==r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the operands in registers P1 and P3 are equal.
-** See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-**
-** If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set in P5 then the result of comparison is always either
-** true or false and is never NULL.  If both operands are NULL then the result
-** of comparison is true.  If either operand is NULL then the result is false.
-** If neither operand is NULL the result is the same as it would be if
-** the SQLITE_NULLEQ flag were omitted from P5.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Le P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]<=r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is less than or equal to the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Gt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]>r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is greater than the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Ge P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]>=r[P3] goto P2
-**
-** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
-** the content of register P3 is greater than or equal to the content of
-** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
-case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
-  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
-  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
-  u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
-  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  flags1 = pIn1->flags;
-  flags3 = pIn3->flags;
-  if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Null ){
-    /* One or both operands are NULL */
-    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
-      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
-      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
-      ** or not both operands are null.
-      */
-      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Eq || pOp->opcode==OP_Ne );
-      assert( (flags1 & MEM_Cleared)==0 );
-      assert( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL)==0 );
-      if( (flags1&MEM_Null)!=0
-       && (flags3&MEM_Null)!=0
-       && (flags3&MEM_Cleared)==0
-      ){
-        res = 0;  /* Results are equal */
-      }else{
-        res = 1;  /* Results are not equal */
-      }
-    }else{
-      /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
-      ** then the result is always NULL.
-      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
-        pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-      }else{
-        VdbeBranchTaken(2,3);
-        if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
-          pc = pOp->p2-1;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
-    affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
-    if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
-      if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
-        applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
-      }
-      if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
-        applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
-      }
-    }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
-      if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Str)==0 && (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
-        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
-        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
-        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
-      }
-      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Str)==0 && (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
-        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
-        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
-        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
-      }
-    }
-    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ || pOp->p4.pColl==0 );
-    if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn1);
-      flags1 &= ~MEM_Zero;
-    }
-    if( pIn3->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn3);
-      flags3 &= ~MEM_Zero;
-    }
-    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
-    res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
-  }
-  switch( pOp->opcode ){
-    case OP_Eq:    res = res==0;     break;
-    case OP_Ne:    res = res!=0;     break;
-    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;
-    case OP_Le:    res = res<=0;     break;
-    case OP_Gt:    res = res>0;      break;
-    default:       res = res>=0;     break;
-  }
-
-  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
-    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-    pOut->u.i = res;
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-  }else{
-    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
-    if( res ){
-      pc = pOp->p2-1;
-    }
-  }
-  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
-  pIn1->flags = flags1;
-  pIn3->flags = flags3;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
-**
-** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
-** of integers in P4.
-**
-** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Compare that has
-** the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set in P5. Typically the OP_Permutation should 
-** occur immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
-*/
-case OP_Permutation: {
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
-  assert( pOp->p4.ai );
-  aPermute = pOp->p4.ai;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]
-**
-** Compare two vectors of registers in reg(P1)..reg(P1+P3-1) (call this
-** vector "A") and in reg(P2)..reg(P2+P3-1) ("B").  Save the result of
-** the comparison for use by the next OP_Jump instruct.
-**
-** If P5 has the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set, then the order of comparison is
-** determined by the most recent OP_Permutation operator.  If the
-** OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit is clear, then register are compared in sequential
-** order.
-**
-** P4 is a KeyInfo structure that defines collating sequences and sort
-** orders for the comparison.  The permutation applies to registers
-** only.  The KeyInfo elements are used sequentially.
-**
-** The comparison is a sort comparison, so NULLs compare equal,
-** NULLs are less than numbers, numbers are less than strings,
-** and strings are less than blobs.
-*/
-case OP_Compare: {
-  int n;
-  int i;
-  int p1;
-  int p2;
-  const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int idx;
-  CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
-  int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
-
-  if( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PERMUTE)==0 ) aPermute = 0;
-  n = pOp->p3;
-  pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-  assert( n>0 );
-  assert( pKeyInfo!=0 );
-  p1 = pOp->p1;
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
-#if SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( aPermute ){
-    int k, mx = 0;
-    for(k=0; k<n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
-    assert( p1>0 && p1+mx<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-    assert( p2>0 && p2+mx<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-  }else{
-    assert( p1>0 && p1+n<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-    assert( p2>0 && p2+n<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
-    idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
-    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p1+idx]) );
-    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p2+idx]) );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
-    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
-    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
-    pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
-    bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
-    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
-    if( iCompare ){
-      if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  aPermute = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Jump P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to the instruction at address P1, P2, or P3 depending on whether
-** in the most recent OP_Compare instruction the P1 vector was less than
-** equal to, or greater than the P2 vector, respectively.
-*/
-case OP_Jump: {             /* jump */
-  if( iCompare<0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p1 - 1;  VdbeBranchTaken(0,3);
-  }else if( iCompare==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;  VdbeBranchTaken(1,3);
-  }else{
-    pc = pOp->p3 - 1;  VdbeBranchTaken(2,3);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: And P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])
-**
-** Take the logical AND of the values in registers P1 and P2 and
-** write the result into register P3.
-**
-** If either P1 or P2 is 0 (false) then the result is 0 even if
-** the other input is NULL.  A NULL and true or two NULLs give
-** a NULL output.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Or P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])
-**
-** Take the logical OR of the values in register P1 and P2 and
-** store the answer in register P3.
-**
-** If either P1 or P2 is nonzero (true) then the result is 1 (true)
-** even if the other input is NULL.  A NULL and false or two NULLs
-** give a NULL output.
-*/
-case OP_And:              /* same as TK_AND, in1, in2, out3 */
-case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
-  int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-  int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    v1 = 2;
-  }else{
-    v1 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
-  }
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  if( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    v2 = 2;
-  }else{
-    v2 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2)!=0;
-  }
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
-    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };
-    v1 = and_logic[v1*3+v2];
-  }else{
-    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
-    v1 = or_logic[v1*3+v2];
-  }
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( v1==2 ){
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-  }else{
-    pOut->u.i = v1;
-    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Not P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]
-**
-** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
-** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
-** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
-*/
-case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pOut->u.i = !sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: BitNot P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P1]= ~r[P1]
-**
-** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Store the
-** ones-complement of the P1 value into register P2.  If P1 holds
-** a NULL then store a NULL in P2.
-*/
-case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1, out2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pOut->u.i = ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Check the "once" flag number P1. If it is set, jump to instruction P2. 
-** Otherwise, set the flag and fall through to the next instruction.
-** In other words, this opcode causes all following opcodes up through P2
-** (but not including P2) to run just once and to be skipped on subsequent
-** times through the loop.
-**
-** All "once" flags are initially cleared whenever a prepared statement
-** first begins to run.
-*/
-case OP_Once: {             /* jump */
-  assert( pOp->p1<p->nOnceFlag );
-  VdbeBranchTaken(p->aOnceFlag[pOp->p1]!=0, 2);
-  if( p->aOnceFlag[pOp->p1] ){
-    pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }else{
-    p->aOnceFlag[pOp->p1] = 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value
-** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
-** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if and only if P3 is non-zero.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value
-** is considered false if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
-** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if and only if P3 is non-zero.
-*/
-case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
-case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
-  int c;
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    c = pOp->p3;
-  }else{
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-    c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
-#else
-    c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
-#endif
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) c = !c;
-  }
-  VdbeBranchTaken(c!=0, 2);
-  if( c ){
-    pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis:  if r[P1]==NULL goto P2
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
-*/
-case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  VdbeBranchTaken( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0, 2);
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2
-**
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
-*/
-case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  VdbeBranchTaken( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0, 2);
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=PX
-**
-** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
-** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
-** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
-** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1) 
-** values in the record, extract a NULL.
-**
-** The value extracted is stored in register P3.
-**
-** If the column contains fewer than P2 fields, then extract a NULL.  Or,
-** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
-** the result.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE bit is set on P5 and P1 is a pseudo-table cursor,
-** then the cache of the cursor is reset prior to extracting the column.
-** The first OP_Column against a pseudo-table after the value of the content
-** register has changed should have this bit set.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG bits are set on P5 when
-** the result is guaranteed to only be used as the argument of a length()
-** or typeof() function, respectively.  The loading of large blobs can be
-** skipped for length() and all content loading can be skipped for typeof().
-*/
-case OP_Column: {
-  i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
-  int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */
-  u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
-  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
-  int i;             /* Loop counter */
-  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
-  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */
-  const u8 *zData;   /* Part of the record being decoded */
-  const u8 *zHdr;    /* Next unparsed byte of the header */
-  const u8 *zEndHdr; /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
-  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
-  u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
-  u32 avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
-  u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
-  u16 fx;            /* pDest->flags value */
-  Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
-
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pDest);
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( p2<pC->nField );
-  aOffset = pC->aOffset;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  assert( pC->pVtabCursor==0 ); /* OP_Column never called on virtual table */
-#endif
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 || pC->pseudoTableReg>0 ); /* pCrsr NULL on PseudoTables */
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 || pC->nullRow );          /* pC->nullRow on PseudoTables */
-
-  /* If the cursor cache is stale, bring it up-to-date */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(pC);
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){
-    if( pC->nullRow ){
-      if( pCrsr==0 ){
-        assert( pC->pseudoTableReg>0 );
-        pReg = &aMem[pC->pseudoTableReg];
-        assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
-        assert( memIsValid(pReg) );
-        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = avail = pReg->n;
-        pC->aRow = (u8*)pReg->z;
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
-        goto op_column_out;
-      }
-    }else{
-      assert( pCrsr );
-      if( pC->isTable==0 ){
-        assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
-        VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCrsr, &payloadSize64);
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK ); /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
-        /* sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr() uses getVarint32() to extract the
-        ** payload size, so it is impossible for payloadSize64 to be
-        ** larger than 32 bits. */
-        assert( (payloadSize64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)==(u64)payloadSize64 );
-        pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(pCrsr, &avail);
-        pC->payloadSize = (u32)payloadSize64;
-      }else{
-        assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
-        VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeDataSize(pCrsr, &pC->payloadSize);
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* DataSize() cannot fail */
-        pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(pCrsr, &avail);
-      }
-      assert( avail<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */
-      if( pC->payloadSize <= (u32)avail ){
-        pC->szRow = pC->payloadSize;
-      }else{
-        pC->szRow = avail;
-      }
-      if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-        goto too_big;
-      }
-    }
-    pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;
-    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, offset);
-    pC->nHdrParsed = 0;
-    aOffset[0] = offset;
-
-    /* Make sure a corrupt database has not given us an oversize header.
-    ** Do this now to avoid an oversize memory allocation.
-    **
-    ** Type entries can be between 1 and 5 bytes each.  But 4 and 5 byte
-    ** types use so much data space that there can only be 4096 and 32 of
-    ** them, respectively.  So the maximum header length results from a
-    ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
-    ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
-    */
-    if( offset > 98307 || offset > pC->payloadSize ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto op_column_error;
-    }
-
-    if( avail<offset ){
-      /* pC->aRow does not have to hold the entire row, but it does at least
-      ** need to cover the header of the record.  If pC->aRow does not contain
-      ** the complete header, then set it to zero, forcing the header to be
-      ** dynamically allocated. */
-      pC->aRow = 0;
-      pC->szRow = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* The following goto is an optimization.  It can be omitted and
-    ** everything will still work.  But OP_Column is measurably faster
-    ** by skipping the subsequent conditional, which is always true.
-    */
-    assert( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 );         /* Conditional skipped */
-    goto op_column_read_header;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure at least the first p2+1 entries of the header have been
-  ** parsed and valid information is in aOffset[] and pC->aType[].
-  */
-  if( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 ){
-    /* If there is more header available for parsing in the record, try
-    ** to extract additional fields up through the p2+1-th field 
-    */
-    op_column_read_header:
-    if( pC->iHdrOffset<aOffset[0] ){
-      /* Make sure zData points to enough of the record to cover the header. */
-      if( pC->aRow==0 ){
-        memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
-        rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCrsr, 0, aOffset[0], 
-                                     !pC->isTable, &sMem);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto op_column_error;
-        }
-        zData = (u8*)sMem.z;
-      }else{
-        zData = pC->aRow;
-      }
-  
-      /* Fill in pC->aType[i] and aOffset[i] values through the p2-th field. */
-      i = pC->nHdrParsed;
-      offset = aOffset[i];
-      zHdr = zData + pC->iHdrOffset;
-      zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
-      assert( i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );
-      do{
-        if( zHdr[0]<0x80 ){
-          t = zHdr[0];
-          zHdr++;
-        }else{
-          zHdr += sqlite3GetVarint32(zHdr, &t);
-        }
-        pC->aType[i] = t;
-        szField = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t);
-        offset += szField;
-        if( offset<szField ){  /* True if offset overflows */
-          zHdr = &zEndHdr[1];  /* Forces SQLITE_CORRUPT return below */
-          break;
-        }
-        i++;
-        aOffset[i] = offset;
-      }while( i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );
-      pC->nHdrParsed = i;
-      pC->iHdrOffset = (u32)(zHdr - zData);
-      if( pC->aRow==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
-        sMem.flags = MEM_Null;
-      }
-  
-      /* The record is corrupt if any of the following are true:
-      ** (1) the bytes of the header extend past the declared header size
-      **          (zHdr>zEndHdr)
-      ** (2) the entire header was used but not all data was used
-      **          (zHdr==zEndHdr && offset!=pC->payloadSize)
-      ** (3) the end of the data extends beyond the end of the record.
-      **          (offset > pC->payloadSize)
-      */
-      if( (zHdr>=zEndHdr && (zHdr>zEndHdr || offset!=pC->payloadSize))
-       || (offset > pC->payloadSize)
-      ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto op_column_error;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* If after trying to extra new entries from the header, nHdrParsed is
-    ** still not up to p2, that means that the record has fewer than p2
-    ** columns.  So the result will be either the default value or a NULL.
-    */
-    if( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 ){
-      if( pOp->p4type==P4_MEM ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pDest, pOp->p4.pMem, MEM_Static);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
-      }
-      goto op_column_out;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Extract the content for the p2+1-th column.  Control can only
-  ** reach this point if aOffset[p2], aOffset[p2+1], and pC->aType[p2] are
-  ** all valid.
-  */
-  assert( p2<pC->nHdrParsed );
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pDest) );
-  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pDest) ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
-  t = pC->aType[p2];
-  if( pC->szRow>=aOffset[p2+1] ){
-    /* This is the common case where the desired content fits on the original
-    ** page - where the content is not on an overflow page */
-    sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(pC->aRow+aOffset[p2], t, pDest);
-  }else{
-    /* This branch happens only when content is on overflow pages */
-    if( ((pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG))!=0
-          && ((t>=12 && (t&1)==0) || (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG)!=0))
-     || (len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t))==0
-    ){
-      /* Content is irrelevant for
-      **    1. the typeof() function,
-      **    2. the length(X) function if X is a blob, and
-      **    3. if the content length is zero.
-      ** So we might as well use bogus content rather than reading
-      ** content from disk.  NULL will work for the value for strings
-      ** and blobs and whatever is in the payloadSize64 variable
-      ** will work for everything else. */
-      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(t<=13 ? (u8*)&payloadSize64 : 0, t, pDest);
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCrsr, aOffset[p2], len, !pC->isTable,
-                                   pDest);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto op_column_error;
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((const u8*)pDest->z, t, pDest);
-      pDest->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;
-    }
-  }
-  pDest->enc = encoding;
-
-op_column_out:
-  /* If the column value is an ephemeral string, go ahead and persist
-  ** that string in case the cursor moves before the column value is
-  ** used.  The following code does the equivalent of Deephemeralize()
-  ** but does it faster. */
-  if( (pDest->flags & MEM_Ephem)!=0 && pDest->z ){
-    fx = pDest->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob);
-    assert( fx!=0 );
-    zData = (const u8*)pDest->z;
-    len = pDest->n;
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pDest, len+2) ) goto no_mem;
-    memcpy(pDest->z, zData, len);
-    pDest->z[len] = 0;
-    pDest->z[len+1] = 0;
-    pDest->flags = fx|MEM_Term;
-  }
-op_column_error:
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])
-**
-** Apply affinities to a range of P2 registers starting with P1.
-**
-** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
-** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
-** memory cell in the range.
-*/
-case OP_Affinity: {
-  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
-  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
-
-  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
-  assert( zAffinity!=0 );
-  assert( zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  while( (cAff = *(zAffinity++))!=0 ){
-    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
-    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
-    applyAffinity(pIn1, cAff, encoding);
-    pIn1++;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])
-**
-** Convert P2 registers beginning with P1 into the [record format]
-** use as a data record in a database table or as a key
-** in an index.  The OP_Column opcode can decode the record later.
-**
-** P4 may be a string that is P2 characters long.  The nth character of the
-** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
-** field of the index key.
-**
-** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
-** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
-**
-** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
-*/
-case OP_MakeRecord: {
-  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
-  Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
-  u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
-  int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
-  i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */
-  int nZero;             /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
-  int nVarint;           /* Number of bytes in a varint */
-  u32 serial_type;       /* Type field */
-  Mem *pData0;           /* First field to be combined into the record */
-  Mem *pLast;            /* Last field of the record */
-  int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
-  char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
-  int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
-  int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] header */
-  int j;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] content */
-  int len;               /* Length of a field */
-
-  /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
-  ** like this:
-  **
-  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 | 
-  ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  **
-  ** Data(0) is taken from register P1.  Data(1) comes from register P1+1
-  ** and so forth.
-  **
-  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the 
-  ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
-  ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
-  ** of the record to data0.
-  */
-  nData = 0;         /* Number of bytes of data space */
-  nHdr = 0;          /* Number of bytes of header space */
-  nZero = 0;         /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
-  nField = pOp->p1;
-  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
-  assert( nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+nField<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-  pData0 = &aMem[nField];
-  nField = pOp->p2;
-  pLast = &pData0[nField-1];
-  file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;
-
-  /* Identify the output register */
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p1 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p1+pOp->p2 );
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-
-  /* Apply the requested affinity to all inputs
-  */
-  assert( pData0<=pLast );
-  if( zAffinity ){
-    pRec = pData0;
-    do{
-      applyAffinity(pRec++, *(zAffinity++), encoding);
-      assert( zAffinity[0]==0 || pRec<=pLast );
-    }while( zAffinity[0] );
-  }
-
-  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
-  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
-  */
-  pRec = pLast;
-  do{
-    assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
-    pRec->uTemp = serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format);
-    len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
-    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      if( nData ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec);
-      }else{
-        nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
-        len -= pRec->u.nZero;
-      }
-    }
-    nData += len;
-    testcase( serial_type==127 );
-    testcase( serial_type==128 );
-    nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
-  }while( (--pRec)>=pData0 );
-
-  /* Add the initial header varint and total the size */
-  testcase( nHdr==126 );
-  testcase( nHdr==127 );
-  if( nHdr<=126 ){
-    /* The common case */
-    nHdr += 1;
-  }else{
-    /* Rare case of a really large header */
-    nVarint = sqlite3VarintLen(nHdr);
-    nHdr += nVarint;
-    if( nVarint<sqlite3VarintLen(nHdr) ) nHdr++;
-  }
-  nByte = nHdr+nData;
-  if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store 
-  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
-  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
-  ** sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize() could clobber the value before it is used).
-  */
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, (int)nByte) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;
-
-  /* Write the record */
-  i = putVarint32(zNewRecord, nHdr);
-  j = nHdr;
-  assert( pData0<=pLast );
-  pRec = pData0;
-  do{
-    serial_type = pRec->uTemp;
-    i += putVarint32(&zNewRecord[i], serial_type);            /* serial type */
-    j += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&zNewRecord[j], pRec, serial_type); /* content */
-  }while( (++pRec)<=pLast );
-  assert( i==nHdr );
-  assert( j==nByte );
-
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pOut->n = (int)nByte;
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob;
-  if( nZero ){
-    pOut->u.nZero = nZero;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
-  }
-  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever converted to text */
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=count()
-**
-** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index 
-** opened by cursor P1 in register P2
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-case OP_Count: {         /* out2-prerelease */
-  i64 nEntry;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-
-  pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->pCursor;
-  assert( pCrsr );
-  nEntry = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(pCrsr, &nEntry);
-  pOut->u.i = nEntry;
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Open, release or rollback the savepoint named by parameter P4, depending
-** on the value of P1. To open a new savepoint, P1==0. To release (commit) an
-** existing savepoint, P1==1, or to rollback an existing savepoint P1==2.
-*/
-case OP_Savepoint: {
-  int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
-  char *zName;                    /* Name of savepoint */
-  int nName;
-  Savepoint *pNew;
-  Savepoint *pSavepoint;
-  Savepoint *pTmp;
-  int iSavepoint;
-  int ii;
-
-  p1 = pOp->p1;
-  zName = pOp->p4.z;
-
-  /* Assert that the p1 parameter is valid. Also that if there is no open
-  ** transaction, then there cannot be any savepoints. 
-  */
-  assert( db->pSavepoint==0 || db->autoCommit==0 );
-  assert( p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN||p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE||p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
-  assert( db->pSavepoint || db->isTransactionSavepoint==0 );
-  assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-
-  if( p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN ){
-    if( db->nVdbeWrite>0 ){
-      /* A new savepoint cannot be created if there are active write 
-      ** statements (i.e. open read/write incremental blob handles).
-      */
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot open savepoint - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-      nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-      /* This call is Ok even if this savepoint is actually a transaction
-      ** savepoint (and therefore should not prompt xSavepoint()) callbacks.
-      ** If this is a transaction savepoint being opened, it is guaranteed
-      ** that the db->aVTrans[] array is empty.  */
-      assert( db->autoCommit==0 || db->nVTrans==0 );
-      rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN,
-                                db->nStatement+db->nSavepoint);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-#endif
-
-      /* Create a new savepoint structure. */
-      pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(Savepoint)+nName+1);
-      if( pNew ){
-        pNew->zName = (char *)&pNew[1];
-        memcpy(pNew->zName, zName, nName+1);
-    
-        /* If there is no open transaction, then mark this as a special
-        ** "transaction savepoint". */
-        if( db->autoCommit ){
-          db->autoCommit = 0;
-          db->isTransactionSavepoint = 1;
-        }else{
-          db->nSavepoint++;
-        }
-    
-        /* Link the new savepoint into the database handle's list. */
-        pNew->pNext = db->pSavepoint;
-        db->pSavepoint = pNew;
-        pNew->nDeferredCons = db->nDeferredCons;
-        pNew->nDeferredImmCons = db->nDeferredImmCons;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    iSavepoint = 0;
-
-    /* Find the named savepoint. If there is no such savepoint, then an
-    ** an error is returned to the user.  */
-    for(
-      pSavepoint = db->pSavepoint; 
-      pSavepoint && sqlite3StrICmp(pSavepoint->zName, zName);
-      pSavepoint = pSavepoint->pNext
-    ){
-      iSavepoint++;
-    }
-    if( !pSavepoint ){
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "no such savepoint: %s", zName);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }else if( db->nVdbeWrite>0 && p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-      /* It is not possible to release (commit) a savepoint if there are 
-      ** active write statements.
-      */
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, 
-        "cannot release savepoint - SQL statements in progress"
-      );
-      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-    }else{
-
-      /* Determine whether or not this is a transaction savepoint. If so,
-      ** and this is a RELEASE command, then the current transaction 
-      ** is committed. 
-      */
-      int isTransaction = pSavepoint->pNext==0 && db->isTransactionSavepoint;
-      if( isTransaction && p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-        if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          goto vdbe_return;
-        }
-        db->autoCommit = 1;
-        if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-          p->pc = pc;
-          db->autoCommit = 0;
-          p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-          goto vdbe_return;
-        }
-        db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
-        rc = p->rc;
-      }else{
-        int isSchemaChange;
-        iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - iSavepoint - 1;
-        if( p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-          isSchemaChange = (db->flags & SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0;
-          for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
-            rc = sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(db->aDb[ii].pBt,
-                                       SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK,
-                                       isSchemaChange==0);
-            if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-          }
-        }else{
-          isSchemaChange = 0;
-        }
-        for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
-          rc = sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(db->aDb[ii].pBt, p1, iSavepoint);
-          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-            goto abort_due_to_error;
-          }
-        }
-        if( isSchemaChange ){
-          sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-          sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
-          db->flags = (db->flags | SQLITE_InternChanges);
-        }
-      }
-  
-      /* Regardless of whether this is a RELEASE or ROLLBACK, destroy all 
-      ** savepoints nested inside of the savepoint being operated on. */
-      while( db->pSavepoint!=pSavepoint ){
-        pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
-        db->pSavepoint = pTmp->pNext;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
-        db->nSavepoint--;
-      }
-
-      /* If it is a RELEASE, then destroy the savepoint being operated on 
-      ** too. If it is a ROLLBACK TO, then set the number of deferred 
-      ** constraint violations present in the database to the value stored
-      ** when the savepoint was created.  */
-      if( p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-        assert( pSavepoint==db->pSavepoint );
-        db->pSavepoint = pSavepoint->pNext;
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pSavepoint);
-        if( !isTransaction ){
-          db->nSavepoint--;
-        }
-      }else{
-        db->nDeferredCons = pSavepoint->nDeferredCons;
-        db->nDeferredImmCons = pSavepoint->nDeferredImmCons;
-      }
-
-      if( !isTransaction ){
-        rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, p1, iSavepoint);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AutoCommit P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Set the database auto-commit flag to P1 (1 or 0). If P2 is true, roll
-** back any currently active btree transactions. If there are any active
-** VMs (apart from this one), then a ROLLBACK fails.  A COMMIT fails if
-** there are active writing VMs or active VMs that use shared cache.
-**
-** This instruction causes the VM to halt.
-*/
-case OP_AutoCommit: {
-  int desiredAutoCommit;
-  int iRollback;
-  int turnOnAC;
-
-  desiredAutoCommit = pOp->p1;
-  iRollback = pOp->p2;
-  turnOnAC = desiredAutoCommit && !db->autoCommit;
-  assert( desiredAutoCommit==1 || desiredAutoCommit==0 );
-  assert( desiredAutoCommit==1 || iRollback==0 );
-  assert( db->nVdbeActive>0 );  /* At least this one VM is active */
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-
-#if 0
-  if( turnOnAC && iRollback && db->nVdbeActive>1 ){
-    /* If this instruction implements a ROLLBACK and other VMs are
-    ** still running, and a transaction is active, return an error indicating
-    ** that the other VMs must complete first. 
-    */
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot rollback transaction - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else
-#endif
-  if( turnOnAC && !iRollback && db->nVdbeWrite>0 ){
-    /* If this instruction implements a COMMIT and other VMs are writing
-    ** return an error indicating that the other VMs must complete first. 
-    */
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "cannot commit transaction - "
-        "SQL statements in progress");
-    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }else if( desiredAutoCommit!=db->autoCommit ){
-    if( iRollback ){
-      assert( desiredAutoCommit==1 );
-      sqlite3RollbackAll(db, SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK);
-      db->autoCommit = 1;
-    }else if( (rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto vdbe_return;
-    }else{
-      db->autoCommit = (u8)desiredAutoCommit;
-      if( sqlite3VdbeHalt(p)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-        p->pc = pc;
-        db->autoCommit = (u8)(1-desiredAutoCommit);
-        p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        goto vdbe_return;
-      }
-    }
-    assert( db->nStatement==0 );
-    sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    goto vdbe_return;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db,
-        (!desiredAutoCommit)?"cannot start a transaction within a transaction":(
-        (iRollback)?"cannot rollback - no transaction is active":
-                   "cannot commit - no transaction is active"));
-         
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Transaction P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Begin a transaction on database P1 if a transaction is not already
-** active.
-** If P2 is non-zero, then a write-transaction is started, or if a 
-** read-transaction is already active, it is upgraded to a write-transaction.
-** If P2 is zero, then a read-transaction is started.
-**
-** P1 is the index of the database file on which the transaction is
-** started.  Index 0 is the main database file and index 1 is the
-** file used for temporary tables.  Indices of 2 or more are used for
-** attached databases.
-**
-** If a write-transaction is started and the Vdbe.usesStmtJournal flag is
-** true (this flag is set if the Vdbe may modify more than one row and may
-** throw an ABORT exception), a statement transaction may also be opened.
-** More specifically, a statement transaction is opened iff the database
-** connection is currently not in autocommit mode, or if there are other
-** active statements. A statement transaction allows the changes made by this
-** VDBE to be rolled back after an error without having to roll back the
-** entire transaction. If no error is encountered, the statement transaction
-** will automatically commit when the VDBE halts.
-**
-** If P5!=0 then this opcode also checks the schema cookie against P3
-** and the schema generation counter against P4.
-** The cookie changes its value whenever the database schema changes.
-** This operation is used to detect when that the cookie has changed
-** and that the current process needs to reread the schema.  If the schema
-** cookie in P3 differs from the schema cookie in the database header or
-** if the schema generation counter in P4 differs from the current
-** generation counter, then an SQLITE_SCHEMA error is raised and execution
-** halts.  The sqlite3_step() wrapper function might then reprepare the
-** statement and rerun it from the beginning.
-*/
-case OP_Transaction: {
-  Btree *pBt;
-  int iMeta;
-  int iGen;
-
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 || pOp->p2==0 );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
-  if( pOp->p2 && (db->flags & SQLITE_QueryOnly)!=0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-    goto abort_due_to_error;
-  }
-  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-
-  if( pBt ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, pOp->p2);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-      p->pc = pc;
-      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-      goto vdbe_return;
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-
-    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal 
-     && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->nVdbeRead>1) 
-    ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) );
-      if( p->iStatement==0 ){
-        assert( db->nStatement>=0 && db->nSavepoint>=0 );
-        db->nStatement++; 
-        p->iStatement = db->nSavepoint + db->nStatement;
-      }
-
-      rc = sqlite3VtabSavepoint(db, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, p->iStatement-1);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(pBt, p->iStatement);
-      }
-
-      /* Store the current value of the database handles deferred constraint
-      ** counter. If the statement transaction needs to be rolled back,
-      ** the value of this counter needs to be restored too.  */
-      p->nStmtDefCons = db->nDeferredCons;
-      p->nStmtDefImmCons = db->nDeferredImmCons;
-    }
-
-    /* Gather the schema version number for checking */
-    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pBt, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, (u32 *)&iMeta);
-    iGen = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->iGeneration;
-  }else{
-    iGen = iMeta = 0;
-  }
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  if( pOp->p5 && (iMeta!=pOp->p3 || iGen!=pOp->p4.i) ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "database schema has changed");
-    /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie 
-    ** stored with the in-memory representation of the schema, do
-    ** not reload the schema from the database file.
-    **
-    ** If virtual-tables are in use, this is not just an optimization.
-    ** Often, v-tables store their data in other SQLite tables, which
-    ** are queried from within xNext() and other v-table methods using
-    ** prepared queries. If such a query is out-of-date, we do not want to
-    ** discard the database schema, as the user code implementing the
-    ** v-table would have to be ready for the sqlite3_vtab structure itself
-    ** to be invalidated whenever sqlite3_step() is called from within 
-    ** a v-table method.
-    */
-    if( db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->schema_cookie!=iMeta ){
-      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, pOp->p1);
-    }
-    p->expired = 1;
-    rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ReadCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Read cookie number P3 from database P1 and write it into register P2.
-** P3==1 is the schema version.  P3==2 is the database format.
-** P3==3 is the recommended pager cache size, and so forth.  P1==0 is
-** the main database file and P1==1 is the database file used to store
-** temporary tables.
-**
-** There must be a read-lock on the database (either a transaction
-** must be started or there must be an open cursor) before
-** executing this instruction.
-*/
-case OP_ReadCookie: {               /* out2-prerelease */
-  int iMeta;
-  int iDb;
-  int iCookie;
-
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-  iDb = pOp->p1;
-  iCookie = pOp->p3;
-  assert( pOp->p3<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, iDb) );
-
-  sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, iCookie, (u32 *)&iMeta);
-  pOut->u.i = iMeta;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Write the content of register P3 (interpreted as an integer)
-** into cookie number P2 of database P1.  P2==1 is the schema version.  
-** P2==2 is the database format. P2==3 is the recommended pager cache 
-** size, and so forth.  P1==0 is the main database file and P1==1 is the 
-** database file used to store temporary tables.
-**
-** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
-*/
-case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
-  Db *pDb;
-  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, pOp->p1, 0) );
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
-  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, (int)pIn3->u.i);
-  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
-    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
-    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = (int)pIn3->u.i;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
-  }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
-    /* Record changes in the file format */
-    pDb->pSchema->file_format = (u8)pIn3->u.i;
-  }
-  if( pOp->p1==1 ){
-    /* Invalidate all prepared statements whenever the TEMP database
-    ** schema is changed.  Ticket #1644 */
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-    p->expired = 0;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenRead P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3
-**
-** Open a read-only cursor for the database table whose root page is
-** P2 in a database file.  The database file is determined by P3. 
-** P3==0 means the main database, P3==1 means the database used for 
-** temporary tables, and P3>1 means used the corresponding attached
-** database.  Give the new cursor an identifier of P1.  The P1
-** values need not be contiguous but all P1 values should be small integers.
-** It is an error for P1 to be negative.
-**
-** If P5!=0 then use the content of register P2 as the root page, not
-** the value of P2 itself.
-**
-** There will be a read lock on the database whenever there is an
-** open cursor.  If the database was unlocked prior to this instruction
-** then a read lock is acquired as part of this instruction.  A read
-** lock allows other processes to read the database but prohibits
-** any other process from modifying the database.  The read lock is
-** released when all cursors are closed.  If this instruction attempts
-** to get a read lock but fails, the script terminates with an
-** SQLITE_BUSY error code.
-**
-** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
-** structure, then said structure defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of the index being opened. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
-** value, it is set to the number of columns in the table.
-**
-** See also: OpenWrite, ReopenIdx
-*/
-/* Opcode: ReopenIdx P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3
-**
-** The ReopenIdx opcode works exactly like ReadOpen except that it first
-** checks to see if the cursor on P1 is already open with a root page
-** number of P2 and if it is this opcode becomes a no-op.  In other words,
-** if the cursor is already open, do not reopen it.
-**
-** The ReopenIdx opcode may only be used with P5==0 and with P4 being
-** a P4_KEYINFO object.  Furthermore, the P3 value must be the same as
-** every other ReopenIdx or OpenRead for the same cursor number.
-**
-** See the OpenRead opcode documentation for additional information.
-*/
-/* Opcode: OpenWrite P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3
-**
-** Open a read/write cursor named P1 on the table or index whose root
-** page is P2.  Or if P5!=0 use the content of register P2 to find the
-** root page.
-**
-** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
-** structure, then said structure defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of the index being opened. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
-** value, it is set to the number of columns in the table, or to the
-** largest index of any column of the table that is actually used.
-**
-** This instruction works just like OpenRead except that it opens the cursor
-** in read/write mode.  For a given table, there can be one or more read-only
-** cursors or a single read/write cursor but not both.
-**
-** See also OpenRead.
-*/
-case OP_ReopenIdx: {
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
-  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  if( pCur && pCur->pgnoRoot==(u32)pOp->p2 ){
-    assert( pCur->iDb==pOp->p3 );      /* Guaranteed by the code generator */
-    break;
-  }
-  /* If the cursor is not currently open or is open on a different
-  ** index, then fall through into OP_OpenRead to force a reopen */
-}
-case OP_OpenRead:
-case OP_OpenWrite: {
-  int nField;
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int p2;
-  int iDb;
-  int wrFlag;
-  Btree *pX;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  Db *pDb;
-
-  assert( (pOp->p5&(OPFLAG_P2ISREG|OPFLAG_BULKCSR))==pOp->p5 );
-  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite || pOp->p5==0 );
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenRead || pOp->opcode==OP_ReopenIdx
-          || p->readOnly==0 );
-
-  if( p->expired ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  nField = 0;
-  pKeyInfo = 0;
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
-  iDb = pOp->p3;
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, iDb) );
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  pX = pDb->pBt;
-  assert( pX!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite ){
-    wrFlag = 1;
-    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
-    if( pDb->pSchema->file_format < p->minWriteFileFormat ){
-      p->minWriteFileFormat = pDb->pSchema->file_format;
-    }
-  }else{
-    wrFlag = 0;
-  }
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_P2ISREG ){
-    assert( p2>0 );
-    assert( p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-    pIn2 = &aMem[p2];
-    assert( memIsValid(pIn2) );
-    assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
-    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
-    p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
-    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
-    ** that opcode will always set the p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
-    ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
-    ** before reaching this instruction. */
-    if( NEVER(p2<2) ) {
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-  }
-  if( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO ){
-    pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-    assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
-    assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
-    nField = pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField;
-  }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
-    nField = pOp->p4.i;
-  }
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  assert( nField>=0 );
-  testcase( nField==0 );  /* Table with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY and nothing else */
-  pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, nField, iDb, 1);
-  if( pCur==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCur->nullRow = 1;
-  pCur->isOrdered = 1;
-  pCur->pgnoRoot = p2;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pX, p2, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur->pCursor);
-  pCur->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-  assert( OPFLAG_BULKCSR==BTREE_BULKLOAD );
-  sqlite3BtreeCursorHints(pCur->pCursor, (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_BULKCSR));
-
-  /* Set the VdbeCursor.isTable variable. Previous versions of
-  ** SQLite used to check if the root-page flags were sane at this point
-  ** and report database corruption if they were not, but this check has
-  ** since moved into the btree layer.  */  
-  pCur->isTable = pOp->p4type!=P4_KEYINFO;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 P5
-** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
-**
-** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
-** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 
-** the main database is read-only.  The ephemeral
-** table is deleted automatically when the cursor is closed.
-**
-** P2 is the number of columns in the ephemeral table.
-** The cursor points to a BTree table if P4==0 and to a BTree index
-** if P4 is not 0.  If P4 is not NULL, it points to a KeyInfo structure
-** that defines the format of keys in the index.
-**
-** The P5 parameter can be a mask of the BTREE_* flags defined
-** in btree.h.  These flags control aspects of the operation of
-** the btree.  The BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL and BTREE_SINGLE flags are
-** added automatically.
-*/
-/* Opcode: OpenAutoindex P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
-**
-** This opcode works the same as OP_OpenEphemeral.  It has a
-** different name to distinguish its use.  Tables created using
-** by this opcode will be used for automatically created transient
-** indices in joins.
-*/
-case OP_OpenAutoindex: 
-case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-
-  static const int vfsFlags = 
-      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
-      SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
-  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
-  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &pCx->pBt, 
-                        BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5, vfsFlags);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pCx->pBt, 1);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
-    ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_BLOBKEY flag before
-    ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
-    ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an BLOB_INTKEY table).
-    */
-    if( (pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo)!=0 ){
-      int pgno;
-      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pCx->pBt, &pgno, BTREE_BLOBKEY | pOp->p5); 
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        assert( pgno==MASTER_ROOT+1 );
-        assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
-        assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
-        pCx->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBt, pgno, 1, pKeyInfo, pCx->pCursor);
-      }
-      pCx->isTable = 0;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBt, MASTER_ROOT, 1, 0, pCx->pCursor);
-      pCx->isTable = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SorterOpen P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-**
-** This opcode works like OP_OpenEphemeral except that it opens
-** a transient index that is specifically designed to sort large
-** tables using an external merge-sort algorithm.
-**
-** If argument P3 is non-zero, then it indicates that the sorter may
-** assume that a stable sort considering the first P3 fields of each
-** key is sufficient to produce the required results.
-*/
-case OP_SorterOpen: {
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
-  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
-  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->db==db );
-  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(db, pOp->p3, pCx);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SequenceTest P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2
-**
-** P1 is a sorter cursor. If the sequence counter is currently zero, jump
-** to P2. Regardless of whether or not the jump is taken, increment the
-** the sequence value.
-*/
-case OP_SequenceTest: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC->pSorter );
-  if( (pC->seqCount++)==0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: OpenPseudo P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]
-**
-** Open a new cursor that points to a fake table that contains a single
-** row of data.  The content of that one row is the content of memory
-** register P2.  In other words, cursor P1 becomes an alias for the 
-** MEM_Blob content contained in register P2.
-**
-** A pseudo-table created by this opcode is used to hold a single
-** row output from the sorter so that the row can be decomposed into
-** individual columns using the OP_Column opcode.  The OP_Column opcode
-** is the only cursor opcode that works with a pseudo-table.
-**
-** P3 is the number of fields in the records that will be stored by
-** the pseudo-table.
-*/
-case OP_OpenPseudo: {
-  VdbeCursor *pCx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
-  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, -1, 0);
-  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  pCx->pseudoTableReg = pOp->p2;
-  pCx->isTable = 1;
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
-**
-** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
-** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.
-*/
-case OP_Close: {
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[pOp->p1]);
-  p->apCsr[pOp->p1] = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SeekGE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as the key.  If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
-** greater than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
-** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Next, not Prev.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekLt, SeekGt, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekGT P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than the key value. If there are no records greater than 
-** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
-** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Next, not Prev.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekLt, SeekGe, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekLT P1 P2 P3 P4 * 
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than the key value. If there are no records less than 
-** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
-** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Prev, not Next.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLe
-*/
-/* Opcode: SeekLE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
-**
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
-** less than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
-** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Prev, not Next.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
-*/
-case OP_SeekLT:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekLE:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekGE:         /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3 */
-  int res;
-  int oc;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-  int nField;
-  i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p2!=0 );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( OP_SeekLE == OP_SeekLT+1 );
-  assert( OP_SeekGE == OP_SeekLT+2 );
-  assert( OP_SeekGT == OP_SeekLT+3 );
-  assert( pC->isOrdered );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  oc = pOp->opcode;
-  pC->nullRow = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
-#endif
-  if( pC->isTable ){
-    /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
-    ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
-    ** the seek, so convert it. */
-    pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
-      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3, 0);
-    }
-    iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
-
-    /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
-    ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
-    if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
-        /* If the P3 value cannot be converted into any kind of a number,
-        ** then the seek is not possible, so jump to P2 */
-        pc = pOp->p2 - 1;  VdbeBranchTaken(1,2);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* If the approximation iKey is larger than the actual real search
-      ** term, substitute >= for > and < for <=. e.g. if the search term
-      ** is 4.9 and the integer approximation 5:
-      **
-      **        (x >  4.9)    ->     (x >= 5)
-      **        (x <= 4.9)    ->     (x <  5)
-      */
-      if( pIn3->u.r<(double)iKey ){
-        assert( OP_SeekGE==(OP_SeekGT-1) );
-        assert( OP_SeekLT==(OP_SeekLE-1) );
-        assert( (OP_SeekLE & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGT & 0x0001) );
-        if( (oc & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGT & 0x0001) ) oc--;
-      }
-
-      /* If the approximation iKey is smaller than the actual real search
-      ** term, substitute <= for < and > for >=.  */
-      else if( pIn3->u.r>(double)iKey ){
-        assert( OP_SeekLE==(OP_SeekLT+1) );
-        assert( OP_SeekGT==(OP_SeekGE+1) );
-        assert( (OP_SeekLT & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGE & 0x0001) );
-        if( (oc & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekLT & 0x0001) ) oc++;
-      }
-    } 
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)iKey, 0, &res);
-    pC->movetoTarget = iKey;  /* Used by OP_Delete */
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-  }else{
-    nField = pOp->p4.i;
-    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-    assert( nField>0 );
-    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
-    r.nField = (u16)nField;
-
-    /* The next line of code computes as follows, only faster:
-    **   if( oc==OP_SeekGT || oc==OP_SeekLE ){
-    **     r.default_rc = -1;
-    **   }else{
-    **     r.default_rc = +1;
-    **   }
-    */
-    r.default_rc = ((1 & (oc - OP_SeekLT)) ? -1 : +1);
-    assert( oc!=OP_SeekGT || r.default_rc==-1 );
-    assert( oc!=OP_SeekLE || r.default_rc==-1 );
-    assert( oc!=OP_SeekGE || r.default_rc==+1 );
-    assert( oc!=OP_SeekLT || r.default_rc==+1 );
-
-    r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    { int i; for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) ); }
-#endif
-    ExpandBlob(r.aMem);
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, &r, 0, 0, &res);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-  }
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-  if( oc>=OP_SeekGE ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekGE || oc==OP_SeekGT );
-    if( res<0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekGT) ){
-      res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }else{
-      res = 0;
-    }
-  }else{
-    assert( oc==OP_SeekLT || oc==OP_SeekLE );
-    if( res>0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekLT) ){
-      res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }else{
-      /* res might be negative because the table is empty.  Check to
-      ** see if this is the case.
-      */
-      res = sqlite3BtreeEof(pC->pCursor);
-    }
-  }
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 );
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-  if( res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Seek P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis:  intkey=r[P2]
-**
-** P1 is an open table cursor and P2 is a rowid integer.  Arrange
-** for P1 to move so that it points to the rowid given by P2.
-**
-** This is actually a deferred seek.  Nothing actually happens until
-** the cursor is used to read a record.  That way, if no reads
-** occur, no unnecessary I/O happens.
-*/
-case OP_Seek: {    /* in2 */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  assert( pC->isTable );
-  pC->nullRow = 0;
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pC->movetoTarget = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
-  break;
-}
-  
-
-/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
-** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
-**
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** is a prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2 and
-** P1 is left pointing at the matching entry.
-**
-** This operation leaves the cursor in a state where it can be
-** advanced in the forward direction.  The Next instruction will work,
-** but not the Prev instruction.
-**
-** See also: NotFound, NoConflict, NotExists. SeekGe
-*/
-/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
-** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
-** 
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** is not the prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2.  If P1 
-** does contain an entry whose prefix matches the P3/P4 record then control
-** falls through to the next instruction and P1 is left pointing at the
-** matching entry.
-**
-** This operation leaves the cursor in a state where it cannot be
-** advanced in either direction.  In other words, the Next and Prev
-** opcodes do not work after this operation.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotExists, NoConflict
-*/
-/* Opcode: NoConflict P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
-** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
-** 
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** contains any NULL value, jump immediately to P2.  If all terms of the
-** record are not-NULL then a check is done to determine if any row in the
-** P1 index btree has a matching key prefix.  If there are no matches, jump
-** immediately to P2.  If there is a match, fall through and leave the P1
-** cursor pointing to the matching row.
-**
-** This opcode is similar to OP_NotFound with the exceptions that the
-** branch is always taken if any part of the search key input is NULL.
-**
-** This operation leaves the cursor in a state where it cannot be
-** advanced in either direction.  In other words, the Next and Prev
-** opcodes do not work after this operation.
-**
-** See also: NotFound, Found, NotExists
-*/
-case OP_NoConflict:     /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3 */
-case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
-  int alreadyExists;
-  int ii;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-  char *pFree;
-  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-  char aTempRec[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*4 + 7];
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  if( pOp->opcode!=OP_NoConflict ) sqlite3_found_count++;
-#endif
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
-#endif
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  assert( pC->isTable==0 );
-  pFree = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to suppress a compiler warning. */
-  if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
-    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
-    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
-    r.aMem = pIn3;
-    for(ii=0; ii<r.nField; ii++){
-      assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[ii]) );
-      ExpandBlob(&r.aMem[ii]);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      if( ii ) REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3+ii, &r.aMem[ii]);
-#endif
-    }
-    pIdxKey = &r;
-  }else{
-    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
-        pC->pKeyInfo, aTempRec, sizeof(aTempRec), &pFree
-    ); 
-    if( pIdxKey==0 ) goto no_mem;
-    assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Blob );
-    assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Zero)==0 );  /* zeroblobs already expanded */
-    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pC->pKeyInfo, pIn3->n, pIn3->z, pIdxKey);
-  }
-  pIdxKey->default_rc = 0;
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_NoConflict ){
-    /* For the OP_NoConflict opcode, take the jump if any of the
-    ** input fields are NULL, since any key with a NULL will not
-    ** conflict */
-    for(ii=0; ii<r.nField; ii++){
-      if( r.aMem[ii].flags & MEM_Null ){
-        pc = pOp->p2 - 1; VdbeBranchTaken(1,2);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, pIdxKey, 0, 0, &res);
-  if( pOp->p4.i==0 ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pFree);
-  }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    break;
-  }
-  pC->seekResult = res;
-  alreadyExists = (res==0);
-  pC->nullRow = 1-alreadyExists;
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
-    VdbeBranchTaken(alreadyExists!=0,2);
-    if( alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }else{
-    VdbeBranchTaken(alreadyExists==0,2);
-    if( !alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: intkey=r[P3]
-**
-** P1 is the index of a cursor open on an SQL table btree (with integer
-** keys).  P3 is an integer rowid.  If P1 does not contain a record with
-** rowid P3 then jump immediately to P2.  If P1 does contain a record
-** with rowid P3 then leave the cursor pointing at that record and fall
-** through to the next instruction.
-**
-** The OP_NotFound opcode performs the same operation on index btrees
-** (with arbitrary multi-value keys).
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor in a state where it cannot be advanced
-** in either direction.  In other words, the Next and Prev opcodes will
-** not work following this opcode.
-**
-** See also: Found, NotFound, NoConflict
-*/
-case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-  u64 iKey;
-
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = 0;
-#endif
-  assert( pC->isTable );
-  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  res = 0;
-  iKey = pIn3->u.i;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCrsr, 0, iKey, 0, &res);
-  pC->movetoTarget = iKey;  /* Used by OP_Delete */
-  pC->nullRow = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-  if( res!=0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  pC->seekResult = res;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++
-**
-** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
-** Write the sequence number into register P2.
-** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
-** instruction.  
-*/
-case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
-  pOut->u.i = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->seqCount++;
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=rowid
-**
-** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
-** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
-** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
-** written to register P2.
-**
-** If P3>0 then P3 is a register in the root frame of this VDBE that holds 
-** the largest previously generated record number. No new record numbers are
-** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum, 
-** an SQLITE_FULL error is generated. The P3 register is updated with the '
-** generated record number. This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
-** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
-*/
-case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
-  int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
-  int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
-  Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */
-
-  v = 0;
-  res = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  if( NEVER(pC->pCursor==0) ){
-    /* The zero initialization above is all that is needed */
-  }else{
-    /* The next rowid or record number (different terms for the same
-    ** thing) is obtained in a two-step algorithm.
-    **
-    ** First we attempt to find the largest existing rowid and add one
-    ** to that.  But if the largest existing rowid is already the maximum
-    ** positive integer, we have to fall through to the second
-    ** probabilistic algorithm
-    **
-    ** The second algorithm is to select a rowid at random and see if
-    ** it already exists in the table.  If it does not exist, we have
-    ** succeeded.  If the random rowid does exist, we select a new one
-    ** and try again, up to 100 times.
-    */
-    assert( pC->isTable );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
-#   define MAX_ROWID 0x7fffffff
-#else
-    /* Some compilers complain about constants of the form 0x7fffffffffffffff.
-    ** Others complain about 0x7ffffffffffffffffLL.  The following macro seems
-    ** to provide the constant while making all compilers happy.
-    */
-#   define MAX_ROWID  (i64)( (((u64)0x7fffffff)<<32) | (u64)0xffffffff )
-#endif
-
-    if( !pC->useRandomRowid ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pC->pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      if( res ){
-        v = 1;   /* IMP: R-61914-48074 */
-      }else{
-        assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pC->pCursor) );
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pC->pCursor, &v);
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* Cannot fail following BtreeLast() */
-        if( v>=MAX_ROWID ){
-          pC->useRandomRowid = 1;
-        }else{
-          v++;   /* IMP: R-29538-34987 */
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-    if( pOp->p3 ){
-      /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-      if( p->pFrame ){
-        for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
-        /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-        assert( pOp->p3<=pFrame->nMem );
-        pMem = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
-      }else{
-        /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
-        assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-        pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-        memAboutToChange(p, pMem);
-      }
-      assert( memIsValid(pMem) );
-
-      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pMem);
-      sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pMem);
-      assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
-      if( pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || pC->useRandomRowid ){
-        rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-12275-61338 */
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      if( v<pMem->u.i+1 ){
-        v = pMem->u.i + 1;
-      }
-      pMem->u.i = v;
-    }
-#endif
-    if( pC->useRandomRowid ){
-      /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-07677-41881 If the largest ROWID is equal to the
-      ** largest possible integer (9223372036854775807) then the database
-      ** engine starts picking positive candidate ROWIDs at random until
-      ** it finds one that is not previously used. */
-      assert( pOp->p3==0 );  /* We cannot be in random rowid mode if this is
-                             ** an AUTOINCREMENT table. */
-      cnt = 0;
-      do{
-        sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(v), &v);
-        v &= (MAX_ROWID>>1); v++;  /* Ensure that v is greater than zero */
-      }while(  ((rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)v,
-                                                 0, &res))==SQLITE_OK)
-            && (res==0)
-            && (++cnt<100));
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_FULL;   /* IMP: R-38219-53002 */
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
-      }
-      assert( v>0 );  /* EV: R-40812-03570 */
-    }
-    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = v;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Insert P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]
-**
-** Write an entry into the table of cursor P1.  A new entry is
-** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing
-** entry is overwritten.  The data is the value MEM_Blob stored in register
-** number P2. The key is stored in register P3. The key must
-** be a MEM_Int.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P5 is set, then the row change count is
-** incremented (otherwise not).  If the OPFLAG_LASTROWID flag of P5 is set,
-** then rowid is stored for subsequent return by the
-** sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() function (otherwise it is unmodified).
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT flag of P5 is set and if the result of
-** the last seek operation (OP_NotExists) was a success, then this
-** operation will not attempt to find the appropriate row before doing
-** the insert but will instead overwrite the row that the cursor is
-** currently pointing to.  Presumably, the prior OP_NotExists opcode
-** has already positioned the cursor correctly.  This is an optimization
-** that boosts performance by avoiding redundant seeks.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_ISUPDATE flag is set, then this opcode is part of an
-** UPDATE operation.  Otherwise (if the flag is clear) then this opcode
-** is part of an INSERT operation.  The difference is only important to
-** the update hook.
-**
-** Parameter P4 may point to a string containing the table-name, or
-** may be NULL. If it is not NULL, then the update-hook 
-** (sqlite3.xUpdateCallback) is invoked following a successful insert.
-**
-** (WARNING/TODO: If P1 is a pseudo-cursor and P2 is dynamically
-** allocated, then ownership of P2 is transferred to the pseudo-cursor
-** and register P2 becomes ephemeral.  If the cursor is changed, the
-** value of register P2 will then change.  Make sure this does not
-** cause any problems.)
-**
-** This instruction only works on tables.  The equivalent instruction
-** for indices is OP_IdxInsert.
-*/
-/* Opcode: InsertInt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis:  intkey=P3 data=r[P2]
-**
-** This works exactly like OP_Insert except that the key is the
-** integer value P3, not the value of the integer stored in register P3.
-*/
-case OP_Insert: 
-case OP_InsertInt: {
-  Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
-  Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
-  i64 iKey;         /* The integer ROWID or key for the record to be inserted */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
-  int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
-  int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
-  const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
-  const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
-  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
-
-  pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( memIsValid(pData) );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( pC->isTable );
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pData);
-
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
-    pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    assert( pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
-    assert( memIsValid(pKey) );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pKey);
-    iKey = pKey->u.i;
-  }else{
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
-    iKey = pOp->p3;
-  }
-
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = lastRowid = iKey;
-  if( pData->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    pData->z = 0;
-    pData->n = 0;
-  }else{
-    assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
-  }
-  seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
-  if( pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-    nZero = pData->u.nZero;
-  }else{
-    nZero = 0;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pC->pCursor, 0, iKey,
-                          pData->z, pData->n, nZero,
-                          (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_APPEND)!=0, seekResult
-  );
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-
-  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z ){
-    zDb = db->aDb[pC->iDb].zName;
-    zTbl = pOp->p4.z;
-    op = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT);
-    assert( pC->isTable );
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, op, zDb, zTbl, iKey);
-    assert( pC->iDb>=0 );
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Delete P1 P2 * P4 *
-**
-** Delete the record at which the P1 cursor is currently pointing.
-**
-** The cursor will be left pointing at either the next or the previous
-** record in the table. If it is left pointing at the next record, then
-** the next Next instruction will be a no-op.  Hence it is OK to delete
-** a record from within a Next loop.
-**
-** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P2 is set, then the row change count is
-** incremented (otherwise not).
-**
-** P1 must not be pseudo-table.  It has to be a real table with
-** multiple rows.
-**
-** If P4 is not NULL, then it is the name of the table that P1 is
-** pointing to.  The update hook will be invoked, if it exists.
-** If P4 is not NULL then the P1 cursor must have been positioned
-** using OP_NotFound prior to invoking this opcode.
-*/
-case OP_Delete: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );  /* Only valid for real tables, no pseudotables */
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* The seek operation that positioned the cursor prior to OP_Delete will
-  ** have also set the pC->movetoTarget field to the rowid of the row that
-  ** is being deleted */
-  if( pOp->p4.z && pC->isTable ){
-    i64 iKey = 0;
-    sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pC->pCursor, &iKey);
-    assert( pC->movetoTarget==iKey ); 
-  }
-#endif
- 
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(pC->pCursor);
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-
-  /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->xUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.z && pC->isTable ){
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, SQLITE_DELETE,
-                        db->aDb[pC->iDb].zName, pOp->p4.z, pC->movetoTarget);
-    assert( pC->iDb>=0 );
-  }
-  if( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  break;
-}
-/* Opcode: ResetCount * * * * *
-**
-** The value of the change counter is copied to the database handle
-** change counter (returned by subsequent calls to sqlite3_changes()).
-** Then the VMs internal change counter resets to 0.
-** This is used by trigger programs.
-*/
-case OP_ResetCount: {
-  sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
-  p->nChange = 0;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: SorterCompare P1 P2 P3 P4
-** Synopsis:  if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2
-**
-** P1 is a sorter cursor. This instruction compares a prefix of the
-** record blob in register P3 against a prefix of the entry that 
-** the sorter cursor currently points to.  Only the first P4 fields
-** of r[P3] and the sorter record are compared.
-**
-** If either P3 or the sorter contains a NULL in one of their significant
-** fields (not counting the P4 fields at the end which are ignored) then
-** the comparison is assumed to be equal.
-**
-** Fall through to next instruction if the two records compare equal to
-** each other.  Jump to P2 if they are different.
-*/
-case OP_SorterCompare: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-  int nKeyCol;
-
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( isSorter(pC) );
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  nKeyCol = pOp->p4.i;
-  res = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(pC, pIn3, nKeyCol, &res);
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-  if( res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-  break;
-};
-
-/* Opcode: SorterData P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=data
-**
-** Write into register P2 the current sorter data for sorter cursor P1.
-** Then clear the column header cache on cursor P3.
-**
-** This opcode is normally use to move a record out of the sorter and into
-** a register that is the source for a pseudo-table cursor created using
-** OpenPseudo.  That pseudo-table cursor is the one that is identified by
-** parameter P3.  Clearing the P3 column cache as part of this opcode saves
-** us from having to issue a separate NullRow instruction to clear that cache.
-*/
-case OP_SorterData: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( isSorter(pC) );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(pC, pOut);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (pOut->flags & MEM_Blob) );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  p->apCsr[pOp->p3]->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowData P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=data
-**
-** Write into register P2 the complete row data for cursor P1.
-** There is no interpretation of the data.  
-** It is just copied onto the P2 register exactly as 
-** it is found in the database file.
-**
-** If the P1 cursor must be pointing to a valid row (not a NULL row)
-** of a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-*/
-/* Opcode: RowKey P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=key
-**
-** Write into register P2 the complete row key for cursor P1.
-** There is no interpretation of the data.  
-** The key is copied onto the P2 register exactly as 
-** it is found in the database file.
-**
-** If the P1 cursor must be pointing to a valid row (not a NULL row)
-** of a real table, not a pseudo-table.
-*/
-case OP_RowKey:
-case OP_RowData: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  u32 n;
-  i64 n64;
-
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-
-  /* Note that RowKey and RowData are really exactly the same instruction */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( isSorter(pC)==0 );
-  assert( pC->isTable || pOp->opcode!=OP_RowData );
-  assert( pC->isTable==0 || pOp->opcode==OP_RowData );
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->nullRow==0 );
-  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-
-  /* The OP_RowKey and OP_RowData opcodes always follow OP_NotExists or
-  ** OP_Rewind/Op_Next with no intervening instructions that might invalidate
-  ** the cursor.  If this where not the case, on of the following assert()s
-  ** would fail.  Should this ever change (because of changes in the code
-  ** generator) then the fix would be to insert a call to
-  ** sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto().
-  */
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
-#if 0  /* Not required due to the previous to assert() statements */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(pC);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-#endif
-
-  if( pC->isTable==0 ){
-    assert( !pC->isTable );
-    VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCrsr, &n64);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* True because of CursorMoveto() call above */
-    if( n64>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-      goto too_big;
-    }
-    n = (u32)n64;
-  }else{
-    VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeDataSize(pCrsr, &n);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* DataSize() cannot fail */
-    if( n>(u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-      goto too_big;
-    }
-  }
-  testcase( n==0 );
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, MAX(n,32)) ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  pOut->n = n;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Blob);
-  if( pC->isTable==0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCrsr, 0, n, pOut->z);
-  }else{
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeData(pCrsr, 0, n, pOut->z);
-  }
-  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever cast to text */
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Rowid P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=rowid
-**
-** Store in register P2 an integer which is the key of the table entry that
-** P1 is currently point to.
-**
-** P1 can be either an ordinary table or a virtual table.  There used to
-** be a separate OP_VRowid opcode for use with virtual tables, but this
-** one opcode now works for both table types.
-*/
-case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2-prerelease */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  i64 v;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 || pC->nullRow );
-  if( pC->nullRow ){
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-    break;
-  }else if( pC->deferredMoveto ){
-    v = pC->movetoTarget;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  }else if( pC->pVtabCursor ){
-    pVtab = pC->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-    pModule = pVtab->pModule;
-    assert( pModule->xRowid );
-    rc = pModule->xRowid(pC->pVtabCursor, &v);
-    sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-  }else{
-    assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(pC);
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    if( pC->nullRow ){
-      pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-      break;
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pC->pCursor, &v);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* Always so because of CursorRestore() above */
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = v;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
-**
-** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
-** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
-** write a NULL.
-*/
-case OP_NullRow: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  pC->nullRow = 1;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  if( pC->pCursor ){
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pC->pCursor);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Prev instruction for P1 
-** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
-** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
-** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
-** to the following instruction.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
-** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Prev, not Next.
-*/
-case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  res = 0;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pCrsr, &res);
-  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = OP_Last;
-#endif
-  if( pOp->p2>0 ){
-    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-    if( res ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: Sort P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** This opcode does exactly the same thing as OP_Rewind except that
-** it increments an undocumented global variable used for testing.
-**
-** Sorting is accomplished by writing records into a sorting index,
-** then rewinding that index and playing it back from beginning to
-** end.  We use the OP_Sort opcode instead of OP_Rewind to do the
-** rewinding so that the global variable will be incremented and
-** regression tests can determine whether or not the optimizer is
-** correctly optimizing out sorts.
-*/
-case OP_SorterSort:    /* jump */
-case OP_Sort: {        /* jump */
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  sqlite3_sort_count++;
-  sqlite3_search_count--;
-#endif
-  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]++;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Rewind */
-}
-/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
-** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
-** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
-** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
-** to the following instruction.
-**
-** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
-** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
-** configured to use Next, not Prev.
-*/
-case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterSort) );
-  res = 1;
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = OP_Rewind;
-#endif
-  if( isSorter(pC) ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(pC, &res);
-  }else{
-    pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-    assert( pCrsr );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pCrsr, &res);
-    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
-  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-  if( res ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
-** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through
-** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor advance was successful,
-** jump immediately to P2.
-**
-** The Next opcode is only valid following an SeekGT, SeekGE, or
-** OP_Rewind opcode used to position the cursor.  Next is not allowed
-** to follow SeekLT, SeekLE, or OP_Last.
-**
-** The P1 cursor must be for a real table, not a pseudo-table.  P1 must have
-** been opened prior to this opcode or the program will segfault.
-**
-** The P3 value is a hint to the btree implementation. If P3==1, that
-** means P1 is an SQL index and that this instruction could have been
-** omitted if that index had been unique.  P3 is usually 0.  P3 is
-** always either 0 or 1.
-**
-** P4 is always of type P4_ADVANCE. The function pointer points to
-** sqlite3BtreeNext().
-**
-** If P5 is positive and the jump is taken, then event counter
-** number P5-1 in the prepared statement is incremented.
-**
-** See also: Prev, NextIfOpen
-*/
-/* Opcode: NextIfOpen P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This opcode works just like Next except that if cursor P1 is not
-** open it behaves a no-op.
-*/
-/* Opcode: Prev P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Back up cursor P1 so that it points to the previous key/data pair in its
-** table or index.  If there is no previous key/value pairs then fall through
-** to the following instruction.  But if the cursor backup was successful,
-** jump immediately to P2.
-**
-**
-** The Prev opcode is only valid following an SeekLT, SeekLE, or
-** OP_Last opcode used to position the cursor.  Prev is not allowed
-** to follow SeekGT, SeekGE, or OP_Rewind.
-**
-** The P1 cursor must be for a real table, not a pseudo-table.  If P1 is
-** not open then the behavior is undefined.
-**
-** The P3 value is a hint to the btree implementation. If P3==1, that
-** means P1 is an SQL index and that this instruction could have been
-** omitted if that index had been unique.  P3 is usually 0.  P3 is
-** always either 0 or 1.
-**
-** P4 is always of type P4_ADVANCE. The function pointer points to
-** sqlite3BtreePrevious().
-**
-** If P5 is positive and the jump is taken, then event counter
-** number P5-1 in the prepared statement is incremented.
-*/
-/* Opcode: PrevIfOpen P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** This opcode works just like Prev except that if cursor P1 is not
-** open it behaves a no-op.
-*/
-case OP_SorterNext: {  /* jump */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( isSorter(pC) );
-  res = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC, &res);
-  goto next_tail;
-case OP_PrevIfOpen:    /* jump */
-case OP_NextIfOpen:    /* jump */
-  if( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]==0 ) break;
-  /* Fall through */
-case OP_Prev:          /* jump */
-case OP_Next:          /* jump */
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p5<ArraySize(p->aCounter) );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  res = pOp->p3;
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  assert( pC->pCursor );
-  assert( res==0 || (res==1 && pC->isTable==0) );
-  testcase( res==1 );
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreePrevious );
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_NextIfOpen || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_PrevIfOpen || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreePrevious);
-
-  /* The Next opcode is only used after SeekGT, SeekGE, and Rewind.
-  ** The Prev opcode is only used after SeekLT, SeekLE, and Last. */
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next || pOp->opcode!=OP_NextIfOpen
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekGT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekGE
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_Rewind || pC->seekOp==OP_Found);
-  assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev || pOp->opcode!=OP_PrevIfOpen
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLE
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_Last );
-
-  rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->pCursor, &res);
-next_tail:
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res==0,2);
-  if( res==0 ){
-    pC->nullRow = 0;
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    p->aCounter[pOp->p5]++;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-    sqlite3_search_count++;
-#endif
-  }else{
-    pC->nullRow = 1;
-  }
-  goto check_for_interrupt;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxInsert P1 P2 P3 * P5
-** Synopsis: key=r[P2]
-**
-** Register P2 holds an SQL index key made using the
-** MakeRecord instructions.  This opcode writes that key
-** into the index P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
-**
-** P3 is a flag that provides a hint to the b-tree layer that this
-** insert is likely to be an append.
-**
-** If P5 has the OPFLAG_NCHANGE bit set, then the change counter is
-** incremented by this instruction.  If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE bit is clear,
-** then the change counter is unchanged.
-**
-** If P5 has the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT bit set, then the cursor must have
-** just done a seek to the spot where the new entry is to be inserted.
-** This flag avoids doing an extra seek.
-**
-** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
-** for tables is OP_Insert.
-*/
-case OP_SorterInsert:       /* in2 */
-case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int nKey;
-  const char *zKey;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterInsert) );
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  assert( pC->isTable==0 );
-  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( isSorter(pC) ){
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(pC, pIn2);
-    }else{
-      nKey = pIn2->n;
-      zKey = pIn2->z;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pCrsr, zKey, nKey, "", 0, 0, pOp->p3, 
-          ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0)
-          );
-      assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-      pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]
-**
-** The content of P3 registers starting at register P2 form
-** an unpacked index key. This opcode removes that entry from the 
-** index opened by cursor P1.
-*/
-case OP_IdxDelete: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  int res;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor)+1 );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
-  r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
-  r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
-  r.default_rc = 0;
-  r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  { int i; for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) ); }
-#endif
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCrsr, &r, 0, 0, &res);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(pCrsr);
-  }
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxRowid P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=rowid
-**
-** Write into register P2 an integer which is the last entry in the record at
-** the end of the index key pointed to by cursor P1.  This integer should be
-** the rowid of the table entry to which this index entry points.
-**
-** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
-*/
-case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2-prerelease */
-  BtCursor *pCrsr;
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  i64 rowid;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
-  assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-  assert( pC->isTable==0 );
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-
-  /* sqlite3VbeCursorRestore() can only fail if the record has been deleted
-  ** out from under the cursor.  That will never happend for an IdxRowid
-  ** opcode, hence the NEVER() arround the check of the return value.
-  */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(pC);
-  if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-
-  if( !pC->nullRow ){
-    rowid = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(db, pCrsr, &rowid);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto abort_due_to_error;
-    }
-    pOut->u.i = rowid;
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID 
-** fields at the end.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is greater than or equal to the key value
-** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IdxGT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID 
-** fields at the end.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is greater than the key value
-** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID.  Compare this key value against
-** the index that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or
-** ROWID on the P1 index.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is less than the key value then jump to P2.
-** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-/* Opcode: IdxLE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
-**
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID.  Compare this key value against
-** the index that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or
-** ROWID on the P1 index.
-**
-** If the P1 index entry is less than or equal to the key value then jump
-** to P2. Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-case OP_IdxLE:          /* jump */
-case OP_IdxGT:          /* jump */
-case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump */
-case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
-  UnpackedRecord r;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pC->isOrdered );
-  assert( pC->pCursor!=0);
-  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==1 );
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
-  r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
-  if( pOp->opcode<OP_IdxLT ){
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGT );
-    r.default_rc = -1;
-  }else{
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT );
-    r.default_rc = 0;
-  }
-  r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  { int i; for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) ); }
-#endif
-  res = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(db, pC, &r, &res);
-  assert( (OP_IdxLE&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) && (OP_IdxGE&1)==(OP_IdxGT&1) );
-  if( (pOp->opcode&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) ){
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT );
-    res = -res;
-  }else{
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGT );
-    res++;
-  }
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res>0,2);
-  if( res>0 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1 ;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Destroy P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Delete an entire database table or index whose root page in the database
-** file is given by P1.
-**
-** The table being destroyed is in the main database file if P3==0.  If
-** P3==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
-** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
-**
-** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled then it is possible that another root page
-** might be moved into the newly deleted root page in order to keep all
-** root pages contiguous at the beginning of the database.  The former
-** value of the root page that moved - its value before the move occurred -
-** is stored in register P2.  If no page 
-** movement was required (because the table being dropped was already 
-** the last one in the database) then a zero is stored in register P2.
-** If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero is stored in register P2.
-**
-** See also: Clear
-*/
-case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2-prerelease */
-  int iMoved;
-  int iCnt;
-  Vdbe *pVdbe;
-  int iDb;
-
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  iCnt = 0;
-  for(pVdbe=db->pVdbe; pVdbe; pVdbe = pVdbe->pNext){
-    if( pVdbe->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && pVdbe->bIsReader 
-     && pVdbe->inVtabMethod<2 && pVdbe->pc>=0 
-    ){
-      iCnt++;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  iCnt = db->nVdbeRead;
-#endif
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
-  if( iCnt>1 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
-    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
-  }else{
-    iDb = pOp->p3;
-    assert( iCnt==1 );
-    assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, iDb) );
-    iMoved = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only to silence a warning. */
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeDropTable(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, pOp->p1, &iMoved);
-    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pOut->u.i = iMoved;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iMoved!=0 ){
-      sqlite3RootPageMoved(db, iDb, iMoved, pOp->p1);
-      /* All OP_Destroy operations occur on the same btree */
-      assert( resetSchemaOnFault==0 || resetSchemaOnFault==iDb+1 );
-      resetSchemaOnFault = iDb+1;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Clear P1 P2 P3
-**
-** Delete all contents of the database table or index whose root page
-** in the database file is given by P1.  But, unlike Destroy, do not
-** remove the table or index from the database file.
-**
-** The table being clear is in the main database file if P2==0.  If
-** P2==1 then the table to be clear is in the auxiliary database file
-** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
-**
-** If the P3 value is non-zero, then the table referred to must be an
-** intkey table (an SQL table, not an index). In this case the row change 
-** count is incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared. 
-** If P3 is greater than zero, then the value stored in register P3 is
-** also incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared.
-**
-** See also: Destroy
-*/
-case OP_Clear: {
-  int nChange;
- 
-  nChange = 0;
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p2) );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
-      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &nChange : 0)
-  );
-  if( pOp->p3 ){
-    p->nChange += nChange;
-    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
-      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
-      memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-      aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += nChange;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ResetSorter P1 * * * *
-**
-** Delete all contents from the ephemeral table or sorter
-** that is open on cursor P1.
-**
-** This opcode only works for cursors used for sorting and
-** opened with OP_OpenEphemeral or OP_SorterOpen.
-*/
-case OP_ResetSorter: {
-  VdbeCursor *pC;
- 
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
-  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pC!=0 );
-  if( pC->pSorter ){
-    sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(db, pC->pSorter);
-  }else{
-    assert( pC->isEphemeral );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTableOfCursor(pC->pCursor);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
-**
-** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2
-**
-** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
-** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
-** has an arbitrary key but no data.
-**
-** See also: CreateIndex
-*/
-/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
-**
-** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2.
-**
-** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2-prerelease */
-case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2-prerelease */
-  int pgno;
-  int flags;
-  Db *pDb;
-
-  pgno = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_CreateTable ){
-    /* flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
-    flags = BTREE_INTKEY;
-  }else{
-    flags = BTREE_BLOBKEY;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, flags);
-  pOut->u.i = pgno;
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
-** that match the WHERE clause P4. 
-**
-** This opcode invokes the parser to create a new virtual machine,
-** then runs the new virtual machine.  It is thus a re-entrant opcode.
-*/
-case OP_ParseSchema: {
-  int iDb;
-  const char *zMaster;
-  char *zSql;
-  InitData initData;
-
-  /* Any prepared statement that invokes this opcode will hold mutexes
-  ** on every btree.  This is a prerequisite for invoking 
-  ** sqlite3InitCallback().
-  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(iDb=0; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
-    assert( iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );
-  }
-#endif
-
-  iDb = pOp->p1;
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbHasProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) );
-  /* Used to be a conditional */ {
-    zMaster = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-    initData.db = db;
-    initData.iDb = pOp->p1;
-    initData.pzErrMsg = &p->zErrMsg;
-    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
-       "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zName, zMaster, pOp->p4.z);
-    if( zSql==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      assert( db->init.busy==0 );
-      db->init.busy = 1;
-      initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &initData, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = initData.rc;
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
-      db->init.busy = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc ) sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }
-  break;  
-}
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE)
-/* Opcode: LoadAnalysis P1 * * * *
-**
-** Read the sqlite_stat1 table for database P1 and load the content
-** of that table into the internal index hash table.  This will cause
-** the analysis to be used when preparing all subsequent queries.
-*/
-case OP_LoadAnalysis: {
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  rc = sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, pOp->p1);
-  break;  
-}
-#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) */
-
-/* Opcode: DropTable P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the table named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a table
-** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep 
-** the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropTable: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: DropIndex P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the index named P4 in database P1.  This is called after an index
-** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode)
-** in order to keep the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropIndex: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: DropTrigger P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
-** the trigger named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a trigger
-** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep 
-** the internal representation of the
-** schema consistent with what is on disk.
-*/
-case OP_DropTrigger: {
-  sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  break;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-/* Opcode: IntegrityCk P1 P2 P3 * P5
-**
-** Do an analysis of the currently open database.  Store in
-** register P1 the text of an error message describing any problems.
-** If no problems are found, store a NULL in register P1.
-**
-** The register P3 contains the maximum number of allowed errors.
-** At most reg(P3) errors will be reported.
-** In other words, the analysis stops as soon as reg(P1) errors are 
-** seen.  Reg(P1) is updated with the number of errors remaining.
-**
-** The root page numbers of all tables in the database are integer
-** stored in reg(P1), reg(P1+1), reg(P1+2), ....  There are P2 tables
-** total.
-**
-** If P5 is not zero, the check is done on the auxiliary database
-** file, not the main database file.
-**
-** This opcode is used to implement the integrity_check pragma.
-*/
-case OP_IntegrityCk: {
-  int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
-  int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
-  int j;          /* Loop counter */
-  int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
-  char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
-  Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
-
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-  nRoot = pOp->p2;
-  assert( nRoot>0 );
-  aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(nRoot+1) );
-  if( aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
-  assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  for(j=0; j<nRoot; j++){
-    aRoot[j] = (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue(&pIn1[j]);
-  }
-  aRoot[j] = 0;
-  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
-  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, aRoot, nRoot,
-                                 (int)pnErr->u.i, &nErr);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, aRoot);
-  pnErr->u.i -= nErr;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
-  if( nErr==0 ){
-    assert( z==0 );
-  }else if( z==0 ){
-    goto no_mem;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pIn1, z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
-  }
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pIn1, encoding);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetAdd P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis:  rowset(P1)=r[P2]
-**
-** Insert the integer value held by register P2 into a boolean index
-** held in register P1.
-**
-** An assertion fails if P2 is not an integer.
-*/
-case OP_RowSetAdd: {       /* in1, in2 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
-    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  }
-  sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn2->u.i);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetRead P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis:  r[P3]=rowset(P1)
-**
-** Extract the smallest value from boolean index P1 and put that value into
-** register P3.  Or, if boolean index P1 is initially empty, leave P3
-** unchanged and jump to instruction P2.
-*/
-case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, in1, out3 */
-  i64 val;
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 
-   || sqlite3RowSetNext(pIn1->u.pRowSet, &val)==0
-  ){
-    /* The boolean index is empty */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    VdbeBranchTaken(1,2);
-  }else{
-    /* A value was pulled from the index */
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[pOp->p3], val);
-    VdbeBranchTaken(0,2);
-  }
-  goto check_for_interrupt;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: RowSetTest P1 P2 P3 P4
-** Synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2
-**
-** Register P3 is assumed to hold a 64-bit integer value. If register P1
-** contains a RowSet object and that RowSet object contains
-** the value held in P3, jump to register P2. Otherwise, insert the
-** integer in P3 into the RowSet and continue on to the
-** next opcode.
-**
-** The RowSet object is optimized for the case where successive sets
-** of integers, where each set contains no duplicates. Each set
-** of values is identified by a unique P4 value. The first set
-** must have P4==0, the final set P4=-1.  P4 must be either -1 or
-** non-negative.  For non-negative values of P4 only the lower 4
-** bits are significant.
-**
-** This allows optimizations: (a) when P4==0 there is no need to test
-** the rowset object for P3, as it is guaranteed not to contain it,
-** (b) when P4==-1 there is no need to insert the value, as it will
-** never be tested for, and (c) when a value that is part of set X is
-** inserted, there is no need to search to see if the same value was
-** previously inserted as part of set X (only if it was previously
-** inserted as part of some other set).
-*/
-case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
-  int iSet;
-  int exists;
-
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  iSet = pOp->p4.i;
-  assert( pIn3->flags&MEM_Int );
-
-  /* If there is anything other than a rowset object in memory cell P1,
-  ** delete it now and initialize P1 with an empty rowset
-  */
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
-    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  }
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
-  assert( iSet==-1 || iSet>=0 );
-  if( iSet ){
-    exists = sqlite3RowSetTest(pIn1->u.pRowSet, iSet, pIn3->u.i);
-    VdbeBranchTaken(exists!=0,2);
-    if( exists ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( iSet>=0 ){
-    sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn3->u.i);
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-
-/* Opcode: Program P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-**
-** Execute the trigger program passed as P4 (type P4_SUBPROGRAM). 
-**
-** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory 
-** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2 
-** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE 
-** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address 
-** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the 
-** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to the VM containing the trigger program.
-**
-** If P5 is non-zero, then recursive program invocation is enabled.
-*/
-case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
-  int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
-  Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
-  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
-  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
-  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
-  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */
-
-  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-  pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
-  
-  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
-  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
-  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
-  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
-  ** 
-  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is 
-  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one 
-  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different 
-  ** ON CONFLICT algorithm). SubProgram structures associated with a
-  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token 
-  ** variable.  */
-  if( pOp->p5 ){
-    t = pProgram->token;
-    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame && pFrame->token!=t; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
-    if( pFrame ) break;
-  }
-
-  if( p->nFrame>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH] ){
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "too many levels of trigger recursion");
-    break;
-  }
-
-  /* Register pRt is used to store the memory required to save the state
-  ** of the current program, and the memory required at runtime to execute
-  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then pRt 
-  ** is already allocated. Otherwise, it must be initialized.  */
-  if( (pRt->flags&MEM_Frame)==0 ){
-    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the 
-    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
-    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
-    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
-    */
-    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
-    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
-              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
-              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *)
-              + pProgram->nOnce * sizeof(u8);
-    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
-    if( !pFrame ){
-      goto no_mem;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
-    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
-    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;
-
-    pFrame->v = p;
-    pFrame->nChildMem = nMem;
-    pFrame->nChildCsr = pProgram->nCsr;
-    pFrame->pc = pc;
-    pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
-    pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
-    pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
-    pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
-    pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
-    pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
-    pFrame->token = pProgram->token;
-    pFrame->aOnceFlag = p->aOnceFlag;
-    pFrame->nOnceFlag = p->nOnceFlag;
-
-    pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[pFrame->nChildMem];
-    for(pMem=VdbeFrameMem(pFrame); pMem!=pEnd; pMem++){
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Undefined;
-      pMem->db = db;
-    }
-  }else{
-    pFrame = pRt->u.pFrame;
-    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem );
-    assert( pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildCsr );
-    assert( pc==pFrame->pc );
-  }
-
-  p->nFrame++;
-  pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
-  pFrame->lastRowid = lastRowid;
-  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
-  p->nChange = 0;
-  p->pFrame = pFrame;
-  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
-  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
-  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
-  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
-  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
-  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
-  p->aOnceFlag = (u8 *)&p->apCsr[p->nCursor];
-  p->nOnceFlag = pProgram->nOnce;
-  pc = -1;
-  memset(p->aOnceFlag, 0, p->nOnceFlag);
-
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 
-** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory 
-** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames 
-** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.* 
-** and old.* values.
-**
-** The address of the cell in the parent frame is determined by adding
-** the value of the P1 argument to the value of the P1 argument to the
-** calling OP_Program instruction.
-*/
-case OP_Param: {           /* out2-prerelease */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-  Mem *pIn;
-  pFrame = p->pFrame;
-  pIn = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + pFrame->aOp[pFrame->pc].p1];   
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn, MEM_Ephem);
-  break;
-}
-
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-/* Opcode: FkCounter P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2
-**
-** Increment a "constraint counter" by P2 (P2 may be negative or positive).
-** If P1 is non-zero, the database constraint counter is incremented 
-** (deferred foreign key constraints). Otherwise, if P1 is zero, the 
-** statement counter is incremented (immediate foreign key constraints).
-*/
-case OP_FkCounter: {
-  if( db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs ){
-    db->nDeferredImmCons += pOp->p2;
-  }else if( pOp->p1 ){
-    db->nDeferredCons += pOp->p2;
-  }else{
-    p->nFkConstraint += pOp->p2;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: FkIfZero P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2
-**
-** This opcode tests if a foreign key constraint-counter is currently zero.
-** If so, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next 
-** instruction.
-**
-** If P1 is non-zero, then the jump is taken if the database constraint-counter
-** is zero (the one that counts deferred constraint violations). If P1 is
-** zero, the jump is taken if the statement constraint-counter is zero
-** (immediate foreign key constraint violations).
-*/
-case OP_FkIfZero: {         /* jump */
-  if( pOp->p1 ){
-    VdbeBranchTaken(db->nDeferredCons==0 && db->nDeferredImmCons==0, 2);
-    if( db->nDeferredCons==0 && db->nDeferredImmCons==0 ) pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }else{
-    VdbeBranchTaken(p->nFkConstraint==0 && db->nDeferredImmCons==0, 2);
-    if( p->nFkConstraint==0 && db->nDeferredImmCons==0 ) pc = pOp->p2-1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-/* Opcode: MemMax P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])
-**
-** P1 is a register in the root frame of this VM (the root frame is
-** different from the current frame if this instruction is being executed
-** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of 
-** its current value and the value in register P2.
-**
-** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
-** an integer.
-*/
-case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
-  if( p->pFrame ){
-    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
-    pIn1 = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
-  }else{
-    pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  }
-  assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
-  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
-  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
-    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
-
-/* Opcode: IfPos P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: if r[P1]>0 goto P2
-**
-** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
-**
-** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
-** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
-*/
-case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  VdbeBranchTaken( pIn1->u.i>0, 2);
-  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IfNeg P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P1]+=P3, if r[P1]<0 goto P2
-**
-** Register P1 must contain an integer.  Add literal P3 to the value in
-** register P1 then if the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
-*/
-case OP_IfNeg: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p3;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(pIn1->u.i<0, 2);
-  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: IfZero P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P1]+=P3, if r[P1]==0 goto P2
-**
-** The register P1 must contain an integer.  Add literal P3 to the
-** value in register P1.  If the result is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
-*/
-case OP_IfZero: {        /* jump, in1 */
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p3;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(pIn1->u.i==0, 2);
-  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
-     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AggStep * P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Execute the step function for an aggregate.  The
-** function has P5 arguments.   P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef
-** structure that specifies the function.  Use register
-** P3 as the accumulator.
-**
-** The P5 arguments are taken from register P2 and its
-** successors.
-*/
-case OP_AggStep: {
-  int n;
-  int i;
-  Mem *pMem;
-  Mem *pRec;
-  Mem t;
-  sqlite3_context ctx;
-  sqlite3_value **apVal;
-
-  n = pOp->p5;
-  assert( n>=0 );
-  pRec = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  apVal = p->apArg;
-  assert( apVal || n==0 );
-  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pRec++){
-    assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
-    apVal[i] = pRec;
-    memAboutToChange(p, pRec);
-  }
-  ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  ctx.pMem = pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  pMem->n++;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&t, db, MEM_Null);
-  ctx.pOut = &t;
-  ctx.isError = 0;
-  ctx.pVdbe = p;
-  ctx.iOp = pc;
-  ctx.skipFlag = 0;
-  (ctx.pFunc->xStep)(&ctx, n, apVal); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-  if( ctx.isError ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(&t));
-    rc = ctx.isError;
-  }
-  if( ctx.skipFlag ){
-    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
-    i = pOp[-1].p1;
-    if( i ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[i], 1);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&t);
-  break;
-}
-
-/* Opcode: AggFinal P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2
-**
-** Execute the finalizer function for an aggregate.  P1 is
-** the memory location that is the accumulator for the aggregate.
-**
-** P2 is the number of arguments that the step function takes and
-** P4 is a pointer to the FuncDef for this function.  The P2
-** argument is not used by this opcode.  It is only there to disambiguate
-** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
-** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
-** the step function was not previously called.
-*/
-case OP_AggFinal: {
-  Mem *pMem;
-  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pMem = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
-  if( rc ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pMem));
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pMem);
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pMem) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-/* Opcode: Checkpoint P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Checkpoint database P1. This is a no-op if P1 is not currently in
-** WAL mode. Parameter P2 is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL
-** or RESTART.  Write 1 or 0 into mem[P3] if the checkpoint returns
-** SQLITE_BUSY or not, respectively.  Write the number of pages in the
-** WAL after the checkpoint into mem[P3+1] and the number of pages
-** in the WAL that have been checkpointed after the checkpoint
-** completes into mem[P3+2].  However on an error, mem[P3+1] and
-** mem[P3+2] are initialized to -1.
-*/
-case OP_Checkpoint: {
-  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
-  int aRes[3];                    /* Results */
-  Mem *pMem;                      /* Write results here */
-
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  aRes[0] = 0;
-  aRes[1] = aRes[2] = -1;
-  assert( pOp->p2==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE
-       || pOp->p2==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL
-       || pOp->p2==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART
-  );
-  rc = sqlite3Checkpoint(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, &aRes[1], &aRes[2]);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    aRes[0] = 1;
-  }
-  for(i=0, pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3]; i<3; i++, pMem++){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, (i64)aRes[i]);
-  }    
-  break;
-};  
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
-/* Opcode: JournalMode P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Change the journal mode of database P1 to P3. P3 must be one of the
-** PAGER_JOURNALMODE_XXX values. If changing between the various rollback
-** modes (delete, truncate, persist, off and memory), this is a simple
-** operation. No IO is required.
-**
-** If changing into or out of WAL mode the procedure is more complicated.
-**
-** Write a string containing the final journal-mode to register P2.
-*/
-case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2-prerelease */
-  Btree *pBt;                     /* Btree to change journal mode of */
-  Pager *pPager;                  /* Pager associated with pBt */
-  int eNew;                       /* New journal mode */
-  int eOld;                       /* The old journal mode */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-  const char *zFilename;          /* Name of database file for pPager */
-#endif
-
-  eNew = pOp->p3;
-  assert( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE 
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE 
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST 
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY
-  );
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-
-  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-  pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
-  eOld = sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(pPager);
-  if( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY ) eNew = eOld;
-  if( !sqlite3PagerOkToChangeJournalMode(pPager) ) eNew = eOld;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-  zFilename = sqlite3PagerFilename(pPager, 1);
-
-  /* Do not allow a transition to journal_mode=WAL for a database
-  ** in temporary storage or if the VFS does not support shared memory 
-  */
-  if( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
-   && (sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename)==0           /* Temp file */
-       || !sqlite3PagerWalSupported(pPager))   /* No shared-memory support */
-  ){
-    eNew = eOld;
-  }
-
-  if( (eNew!=eOld)
-   && (eOld==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)
-  ){
-    if( !db->autoCommit || db->nVdbeRead>1 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, 
-          "cannot change %s wal mode from within a transaction",
-          (eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ? "into" : "out of")
-      );
-      break;
-    }else{
- 
-      if( eOld==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
-        /* If leaving WAL mode, close the log file. If successful, the call
-        ** to PagerCloseWal() checkpoints and deletes the write-ahead-log 
-        ** file. An EXCLUSIVE lock may still be held on the database file 
-        ** after a successful return. 
-        */
-        rc = sqlite3PagerCloseWal(pPager);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(pPager, eNew);
-        }
-      }else if( eOld==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
-        /* Cannot transition directly from MEMORY to WAL.  Use mode OFF
-        ** as an intermediate */
-        sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(pPager, PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF);
-      }
-  
-      /* Open a transaction on the database file. Regardless of the journal
-      ** mode, this transaction always uses a rollback journal.
-      */
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt)==0 );
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeSetVersion(pBt, (eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ? 2 : 1));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
-
-  if( rc ){
-    eNew = eOld;
-  }
-  eNew = sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(pPager, eNew);
-
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;
-  pOut->z = (char *)sqlite3JournalModename(eNew);
-  pOut->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pOut->z);
-  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding);
-  break;
-};
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA */
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
-/* Opcode: Vacuum * * * * *
-**
-** Vacuum the entire database.  This opcode will cause other virtual
-** machines to be created and run.  It may not be called from within
-** a transaction.
-*/
-case OP_Vacuum: {
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db);
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM)
-/* Opcode: IncrVacuum P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Perform a single step of the incremental vacuum procedure on
-** the P1 database. If the vacuum has finished, jump to instruction
-** P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-case OP_IncrVacuum: {        /* jump */
-  Btree *pBt;
-
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
-  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(pBt);
-  VdbeBranchTaken(rc==SQLITE_DONE,2);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Opcode: Expire P1 * * * *
-**
-** Cause precompiled statements to expire.  When an expired statement
-** is executed using sqlite3_step() it will either automatically
-** reprepare itself (if it was originally created using sqlite3_prepare_v2())
-** or it will fail with SQLITE_SCHEMA.
-** 
-** If P1 is 0, then all SQL statements become expired. If P1 is non-zero,
-** then only the currently executing statement is expired.
-*/
-case OP_Expire: {
-  if( !pOp->p1 ){
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
-  }else{
-    p->expired = 1;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-/* Opcode: TableLock P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3
-**
-** Obtain a lock on a particular table. This instruction is only used when
-** the shared-cache feature is enabled. 
-**
-** P1 is the index of the database in sqlite3.aDb[] of the database
-** on which the lock is acquired.  A readlock is obtained if P3==0 or
-** a write lock if P3==1.
-**
-** P2 contains the root-page of the table to lock.
-**
-** P4 contains a pointer to the name of the table being locked. This is only
-** used to generate an error message if the lock cannot be obtained.
-*/
-case OP_TableLock: {
-  u8 isWriteLock = (u8)pOp->p3;
-  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) ){
-    int p1 = pOp->p1; 
-    assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
-    assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, p1) );
-    assert( isWriteLock==0 || isWriteLock==1 );
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeLockTable(db->aDb[p1].pBt, pOp->p2, isWriteLock);
-    if( (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
-      const char *z = pOp->p4.z;
-      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "database table is locked: %s", z);
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VBegin * * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 may be a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. If so, call the 
-** xBegin method for that table.
-**
-** Also, whether or not P4 is set, check that this is not being called from
-** within a callback to a virtual table xSync() method. If it is, the error
-** code will be set to SQLITE_LOCKED.
-*/
-case OP_VBegin: {
-  VTable *pVTab;
-  pVTab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
-  rc = sqlite3VtabBegin(db, pVTab);
-  if( pVTab ) sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVTab->pVtab);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VCreate P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1. Call the xCreate method
-** for that table.
-*/
-case OP_VCreate: {
-  rc = sqlite3VtabCallCreate(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z, &p->zErrMsg);
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VDestroy P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is the name of a virtual table in database P1.  Call the xDestroy method
-** of that table.
-*/
-case OP_VDestroy: {
-  p->inVtabMethod = 2;
-  rc = sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
-  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VOpen P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** P1 is a cursor number.  This opcode opens a cursor to the virtual
-** table and stores that cursor in P1.
-*/
-case OP_VOpen: {
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  sqlite3_module *pModule;
-
-  assert( p->bIsReader );
-  pCur = 0;
-  pVtabCursor = 0;
-  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
-  assert(pVtab && pModule);
-  rc = pModule->xOpen(pVtab, &pVtabCursor);
-  sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
-    /* Initialize sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
-    pVtabCursor->pVtab = pVtab;
-
-    /* Initialize vdbe cursor object */
-    pCur = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, 0, -1, 0);
-    if( pCur ){
-      pCur->pVtabCursor = pVtabCursor;
-    }else{
-      db->mallocFailed = 1;
-      pModule->xClose(pVtabCursor);
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VFilter P1 P2 P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'
-**
-** P1 is a cursor opened using VOpen.  P2 is an address to jump to if
-** the filtered result set is empty.
-**
-** P4 is either NULL or a string that was generated by the xBestIndex
-** method of the module.  The interpretation of the P4 string is left
-** to the module implementation.
-**
-** This opcode invokes the xFilter method on the virtual table specified
-** by P1.  The integer query plan parameter to xFilter is stored in register
-** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
-** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc
-** additional parameters which are passed to
-** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
-**
-** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
-*/
-case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
-  int nArg;
-  int iQuery;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  Mem *pQuery;
-  Mem *pArgc;
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-  int res;
-  int i;
-  Mem **apArg;
-
-  pQuery = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  pArgc = &pQuery[1];
-  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( memIsValid(pQuery) );
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pQuery);
-  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  pVtabCursor = pCur->pVtabCursor;
-  pVtab = pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
-
-  /* Grab the index number and argc parameters */
-  assert( (pQuery->flags&MEM_Int)!=0 && pArgc->flags==MEM_Int );
-  nArg = (int)pArgc->u.i;
-  iQuery = (int)pQuery->u.i;
-
-  /* Invoke the xFilter method */
-  {
-    res = 0;
-    apArg = p->apArg;
-    for(i = 0; i<nArg; i++){
-      apArg[i] = &pArgc[i+1];
-    }
-
-    p->inVtabMethod = 1;
-    rc = pModule->xFilter(pVtabCursor, iQuery, pOp->p4.z, nArg, apArg);
-    p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-    sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      res = pModule->xEof(pVtabCursor);
-    }
-    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-    if( res ){
-      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-    }
-  }
-  pCur->nullRow = 0;
-
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)
-**
-** Store the value of the P2-th column of
-** the row of the virtual-table that the 
-** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.
-*/
-case OP_VColumn: {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  Mem *pDest;
-  sqlite3_context sContext;
-
-  VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
-  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  memAboutToChange(p, pDest);
-  if( pCur->nullRow ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
-    break;
-  }
-  pVtab = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
-  assert( pModule->xColumn );
-  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
-  sContext.pOut = pDest;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
-  rc = pModule->xColumn(pCur->pVtabCursor, &sContext, pOp->p2);
-  sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-  if( sContext.isError ){
-    rc = sContext.isError;
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pDest, encoding);
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);
-
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pDest) ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VNext P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Advance virtual table P1 to the next row in its result set and
-** jump to instruction P2.  Or, if the virtual table has reached
-** the end of its result set, then fall through to the next instruction.
-*/
-case OP_VNext: {   /* jump */
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  int res;
-  VdbeCursor *pCur;
-
-  res = 0;
-  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
-  if( pCur->nullRow ){
-    break;
-  }
-  pVtab = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
-  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
-  assert( pModule->xNext );
-
-  /* Invoke the xNext() method of the module. There is no way for the
-  ** underlying implementation to return an error if one occurs during
-  ** xNext(). Instead, if an error occurs, true is returned (indicating that 
-  ** data is available) and the error code returned when xColumn or
-  ** some other method is next invoked on the save virtual table cursor.
-  */
-  p->inVtabMethod = 1;
-  rc = pModule->xNext(pCur->pVtabCursor);
-  p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    res = pModule->xEof(pCur->pVtabCursor);
-  }
-  VdbeBranchTaken(!res,2);
-  if( !res ){
-    /* If there is data, jump to P2 */
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-  goto check_for_interrupt;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VRename P1 * * P4 *
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** This opcode invokes the corresponding xRename method. The value
-** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
-*/
-case OP_VRename: {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  Mem *pName;
-
-  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  pName = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  assert( pVtab->pModule->xRename );
-  assert( memIsValid(pName) );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pName);
-  assert( pName->flags & MEM_Str );
-  testcase( pName->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 );
-  testcase( pName->enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-  testcase( pName->enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pName, SQLITE_UTF8);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = pVtab->pModule->xRename(pVtab, pName->z);
-    sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-    p->expired = 0;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VUpdate P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: data=r[P3@P2]
-**
-** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
-** This opcode invokes the corresponding xUpdate method. P2 values
-** are contiguous memory cells starting at P3 to pass to the xUpdate 
-** invocation. The value in register (P3+P2-1) corresponds to the 
-** p2th element of the argv array passed to xUpdate.
-**
-** The xUpdate method will do a DELETE or an INSERT or both.
-** The argv[0] element (which corresponds to memory cell P3)
-** is the rowid of a row to delete.  If argv[0] is NULL then no 
-** deletion occurs.  The argv[1] element is the rowid of the new 
-** row.  This can be NULL to have the virtual table select the new 
-** rowid for itself.  The subsequent elements in the array are 
-** the values of columns in the new row.
-**
-** If P2==1 then no insert is performed.  argv[0] is the rowid of
-** a row to delete.
-**
-** P1 is a boolean flag. If it is set to true and the xUpdate call
-** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() 
-** is set to the value of the rowid for the row just inserted.
-**
-** P5 is the error actions (OE_Replace, OE_Fail, OE_Ignore, etc) to
-** apply in the case of a constraint failure on an insert or update.
-*/
-case OP_VUpdate: {
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
-  sqlite3_module *pModule;
-  int nArg;
-  int i;
-  sqlite_int64 rowid;
-  Mem **apArg;
-  Mem *pX;
-
-  assert( pOp->p2==1        || pOp->p5==OE_Fail   || pOp->p5==OE_Rollback 
-       || pOp->p5==OE_Abort || pOp->p5==OE_Ignore || pOp->p5==OE_Replace
-  );
-  assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
-  pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
-  nArg = pOp->p2;
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
-  if( ALWAYS(pModule->xUpdate) ){
-    u8 vtabOnConflict = db->vtabOnConflict;
-    apArg = p->apArg;
-    pX = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
-      assert( memIsValid(pX) );
-      memAboutToChange(p, pX);
-      apArg[i] = pX;
-      pX++;
-    }
-    db->vtabOnConflict = pOp->p5;
-    rc = pModule->xUpdate(pVtab, nArg, apArg, &rowid);
-    db->vtabOnConflict = vtabOnConflict;
-    sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pOp->p1 ){
-      assert( nArg>1 && apArg[0] && (apArg[0]->flags&MEM_Null) );
-      db->lastRowid = lastRowid = rowid;
-    }
-    if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT && pOp->p4.pVtab->bConstraint ){
-      if( pOp->p5==OE_Ignore ){
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else{
-        p->errorAction = ((pOp->p5==OE_Replace) ? OE_Abort : pOp->p5);
-      }
-    }else{
-      p->nChange++;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
-
-#ifndef  SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/* Opcode: Pagecount P1 P2 * * *
-**
-** Write the current number of pages in database P1 to memory cell P2.
-*/
-case OP_Pagecount: {            /* out2-prerelease */
-  pOut->u.i = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt);
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef  SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-/* Opcode: MaxPgcnt P1 P2 P3 * *
-**
-** Try to set the maximum page count for database P1 to the value in P3.
-** Do not let the maximum page count fall below the current page count and
-** do not change the maximum page count value if P3==0.
-**
-** Store the maximum page count after the change in register P2.
-*/
-case OP_MaxPgcnt: {            /* out2-prerelease */
-  unsigned int newMax;
-  Btree *pBt;
-
-  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;
-  newMax = 0;
-  if( pOp->p3 ){
-    newMax = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt);
-    if( newMax < (unsigned)pOp->p3 ) newMax = (unsigned)pOp->p3;
-  }
-  pOut->u.i = sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(pBt, newMax);
-  break;
-}
-#endif
-
-
-/* Opcode: Init * P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis:  Start at P2
-**
-** Programs contain a single instance of this opcode as the very first
-** opcode.
-**
-** If tracing is enabled (by the sqlite3_trace()) interface, then
-** the UTF-8 string contained in P4 is emitted on the trace callback.
-** Or if P4 is blank, use the string returned by sqlite3_sql().
-**
-** If P2 is not zero, jump to instruction P2.
-*/
-case OP_Init: {          /* jump */
-  char *zTrace;
-  char *z;
-
-  if( pOp->p2 ){
-    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
-  }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  if( db->xTrace
-   && !p->doingRerun
-   && (zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql))!=0
-  ){
-    z = sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(p, zTrace);
-    db->xTrace(db->pTraceArg, z);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
-  zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql);
-  if( zTrace ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      if( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, i)==0 ) continue;
-      sqlite3_file_control(db, db->aDb[i].zName, SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE, zTrace);
-    }
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_SqlTrace)!=0
-   && (zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql))!=0
-  ){
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("SQL-trace: %s\n", zTrace);
-  }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
-  break;
-}
-
-
-/* Opcode: Noop * * * * *
-**
-** Do nothing.  This instruction is often useful as a jump
-** destination.
-*/
-/*
-** The magic Explain opcode are only inserted when explain==2 (which
-** is to say when the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN syntax is used.)
-** This opcode records information from the optimizer.  It is the
-** the same as a no-op.  This opcodesnever appears in a real VM program.
-*/
-default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop and OP_Explain */
-  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Noop || pOp->opcode==OP_Explain );
-  break;
-}
-
-/*****************************************************************************
-** The cases of the switch statement above this line should all be indented
-** by 6 spaces.  But the left-most 6 spaces have been removed to improve the
-** readability.  From this point on down, the normal indentation rules are
-** restored.
-*****************************************************************************/
-    }
-
-#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
-    {
-      u64 endTime = sqlite3Hwtime();
-      if( endTime>start ) pOp->cycles += endTime - start;
-      pOp->cnt++;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
-    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
-    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
-    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
-    */
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
-      if( rc!=0 ) printf("rc=%d\n",rc);
-      if( pOp->opflags & (OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2) ){
-        registerTrace(pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
-      }
-      if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
-        registerTrace(pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
-      }
-    }
-#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-#endif  /* NDEBUG */
-  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */
-
-  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished with
-  ** an error of some kind.
-  */
-vdbe_error_halt:
-  assert( rc );
-  p->rc = rc;
-  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(rc, "statement aborts at %d: [%s] %s", 
-                   pc, p->zSql, p->zErrMsg);
-  sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-  if( resetSchemaOnFault>0 ){
-    sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, resetSchemaOnFault-1);
-  }
-
-  /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
-  ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
-  ** top. */
-vdbe_return:
-  db->lastRowid = lastRowid;
-  testcase( nVmStep>0 );
-  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP] += (int)nVmStep;
-  sqlite3VdbeLeave(p);
-  return rc;
-
-  /* Jump to here if a string or blob larger than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
-  ** is encountered.
-  */
-too_big:
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "string or blob too big");
-  rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here if a malloc() fails.
-  */
-no_mem:
-  db->mallocFailed = 1;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "out of memory");
-  rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here for any other kind of fatal error.  The "rc" variable
-  ** should hold the error number.
-  */
-abort_due_to_error:
-  assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-  }
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-
-  /* Jump to here if the sqlite3_interrupt() API sets the interrupt
-  ** flag.
-  */
-abort_due_to_interrupt:
-  assert( db->u1.isInterrupted );
-  rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-  p->rc = rc;
-  sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
-  goto vdbe_error_halt;
-}