Chromium Code Reviews| Index: chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_nostate_prefetch_test.cc |
| diff --git a/chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_nostate_prefetch_test.cc b/chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_nostate_prefetch_test.cc |
| new file mode 100644 |
| index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddcacee68a92b799006a28084cc80c50056b3b9e |
| --- /dev/null |
| +++ b/chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_nostate_prefetch_test.cc |
| @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ |
| +// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. |
| +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be |
| +// found in the LICENSE file. |
| + |
| +#include "base/command_line.h" |
| +#include "base/strings/string_split.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_manager.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_manager_factory.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/prerender/prerender_test_utils.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/task_manager/task_manager_browsertest_util.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/ui/browser.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/ui/browser_commands.h" |
| +#include "chrome/browser/ui/tabs/tab_strip_model.h" |
| +#include "chrome/common/chrome_switches.h" |
| +#include "chrome/grit/generated_resources.h" |
| +#include "chrome/test/base/ui_test_utils.h" |
| +#include "content/public/common/content_switches.h" |
| +#include "content/public/common/url_constants.h" |
| +#include "content/public/test/browser_test_utils.h" |
| +#include "net/base/escape.h" |
| +#include "net/dns/mock_host_resolver.h" |
| +#include "net/test/embedded_test_server/request_handler_util.h" |
| +#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h" |
| +#include "ui/base/l10n/l10n_util.h" |
| + |
| +using prerender::test_utils::CreateCountingInterceptorOnIO; |
| +using prerender::test_utils::DestructionWaiter; |
| +using prerender::test_utils::RequestCounter; |
| +using prerender::test_utils::TestPrerender; |
| +using prerender::test_utils::TestPrerenderContents; |
| +using task_manager::browsertest_util::WaitForTaskManagerRows; |
| +namespace prerender { |
| + |
| +// The various uses of URLs in these tests (the test server, request capture, |
| +// etc) are fussy about relative versus absolute paths. With the exception of |
| +// kPrefetchLoaderPath, which is only used in PrerenderTestURLImpl, all other |
| +// paths should be relative. |
| +const char kPrefetchLoaderPath[] = "/prerender/prerender_prefetch_loader.html"; |
| +const char kPrefetchPage[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch_page.html"; |
| +const char kPrefetchScript[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch.js"; |
| +const char kPrefetchPage2[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch_page2.html"; |
| +const char kPrefetchScript2[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch2.js"; |
| +const char kPrefetchImagePage[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch_image.html"; |
| +const char kPrefetchLoopPage[] = "prerender/prerender_prefetch_loop.html"; |
| + |
| +const char kPrefetchJpeg[] = "prerender/image.jpeg"; |
| +const char kPrefetchPng[] = "prerender/image.png"; |
| + |
| +const char kPageBool[] = "pageBool"; |
| +const char kScriptBool[] = "scriptBool"; |
| + |
| +class NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest |
| + : public test_utils::PrerenderInProcessBrowserTest { |
| + public: |
| + NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest() {} |
| + |
| + void SetUpCommandLine(base::CommandLine* command_line) override { |
| + PrerenderInProcessBrowserTest::SetUpCommandLine(command_line); |
| + command_line->AppendSwitchASCII( |
| + switches::kPrerenderMode, switches::kPrerenderModeSwitchValuePrefetch); |
| + } |
| + |
| + // Set up a request counter for the path. |
| + void CountRequestFor(const std::string& path, RequestCounter* counter) { |
| + GURL::Replacements replacement; |
| + replacement.SetPathStr(path); |
| + const GURL url = src_server()->base_url().ReplaceComponents(replacement); |
| + base::FilePath url_file = |
| + ui_test_utils::GetTestFilePath(base::FilePath(), base::FilePath(path)); |
| + content::BrowserThread::PostTask( |
| + content::BrowserThread::IO, FROM_HERE, |
| + base::Bind(&CreateCountingInterceptorOnIO, url, url_file, |
| + counter->AsWeakPtr())); |
| + } |
| + |
| + // Fetches a boolean value from javascript. Returns whether the fetch |
| + // succeeded; the value of the variable is returned in value. If |
| + // javascript_variable does not exist, this returns false and value is |
| + // unchanged. The function checks that script execution works. |
| + bool GetJavascriptBoolean(const std::string& javascript_variable, |
| + content::WebContents* web_contents, |
| + bool* value) { |
| + // In order to detect unknown variables we need a three-valued return. |
| + int result; |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(content::ExecuteScriptAndExtractInt( |
| + web_contents, |
| + "try { if (" + javascript_variable + ") { " + |
| + "window.domAutomationController.send(1) } else { " + |
| + "window.domAutomationController.send(0); } } catch(err) {" + |
| + "window.domAutomationController.send(2) }", |
| + &result)); |
| + if (result == 2) { |
| + // This means an exception was caught, usually because of a missing |
| + // variable. |
| + return false; |
| + } |
| + *value = (result == 1); |
| + return true; |
| + } |
| + |
| + // As above, but just checks for a missing variable. |
| + bool JavascriptVariableMissing(const std::string& javascript_variable, |
| + content::WebContents* web_contents) { |
| + bool unused; |
| + return !GetJavascriptBoolean(javascript_variable, web_contents, &unused); |
| + } |
| + |
| + private: |
| + ScopedVector<TestPrerender> PrerenderTestURLImpl( |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:19
Optional: I think ScopedVector is deprecated, use
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
I thought of that, but to tear it out would requir
|
| + const GURL& prerender_url, |
| + const std::vector<FinalStatus>& expected_final_status_queue, |
| + int expected_number_of_loads) override { |
| + base::StringPairs replacement_text; |
| + replacement_text.push_back( |
| + make_pair("REPLACE_WITH_PREFETCH_URL", prerender_url.spec())); |
| + std::string replacement_path; |
| + net::test_server::GetFilePathWithReplacements( |
| + kPrefetchLoaderPath, replacement_text, &replacement_path); |
| + GURL loader_url = src_server()->GetURL(replacement_path); |
| + |
| + ScopedVector<TestPrerender> prerenders = NavigateWithPrerenders( |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:19
Same comment about ScopedVector (optional).
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
Acknowledged.
|
| + loader_url, expected_final_status_queue, expected_number_of_loads); |
| + |
| + TestPrerenderContents* prerender_contents = prerenders[0]->contents(); |
| + CHECK(prerender_contents); |
| + // Check that the prerender contents final status is unchanged from its |
| + // default value, meaning that the contents has not been destroyed. |
| + EXPECT_EQ(FINAL_STATUS_MAX, prerender_contents->final_status()); |
| + |
| + EXPECT_EQ(expected_number_of_loads, prerenders[0]->number_of_loads()); |
| + |
| + return prerenders; |
| + } |
| +}; |
| + |
| +// Checks that when the prefetch page is loaded in full, javascript values are |
| +// set as expected. This checks that our test system is working as expected. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, CheckJavascript) { |
| + ui_test_utils::NavigateToURL( |
| + current_browser(), src_server()->GetURL(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage))); |
| + content::WebContents* web_contents = |
| + current_browser()->tab_strip_model()->GetActiveWebContents(); |
| + |
| + // Confirm we can get true and false values. |
| + bool value = false; |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(GetJavascriptBoolean(kPageBool, web_contents, &value)); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(value); |
| + value = true; |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(GetJavascriptBoolean("pageAntiBool", web_contents, &value)); |
| + EXPECT_FALSE(value); |
| + |
| + // Confirm a value from the script is plumbed through. |
| + value = false; |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(GetJavascriptBoolean(kScriptBool, web_contents, &value)); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(value); |
| + |
| + // Confirm that the expected happens when a value doesn't exist. |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(JavascriptVariableMissing("iDontExist", web_contents)); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Checks that a page is correctly prerendered in the case of a |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:20
s/prerendered/prefetched/
?
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
Done.
|
| +// <link rel=prerender> tag and then loaded into a tab in response to a |
| +// navigation, when NoState Prefetch is enabled. |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:19
Maybe add something like:
// Check that Javascript
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
Done.
|
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchSimple) { |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + RequestCounter main_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchPage, &main_counter); |
| + |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> test_prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + main_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + |
| + content::WebContents* contents = |
| + test_prerender->contents()->prerender_contents(); |
| + content::WebContents* active_contents = |
| + current_browser()->tab_strip_model()->GetActiveWebContents(); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(JavascriptVariableMissing(kPageBool, contents)); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(JavascriptVariableMissing(kScriptBool, contents)); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(JavascriptVariableMissing(kPageBool, active_contents)); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(JavascriptVariableMissing(kScriptBool, active_contents)); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.PerceivedPLT", 1); |
| + // TODO(mattcary): add prefetch-specific histograms when droger's cl lands. |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:20
That CL is landed now, but it's fine to leave this
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
Thanks. I can go ahead and add them, which histogr
droger
2016/09/21 10:01:52
In this particular test,
Prerender.NoStatePrefet
|
| +} |
| + |
| +// Test that we prefetch an img tag in body using our particular |
| +// prerender_prefetch_image.html setup. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchImage) { |
| + RequestCounter image_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchJpeg, &image_counter); |
| + base::StringPairs replacement_text; |
| + replacement_text.push_back( |
| + std::make_pair("REPLACE_WITH_IMAGE_URL", MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchJpeg))); |
| + std::string main_page_path; |
| + net::test_server::GetFilePathWithReplacements( |
| + kPrefetchImagePage, replacement_text, &main_page_path); |
| + // Note that we can't CountRequestFor the main page as we use the test server |
| + // for handling the image url replacement. |
| + PrerenderTestURL(main_page_path, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + image_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check cross-domain prefetching by looking at histograms. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchCrossDomain) { |
| + static const std::string secondary_domain = "www.foo.com"; |
| + host_resolver()->AddRule(secondary_domain, "127.0.0.1"); |
| + GURL cross_domain_url(base::StringPrintf( |
| + "http://%s:%d/%s", secondary_domain.c_str(), |
| + embedded_test_server()->host_port_pair().port(), kPrefetchPage)); |
| + PrerenderTestURL(cross_domain_url, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.PerceivedPLT", 1); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.none_PerceivedPLT", 1); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount( |
| + "Prerender.webcross_PrerenderNotSwappedInPLT", 1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check that we support simultaneous prefetch. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchSimultaneous) { |
| + RequestCounter first_main_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchPage, &first_main_counter); |
| + RequestCounter second_main_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchPage2, &second_main_counter); |
| + RequestCounter first_script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &first_script_counter); |
| + RequestCounter second_script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript2, &second_script_counter); |
| + |
| + // The first prerender is marked as canceled as when the second starts, it |
| + // sees that the first has been abandoned (presumably because we detach |
| + // immediately and so it dies quickly). |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_CANCELLED, 1); |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage2, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + first_main_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + second_main_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + first_script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + second_script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.PerceivedPLT", 2); |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.none_PerceivedPLT", 2); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check that we correctly handle a prefetch to a nonexisting page. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchNonexisting) { |
| + PrerenderTestURL("nonexisting-page.html", FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 0); |
| + // TODO(mattcary): we fire up a prerenderer before we discover that the main |
| + // page doesn't exist, we still count this as a prerender. Also we don't fail |
| + // the renderer (presumably because we've detached the resource, etc). Is this |
| + // what we want? |
| + histogram_tester().ExpectTotalCount("Prerender.PerceivedPLT", 1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check that we follow a 301 redirect. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, Prefetch301Redirect) { |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + PrerenderTestURL( |
| + "/server-redirect/?" + |
| + net::EscapeQueryParamValue(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage), false), |
| + FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check that we don't follow a client redirect. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchClientRedirect) { |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + // We use a sentinel via a complete load kPrefetchPage2. Otherwise we end |
| + // before script_counter would reliable see the load of kPrefetchScript, were |
| + // it to happen. |
| + RequestCounter sentinel_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript2, &sentinel_counter); |
| + PrerenderTestURL( |
| + "/client-redirect/?" + |
| + net::EscapeQueryParamValue(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage), false), |
| + FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + ui_test_utils::NavigateToURL( |
| + current_browser(), src_server()->GetURL(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage2))); |
| + sentinel_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(0); |
| +} |
| + |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, PrefetchHttps) { |
| + UseHttpsSrcServer(); |
| + RequestCounter main_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchPage, &main_counter); |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + main_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// Check that if an SSL error happens we don't fetch. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, SSLError) { |
| + // We only send the loaded page, not the loader, through SSL. |
| + net::EmbeddedTestServer https_server(net::EmbeddedTestServer::TYPE_HTTPS); |
| + https_server.SetSSLConfig(net::EmbeddedTestServer::CERT_MISMATCHED_NAME); |
| + https_server.ServeFilesFromSourceDirectory("chrome/test/data"); |
| + ASSERT_TRUE(https_server.Start()); |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(https_server.GetURL(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage)), |
| + FINAL_STATUS_SSL_ERROR, 0); |
| + DestructionWaiter waiter(prerender->contents(), FINAL_STATUS_SSL_ERROR); |
| + EXPECT_TRUE(waiter.WaitForDestroy()); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// We should not have a problem if a subresource fails SSL. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, SSLSubresourceError) { |
| + // First confirm that the image loads as expected. |
| + |
| + // Note that we start a separate HTTPS server for the subresource; |
| + // src_server() is non-HTTPS. |
| + net::EmbeddedTestServer https_server(net::EmbeddedTestServer::TYPE_HTTPS); |
| + https_server.SetSSLConfig(net::EmbeddedTestServer::CERT_MISMATCHED_NAME); |
| + https_server.ServeFilesFromSourceDirectory("chrome/test/data"); |
| + ASSERT_TRUE(https_server.Start()); |
| + GURL https_url = https_server.GetURL("/prerender/image.jpeg"); |
| + base::StringPairs replacement_text; |
| + replacement_text.push_back( |
| + std::make_pair("REPLACE_WITH_IMAGE_URL", https_url.spec())); |
| + std::string main_page_path; |
| + net::test_server::GetFilePathWithReplacements( |
| + kPrefetchImagePage, replacement_text, &main_page_path); |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(main_page_path, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + // Check that the presumed failure of the image load didn't affect the script |
| + // fetch. This assumes waiting for the script load is enough to see any error |
| + // from the image load. |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, Loop) { |
| + RequestCounter script_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchScript, &script_counter); |
| + RequestCounter main_counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchLoopPage, &main_counter); |
| + |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> test_prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchLoopPage, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + main_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| + script_counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +#if defined(ENABLE_TASK_MANAGER) |
| + |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, |
| + OpenTaskManagerBeforePrefetch) { |
| + const base::string16 any_prerender = MatchTaskManagerPrerender("*"); |
| + const base::string16 any_tab = MatchTaskManagerTab("*"); |
| + const base::string16 original = MatchTaskManagerTab("Prefetch Loader"); |
| + // Presumably we don't see the title in the task manager as the page has not |
| + // been fully parsed. |
| + const base::string16 prerender = |
| + MatchTaskManagerPrerender("*prerender_prefetch_page.html*"); |
| + |
| + // Show the task manager. This populates the model. |
| + chrome::OpenTaskManager(current_browser()); |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(1, any_tab)); |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(0, any_prerender)); |
| + |
| + // Prerender a page in addition to the original tab. |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + |
| + // A TaskManager entry should appear like "Prerender: Prerender Page" |
| + // alongside the original tab entry. There should be just these two entries. |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(1, prerender)); |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(1, original)); |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(1, any_prerender)); |
| + ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForTaskManagerRows(1, any_tab)); |
| +} |
| + |
| +#endif // defined(ENABLE_TASK_MANAGER) |
| + |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, RendererCrash) { |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_RENDERER_CRASHED, 1); |
| + prerender->contents()->prerender_contents()->GetController().LoadURL( |
| + GURL(content::kChromeUICrashURL), content::Referrer(), |
| + ui::PAGE_TRANSITION_TYPED, std::string()); |
| + prerender->WaitForStop(); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// For the next two tests, there is nothing for the prefetch scanner to do. But |
| +// we make sure we behave as expect. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, Png) { |
| + RequestCounter counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchPng, &counter); |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPng, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, Jpeg) { |
| + RequestCounter counter; |
| + CountRequestFor(kPrefetchJpeg, &counter); |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchJpeg, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 1); |
| + counter.WaitForCount(1); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// We should not prefetch from malware sites. |
| +IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NoStatePrefetchBrowserTest, |
| + PrerenderSafeBrowsingTopLevel) { |
| + GURL url = src_server()->GetURL(MakeAbsolute(kPrefetchPage)); |
| + GetFakeSafeBrowsingDatabaseManager()->SetThreatTypeForUrl( |
| + url, safe_browsing::SB_THREAT_TYPE_URL_MALWARE); |
| + // Prefetch resource are blocked, but the prerender is not killed in any |
| + // special way. |
| + // TODO(mattcary): do we care about detecting if the main resource is fetched |
| + // and preload scanning has started? |
| + std::unique_ptr<TestPrerender> prerender = |
| + PrerenderTestURL(kPrefetchPage, FINAL_STATUS_APP_TERMINATING, 0); |
| +} |
| + |
| +// TODO(mattcary) more histograms when droger's change lands. |
| + |
| +// histogram_tester()->GetTotalCountsForPrefix |
|
droger
2016/09/20 10:57:20
Remove this line?
mattcary
2016/09/21 08:45:10
Opps, done.
|
| + |
| +} // namespace prerender |