Add LogDog / annotation protobuf support.

recipe_engine/stream_logdog.py

+# Copyright 2015 The LUCI Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""stream.StreamEngine implementation for LogDog, using Milo annotation
+protobuf.
+"""
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import copy
+import datetime
+import os
+import threading
+import sys
+
+from . import env
+from . import stream
+from . import util
+
+import google.protobuf.message
+import google.protobuf.timestamp_pb2 as timestamp_pb2
+import libs.logdog.bootstrap
+import libs.logdog.stream
+import libs.logdog.streamname
+import annotations_pb2 as pb
+
+
+# The datetime for the epoch.
+_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
+
+# The annotation stream ContentType.
+#
+# This must match the ContentType for the annotation binary protobuf, which
+# is specified in "<luci-go>/common/proto/milo/util.go".
+ANNOTATION_CONTENT_TYPE = 'text/x-chrome-infra-annotations; version=2'
+
+
+class _Environment(object):
+  """Simulated system environment. The StreamEngine uses this to probe for
+  system parameters. By default, the environment will be derived from the
+  actual system.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, now_fn, argv, environ, cwd):
+    self._now_fn = now_fn
+    self.argv = argv
+    self.environ = environ
+    self.cwd = cwd
+
+  @property
+  def now(self):
+    return self._now_fn()
+
+  @classmethod
+  def probe(cls):
+    return cls(
+        now_fn=datetime.datetime.now,
+        argv=sys.argv[:],
+        environ=dict(os.environ),
+        cwd=os.getcwd(),
+    )
+
+
+class StreamEngine(stream.StreamEngine):
+  """A stream.StreamEngine implementation that uses Logdog streams and Milo
+  annotation protobufs.
+
+  The generated LogDog streams will be (relative to "name_base"):
+  /annotations
+      The base annotations stream.
+
+  /steps/<step_name>/
+      Base stream name for a given step. Note that if multiple steps normalize
+      to the same <step_name> value, an index will be appended, such as
+      <step_name>_0. This can happen because the stream name component of a
+      step is normalized, so two validly-independent steps ("My Thing" and
+      "My_Thing") will both normalize to "My_Thing". In this case, the second
+      one would have the stream name component, "My_Thing_1".
+
+  /steps/<step_name>/stdout
+      STDOUT stream for step "<step_name>".
+  /steps/<step_name>/stderr
+      STDOUT stream for step "<step_name>".
+
+  /steps/<step_name>/logs/<log_name>/<log_name_index>
+      Stream name for a given step's logs. <log_name_index> is the index of the
+      log with the given normalized name. This is similar to <step_name>, only
+      the index is added as a separate stream name component.
+  """
+
+  # The name of the annotation stream.
+  ANNOTATION_NAME = 'annotations'
+
+
+  class TextStream(stream.StreamEngine.Stream):
+
+    def __init__(self, fd):
+      super(StreamEngine.TextStream, self).__init__()
+      self._fd = fd
+
+    ##
+    # Implement stream.StreamEngine.Stream
+    ##
+
+    def write_line(self, line):
+      self._fd.write(line)
+      self._fd.write('\n')
+
+    def write_split(self, string):
+      self._fd.write(string)
+      if not string.endswith('\n'):
+        self._fd.write('\n')
+
+    def close(self):
+      self._fd.close()
+
+
+  class StepStream(stream.StreamEngine.StepStream):
+    """An individual step stream."""
+
+    def __init__(self, engine, step):
+      # We will lazily create the STDOUT stream when the first data is written.
+      super(StreamEngine.StepStream, self).__init__()
+
+      self._engine = engine
+      self._step = step
+
+      # We keep track of the log streams associated with this step.
+      self._log_stream_index = {}
+
+      # We will lazily instantiate our stdout stream when content is actually
+      # written to it.
+      self._stdout_stream = None
+
+      # The retained step summary text. When generating failure details, this
+      # will be consumed to populate their text field.
+      self._summary_text = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(cls, engine, step):
+      stream = cls(engine, step)
+
+      # Start our step.
+      stream._step.msg.status = pb.RUNNING
+      engine._set_timestamp(stream._step.msg.started)
+
+      return stream
+
+    def _check_annotation_changed(fn):

[martiniss, 2016/09/27 19:24:48]

Doesn't pylint complain about this?

[dnj, 2016/09/27 23:13:58]

Hmm, it does. I'll move it out. I have run pylint now, made a few tweaks to make
it happy.

(FWIW rest of recipe engine isn't pylint happy)

[martiniss, 2016/09/30 20:41:44]

Yeah, it isn't :(

+      """Decorator that can be applied to a StepStream instance method to call
+      our bound Engine's _check after the function is finished.
+
+      This should decorate any method that modifies annotation state.
+      """
+      def check_after(inner, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = fn(inner, *args, **kwargs)
+        inner._engine._check()
+        return v
+      return check_after
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def _get_stdout(self):
+      if self._stdout_stream is None:
+        # Create a new STDOUT text stream.
+        stream_name = self._step.stream_name_base.append('stdout')
+        self._stdout_stream = self._engine._client.open_text(str(stream_name))
+
+        self._step.msg.stdout_stream.name = str(stream_name)
+      return self._stdout_stream
+
+    ##
+    # Implement stream.StreamEngine.Stream
+    ##
+
+    def write_line(self, line):
+      stdout = self._get_stdout()
+      stdout.write(line)
+      stdout.write('\n')
+
+    def write_split(self, string):
+      stdout = self._get_stdout()
+      stdout.write(string)
+      if not string.endswith('\n'):
+        stdout.write('\n')
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def close(self):
+      if self._stdout_stream is not None:
+        self._stdout_stream.close()
+
+      # If we still have retained summary text, a failure, and no failure detail
+      # text, copy it there.
+      if self._summary_text is not None:
+        if (self._step.msg.HasField('failure_details') and
+            not self._step.msg.failure_details.text):
+          self._step.msg.failure_details.text = self._summary_text
+
+      # Close our Step.
+      self._engine._close_step(self._step.msg)
+
+    ##
+    # Implement stream.StreamEngine.StepStream
+    ##
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def new_log_stream(self, log_name):
+      # Generate the base normalized log stream name for this log.
+      stream_name = self._step.stream_name_base.append('logs', log_name)
+
+      # Add the log stream index to the end of the stream name.
+      index = self._log_stream_index.setdefault(str(stream_name), 0)
+      self._log_stream_index[str(stream_name)] = index + 1
+      stream_name = stream_name.append(str(index))
+
+      # Create a new log stream for this name.
+      fd = self._engine._client.open_text(str(stream_name))
+
+      # Update our step to include the log stream.
+      link = self._step.msg.other_links.add(label=log_name)
+      link.logdog_stream.name = str(stream_name)
+
+      return self._engine.TextStream(fd)
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def add_step_text(self, text):
+      self._step.msg.text.append(text)
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def add_step_summary_text(self, text):
+      self._step.msg.text.insert(0, text)
+      self._summary_text = text
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def add_step_link(self, name, url):
+      self._step.msg.other_links.add(label=name, url=url)
+
+    def reset_subannotation_state(self):
+      pass
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def set_step_status(self, status):
+      if status == 'SUCCESS':
+        self._step.msg.status = pb.SUCCESS
+      elif status == 'WARNING':
+        self._step.msg.status = pb.SUCCESS
+        self._step.msg.failure_details.type = pb.FailureDetails.GENERAL
+      elif status == 'FAILURE':
+        self._step.msg.status = pb.FAILURE
+        self._step.msg.failure_details.type=pb.FailureDetails.GENERAL
+      elif status == 'EXCEPTION':
+        self._step.msg.status = pb.FAILURE
+        self._step.msg.failure_details.type = pb.FailureDetails.EXCEPTION
+      else:
+        raise ValueError('Unknown status [%s]' % (status,))
+
+    @_check_annotation_changed
+    def set_build_property(self, key, value):
+      self._engine._anno.update_properties(key=value)
+
+    def trigger(self, trigger_spec):
+      if self._engine._ignore_triggers:
+        return
+      raise NotImplementedError(
+          'Stream-based triggering is not supported for LogDog. Please use '
+          'a recipe module (e.g., buildbucket) directly for build scheduling.')
+
+
+  def __init__(self, client=None, streamserver_uri=None, name_base=None,
+               ignore_triggers=False, env=None):
+    """Initializes a new LogDog/Annotation StreamEngine.
+
+    Args:
+      client (libs.logdog.stream.StreamClient or None): the LogDog stream client
+          to use. If this is None, a new StreamClient will be instantiated when
+          this StreamEngine is opened.
+      streamserver_uri (str or None): The LogDog Butler stream server URI. See
+          LogDog client library docs for details on supported protocols and
+          format. This will only be used when "client" is None. If this is also
+          None, a StreamClient will be created through probing.
+      name_base (str or None): The default stream name prefix that will be added
+          to generated LogDog stream names. If None, no prefix will be applied.
+      ignore_triggers (bool): Triggers are not supported in LogDog annotation
+          streams. If True, attempts to trigger will be silently ignored. If
+          False, they will cause a NotImplementedError to be raised.
+      env (_Environment or None): The _Environment instance to use for
+          operations. This will be None at production, but can be overridden
+          here for testing.
+    """
+
+    self._client = client
+    self._streamserver_uri = streamserver_uri
+    self._name_base = _StreamName(name_base)
+    self._ignore_triggers = ignore_triggers
+    self._env = env or _Environment.probe()
+
+    self._astate = None
+
+    self._streams = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+  def new_step_stream(self, step_config):
+    # TODO(dnj): In the current iteration, subannotations are NOT supported.

[martiniss, 2016/09/27 19:24:48]

The subannotation feature is used by chromium I think, right? I think the perf
or android test runner does this...

https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/build/scripts/slave/recipe_modules/chromium/...
:/

Out of scope for this CL, but we should have a plan for dealing with users of
this option.

[dnj, 2016/09/27 23:13:58]

Used by CrOS too.
The plan is to basically spawn a new AnnotationMonitor for the subannotation
step and run all of its stuff through there, then add it as a link to the
top-level step. That's complicated enough that I think a new CL is the way to go
with that.

+    # In order to support them, they would have to be parsed out of the stream
+    # and converted into Milo Annotation protobuf. This is a non-trivial effort
+    # and may be a waste of time, as in a LogDog-enabled world, the component
+    # emitting sub-annotations would actually just create its own annotation
+    # stream and emit its own Milo protobuf.
+    #
+    # Components that emit subannotations and don't want to be converted to use
+    # LogDog streams could bootstrap themselves through Annotee and let it do
+    # the work.
+    #
+    # For now, though, we explicitly do NOT support LogDog running with
+    # subannotations enabled.
+    if step_config.allow_subannotations:
+      raise NotImplementedError('Subannotations are not supported with LogDog '
+                                'output.')
+
+    stream = self.StepStream.create(self, self._astate.create_step(step_config))
+    self._check()
+    return stream
+
+  def open(self):
+    # Initialize our client, if one is not provided.
+    if self._client is None:
+      if self._streamserver_uri:
+        self._client = libs.logdog.stream.create(self._streamserver_uri)
+      else:
+        # Probe the stream client via Bootstrap.
+        bootstrap = libs.logdog.bootstrap.probe()
+        self._client = bootstrap.stream_client()
+
+    annotation_stream_name = self._name_base.append(self.ANNOTATION_NAME)
+    self._annotation_stream = self._client.open_datagram(
+        str(annotation_stream_name),
+        content_type=ANNOTATION_CONTENT_TYPE)
+
+    self._annotation_monitor = _AnnotationMonitor(self._annotation_stream)
+
+    # Initialize our open streams list.
+    self._streams.clear()
+
+    # Initialize our annotation state.
+    self._astate = _AnnotationState.create(self._name_base, env=self._env)
+    self._astate.base.status = pb.RUNNING
+    self._set_timestamp(self._astate.base.started)
+    self._check()
+
+  def close(self):
+    assert self._astate is not None, 'StreamEngine is not open.'
+
+    # Shut down any outstanding streams that may not have been closed for
+    # whatever reason.
+    for s in reversed(self._streams.values()):
+      s.close()
+
+    # Close out our root Step. Manually check annotation state afterwards.
+    self._close_step(self._astate.base)
+    self._check()
+
+    # Shut down our annotation monitor and close our annotation stream.
+    self._annotation_monitor.flush_and_join()
+    self._annotation_stream.close()
+
+    # Clear our client and state. We are now closed.
+    self._streams.clear()
+    self._client = None
+    self._astate = None
+
+  def _check(self):
+    if self._astate is None:
+      return
+
+    step_data = self._astate.check()
+    if step_data is not None:
+      self._annotation_monitor.signal_update(step_data)
+
+  def _set_timestamp(self, dst):

[martiniss, 2016/09/27 19:24:48]

I don't understand this function. What's the point?

[dnj, 2016/09/27 23:13:58]

It loads data into the protobuf. I've updated the description; originally it
returned a protobuf but that didn't work well with Python's protobuf
implementation.

+    """Returns (timestamp_pb2.Timestamp): Containing the time from dt.
+
+    Args:
+      dt (datetime.datetime): the time to load into the timestamp.

[martiniss, 2016/09/27 19:24:48]

Args are wrong.

[dnj, 2016/09/27 23:13:58]

Acknowledged.

+    """
+    dt = self._env.now
+
+    # Convert to milliseconds from epoch.
+    v = (dt - _EPOCH).total_seconds()
+
+    dst.seconds = int(v)
+    dst.nanos = int((v - dst.seconds) * 1000000000.0) # Remainder as nanos.
+
+  def _close_step(self, step):
+    """Closes a step, and any open substeps, propagating status.
+
+    If all of the substeps are already closed, this will do nothing. However, if
+    any are open, it will close them with an infra failure state.
+
+    If any substeps failed, the failure will be propagated to step.
+
+    Args:
+      step (pb.Step): The Step message to close.
+    """
+    # Close any open substeps, in case some of them didn't close.
+    failed = []
+    incomplete = []
+    for sub in step.substep:
+      if not sub.HasField('step'):
+        # Not an embedded substep.
+        continue
+
+      # Did this step actually complete? It should have, by now, so if it didn't
+      # we'll be reporting an infra failure in "step".
+      if sub.step.status not in (pb.SUCCESS, pb.FAILURE):
+        incomplete.append(sub.step)
+
+      # Close this substep. This may be a no-op, if the substep is already
+      # closed.
+      self._close_step(sub.step)
+
+      # If a substep failed, propagate its failure status to "step".
+      if sub.step.status == pb.FAILURE:
+        failed.append(sub.step)
+
+      # If we had any incomplete steps, mark that we failed.
+      if incomplete:
+        step.status = pb.FAILURE
+        if step.failure_details is None:
+          step.failure_details = pb.FailureDetails(
+              type=pb.FailureDetails.INFRA,
+              text='Some substeps did not complete: %s' % (
+                  ', '.join(s.name for s in incomplete)),
+          )
+      elif failed:
+        step.status = pb.FAILURE
+        if step.failure_details is None:
+          # This step didn't successfully close, so propagate an infra failure.
+          step.failure_details = pb.FailureDetails(
+              type=pb.FailureDetails.GENERAL,
+              text='Some substeps failed: %s' % (
+                  ', '.join(s.name for s in failed)),
+          )
+
+    # Now close "step". If it's still RUNNING, assume that it was successful.
+    if step.status == pb.RUNNING:
+      step.status = pb.SUCCESS
+    if not step.HasField('ended'):
+      self._set_timestamp(step.ended)
+
+
+
+class _AnnotationMonitor(object):
+  """The owner of the annotation datagram stream, sending annotation updates in
+  a controlled manner and buffering them when the content hasn't changed.
+
+  By default, since annotation state can change rapidly, minor annotation
+  changes are throttled such that they are only actually sent periodically.
+
+  New annotation state updates can be installed by calling `signal_update`.
+  After being started, the _AnnotationMonitor thread must be shut down by
+  calling its `flush_and_join` method.
+  """
+
+  # Flush interval for non-structural events.
+  _ANNOTATION_MONITOR_PERIOD = datetime.timedelta(seconds=30)
+
+  def __init__(self, fd, flush_period=None):
+    self._fd = fd
+    self._flush_period = flush_period or self._ANNOTATION_MONITOR_PERIOD
+
+    # The following group of variables is protected by "_lock".
+    self._lock = threading.Lock()
+    self._current_data = None
+    self._flush_timer = None
+    self._last_flush_time = None
+    self._last_flush_data = None
+
+  def signal_update(self, step_data, structural=False):
+    """Updates the annotation state with new step data.
+
+    This updates our state to include new step data. The annotation monitor
+    thread will pick this up and dispatch it, either:
+    - Eventually, when the flush period completes, or
+    - Immediately, if this is a structural change.
+
+    Args:
+      step_data (str): The updated binary annotation protobuf step data.
+      structural (bool): If True, this is a structural update and should be
+          pushed immediately.
+    """
+    with self._lock:
+      # Did our data actually change?
+      if step_data == self._last_flush_data:
+        # Nope, leave things as-is.
+        return
+
+      # This is new data. Is it structural? If so, flush immediately.
+      # If not, make sure our timer is running so it will eventually be flushed.
+      # Note that the timer may also suggest that we flush immediately.
+      now = datetime.datetime.now()
+      self._current_data = step_data
+      if structural or self._set_flush_timer_locked(now):
+        # We should flush immediately.
+        self._flush_now_locked(now)
+
+  def flush_and_join(self):
+    """Flushes any remaining updates and blocks until the monitor is complete.
+    """
+    # Mark that we're finished and signal our event.
+    with self._lock:
+      self._flush_now_locked(datetime.datetime.now())
+
+  @property
+  def latest(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      return self._last_flush_data
+
+  def _flush_now_locked(self, now):
+    # Clear any current flush timer.
+    self._clear_flush_timer_locked()
+
+    # Record this flush.
+    #
+    # We set the last flush time to now because even if we don't actually send
+    # data, we have responded to the flush edge.
+    flush_data, self._current_data = self._current_data, None
+    self._last_flush_time = now
+
+    # If the data hasn't changed since the last flush, then don't actually
+    # do anything.
+    if flush_data is None or flush_data == self._last_flush_data:

[martiniss, 2016/09/27 19:24:48]

This means that duplicate data entries get ignored, correct? How often is it the
case that we would end up trying to send the same data twice? I feel like it
wouldn't happen that much, but I could be wrong.

[dnj, 2016/09/27 23:13:58]

Probably not frequently, but no harm in checking.

+      return
+
+    self._last_flush_data = flush_data
+    self._fd.send(flush_data)
+
+  def _clear_flush_timer_locked(self):
+    if self._flush_timer is not None:
+      self._flush_timer.cancel()
+      self._flush_timer = None
+
+  def _set_flush_timer_locked(self, now):
+    if self._flush_timer is not None:
+      # Our flush timer is already running.
+      return False
+
+    if self._last_flush_time is None:
+      # We have never flushed before, so flush immediately.
+      return True
+
+    deadline = self._last_flush_time + self._flush_period
+    if deadline <= now:
+      # We're past our flush deadline, and should flush immediately.
+      return True
+
+    # Start our flush timer.
+    self._flush_timer = threading.Timer((deadline - now).total_seconds(),
+                                        self._flush_timer_expired)
+    self._flush_timer.daemon = True
+    self._flush_timer.start()
+
+  def _flush_timer_expired(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._flush_now_locked(datetime.datetime.now())
+
+
+class _AnnotationState(object):
+  """Manages an outer Milo annotation protobuf Step."""
+
+  Step = collections.namedtuple('Step', (
+      'msg', 'stream_name_base', 'substream_name_index'))
+
+  def __init__(self, base_step, stream_name_base):
+    self._base = self.Step(
+        msg=base_step,
+        stream_name_base=stream_name_base,
+        substream_name_index={})
+    self._check_snapshot = None
+
+    # The current step stack. This is built by updating state after new steps'
+    # nesting levels.
+    self._nest_stack = [self._base]
+
+    # Index initial properties.
+    self._properties = dict((p.name, p) for p in self._base.msg.property)
+
+  @classmethod
+  def create(cls, stream_name_base, env=None, properties=None):
+    base = pb.Step()
+    base.name = 'steps'
+    base.status = pb.PENDING
+    if env:
+      if env.argv:
+        base.command.command_line.extend(env.argv)
+      if env.cwd:
+        base.command.cwd = env.cwd
+      if env.environ:
+        base.command.environ.update(env.environ)
+    if properties:
+      for k, v in sorted(properties.iteritems()):
+        base.property.add(name=k, value=v)
+    return cls(base, stream_name_base)
+
+  @property
+  def base(self):
+    return self._base.msg
+
+  def check(self):
+    """Checks if the annotation state has been updated and, if so, returns it.
+
+    After check returns, the latest annotation state will be used as the current
+    snapshot for future checks.
+
+    Returns (str/None): A serialized binary Step protobuf if modified, None
+        otherwise.
+    """
+    if self._check_snapshot is None or self._check_snapshot != self.base:
+      self._check_snapshot = copy.deepcopy(self.base)
+      return self._check_snapshot.SerializeToString()
+    return None
+
+  def create_step(self, step_config):
+    # Identify our parent Step by examining the nesting level. The first step
+    # in the nest stack will always be the base (nesting level "-1", since it's
+    # the parent of level 0). Since the step's "nest_level" is one more than the
+    # parent, and we need to offset by 1 to reach the stack index, they cancel
+    # each other out, so the nest level is the same as the parent's stack index.
+    assert step_config.nest_level < len(self._nest_stack), (
+        'Invalid nest level %d (highest is %d)' % (
+            step_config.nest_level, len(self._nest_stack)-1))
+
+    # Clear any items in the nest stack that are deeper than the current
+    # element.
+    del(self._nest_stack[step_config.nest_level+1:])
+    parent = self._nest_stack[-1]
+
+    # Create a stream name for this step. Even though step names are unique,
+    # the normalized LogDog step name may overlap with a different step name.
+    # We keep track of the step names we've issued to this step space and
+    # add indexes if a conflict is identified.
+    stream_name_base = parent.stream_name_base.append('steps',
+                                                      step_config.base_name)
+    index = parent.substream_name_index.setdefault(str(stream_name_base), 0)
+    parent.substream_name_index[str(stream_name_base)] += 1
+    if index > 0:
+      stream_name_base += '_%d' % (index,)
+
+    # Create and populate our new step.
+    msg = parent.msg.substep.add().step
+    msg.name = step_config.base_name
+    msg.status = pb.PENDING
+    if step_config.cmd:
+      msg.command.command_line.extend(step_config.cmd)
+    if step_config.cwd:
+      msg.command.cwd = step_config.cwd
+    if step_config.env:
+      msg.command.environ = step_config.env
+
+    step = self.Step(
+        msg=msg,
+        stream_name_base=stream_name_base,
+        substream_name_index={})
+    self._nest_stack.append(step)
+    return step
+
+  def update_properties(self, **kwargs):
+    """Updates a set's property values to incorporate kwargs."""
+    for k, v in sorted(kwargs.iteritems()):
+      cur = self._properties.get(k)
+      if cur is None:
+        cur = self.base.property.add(name=k, value=str(v))
+        self._properties[k] = cur
+        continue
+
+      # A Property message already exists for this key, so update its value.
+      if cur.value != v:
+        cur.value = str(v)
+
+
+class _StreamName(object):
+  """An immutable validated wrapper for a LogDog stream name."""
+
+  def __init__(self, base):
+    if base is not None:
+      libs.logdog.streamname.validate_stream_name(base)
+    self._base = base
+
+  def append(self, *components):
+    """Returns (_StreamName): A new _StreamName instance with components added.
+
+    Each component in "components" will become a new normalized stream name
+    component. Conseqeuntly, any separators (/) in the components will be
+    replaced with underscores.
+
+    Args:
+      components: the path components to append to this _StreamName.
+    """
+    if len(components) == 0:
+      return self
+
+    components = [self._normalize(self._flatten(p))
+                  for p in reversed(components)]
+    if self._base:
+      components.append(self._base)
+    return type(self)('/'.join(reversed(components)))
+
+  def augment(self, val):
+    """Returns (_StreamName): A new _StreamName with "val" appended.
+
+    This generates a new, normalized _StreamName with the contents of "val"
+    appended to the end. For example:
+
+    Original:         "foo/bar"
+    Append "baz qux": "foo/barbaz_qux"
+    """
+    if not val:
+      return self
+    val = self._flatten(val)
+    if self._base:
+      val = self._base + val
+    return type(self)(self._normalize(val))
+
+  def __iadd__(self, val):
+    return self.augment(val)
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _flatten(v):
+    return v.replace('/', '_')
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _normalize(v):
+    return libs.logdog.streamname.normalize(v, prefix='s_')
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    if not self._base:
+      raise ValueError('Cannot generate string from empty StreamName.')
+    return self._base