Add American Fuzzy Lop (afl) to third_party/afl/

third_party/afl/src/docs/INSTALL

+=========================
+Installation instructions
+=========================
+
+  This document provides basic installation instructions and discusses known
+  issues for a variety of platforms. See README for the general instruction
+  manual.
+
+1) Linux on x86
+---------------
+
+This platform is expected to work well. Compile the program with:
+
+$ make
+
+You can start using the fuzzer without installation, but it is also possible to
+install it with:
+
+# make install
+
+There are no special dependencies to speak of; you will need GNU make and a
+working compiler (gcc or clang). Some of the optional scripts bundled with the
+program may depend on bash, gdb, and similar basic tools.
+
+If you are using clang, please review llvm_mode/README.llvm; the LLVM
+integration mode can offer substantial performance gains compared to the
+traditional approach.
+
+You may have to change several settings to get optimal results (most notably,
+disable crash reporting utilities and switch to a different CPU governor), but
+afl-fuzz will guide you through that if necessary.
+
+2) OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD on x86
+----------------------------------
+
+Similarly to Linux, these platforms are expected to work well and are
+regularly tested. Compile everything with GNU make:
+
+$ gmake
+
+Note that BSD make will *not* work; if you do not have gmake on your system,
+please install it first. As on Linux, you can use the fuzzer itself without
+installation, or install it with:
+
+# gmake install
+
+Keep in mind that if you are using csh as your shell, the syntax of some of the
+shell commands given in the README and other docs will be different.
+
+The llvm_mode requires a dynamically linked, fully-operational installation of
+clang. At least on FreeBSD, the clang binaries are static and do not include
+some of the essential tools, so if you want to make it work, you may need to
+follow the instructions in llvm_mode/README.llvm.
+
+Beyond that, everything should work as advertised.
+
+The QEMU mode is currently supported only on Linux. I think it's just a QEMU
+problem, I couldn't get a vanilla copy of user-mode emulation support working
+correctly on BSD at all.
+
+3) MacOS X on x86
+-----------------
+
+MacOS X should work, but there are some gotchas due to the idiosyncrasies of
+the platform. On top of this, I have limited release testing capabilities
+and depend mostly on user feedback.
+
+To build AFL, install Xcode and follow the general instructions for Linux.
+
+The Xcode 'gcc' tool is just a wrapper for clang, so be sure to use afl-clang
+to compile any instrumented binaries; afl-gcc will fail unless you have GCC
+installed from another source (in which case, please specify AFL_CC and
+AFL_CXX to point to the "real" GCC binaries).
+
+Only 64-bit compilation will work on the platform; porting the 32-bit
+instrumentation would require a fair amount of work due to the way OS X
+handles relocations, and today, virtually all MacOS X boxes are 64-bit.
+
+The crash reporting daemon that comes by default with MacOS X will cause
+problems with fuzzing. You need to turn it off by following the instructions
+provided here: http://goo.gl/CCcd5u
+
+The fork() semantics on OS X are a bit unusual compared to other unix systems
+and definitely don't look POSIX-compliant. This means two things:
+
+  - Fuzzing will be probably slower than on Linux. In fact, some folks report
+    considerable performance gains by running the jobs inside a Linux VM on
+    MacOS X.
+
+  - Some non-portable, platform-specific code may be incompatible with the
+    AFL forkserver. If you run into any problems, set AFL_NO_FORKSRV=1 in the
+    environment before starting afl-fuzz.
+
+User emulation mode of QEMU does not appear to be supported on MacOS X, so
+black-box instrumentation mode (-Q) will not work.
+
+The llvm_mode requires a fully-operational installation of clang. The one that
+comes with Xcode is missing some of the essential headers and helper tools.
+See llvm_mode/README.llvm for advice on how to build the compiler from scratch.
+
+4) Linux or *BSD on non-x86 systems
+-----------------------------------
+
+Standard build will fail on non-x86 systems, but you should be able to
+leverage two other options:
+
+  - The LLVM mode (see llvm_mode/README.llvm), which does not rely on
+    x86-specific assembly shims. It's fast and robust, but requires a
+    complete installation of clang.
+
+  - The QEMU mode (see qemu_mode/README.qemu), which can be also used for
+    fuzzing cross-platform binaries. It's slower and more fragile, but
+    can be used even when you don't have the source for the tested app.
+
+If you're not sure what you need, you need the LLVM mode. To get it, try:
+
+$ AFL_NO_X86=1 gmake && gmake -C llvm_mode
+
+...and compile your target program with afl-clang-fast or afl-clang-fast++
+instead of the traditional afl-gcc or afl-clang wrappers.
+
+5) Solaris on x86
+-----------------
+
+The fuzzer reportedly works on Solaris, but I have not tested this first-hand,
+and the user base is fairly small, so I don't have a lot of feedback.
+
+To get the ball rolling, you will need to use GNU make and GCC or clang. I'm
+being told that the stock version of GCC that comes with the platform does not
+work properly due to its reliance on a hardcoded location for 'as' (completely
+ignoring the -B parameter or $PATH).
+
+To fix this, you may want to build stock GCC from the source, like so:
+
+$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/gcc --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld \
+  --with-gmp-include=/usr/include/gmp --with-mpfr-include=/usr/include/mpfr
+$ make
+$ sudo make install
+
+Do *not* specify --with-as=/usr/gnu/bin/as - this will produce a GCC binary that
+ignores the -B flag and you will be back to square one.
+
+If you have system-wide crash reporting enabled, you may run into problems
+similar to the gotchas for Linux and MacOS X, but I have not verified this.
+More information about AppCrash can be found here:
+
+  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris10/app-crash-142906.html
+
+User emulation mode of QEMU is not available on Solaris, so black-box
+instrumentation mode (-Q) will not work.
+
+6) Everything else
+------------------
+
+You're on your own. On POSIX-compliant systems, you may be able to compile and
+run the fuzzer; and the LLVM mode may offer a way to instrument non-x86 code.
+
+The fuzzer will not run on Windows. It will also not work under Cygwin. It
+could be ported to the latter platform fairly easily, but it's a pretty bad
+idea, because Cygwin is extremely slow. It makes much more sense to use
+VirtualBox or so to run a hardware-accelerated Linux VM; it will run around
+20x faster or so. If you have a *really* compelling use case for Cygwin, let
+me know.
+
+Although Android on x86 should theoretically work, the stock kernel has SHM
+support compiled out, so you will need to address this issue first. It's
+possible that all you need is this:
+
+  https://github.com/pelya/android-shmem