Track thread activities in order to diagnose hangs.

base/debug/activity_tracker.h

+// Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Activity tracking provides a low-overhead method of collecting information
+// about the state of the application for analysis both while it is running
+// and after it has terminated unexpectedly. Its primary purpose is to help
+// locate reasons the browser becomes unresponsive by providing insight into
+// what all the various threads and processes are (or were) doing.
+
+#ifndef BASE_DEBUG_ACTIVITY_TRACKER_H_
+#define BASE_DEBUG_ACTIVITY_TRACKER_H_
+
+// std::atomic is undesired due to performance issues when used as global
+// variables. There are no such instances here. This module uses the
+// PersistentMemoryAllocator which also uses std::atomic and is written
+// by the same author.
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "base/base_export.h"
+#include "base/location.h"
+#include "base/metrics/persistent_memory_allocator.h"
+#include "base/threading/thread_checker.h"
+#include "base/threading/thread_local_storage.h"
+
+namespace base {
+
+struct PendingTask;
+
+class FilePath;
+class Lock;
+class MemoryMappedFile;
+class PlatformThreadHandle;
+class Process;
+class WaitableEvent;
+
+namespace debug {
+
+// This class manages tracking a stack of activities for a single thread in
+// a persistent manner, implementing a bounded-size stack in a fixed-size
+// memory allocation. In order to support an operational mode where another
+// thread is analyzing this data in real-time, atomic operations are used
+// where necessary to guarantee a consistent view from the outside.
+//
+// This class is not generally used directly but instead managed by the
+// GlobalActivityTracker instance and updated using Scoped*Activity local
+// objects.
+class BASE_EXPORT ThreadActivityTracker {
+ public:
+  enum : int {
+    // The maximum number of call-stack addresses stored per activity. This
+    // cannot be changed without also changing the version number of the
+    // structure. See kTypeIdActivityTracker in GlobalActivityTracker.
+    kActivityCallStackSize = 10
+  };
+
+  // The type of an activity on the stack. Activities are broken into
+  // categories with the category ID taking the top 4 bits and the lower
+  // bits representing an action within that category. This combination
+  // makes it easy to "switch" based on the type during analysis.
+  enum ActivityType : uint8_t {
+    // This "null" constant is used to indicate "do not change" in calls.
+    ACT_NULL = 0,
+
+    // Task activities involve callbacks posted to a thread or thread-pool
+    // using the PostTask() method or any of its friends.
+    ACT_TASK = 1 << 4,
+    ACT_TASK_RUN = ACT_TASK,
+
+    // Lock activities involve the acquisition of "mutex" locks.
+    ACT_LOCK = 2 << 4,
+    ACT_LOCK_ACQUIRE = ACT_LOCK,
+    ACT_LOCK_RELEASE,
+
+    // Event activities involve operations on a WaitableEvent.
+    ACT_EVENT = 3 << 4,
+    ACT_EVENT_WAIT = ACT_EVENT,
+    ACT_EVENT_SIGNAL,
+
+    // Thread activities involve the life management of threads.
+    ACT_THREAD = 4 << 4,
+    ACT_THREAD_START = ACT_THREAD,
+    ACT_THREAD_JOIN,
+
+    // Process activities involve the life management of processes.
+    ACT_PROCESS = 5 << 4,
+    ACT_PROCESS_START = ACT_PROCESS,
+    ACT_PROCESS_WAIT,
+
+    // Generic activities are user defined and can be anything.
+    ACT_GENERIC = 15 << 4,
+
+    // These constants can be used to separate the category and action from
+    // a combined activity type.
+    ACT_CATEGORY_MASK = 0xF << 4,
+    ACT_ACTION_MASK = 0xF
+  };
+
+  // The data associated with an activity is dependent upon the activity type.
+  // This union defines all of the various fields. All fields must be explicitly
+  // sized types to ensure no interoperability problems between 32-bit and
+  // 64-bit systems.
+  union ActivityData {
+    // Generic activities don't have any defined structure.
+    struct {
+      uint32_t id;   // An arbitrary identifier used for association.
+      int32_t info;  // An arbitrary value used for information purposes.
+    } generic;
+    struct {
+      uint64_t sequence_id;  // The sequence identifier of the posted task.
+    } task;
+    struct {
+      uint64_t lock_address;  // The memory address of the lock object.
+    } lock;
+    struct {
+      uint64_t event_address;  // The memory address of the event object.
+    } event;
+    struct {
+      int64_t thread_id;  // A unique identifier for a thread within a process.
+    } thread;
+    struct {
+      int64_t process_id;  // A unique identifier for a process.
+    } process;
+
+    // These methods create an ActivityData object from the appropriate
+    // parameters. Objects of this type should always be created this way to
+    // ensure that no fields remain unpopulated should the set of recorded
+    // fields change. They're defined inline where practical because they
+    // reduce to loading a small local structure with a few values, roughly
+    // the same as loading all those values into parameters.
+
+    static ActivityData ForGeneric(uint32_t id, int32_t info) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.generic.id = id;
+      data.generic.info = info;
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    static ActivityData ForTask(uint64_t sequence) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.task.sequence_id = sequence;
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    static ActivityData ForLock(const void* lock) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.lock.lock_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(lock);
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    static ActivityData ForEvent(const void* event) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.event.event_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(event);
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    static ActivityData ForThread(const PlatformThreadHandle& handle);
+    static ActivityData ForThread(const int64_t id) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.thread.thread_id = id;
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    static ActivityData ForProcess(const int64_t id) {
+      ActivityData data;
+      data.process.process_id = id;
+      return data;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // This structure is the full contents recorded for every activity pushed
+  // onto the stack. The |activity_type| indicates what is actually stored in
+  // the |data| field. All fields must be explicitly sized types to ensure no
+  // interoperability problems between 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
+  struct Activity {
+    // Internal representation of time. During collection, this is in "ticks"
+    // but when returned in a snapshot, it is "wall time".
+    int64_t time_internal;
+
+    // The address that is the origin of the activity if it not obvious from
+    // the call stack. This is useful for things like tasks that are posted
+    // from a completely different thread though most activities will leave
+    // it null.
+    uint64_t origin_address;
+
+    // Array of program-counters that make up the top of the call stack.
+    // Despite the fixed size, this list is always null-terminated. Entries
+    // after the terminator have no meaning and may or may not also be null.
+    // The list will be completely empty if call-stack collection is not
+    // enabled.
+    uint64_t call_stack[kActivityCallStackSize];
+
+    // The (enumerated) type of the activity. This defines what fields of the
+    // |data| record are valid.
+    uint8_t activity_type;
+
+    // Padding to ensure that the next member begins on a 64-bit boundary
+    // even on 32-bit builds which ensures inter-operability between CPU
+    // architectures. New fields can be taken from this space.
+    uint8_t padding[7];
+
+    // Information specific to the |activity_type|.
+    ActivityData data;
+  };
+
+  // This structure holds a copy of all the internal data at the moment the
+  // "snapshot" operation is done. It is disconnected from the live tracker
+  // so that continued operation of the thread will not cause changes here.
+  struct BASE_EXPORT ActivitySnapshot {
+    // Explicit constructor/destructor are needed because of complex types
+    // with non-trivial default constructors and destructors.
+    ActivitySnapshot();
+    ~ActivitySnapshot();
+
+    // The name of the thread as set when it was created. The name may be
+    // truncated due to internal length limitations.
+    std::string thread_name;
+
+    // The process and thread IDs. These values have no meaning other than
+    // they uniquely identify a running process and a running thread within
+    // that process.  Thread-IDs can be re-used across different processes
+    // and both can be re-used after the process/thread exits.
+    int64_t process_id = 0;
+    int64_t thread_id = 0;
+
+    // The current stack of activities that are underway for this thread. It
+    // is limited in its maximum size with later entries being left off.
+    std::vector<Activity> activity_stack;
+
+    // The current total depth of the activity stack, including those later
+    // entries not recorded in the |activity_stack| vector.
+    uint32_t activity_stack_depth = 0;
+  };
+
+  // This is the base class for having the compiler manage an activity on the
+  // tracker's stack. It does nothing but call methods on the passed |tracker|
+  // if it is not null, making it safe (and cheap) to create these objects
+  // even if activity tracking is not enabled.
+  class BASE_EXPORT ScopedActivity {
+   public:
+    ScopedActivity(ThreadActivityTracker* tracker,
+                   const void* origin,
+                   ActivityType type,
+                   const ActivityData& data)
+        : tracker_(tracker) {
+      if (tracker_)
+        tracker_->PushActivity(origin, type, data);
+    }
+
+    ~ScopedActivity() {
+      if (tracker_)
+        tracker_->PopActivity();
+    }
+
+    void ChangeTypeAndData(ActivityType type, const ActivityData& data) {
+      if (tracker_)
+        tracker_->ChangeActivity(type, data);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // The thread tracker to which this object reports. It can be null if
+    // activity tracking is not (yet) enabled.
+    ThreadActivityTracker* const tracker_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedActivity);
+  };
+
+  // A ThreadActivityTracker runs on top of memory that is managed externally.
+  // It must be large enough for the internal header and a few Activity
+  // blocks. See SizeForStackDepth().
+  ThreadActivityTracker(void* base, size_t size);
+  virtual ~ThreadActivityTracker();
+
+  // Indicates that an activity has started from a given |origin| address in
+  // the code, though it can be null if the creator's address is not known.
+  // The |type| and |data| describe the activity.
+  void PushActivity(const void* origin,
+                    ActivityType type,
+                    const ActivityData& data);
+
+  // Changes the activity |type| and |data| of the top-most entry on the stack.
+  // This is useful if the information has changed and it is desireable to
+  // track that change without creating a new stack entry. If the type is
+  // ACT_NULL or the data is kNullActivityData then that value will remain
+  // unchanged. The type, if changed, must remain in the same category.
+  // Changing both is not atomic so a snapshot operation could occur between
+  // the update of |type| and |data| or between update of |data| fields.
+  void ChangeActivity(ActivityType type, const ActivityData& data);
+
+  // Indicates that an activity has completed.
+  void PopActivity();
+
+  // Returns whether the current data is valid or not. It is not valid if
+  // corruption has been detected in the header or other data structures.
+  bool IsValid() const;
+
+  // Gets a copy of the tracker contents for analysis. Returns false if a
+  // snapshot was not possible, perhaps because the data is not valid; the
+  // contents of |output_snapshot| are undefined in that case. The current
+  // implementation does not support concurrent snapshot operations.
+  bool Snapshot(ActivitySnapshot* output_snapshot) const;
+
+  // Calculates the memory size required for a given stack depth, including
+  // the internal header structure for the stack.
+  static size_t SizeForStackDepth(int stack_depth);
+
+  // A "null" activity-data that can be passed to indicate "do not change".
+  static const ActivityData kNullActivityData;
+
+ private:
+  friend class ActivityTrackerTest;
+
+  // This structure contains all the common information about the thread so
+  // it doesn't have to be repeated in every entry on the stack. It is defined
+  // and used completely within the .cc file.
+  struct Header;
+
+  Header* const header_;        // Pointer to the Header structure.
+  Activity* const stack_;       // The stack of activities.
+  const uint32_t stack_slots_;  // The total number of stack slots.
+
+  bool valid_ = false;          // Tracks whether the data is valid or not.
+
+  base::ThreadChecker thread_checker_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ThreadActivityTracker);
+};
+
+
+// The global tracker manages all the individual thread trackers. Memory for
+// the thread trackers is taken from a PersistentMemoryAllocator which allows
+// for the data to be analyzed by a parallel process or even post-mortem.
+class BASE_EXPORT GlobalActivityTracker {
+ public:
+  // Type identifiers used when storing in persistent memory so they can be
+  // identified during extraction; the first 4 bytes of the SHA1 of the name
+  // is used as a unique integer. A "version number" is added to the base
+  // so that, if the structure of that object changes, stored older versions
+  // will be safely ignored. These are public so that an external process
+  // can recognize records of this type within an allocator.
+  enum : uint32_t {
+    kTypeIdActivityTracker     = 0x5D7381AF + 1,  // SHA1(ActivityTracker) v1
+    kTypeIdActivityTrackerFree = 0x3F0272FB + 1,  // SHA1(ActivityTrackerFree)
+  };
+
+  // This is a thin wrapper around the thread-tracker's ScopedActivity that
+  // accesses the global tracker to provide some of the information, notably
+  // which thread-tracker to use. It is safe to create even if activity
+  // tracking is not enabled.
+  class BASE_EXPORT ScopedThreadActivity
+      : public ThreadActivityTracker::ScopedActivity {
+   public:
+    ScopedThreadActivity(const void* origin,
+                         ThreadActivityTracker::ActivityType type,
+                         const ThreadActivityTracker::ActivityData& data,
+                         bool lock_allowed)
+        : ThreadActivityTracker::ScopedActivity(
+              GetOrCreateTracker(lock_allowed),
+              origin,
+              type,
+              data) {}
+
+   private:
+    // Gets (or creates) a tracker for the current thread. If locking is not
+    // allowed (because a lock is being tracked which would cause recursion)
+    // then the attempt to create one if none found will be skipped. Once
+    // the tracker for this thread has been created for other reasons, locks
+    // will be tracked. The thread-tracker uses locks.
+    static ThreadActivityTracker* GetOrCreateTracker(bool lock_allowed) {
+      GlobalActivityTracker* global_tracker = Get();
+      if (!global_tracker)
+        return nullptr;
+      if (lock_allowed)
+        return global_tracker->GetOrCreateTrackerForCurrentThread();
+      else
+        return global_tracker->GetTrackerForCurrentThread();
+    }
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedThreadActivity);
+  };
+
+  ~GlobalActivityTracker();
+
+  // Creates a global tracker using a given persistent-memory |allocator| and
+  // providing the given |stack_depth| to each thread tracker it manages. The
+  // created object is activated so tracking will begin immediately upon return.
+  static void CreateWithAllocator(
+      std::unique_ptr<PersistentMemoryAllocator> allocator,
+      int stack_depth);
+
+#if !defined(OS_NACL)
+  // Like above but internally creates an allocator around a disk file with
+  // the specified |size| at the given |file_path|. Any existing file will be
+  // overwritten. The |id| and |name| are arbitrary and stored in the allocator
+  // for reference by whatever process reads it.
+  static void CreateWithFile(const FilePath& file_path,
+                             size_t size,
+                             uint64_t id,
+                             StringPiece name,
+                             int stack_depth);
+#endif  // !defined(OS_NACL)
+
+  // Like above but internally creates an allocator using local heap memory of
+  // the specified size. This is used primarily for unit tests.
+  static void CreateWithLocalMemory(size_t size,
+                                    uint64_t id,
+                                    StringPiece name,
+                                    int stack_depth);
+
+  // Gets the global activity-tracker or null if none exists.
+  static GlobalActivityTracker* Get() { return g_tracker_; }
+
+  // Gets the persistent-memory-allocator in which data is stored. Callers
+  // can store additional records here to pass more information to the
+  // analysis process.
+  PersistentMemoryAllocator* allocator() { return allocator_.get(); }
+
+  // Gets the thread's activity-tracker if it exists. This is inline for
+  // performance reasons and it uses thread-local-storage (TLS) so that there
+  // is no significant lookup time required to find the one for the calling
+  // thread. Ownership remains with the global tracker.
+  ThreadActivityTracker* GetTrackerForCurrentThread() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<ThreadActivityTracker*>(this_thread_tracker_.Get());
+  }
+
+  // Gets the thread's activity-tracker or creates one if none exists. This
+  // is inline for performance reasons. Ownership remains with the global
+  // tracker.
+  ThreadActivityTracker* GetOrCreateTrackerForCurrentThread() {
+    ThreadActivityTracker* tracker = GetTrackerForCurrentThread();
+    if (tracker)
+      return tracker;
+    return CreateTrackerForCurrentThread();
+  }
+
+  // Creates an activity-tracker for the current thread.
+  ThreadActivityTracker* CreateTrackerForCurrentThread();
+
+  // Releases the activity-tracker for the current thread (for testing only).
+  void ReleaseTrackerForCurrentThreadForTesting();
+
+ private:
+  friend class ActivityTrackerTest;
+
+  enum : int {
+    // The maximum number of threads that can be tracked within a process. If
+    // more than this number run concurrently, tracking of new ones may cease.
+    kMaxThreadCount = 100,
+  };
+
+  // A thin wrapper around the main thread-tracker that keeps additional
+  // information that the global tracker needs to handle joined threads.
+  class ManagedActivityTracker : public ThreadActivityTracker {
+   public:
+    ManagedActivityTracker(PersistentMemoryAllocator::Reference mem_reference,
+                           void* base,
+                           size_t size);
+    ~ManagedActivityTracker() override;
+
+    // The reference into persistent memory from which the thread-tracker's
+    // memory was created.
+    const PersistentMemoryAllocator::Reference mem_reference_;
+
+    // The physical address used for the thread-tracker's memory.
+    void* const mem_base_;
+
+   private:
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ManagedActivityTracker);
+  };
+
+  // Creates a global tracker using a given persistent-memory |allocator| and
+  // providing the given |stack_depth| to each thread tracker it manages. The
+  // created object is activated so tracking has already started upon return.
+  GlobalActivityTracker(std::unique_ptr<PersistentMemoryAllocator> allocator,
+                        int stack_depth);
+
+  // Returns the memory used by an activity-tracker managed by this class.
+  // It is called during the destruction of a ManagedActivityTracker object.
+  void ReturnTrackerMemory(ManagedActivityTracker* tracker);
+
+  // Releases the activity-tracker associcated with thread. It is called
+  // automatically when a thread is joined and thus there is nothing more to
+  // be tracked. |value| is a pointer to a ManagedActivityTracker.
+  static void OnTLSDestroy(void* value);
+
+  // The persistent-memory allocator from which the memory for all trackers
+  // is taken.
+  std::unique_ptr<PersistentMemoryAllocator> allocator_;
+
+  // The size (in bytes) of memory required by a ThreadActivityTracker to
+  // provide the stack-depth requested during construction.
+  const size_t stack_memory_size_;
+
+  // The activity tracker for the currently executing thread.
+  base::ThreadLocalStorage::Slot this_thread_tracker_;
+
+  // These have to be lock-free because lock activity is tracked and causes
+  // re-entry problems.
+  std::atomic<int> thread_tracker_count_;
+  std::atomic<int> available_memories_count_;
+  std::atomic<PersistentMemoryAllocator::Reference>
+      available_memories_[kMaxThreadCount];
+
+  // The active global activity tracker.
+  static GlobalActivityTracker* g_tracker_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(GlobalActivityTracker);
+};
+
+
+// Record entry in to and out of an arbitrary block of code.
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  // Track activity at the specified FROM_HERE location for an arbitrary
+  // 4-bit |action|, an arbitrary 32-bit |id|, and 32-bits of arbitrary
+  // |info|. None of these values affect operation; they're all purely
+  // for association and analysis. To have unique identifiers across a
+  // diverse code-base, create the number by taking the first 8 characters
+  // of the hash of the activity being tracked.
+  //
+  // For example:
+  //   Tracking method: void MayNeverExit(uint32_t foo) {...}
+  //   echo -n "MayNeverExit" | sha1sum   =>   e44873ccab21e2b71270da24aa1...
+  //
+  //   void MayNeverExit(int32_t foo) {
+  //     base::debug::ScopedActivity track_me(FROM_HERE, 0, 0xE44873CC, foo);
+  //     ...
+  //   }
+  ScopedActivity(const tracked_objects::Location& location,
+                 uint8_t action,
+                 uint32_t id,
+                 int32_t info);
+
+  // Because this is inline, the FROM_HERE macro will resolve the current
+  // program-counter as the location in the calling code.
+  ScopedActivity() : ScopedActivity(FROM_HERE, 0, 0, 0) {}
+
+  // Changes the |action| and/or |info| of this activity on the stack. This
+  // is useful for tracking progress through a function, updating the action
+  // to indicate "milestones" in the block (max 16 milestones: 0-15) or the
+  // info to reflect other changes. Changing both is not atomic so a snapshot
+  // operation could occur between the update of |action| and |info|.
+  void ChangeAction(uint8_t action);
+  void ChangeInfo(int32_t info);
+  void ChangeActionAndInfo(uint8_t action, int32_t info);
+
+ private:
+  // A copy of the ID code so it doesn't have to be passed by the caller when
+  // changing the |info| field.
+  uint32_t id_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedActivity);
+};
+
+
+// These "scoped" classes provide easy tracking of various blocking actions.
+
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedTaskRunActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedTaskRunActivity(const base::PendingTask& task);
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedTaskRunActivity);
+};
+
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedLockAcquireActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedLockAcquireActivity(const base::internal::LockImpl* lock);
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedLockAcquireActivity);
+};
+
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedEventWaitActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedEventWaitActivity(const base::WaitableEvent* event);
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedEventWaitActivity);
+};
+
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedThreadJoinActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedThreadJoinActivity(const base::PlatformThreadHandle* thread);
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedThreadJoinActivity);
+};
+
+// Some systems don't have base::Process
+#if !defined(OS_NACL) && !defined(OS_IOS)
+class BASE_EXPORT ScopedProcessWaitActivity
+    : public GlobalActivityTracker::ScopedThreadActivity {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedProcessWaitActivity(const base::Process* process);
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedProcessWaitActivity);
+};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace debug
+}  // namespace base
+
+#endif  // BASE_DEBUG_ACTIVITY_TRACKER_H_