Update libusb 1.0.9 to libusbx 1.0.16

third_party/libusb/src/examples/xusb.c

+/*
+ * xusb: Generic USB test program
+ * Copyright © 2009-2012 Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
+ * Contributions to Mass Storage by Alan Stern.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "libusb.h"
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define msleep(msecs) Sleep(msecs)
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define msleep(msecs) usleep(1000*msecs)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(bool)
+#define bool int
+#endif
+#if !defined(true)
+#define true (1 == 1)
+#endif
+#if !defined(false)
+#define false (!true)
+#endif
+
+// Future versions of libusbx will use usb_interface instead of interface
+// in libusb_config_descriptor => catter for that
+#define usb_interface interface
+
+// Global variables
+bool binary_dump = false;
+bool extra_info = false;
+const char* binary_name = NULL;
+
+static int perr(char const *format, ...)
+{
+        va_list args;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start (args, format);
+        r = vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
+        va_end(args);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+#define ERR_EXIT(errcode) do { perr("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)errcode)); return -1; } while (0)
+#define CALL_CHECK(fcall) do { r=fcall; if (r < 0) ERR_EXIT(r); } while (0);
+#define B(x) (((x)!=0)?1:0)
+#define be_to_int32(buf) (((buf)[0]<<24)|((buf)[1]<<16)|((buf)[2]<<8)|(buf)[3])
+
+#define RETRY_MAX                     5
+#define REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH          0x12
+#define INQUIRY_LENGTH                0x24
+#define READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH          0x08
+
+// HID Class-Specific Requests values. See section 7.2 of the HID specifications
+#define HID_GET_REPORT                0x01
+#define HID_GET_IDLE                  0x02
+#define HID_GET_PROTOCOL              0x03
+#define HID_SET_REPORT                0x09
+#define HID_SET_IDLE                  0x0A
+#define HID_SET_PROTOCOL              0x0B
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT         0x01
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT        0x02
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE       0x03
+
+// Mass Storage Requests values. See section 3 of the Bulk-Only Mass Storage Class specifications
+#define BOMS_RESET                    0xFF
+#define BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN              0xFE
+
+// Section 5.1: Command Block Wrapper (CBW)
+struct command_block_wrapper {
+        uint8_t dCBWSignature[4];
+        uint32_t dCBWTag;
+        uint32_t dCBWDataTransferLength;
+        uint8_t bmCBWFlags;
+        uint8_t bCBWLUN;
+        uint8_t bCBWCBLength;
+        uint8_t CBWCB[16];
+};
+
+// Section 5.2: Command Status Wrapper (CSW)
+struct command_status_wrapper {
+        uint8_t dCSWSignature[4];
+        uint32_t dCSWTag;
+        uint32_t dCSWDataResidue;
+        uint8_t bCSWStatus;
+};
+
+static uint8_t cdb_length[256] = {
+//       0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
+        06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  0
+        06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  1
+        10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  2
+        10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  3
+        10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  4
+        10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  5
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  6
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  7
+        16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  8
+        16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  9
+        12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  A
+        12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  B
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  C
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  D
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  E
+        00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  F
+};
+
+enum test_type {
+        USE_GENERIC,
+        USE_PS3,
+        USE_XBOX,
+        USE_SCSI,
+        USE_HID,
+} test_mode;
+uint16_t VID, PID;
+
+static void display_buffer_hex(unsigned char *buffer, unsigned size)
+{
+        unsigned i, j, k;
+
+        for (i=0; i<size; i+=16) {
+                printf("\n  %08x  ", i);
+                for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
+                        if (i+j < size) {
+                                printf("%02x", buffer[i+j]);
+                        } else {
+                                printf("  ");
+                        }
+                        printf(" ");
+                }
+                printf(" ");
+                for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
+                        if (i+j < size) {
+                                if ((buffer[i+j] < 32) || (buffer[i+j] > 126)) {
+                                        printf(".");
+                                } else {
+                                        printf("%c", buffer[i+j]);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        printf("\n" );
+}
+
+static char* uuid_to_string(const uint8_t* uuid)
+{
+        static char uuid_string[40];
+        if (uuid == NULL) return NULL;
+        sprintf(uuid_string, "{%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
+                uuid[0], uuid[1], uuid[2], uuid[3], uuid[4], uuid[5], uuid[6], uuid[7],
+                uuid[8], uuid[9], uuid[10], uuid[11], uuid[12], uuid[13], uuid[14], uuid[15]);
+        return uuid_string;
+}
+
+// The PS3 Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
+// removed by Sony
+static int display_ps3_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
+{
+        int r;
+        uint8_t input_report[49];
+        uint8_t master_bt_address[8];
+        uint8_t device_bt_address[18];
+
+        // Get the controller's bluetooth address of its master device
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f5, 0, master_bt_address, sizeof(master_bt_address), 100));
+        printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", master_bt_address[2], master_bt_address[3],
+                master_bt_address[4], master_bt_address[5], master_bt_address[6], master_bt_address[7]);
+
+        // Get the controller's bluetooth address
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f2, 0, device_bt_address, sizeof(device_bt_address), 100));
+        printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", device_bt_address[4], device_bt_address[5],
+                device_bt_address[6], device_bt_address[7], device_bt_address[8], device_bt_address[9]);
+
+        // Get the status of the controller's buttons via its HID report
+        printf("\nReading PS3 Input Report...\n");
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x01, 0, input_report, sizeof(input_report), 1000));
+        switch(input_report[2]){        /** Direction pad plus start, select, and joystick buttons */
+                case 0x01:
+                        printf("\tSELECT pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x02:
+                        printf("\tLEFT 3 pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x04:
+                        printf("\tRIGHT 3 pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x08:
+                        printf("\tSTART presed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x10:
+                        printf("\tUP pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x20:
+                        printf("\tRIGHT pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x40:
+                        printf("\tDOWN pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x80:
+                        printf("\tLEFT pressed\n");
+                        break;
+        }
+        switch(input_report[3]){        /** Shapes plus top right and left buttons */
+                case 0x01:
+                        printf("\tLEFT 2 pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x02:
+                        printf("\tRIGHT 2 pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x04:
+                        printf("\tLEFT 1 pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x08:
+                        printf("\tRIGHT 1 presed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x10:
+                        printf("\tTRIANGLE pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x20:
+                        printf("\tCIRCLE pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x40:
+                        printf("\tCROSS pressed\n");
+                        break;
+                case 0x80:
+                        printf("\tSQUARE pressed\n");
+                        break;
+        }
+        printf("\tPS button: %d\n", input_report[4]);
+        printf("\tLeft Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[6], input_report[7]);
+        printf("\tRight Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[8], input_report[9]);
+        printf("\tL2 Value: %d\tR2 Value: %d\n", input_report[18], input_report[19]);
+        printf("\tL1 Value: %d\tR1 Value: %d\n", input_report[20], input_report[21]);
+        printf("\tRoll (x axis): %d Yaw (y axis): %d Pitch (z axis) %d\n",
+                        //(((input_report[42] + 128) % 256) - 128),
+                        (int8_t)(input_report[42]),
+                        (int8_t)(input_report[44]),
+                        (int8_t)(input_report[46]));
+        printf("\tAcceleration: %d\n\n", (int8_t)(input_report[48]));
+        return 0;
+}
+// The XBOX Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
+// removed by Microsoft.
+// Input/Output reports described at http://euc.jp/periphs/xbox-controller.ja.html
+static int display_xbox_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
+{
+        int r;
+        uint8_t input_report[20];
+        printf("\nReading XBox Input Report...\n");
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, input_report, 20, 1000));
+        printf("   D-pad: %02X\n", input_report[2]&0x0F);
+        printf("   Start:%d, Back:%d, Left Stick Press:%d, Right Stick Press:%d\n", B(input_report[2]&0x10), B(input_report[2]&0x20),
+                B(input_report[2]&0x40), B(input_report[2]&0x80));
+        // A, B, X, Y, Black, White are pressure sensitive
+        printf("   A:%d, B:%d, X:%d, Y:%d, White:%d, Black:%d\n", input_report[4], input_report[5],
+                input_report[6], input_report[7], input_report[9], input_report[8]);
+        printf("   Left Trigger: %d, Right Trigger: %d\n", input_report[10], input_report[11]);
+        printf("   Left Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[13]<<8)|input_report[12]),
+                (int16_t)((input_report[15]<<8)|input_report[14]));
+        printf("   Right Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[17]<<8)|input_report[16]),
+                (int16_t)((input_report[19]<<8)|input_report[18]));
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_xbox_actuators(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t left, uint8_t right)
+{
+        int r;
+        uint8_t output_report[6];
+
+        printf("\nWriting XBox Controller Output Report...\n");
+
+        memset(output_report, 0, sizeof(output_report));
+        output_report[1] = sizeof(output_report);
+        output_report[3] = left;
+        output_report[5] = right;
+
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                HID_SET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, output_report, 06, 1000));
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int send_mass_storage_command(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint8_t lun,
+        uint8_t *cdb, uint8_t direction, int data_length, uint32_t *ret_tag)
+{
+        static uint32_t tag = 1;
+        uint8_t cdb_len;
+        int i, r, size;
+        struct command_block_wrapper cbw;
+
+        if (cdb == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
+                perr("send_mass_storage_command: cannot send command on IN endpoint\n");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        cdb_len = cdb_length[cdb[0]];
+        if ((cdb_len == 0) || (cdb_len > sizeof(cbw.CBWCB))) {
+                perr("send_mass_storage_command: don't know how to handle this command (%02X, length %d)\n",
+                        cdb[0], cdb_len);
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        memset(&cbw, 0, sizeof(cbw));
+        cbw.dCBWSignature[0] = 'U';
+        cbw.dCBWSignature[1] = 'S';
+        cbw.dCBWSignature[2] = 'B';
+        cbw.dCBWSignature[3] = 'C';
+        *ret_tag = tag;
+        cbw.dCBWTag = tag++;
+        cbw.dCBWDataTransferLength = data_length;
+        cbw.bmCBWFlags = direction;
+        cbw.bCBWLUN = lun;
+        // Subclass is 1 or 6 => cdb_len
+        cbw.bCBWCBLength = cdb_len;
+        memcpy(cbw.CBWCB, cdb, cdb_len);
+
+        i = 0;
+        do {
+                // The transfer length must always be exactly 31 bytes.
+                r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&cbw, 31, &size, 1000);
+                if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
+                        libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
+                }
+                i++;
+        } while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
+        if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+                perr("   send_mass_storage_command: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        printf("   sent %d CDB bytes\n", cdb_len);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_mass_storage_status(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint32_t expected_tag)
+{
+        int i, r, size;
+        struct command_status_wrapper csw;
+
+        // The device is allowed to STALL this transfer. If it does, you have to
+        // clear the stall and try again.
+        i = 0;
+        do {
+                r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&csw, 13, &size, 1000);
+                if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
+                        libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
+                }
+                i++;
+        } while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
+        if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+                perr("   get_mass_storage_status: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                return -1;
+        }
+        if (size != 13) {
+                perr("   get_mass_storage_status: received %d bytes (expected 13)\n", size);
+                return -1;
+        }
+        if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag) {
+                perr("   get_mass_storage_status: mismatched tags (expected %08X, received %08X)\n",
+                        expected_tag, csw.dCSWTag);
+                return -1;
+        }
+        // For this test, we ignore the dCSWSignature check for validity...
+        printf("   Mass Storage Status: %02X (%s)\n", csw.bCSWStatus, csw.bCSWStatus?"FAILED":"Success");
+        if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag)
+                return -1;
+        if (csw.bCSWStatus) {
+                // REQUEST SENSE is appropriate only if bCSWStatus is 1, meaning that the
+                // command failed somehow.  Larger values (2 in particular) mean that
+                // the command couldn't be understood.
+                if (csw.bCSWStatus == 1)
+                        return -2;      // request Get Sense
+                else
+                        return -1;
+        }
+
+        // In theory we also should check dCSWDataResidue.  But lots of devices
+        // set it wrongly.
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_sense(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
+{
+        uint8_t cdb[16];        // SCSI Command Descriptor Block
+        uint8_t sense[18];
+        uint32_t expected_tag;
+        int size;
+
+        // Request Sense
+        printf("Request Sense:\n");
+        memset(sense, 0, sizeof(sense));
+        memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+        cdb[0] = 0x03;  // Request Sense
+        cdb[4] = REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH;
+
+        send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, 0, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+        libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&sense, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &size, 1000);
+        printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+
+        if ((sense[0] != 0x70) && (sense[0] != 0x71)) {
+                perr("   ERROR No sense data\n");
+        } else {
+                perr("   ERROR Sense: %02X %02X %02X\n", sense[2]&0x0F, sense[12], sense[13]);
+        }
+        // Strictly speaking, the get_mass_storage_status() call should come
+        // before these perr() lines.  If the status is nonzero then we must
+        // assume there's no data in the buffer.  For xusb it doesn't matter.
+        get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag);
+}
+
+// Mass Storage device to test bulk transfers (non destructive test)
+static int test_mass_storage(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
+{
+        int r, size;
+        uint8_t lun;
+        uint32_t expected_tag;
+        uint32_t i, max_lba, block_size;
+        double device_size;
+        uint8_t cdb[16];        // SCSI Command Descriptor Block
+        uint8_t buffer[64];
+        char vid[9], pid[9], rev[5];
+        unsigned char *data;
+        FILE *fd;
+
+        printf("Reading Max LUN:\n");
+        r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN, 0, 0, &lun, 1, 1000);
+        // Some devices send a STALL instead of the actual value.
+        // In such cases we should set lun to 0.
+        if (r == 0) {
+                lun = 0;
+        } else if (r < 0) {
+                perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+        }
+        printf("   Max LUN = %d\n", lun);
+
+        // Send Inquiry
+        printf("Sending Inquiry:\n");
+        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+        memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+        cdb[0] = 0x12;  // Inquiry
+        cdb[4] = INQUIRY_LENGTH;
+
+        send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
+        printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+        // The following strings are not zero terminated
+        for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
+                vid[i] = buffer[8+i];
+                pid[i] = buffer[16+i];
+                rev[i/2] = buffer[32+i/2];      // instead of another loop
+        }
+        vid[8] = 0;
+        pid[8] = 0;
+        rev[4] = 0;
+        printf("   VID:PID:REV \"%8s\":\"%8s\":\"%4s\"\n", vid, pid, rev);
+        if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+                get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+        }
+
+        // Read capacity
+        printf("Reading Capacity:\n");
+        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+        memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+        cdb[0] = 0x25;  // Read Capacity
+
+        send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
+        printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+        max_lba = be_to_int32(&buffer[0]);
+        block_size = be_to_int32(&buffer[4]);
+        device_size = ((double)(max_lba+1))*block_size/(1024*1024*1024);
+        printf("   Max LBA: %08X, Block Size: %08X (%.2f GB)\n", max_lba, block_size, device_size);
+        if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+                get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+        }
+
+        data = (unsigned char*) calloc(1, block_size);
+        if (data == NULL) {
+                perr("   unable to allocate data buffer\n");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Send Read
+        printf("Attempting to read %d bytes:\n", block_size);
+        memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+
+        cdb[0] = 0x28;  // Read(10)
+        cdb[8] = 0x01;  // 1 block
+
+        send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, block_size, &expected_tag);
+        libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, data, block_size, &size, 5000);
+        printf("   READ: received %d bytes\n", size);
+        if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+                get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+        } else {
+                display_buffer_hex(data, size);
+                if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
+                        if (fwrite(data, 1, (size_t)size, fd) != (unsigned int)size) {
+                                perr("   unable to write binary data\n");
+                        }
+                        fclose(fd);
+                }
+        }
+        free(data);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+// HID
+static int get_hid_record_size(uint8_t *hid_report_descriptor, int size, int type)
+{
+        uint8_t i, j = 0;
+        uint8_t offset;
+        int record_size[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+        int nb_bits = 0, nb_items = 0;
+        bool found_record_marker;
+
+        found_record_marker = false;
+        for (i = hid_report_descriptor[0]+1; i < size; i += offset) {
+                offset = (hid_report_descriptor[i]&0x03) + 1;
+                if (offset == 4)
+                        offset = 5;
+                switch (hid_report_descriptor[i] & 0xFC) {
+                case 0x74:      // bitsize
+                        nb_bits = hid_report_descriptor[i+1];
+                        break;
+                case 0x94:      // count
+                        nb_items = 0;
+                        for (j=1; j<offset; j++) {
+                                nb_items = ((uint32_t)hid_report_descriptor[i+j]) << (8*(j-1));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                case 0x80:      // input
+                        found_record_marker = true;
+                        j = 0;
+                        break;
+                case 0x90:      // output
+                        found_record_marker = true;
+                        j = 1;
+                        break;
+                case 0xb0:      // feature
+                        found_record_marker = true;
+                        j = 2;
+                        break;
+                case 0xC0:      // end of collection
+                        nb_items = 0;
+                        nb_bits = 0;
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (found_record_marker) {
+                        found_record_marker = false;
+                        record_size[j] += nb_items*nb_bits;
+                }
+        }
+        if ((type < HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT) || (type > HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE)) {
+                return 0;
+        } else {
+                return (record_size[type - HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT]+7)/8;
+        }
+}
+
+static int test_hid(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in)
+{
+        int r, size, descriptor_size;
+        uint8_t hid_report_descriptor[256];
+        uint8_t *report_buffer;
+        FILE *fd;
+
+        printf("\nReading HID Report Descriptors:\n");
+        descriptor_size = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, LIBUSB_DT_REPORT<<8, 0, hid_report_descriptor, sizeof(hid_report_descriptor), 1000);
+        if (descriptor_size < 0) {
+                printf("   Failed\n");
+                return -1;
+        }
+        display_buffer_hex(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size);
+        if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
+                if (fwrite(hid_report_descriptor, 1, descriptor_size, fd) != descriptor_size) {
+                        printf("   Error writing descriptor to file\n");
+                }
+                fclose(fd);
+        }
+
+        size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE);
+        if (size <= 0) {
+                printf("\nSkipping Feature Report readout (None detected)\n");
+        } else {
+                report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
+                if (report_buffer == NULL) {
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+                printf("\nReading Feature Report (length %d)...\n", size);
+                r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                        HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE<<8)|0, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+                } else {
+                        switch(r) {
+                        case LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:
+                                printf("   No Feature Report available for this device\n");
+                                break;
+                        case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
+                                printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
+                                libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
+                                break;
+                        default:
+                                printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+                free(report_buffer);
+        }
+
+        size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT);
+        if (size <= 0) {
+                printf("\nSkipping Input Report readout (None detected)\n");
+        } else {
+                report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
+                if (report_buffer == NULL) {
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+                printf("\nReading Input Report (length %d)...\n", size);
+                r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                        HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+                } else {
+                        switch(r) {
+                        case LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
+                                printf("   Timeout! Please make sure you act on the device within the 5 seconds allocated...\n");
+                                break;
+                        case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
+                                printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
+                                libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
+                                break;
+                        default:
+                                printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                // Attempt a bulk read from endpoint 0 (this should just return a raw input report)
+                printf("\nTesting interrupt read using endpoint %02X...\n", endpoint_in);
+                r = libusb_interrupt_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, report_buffer, size, &size, 5000);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+                } else {
+                        printf("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                }
+
+                free(report_buffer);
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+// Read the MS WinUSB Feature Descriptors, that are used on Windows 8 for automated driver installation
+static void read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t bRequest, int iface_number)
+{
+#define MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH 256
+        int i, r;
+        uint8_t os_desc[MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH];
+        uint32_t length;
+        void* le_type_punning_IS_fine;
+        struct {
+                const char* desc;
+                uint8_t recipient;
+                uint16_t index;
+                uint16_t header_size;
+        } os_fd[2] = {
+                {"Extended Compat ID", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE, 0x0004, 0x10},
+                {"Extended Properties", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE, 0x0005, 0x0A}
+        };
+
+        if (iface_number < 0) return;
+
+        for (i=0; i<2; i++) {
+                printf("\nReading %s OS Feature Descriptor (wIndex = 0x%04d):\n", os_fd[i].desc, os_fd[i].index);
+
+                // Read the header part
+                r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
+                        bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, os_fd[i].header_size, 1000);
+                if (r < os_fd[i].header_size) {
+                        perr("   Failed: %s", (r<0)?libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r):"header size is too small");
+                        return;
+                }
+                le_type_punning_IS_fine = (void*)os_desc;
+                length = *((uint32_t*)le_type_punning_IS_fine);
+                if (length > MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH) {
+                        length = MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH;
+                }
+
+                // Read the full feature descriptor
+                r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
+                        bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, (uint16_t)length, 1000);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                        return;
+                } else {
+                        display_buffer_hex(os_desc, r);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static void print_device_cap(struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap)
+{
+        switch(dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType) {
+        case LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION: {
+                struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor *usb_2_0_ext = NULL;
+                libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &usb_2_0_ext);
+                if (usb_2_0_ext) {
+                        printf("    USB 2.0 extension:\n");
+                        printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", usb_2_0_ext->bmAttributes);
+                        libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(usb_2_0_ext);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        case LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY: {
+                struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor *ss_usb_device_cap = NULL;
+                libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &ss_usb_device_cap);
+                if (ss_usb_device_cap) {
+                        printf("    USB 3.0 capabilities:\n");
+                        printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bmAttributes);
+                        printf("      supported speeds       : %04X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->wSpeedSupported);
+                        printf("      supported functionality: %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bFunctionalitySupport);
+                        libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(ss_usb_device_cap);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        case LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID: {
+                struct libusb_container_id_descriptor *container_id = NULL;
+                libusb_get_container_id_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &container_id);
+                if (container_id) {
+                        printf("    Container ID:\n      %s\n", uuid_to_string(container_id->ContainerID));
+                        libusb_free_container_id_descriptor(container_id);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        default:
+                printf("    Unknown BOS device capability %02x:\n", dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType);
+        }       
+}
+
+static int test_device(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid)
+{
+        libusb_device_handle *handle;
+        libusb_device *dev;
+        uint8_t bus, port_path[8];
+        struct libusb_bos_descriptor *bos_desc;
+        struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
+        const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
+        int i, j, k, r;
+        int iface, nb_ifaces, first_iface = -1;
+        struct libusb_device_descriptor dev_desc;
+        const char* speed_name[5] = { "Unknown", "1.5 Mbit/s (USB LowSpeed)", "12 Mbit/s (USB FullSpeed)",
+                "480 Mbit/s (USB HighSpeed)", "5000 Mbit/s (USB SuperSpeed)"};
+        char string[128];
+        uint8_t string_index[3];        // indexes of the string descriptors
+        uint8_t endpoint_in = 0, endpoint_out = 0;      // default IN and OUT endpoints
+
+        printf("Opening device %04X:%04X...\n", vid, pid);
+        handle = libusb_open_device_with_vid_pid(NULL, vid, pid);
+
+        if (handle == NULL) {
+                perr("  Failed.\n");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        dev = libusb_get_device(handle);
+        bus = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
+        if (extra_info) {
+                r = libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_path, sizeof(port_path));
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        printf("\nDevice properties:\n");
+                        printf("        bus number: %d\n", bus);
+                        printf("         port path: %d", port_path[0]);
+                        for (i=1; i<r; i++) {
+                                printf("->%d", port_path[i]);
+                        }
+                        printf(" (from root hub)\n");
+                }
+                r = libusb_get_device_speed(dev);
+                if ((r<0) || (r>4)) r=0;
+                printf("             speed: %s\n", speed_name[r]);
+        }
+
+        printf("\nReading device descriptor:\n");
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &dev_desc));
+        printf("            length: %d\n", dev_desc.bLength);
+        printf("      device class: %d\n", dev_desc.bDeviceClass);
+        printf("               S/N: %d\n", dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
+        printf("           VID:PID: %04X:%04X\n", dev_desc.idVendor, dev_desc.idProduct);
+        printf("         bcdDevice: %04X\n", dev_desc.bcdDevice);
+        printf("   iMan:iProd:iSer: %d:%d:%d\n", dev_desc.iManufacturer, dev_desc.iProduct, dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
+        printf("          nb confs: %d\n", dev_desc.bNumConfigurations);
+        // Copy the string descriptors for easier parsing
+        string_index[0] = dev_desc.iManufacturer;
+        string_index[1] = dev_desc.iProduct;
+        string_index[2] = dev_desc.iSerialNumber;
+
+        printf("\nReading BOS descriptor: ");
+        if (libusb_get_bos_descriptor(handle, &bos_desc) == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+                printf("%d caps\n", bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps);
+                for (i = 0; i < bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps; i++)
+                        print_device_cap(bos_desc->dev_capability[i]);
+                libusb_free_bos_descriptor(bos_desc);
+        } else {
+                printf("no descriptor\n");
+        }
+
+        printf("\nReading first configuration descriptor:\n");
+        CALL_CHECK(libusb_get_config_descriptor(dev, 0, &conf_desc));
+        nb_ifaces = conf_desc->bNumInterfaces;
+        printf("             nb interfaces: %d\n", nb_ifaces);
+        if (nb_ifaces > 0)
+                first_iface = conf_desc->usb_interface[0].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber;
+        for (i=0; i<nb_ifaces; i++) {
+                printf("              interface[%d]: id = %d\n", i,
+                        conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber);
+                for (j=0; j<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].num_altsetting; j++) {
+                        printf("interface[%d].altsetting[%d]: num endpoints = %d\n",
+                                i, j, conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints);
+                        printf("   Class.SubClass.Protocol: %02X.%02X.%02X\n",
+                                conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass,
+                                conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass,
+                                conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol);
+                        if ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass == LIBUSB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE)
+                          && ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x01)
+                          || (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x06) )
+                          && (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol == 0x50) ) {
+                                // Mass storage devices that can use basic SCSI commands
+                                test_mode = USE_SCSI;
+                        }
+                        for (k=0; k<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints; k++) {
+                                struct libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor *ep_comp = NULL;
+                                endpoint = &conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].endpoint[k];
+                                printf("       endpoint[%d].address: %02X\n", k, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
+                                // Use the first interrupt or bulk IN/OUT endpoints as default for testing
+                                if ((endpoint->bmAttributes & LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_MASK) & (LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK | LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT)) {
+                                        if (endpoint->bEndpointAddress & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
+                                                if (!endpoint_in)
+                                                        endpoint_in = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
+                                        } else {
+                                                if (!endpoint_out)
+                                                        endpoint_out = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                printf("           max packet size: %04X\n", endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
+                                printf("          polling interval: %02X\n", endpoint->bInterval);
+                                libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(NULL, endpoint, &ep_comp);
+                                if (ep_comp) {
+                                        printf("                 max burst: %02X   (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->bMaxBurst);
+                                        printf("        bytes per interval: %04X (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->wBytesPerInterval);
+                                        libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(ep_comp);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
+
+        libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver(handle, 1);
+        for (iface = 0; iface < nb_ifaces; iface++)
+        {
+                printf("\nClaiming interface %d...\n", iface);
+                r = libusb_claim_interface(handle, iface);
+                if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+                        perr("   Failed.\n");
+                }
+        }
+
+        printf("\nReading string descriptors:\n");
+        for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
+                if (string_index[i] == 0) {
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(handle, string_index[i], (unsigned char*)string, 128) >= 0) {
+                        printf("   String (0x%02X): \"%s\"\n", string_index[i], string);
+                }
+        }
+        // Read the OS String Descriptor
+        if (libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(handle, 0xEE, (unsigned char*)string, 128) >= 0) {
+                printf("   String (0x%02X): \"%s\"\n", 0xEE, string);
+                // If this is a Microsoft OS String Descriptor,
+                // attempt to read the WinUSB extended Feature Descriptors
+                if (strncmp(string, "MSFT100", 7) == 0)
+                        read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(handle, string[7], first_iface);
+        }
+
+        switch(test_mode) {
+        case USE_PS3:
+                CALL_CHECK(display_ps3_status(handle));
+                break;
+        case USE_XBOX:
+                CALL_CHECK(display_xbox_status(handle));
+                CALL_CHECK(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 128, 222));
+                msleep(2000);
+                CALL_CHECK(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 0, 0));
+                break;
+        case USE_HID:
+                test_hid(handle, endpoint_in);
+                break;
+        case USE_SCSI:
+                CALL_CHECK(test_mass_storage(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out));
+        case USE_GENERIC:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        printf("\n");
+        for (iface = 0; iface<nb_ifaces; iface++) {
+                printf("Releasing interface %d...\n", iface);
+                libusb_release_interface(handle, iface);
+        }
+
+        printf("Closing device...\n");
+        libusb_close(handle);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+        bool show_help = false;
+        bool debug_mode = false;
+        const struct libusb_version* version;
+        int j, r;
+        size_t i, arglen;
+        unsigned tmp_vid, tmp_pid;
+        uint16_t endian_test = 0xBE00;
+        char* error_lang = NULL;
+
+        // Default to generic, expecting VID:PID
+        VID = 0;
+        PID = 0;
+        test_mode = USE_GENERIC;
+
+        if (((uint8_t*)&endian_test)[0] == 0xBE) {
+                printf("Despite their natural superiority for end users, big endian\n"
+                        "CPUs are not supported with this program, sorry.\n");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (argc >= 2) {
+                for (j = 1; j<argc; j++) {
+                        arglen = strlen(argv[j]);
+                        if ( ((argv[j][0] == '-') || (argv[j][0] == '/'))
+                          && (arglen >= 2) ) {
+                                switch(argv[j][1]) {
+                                case 'd':
+                                        debug_mode = true;
+                                        break;
+                                case 'i':
+                                        extra_info = true;
+                                        break;
+                                case 'b':
+                                        if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
+                                                printf("   Option -b requires a file name\n");
+                                                return 1;
+                                        }
+                                        binary_name = argv[++j];
+                                        binary_dump = true;
+                                        break;
+                                case 'l':
+                                        if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
+                                                printf("   Option -l requires an ISO 639-1 language parameter\n");
+                                                return 1;
+                                        }
+                                        error_lang = argv[++j];
+                                        break;
+                                case 'j':
+                                        // OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINY JTAG, 2 channel composite device - 2 interfaces
+                                        if (!VID && !PID) {
+                                                VID = 0x15BA;
+                                                PID = 0x0004;
+                                        }
+                                        break;
+                                case 'k':
+                                        // Generic 2 GB USB Key (SCSI Transparent/Bulk Only) - 1 interface
+                                        if (!VID && !PID) {
+                                                VID = 0x0204;
+                                                PID = 0x6025;
+                                        }
+                                        break;
+                                // The following tests will force VID:PID if already provided
+                                case 'p':
+                                        // Sony PS3 Controller - 1 interface
+                                        VID = 0x054C;
+                                        PID = 0x0268;
+                                        test_mode = USE_PS3;
+                                        break;
+                                case 's':
+                                        // Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro Joystick - 1 HID interface
+                                        VID = 0x045E;
+                                        PID = 0x0008;
+                                        test_mode = USE_HID;
+                                        break;
+                                case 'x':
+                                        // Microsoft XBox Controller Type S - 1 interface
+                                        VID = 0x045E;
+                                        PID = 0x0289;
+                                        test_mode = USE_XBOX;
+                                        break;
+                                default:
+                                        show_help = true;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        } else {
+                                for (i=0; i<arglen; i++) {
+                                        if (argv[j][i] == ':')
+                                                break;
+                                }
+                                if (i != arglen) {
+                                        if (sscanf(argv[j], "%x:%x" , &tmp_vid, &tmp_pid) != 2) {
+                                                printf("   Please specify VID & PID as \"vid:pid\" in hexadecimal format\n");
+                                                return 1;
+                                        }
+                                        VID = (uint16_t)tmp_vid;
+                                        PID = (uint16_t)tmp_pid;
+                                } else {
+                                        show_help = true;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ((show_help) || (argc == 1) || (argc > 7)) {
+                printf("usage: %s [-h] [-d] [-i] [-k] [-b file] [-l lang] [-j] [-x] [-s] [-p] [vid:pid]\n", argv[0]);
+                printf("   -h      : display usage\n");
+                printf("   -d      : enable debug output\n");
+                printf("   -i      : print topology and speed info\n");
+                printf("   -j      : test composite FTDI based JTAG device\n");
+                printf("   -k      : test Mass Storage device\n");
+                printf("   -b file : dump Mass Storage data to file 'file'\n");
+                printf("   -p      : test Sony PS3 SixAxis controller\n");
+                printf("   -s      : test Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro (HID)\n");
+                printf("   -x      : test Microsoft XBox Controller Type S\n");
+                printf("   -l lang : language to report errors in (ISO 639-1)\n");
+                printf("If only the vid:pid is provided, xusb attempts to run the most appropriate test\n");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        version = libusb_get_version();
+        printf("Using libusbx v%d.%d.%d.%d\n\n", version->major, version->minor, version->micro, version->nano);
+        r = libusb_init(NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        libusb_set_debug(NULL, debug_mode?LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG:LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
+        if (error_lang != NULL) {
+                r = libusb_setlocale(error_lang);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        printf("Invalid or unsupported locale '%s': %s\n", error_lang, libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+        }
+
+        test_device(VID, PID);
+
+        libusb_exit(NULL);
+
+        return 0;
+}