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1 libjpeg-turbo note: This file has been modified by The libjpeg-turbo Project | |
2 to include only information relevant to libjpeg-turbo, to wordsmith certain | |
3 sections, and to remove impolitic language that existed in the libjpeg v8 | |
4 README. It is included only for reference. Please see README-turbo.txt for | |
5 information specific to libjpeg-turbo. | |
6 | |
7 | |
8 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software | |
9 ========================================== | |
10 | |
11 This distribution contains a release of the Independent JPEG Group's free JPEG | |
12 software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and to use it for any | |
13 purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below. | |
14 | |
15 This software is the work of Tom Lane, Guido Vollbeding, Philip Gladstone, | |
16 Bill Allombert, Jim Boucher, Lee Crocker, Bob Friesenhahn, Ben Jackson, | |
17 Julian Minguillon, Luis Ortiz, George Phillips, Davide Rossi, Ge' Weijers, | |
18 and other members of the Independent JPEG Group. | |
19 | |
20 IJG is not affiliated with the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee | |
21 (also known as JPEG, together with ITU-T SG16). | |
22 | |
23 | |
24 DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP | |
25 ===================== | |
26 | |
27 This file contains the following sections: | |
28 | |
29 OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software. | |
30 LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution. | |
31 REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG. | |
32 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software. | |
33 FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get. | |
34 TO DO Plans for future IJG releases. | |
35 | |
36 Other documentation files in the distribution are: | |
37 | |
38 User documentation: | |
39 install.txt How to configure and install the IJG software. | |
40 usage.txt Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran, | |
41 rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom. | |
42 *.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.txt). | |
43 wizard.txt Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only. | |
44 change.log Version-to-version change highlights. | |
45 Programmer and internal documentation: | |
46 libjpeg.txt How to use the JPEG library in your own programs. | |
47 example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library. | |
48 structure.txt Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure. | |
49 coderules.txt Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code. | |
50 | |
51 Please read at least the files install.txt and usage.txt. Some information | |
52 can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See | |
53 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article. | |
54 | |
55 If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or | |
56 more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly | |
57 the order listed) before diving into the code. | |
58 | |
59 | |
60 OVERVIEW | |
61 ======== | |
62 | |
63 This package contains C software to implement JPEG image encoding, decoding, | |
64 and transcoding. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression | |
65 method for full-color and gray-scale images. JPEG's strong suit is compressing | |
66 photographic images or other types of images that have smooth color and | |
67 brightness transitions between neighboring pixels. Images with sharp lines or | |
68 other abrupt features may not compress well with JPEG, and a higher JPEG | |
69 quality may have to be used to avoid visible compression artifacts with such | |
70 images. | |
71 | |
72 JPEG is lossy, meaning that the output pixels are not necessarily identical to | |
73 the input pixels. However, on photographic content and other "smooth" images, | |
74 very good compression ratios can be obtained with no visible compression | |
75 artifacts, and extremely high compression ratios are possible if you are | |
76 willing to sacrifice image quality (by reducing the "quality" setting in the | |
77 compressor.) | |
78 | |
79 This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive | |
80 compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these | |
81 processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet. | |
82 We have made no provision for supporting the hierarchical or lossless | |
83 processes defined in the standard. | |
84 | |
85 We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files, | |
86 plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to | |
87 perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats. | |
88 The library is intended to be reused in other applications. | |
89 | |
90 In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included | |
91 considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability; | |
92 for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG | |
93 decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or | |
94 colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the | |
95 library if not required for a particular application. | |
96 | |
97 We have also included "jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between | |
98 different JPEG processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple | |
99 applications for inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files. | |
100 | |
101 The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and | |
102 flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular, | |
103 the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the | |
104 REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to | |
105 be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have | |
106 achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it. | |
107 | |
108 We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products. | |
109 No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product | |
110 documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES. | |
111 | |
112 | |
113 LEGAL ISSUES | |
114 ============ | |
115 | |
116 In plain English: | |
117 | |
118 1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs, | |
119 please let us know!) | |
120 2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us. | |
121 3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a | |
122 program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that | |
123 you've used the IJG code. | |
124 | |
125 In legalese: | |
126 | |
127 The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied, | |
128 with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or | |
129 fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you, | |
130 its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy. | |
131 | |
132 This software is copyright (C) 1991-2012, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding. | |
133 All Rights Reserved except as specified below. | |
134 | |
135 Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this | |
136 software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these | |
137 conditions: | |
138 (1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this | |
139 README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice | |
140 unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files | |
141 must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation. | |
142 (2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying | |
143 documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of | |
144 the Independent JPEG Group". | |
145 (3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts | |
146 full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept | |
147 NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind. | |
148 | |
149 These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code, | |
150 not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to | |
151 acknowledge us. | |
152 | |
153 Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name | |
154 in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from | |
155 it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's | |
156 software". | |
157 | |
158 We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of | |
159 commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are | |
160 assumed by the product vendor. | |
161 | |
162 | |
163 The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf. | |
164 It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable. | |
165 The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub, | |
166 ltmain.sh). Another support script, install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium | |
167 but is also freely distributable. | |
168 | |
169 The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files. | |
170 To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has | |
171 been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce | |
172 "uncompressed GIFs". This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the | |
173 resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard | |
174 GIF decoders. | |
175 | |
176 We are required to state that | |
177 "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of | |
178 CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of | |
179 CompuServe Incorporated." | |
180 | |
181 | |
182 REFERENCES | |
183 ========== | |
184 | |
185 We recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to | |
186 understand the innards of the JPEG software. | |
187 | |
188 The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is | |
189 Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard", | |
190 Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44. | |
191 (Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression, | |
192 applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue | |
193 handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article is | |
194 available at http://www.ijg.org/files/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually | |
195 a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics) | |
196 omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections | |
197 and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and IEEE, | |
198 and it may not be used for commercial purposes. | |
199 | |
200 A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in | |
201 "The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, published by | |
202 M&T Books (New York), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book provides | |
203 good explanations and example C code for a multitude of compression methods | |
204 including JPEG. It is an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C | |
205 code but don't know much about data compression in general. The book's JPEG | |
206 sample code is far from industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look | |
207 at a full implementation, you've got one here... | |
208 | |
209 The best currently available description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still | |
210 Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. | |
211 Mitchell, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. | |
212 Price US$59.95, 638 pp. The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG | |
213 standards (DIS 10918-1 and draft DIS 10918-2). | |
214 | |
215 The original JPEG standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the actual | |
216 specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1 is | |
217 titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images, | |
218 Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS | |
219 10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of | |
220 Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document | |
221 numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83. | |
222 | |
223 The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file | |
224 format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision | |
225 1.02. JFIF 1.02 has been adopted as an Ecma International Technical Report | |
226 and thus received a formal publication status. It is available as a free | |
227 download in PDF format from | |
228 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/E-TR-098.htm. | |
229 A PostScript version of the JFIF document is available at | |
230 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.ps.gz. There is also a plain text version at | |
231 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.txt.gz, but it is missing the figures. | |
232 | |
233 The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from | |
234 ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The JPEG incorporation scheme | |
235 found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems. | |
236 IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6). | |
237 Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2 | |
238 (Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from | |
239 http://www.ijg.org/files/. It is expected that the next revision | |
240 of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design. | |
241 Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library | |
242 uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. | |
243 | |
244 | |
245 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS | |
246 ================= | |
247 | |
248 The "official" archive site for this software is www.ijg.org. | |
249 The most recent released version can always be found there in | |
250 directory "files". This particular version will be archived as | |
251 http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v8d.tar.gz, and in Windows-compatible | |
252 "zip" archive format as http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsr8d.zip. | |
253 | |
254 The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a source of some | |
255 general information about JPEG. | |
256 It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/ | |
257 and other news.answers archive sites, including the official news.answers | |
258 archive at rtfm.mit.edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/. | |
259 If you don't have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu | |
260 with body | |
261 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1 | |
262 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2 | |
263 | |
264 | |
265 FILE FORMAT WARS | |
266 ================ | |
267 | |
268 The ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee (also known as JPEG, together | |
269 with ITU-T SG16) currently promotes different formats containing the name | |
270 "JPEG" which are incompatible with original DCT-based JPEG. IJG therefore does | |
271 not support these formats (see REFERENCES). Indeed, one of the original | |
272 reasons for developing this free software was to help force convergence on | |
273 common, interoperable format standards for JPEG files. | |
274 Don't use an incompatible file format! | |
275 (In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading existing JPEG | |
276 image files indefinitely.) | |
277 | |
278 | |
279 TO DO | |
280 ===== | |
281 | |
282 Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@jpegclub.org. | |
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