| OLD | NEW |
| (Empty) |
| 1 libjpeg-turbo note: This file has been modified by The libjpeg-turbo Project | |
| 2 to include only information relevant to libjpeg-turbo, to wordsmith certain | |
| 3 sections, and to remove impolitic language that existed in the libjpeg v8 | |
| 4 README. It is included only for reference. Please see README-turbo.txt for | |
| 5 information specific to libjpeg-turbo. | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software | |
| 9 ========================================== | |
| 10 | |
| 11 This distribution contains a release of the Independent JPEG Group's free JPEG | |
| 12 software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and to use it for any | |
| 13 purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below. | |
| 14 | |
| 15 This software is the work of Tom Lane, Guido Vollbeding, Philip Gladstone, | |
| 16 Bill Allombert, Jim Boucher, Lee Crocker, Bob Friesenhahn, Ben Jackson, | |
| 17 Julian Minguillon, Luis Ortiz, George Phillips, Davide Rossi, Ge' Weijers, | |
| 18 and other members of the Independent JPEG Group. | |
| 19 | |
| 20 IJG is not affiliated with the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee | |
| 21 (also known as JPEG, together with ITU-T SG16). | |
| 22 | |
| 23 | |
| 24 DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP | |
| 25 ===================== | |
| 26 | |
| 27 This file contains the following sections: | |
| 28 | |
| 29 OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software. | |
| 30 LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution. | |
| 31 REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG. | |
| 32 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software. | |
| 33 FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get. | |
| 34 TO DO Plans for future IJG releases. | |
| 35 | |
| 36 Other documentation files in the distribution are: | |
| 37 | |
| 38 User documentation: | |
| 39 install.txt How to configure and install the IJG software. | |
| 40 usage.txt Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran, | |
| 41 rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom. | |
| 42 *.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.txt). | |
| 43 wizard.txt Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only. | |
| 44 change.log Version-to-version change highlights. | |
| 45 Programmer and internal documentation: | |
| 46 libjpeg.txt How to use the JPEG library in your own programs. | |
| 47 example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library. | |
| 48 structure.txt Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure. | |
| 49 coderules.txt Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code. | |
| 50 | |
| 51 Please read at least the files install.txt and usage.txt. Some information | |
| 52 can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See | |
| 53 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article. | |
| 54 | |
| 55 If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or | |
| 56 more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly | |
| 57 the order listed) before diving into the code. | |
| 58 | |
| 59 | |
| 60 OVERVIEW | |
| 61 ======== | |
| 62 | |
| 63 This package contains C software to implement JPEG image encoding, decoding, | |
| 64 and transcoding. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression | |
| 65 method for full-color and gray-scale images. JPEG's strong suit is compressing | |
| 66 photographic images or other types of images that have smooth color and | |
| 67 brightness transitions between neighboring pixels. Images with sharp lines or | |
| 68 other abrupt features may not compress well with JPEG, and a higher JPEG | |
| 69 quality may have to be used to avoid visible compression artifacts with such | |
| 70 images. | |
| 71 | |
| 72 JPEG is lossy, meaning that the output pixels are not necessarily identical to | |
| 73 the input pixels. However, on photographic content and other "smooth" images, | |
| 74 very good compression ratios can be obtained with no visible compression | |
| 75 artifacts, and extremely high compression ratios are possible if you are | |
| 76 willing to sacrifice image quality (by reducing the "quality" setting in the | |
| 77 compressor.) | |
| 78 | |
| 79 This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive | |
| 80 compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these | |
| 81 processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet. | |
| 82 We have made no provision for supporting the hierarchical or lossless | |
| 83 processes defined in the standard. | |
| 84 | |
| 85 We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files, | |
| 86 plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to | |
| 87 perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats. | |
| 88 The library is intended to be reused in other applications. | |
| 89 | |
| 90 In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included | |
| 91 considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability; | |
| 92 for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG | |
| 93 decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or | |
| 94 colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the | |
| 95 library if not required for a particular application. | |
| 96 | |
| 97 We have also included "jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between | |
| 98 different JPEG processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple | |
| 99 applications for inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files. | |
| 100 | |
| 101 The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and | |
| 102 flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular, | |
| 103 the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the | |
| 104 REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to | |
| 105 be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have | |
| 106 achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it. | |
| 107 | |
| 108 We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products. | |
| 109 No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product | |
| 110 documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES. | |
| 111 | |
| 112 | |
| 113 LEGAL ISSUES | |
| 114 ============ | |
| 115 | |
| 116 In plain English: | |
| 117 | |
| 118 1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs, | |
| 119 please let us know!) | |
| 120 2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us. | |
| 121 3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a | |
| 122 program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that | |
| 123 you've used the IJG code. | |
| 124 | |
| 125 In legalese: | |
| 126 | |
| 127 The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied, | |
| 128 with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or | |
| 129 fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you, | |
| 130 its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy. | |
| 131 | |
| 132 This software is copyright (C) 1991-2012, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding. | |
| 133 All Rights Reserved except as specified below. | |
| 134 | |
| 135 Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this | |
| 136 software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these | |
| 137 conditions: | |
| 138 (1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this | |
| 139 README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice | |
| 140 unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files | |
| 141 must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation. | |
| 142 (2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying | |
| 143 documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of | |
| 144 the Independent JPEG Group". | |
| 145 (3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts | |
| 146 full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept | |
| 147 NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind. | |
| 148 | |
| 149 These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code, | |
| 150 not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to | |
| 151 acknowledge us. | |
| 152 | |
| 153 Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name | |
| 154 in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from | |
| 155 it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's | |
| 156 software". | |
| 157 | |
| 158 We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of | |
| 159 commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are | |
| 160 assumed by the product vendor. | |
| 161 | |
| 162 | |
| 163 The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf. | |
| 164 It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable. | |
| 165 The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub, | |
| 166 ltmain.sh). Another support script, install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium | |
| 167 but is also freely distributable. | |
| 168 | |
| 169 The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files. | |
| 170 To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has | |
| 171 been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce | |
| 172 "uncompressed GIFs". This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the | |
| 173 resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard | |
| 174 GIF decoders. | |
| 175 | |
| 176 We are required to state that | |
| 177 "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of | |
| 178 CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of | |
| 179 CompuServe Incorporated." | |
| 180 | |
| 181 | |
| 182 REFERENCES | |
| 183 ========== | |
| 184 | |
| 185 We recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to | |
| 186 understand the innards of the JPEG software. | |
| 187 | |
| 188 The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is | |
| 189 Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard", | |
| 190 Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44. | |
| 191 (Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression, | |
| 192 applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue | |
| 193 handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article is | |
| 194 available at http://www.ijg.org/files/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually | |
| 195 a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics) | |
| 196 omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections | |
| 197 and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and IEEE, | |
| 198 and it may not be used for commercial purposes. | |
| 199 | |
| 200 A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in | |
| 201 "The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, published by | |
| 202 M&T Books (New York), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book provides | |
| 203 good explanations and example C code for a multitude of compression methods | |
| 204 including JPEG. It is an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C | |
| 205 code but don't know much about data compression in general. The book's JPEG | |
| 206 sample code is far from industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look | |
| 207 at a full implementation, you've got one here... | |
| 208 | |
| 209 The best currently available description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still | |
| 210 Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. | |
| 211 Mitchell, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. | |
| 212 Price US$59.95, 638 pp. The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG | |
| 213 standards (DIS 10918-1 and draft DIS 10918-2). | |
| 214 | |
| 215 The original JPEG standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the actual | |
| 216 specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1 is | |
| 217 titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images, | |
| 218 Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS | |
| 219 10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of | |
| 220 Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document | |
| 221 numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83. | |
| 222 | |
| 223 The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file | |
| 224 format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision | |
| 225 1.02. JFIF 1.02 has been adopted as an Ecma International Technical Report | |
| 226 and thus received a formal publication status. It is available as a free | |
| 227 download in PDF format from | |
| 228 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/E-TR-098.htm. | |
| 229 A PostScript version of the JFIF document is available at | |
| 230 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.ps.gz. There is also a plain text version at | |
| 231 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.txt.gz, but it is missing the figures. | |
| 232 | |
| 233 The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from | |
| 234 ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The JPEG incorporation scheme | |
| 235 found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems. | |
| 236 IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6). | |
| 237 Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2 | |
| 238 (Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from | |
| 239 http://www.ijg.org/files/. It is expected that the next revision | |
| 240 of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design. | |
| 241 Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library | |
| 242 uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. | |
| 243 | |
| 244 | |
| 245 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS | |
| 246 ================= | |
| 247 | |
| 248 The "official" archive site for this software is www.ijg.org. | |
| 249 The most recent released version can always be found there in | |
| 250 directory "files". This particular version will be archived as | |
| 251 http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v8d.tar.gz, and in Windows-compatible | |
| 252 "zip" archive format as http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsr8d.zip. | |
| 253 | |
| 254 The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a source of some | |
| 255 general information about JPEG. | |
| 256 It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/ | |
| 257 and other news.answers archive sites, including the official news.answers | |
| 258 archive at rtfm.mit.edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/. | |
| 259 If you don't have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu | |
| 260 with body | |
| 261 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1 | |
| 262 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2 | |
| 263 | |
| 264 | |
| 265 FILE FORMAT WARS | |
| 266 ================ | |
| 267 | |
| 268 The ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee (also known as JPEG, together | |
| 269 with ITU-T SG16) currently promotes different formats containing the name | |
| 270 "JPEG" which are incompatible with original DCT-based JPEG. IJG therefore does | |
| 271 not support these formats (see REFERENCES). Indeed, one of the original | |
| 272 reasons for developing this free software was to help force convergence on | |
| 273 common, interoperable format standards for JPEG files. | |
| 274 Don't use an incompatible file format! | |
| 275 (In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading existing JPEG | |
| 276 image files indefinitely.) | |
| 277 | |
| 278 | |
| 279 TO DO | |
| 280 ===== | |
| 281 | |
| 282 Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@jpegclub.org. | |
| OLD | NEW |