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|
| +USING THE IJG JPEG LIBRARY
|
| +
|
| +This file was part of the Independent JPEG Group's software:
|
| +Copyright (C) 1994-2013, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.
|
| +libjpeg-turbo Modifications:
|
| +Copyright (C) 2010, 2014-2016, D. R. Commander.
|
| +Copyright (C) 2015, Google, Inc.
|
| +For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README.ijg file.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +This file describes how to use the IJG JPEG library within an application
|
| +program. Read it if you want to write a program that uses the library.
|
| +
|
| +The file example.c provides heavily commented skeleton code for calling the
|
| +JPEG library. Also see jpeglib.h (the include file to be used by application
|
| +programs) for full details about data structures and function parameter lists.
|
| +The library source code, of course, is the ultimate reference.
|
| +
|
| +Note that there have been *major* changes from the application interface
|
| +presented by IJG version 4 and earlier versions. The old design had several
|
| +inherent limitations, and it had accumulated a lot of cruft as we added
|
| +features while trying to minimize application-interface changes. We have
|
| +sacrificed backward compatibility in the version 5 rewrite, but we think the
|
| +improvements justify this.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
| +-----------------
|
| +
|
| +Overview:
|
| + Functions provided by the library
|
| + Outline of typical usage
|
| +Basic library usage:
|
| + Data formats
|
| + Compression details
|
| + Decompression details
|
| + Mechanics of usage: include files, linking, etc
|
| +Advanced features:
|
| + Compression parameter selection
|
| + Decompression parameter selection
|
| + Special color spaces
|
| + Error handling
|
| + Compressed data handling (source and destination managers)
|
| + I/O suspension
|
| + Progressive JPEG support
|
| + Buffered-image mode
|
| + Abbreviated datastreams and multiple images
|
| + Special markers
|
| + Raw (downsampled) image data
|
| + Really raw data: DCT coefficients
|
| + Progress monitoring
|
| + Memory management
|
| + Memory usage
|
| + Library compile-time options
|
| + Portability considerations
|
| +
|
| +You should read at least the overview and basic usage sections before trying
|
| +to program with the library. The sections on advanced features can be read
|
| +if and when you need them.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +OVERVIEW
|
| +========
|
| +
|
| +Functions provided by the library
|
| +---------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +The IJG JPEG library provides C code to read and write JPEG-compressed image
|
| +files. The surrounding application program receives or supplies image data a
|
| +scanline at a time, using a straightforward uncompressed image format. All
|
| +details of color conversion and other preprocessing/postprocessing can be
|
| +handled by the library.
|
| +
|
| +The library includes a substantial amount of code that is not covered by the
|
| +JPEG standard but is necessary for typical applications of JPEG. These
|
| +functions preprocess the image before JPEG compression or postprocess it after
|
| +decompression. They include colorspace conversion, downsampling/upsampling,
|
| +and color quantization. The application indirectly selects use of this code
|
| +by specifying the format in which it wishes to supply or receive image data.
|
| +For example, if colormapped output is requested, then the decompression
|
| +library automatically invokes color quantization.
|
| +
|
| +A wide range of quality vs. speed tradeoffs are possible in JPEG processing,
|
| +and even more so in decompression postprocessing. The decompression library
|
| +provides multiple implementations that cover most of the useful tradeoffs,
|
| +ranging from very-high-quality down to fast-preview operation. On the
|
| +compression side we have generally not provided low-quality choices, since
|
| +compression is normally less time-critical. It should be understood that the
|
| +low-quality modes may not meet the JPEG standard's accuracy requirements;
|
| +nonetheless, they are useful for viewers.
|
| +
|
| +A word about functions *not* provided by the library. We handle a subset of
|
| +the ISO JPEG standard; most baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive
|
| +JPEG processes are supported. (Our subset includes all features now in common
|
| +use.) Unsupported ISO options include:
|
| + * Hierarchical storage
|
| + * Lossless JPEG
|
| + * DNL marker
|
| + * Nonintegral subsampling ratios
|
| +We support both 8- and 12-bit data precision, but this is a compile-time
|
| +choice rather than a run-time choice; hence it is difficult to use both
|
| +precisions in a single application.
|
| +
|
| +By itself, the library handles only interchange JPEG datastreams --- in
|
| +particular the widely used JFIF file format. The library can be used by
|
| +surrounding code to process interchange or abbreviated JPEG datastreams that
|
| +are embedded in more complex file formats. (For example, this library is
|
| +used by the free LIBTIFF library to support JPEG compression in TIFF.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Outline of typical usage
|
| +------------------------
|
| +
|
| +The rough outline of a JPEG compression operation is:
|
| +
|
| + Allocate and initialize a JPEG compression object
|
| + Specify the destination for the compressed data (eg, a file)
|
| + Set parameters for compression, including image size & colorspace
|
| + jpeg_start_compress(...);
|
| + while (scan lines remain to be written)
|
| + jpeg_write_scanlines(...);
|
| + jpeg_finish_compress(...);
|
| + Release the JPEG compression object
|
| +
|
| +A JPEG compression object holds parameters and working state for the JPEG
|
| +library. We make creation/destruction of the object separate from starting
|
| +or finishing compression of an image; the same object can be re-used for a
|
| +series of image compression operations. This makes it easy to re-use the
|
| +same parameter settings for a sequence of images. Re-use of a JPEG object
|
| +also has important implications for processing abbreviated JPEG datastreams,
|
| +as discussed later.
|
| +
|
| +The image data to be compressed is supplied to jpeg_write_scanlines() from
|
| +in-memory buffers. If the application is doing file-to-file compression,
|
| +reading image data from the source file is the application's responsibility.
|
| +The library emits compressed data by calling a "data destination manager",
|
| +which typically will write the data into a file; but the application can
|
| +provide its own destination manager to do something else.
|
| +
|
| +Similarly, the rough outline of a JPEG decompression operation is:
|
| +
|
| + Allocate and initialize a JPEG decompression object
|
| + Specify the source of the compressed data (eg, a file)
|
| + Call jpeg_read_header() to obtain image info
|
| + Set parameters for decompression
|
| + jpeg_start_decompress(...);
|
| + while (scan lines remain to be read)
|
| + jpeg_read_scanlines(...);
|
| + jpeg_finish_decompress(...);
|
| + Release the JPEG decompression object
|
| +
|
| +This is comparable to the compression outline except that reading the
|
| +datastream header is a separate step. This is helpful because information
|
| +about the image's size, colorspace, etc is available when the application
|
| +selects decompression parameters. For example, the application can choose an
|
| +output scaling ratio that will fit the image into the available screen size.
|
| +
|
| +The decompression library obtains compressed data by calling a data source
|
| +manager, which typically will read the data from a file; but other behaviors
|
| +can be obtained with a custom source manager. Decompressed data is delivered
|
| +into in-memory buffers passed to jpeg_read_scanlines().
|
| +
|
| +It is possible to abort an incomplete compression or decompression operation
|
| +by calling jpeg_abort(); or, if you do not need to retain the JPEG object,
|
| +simply release it by calling jpeg_destroy().
|
| +
|
| +JPEG compression and decompression objects are two separate struct types.
|
| +However, they share some common fields, and certain routines such as
|
| +jpeg_destroy() can work on either type of object.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library has no static variables: all state is in the compression
|
| +or decompression object. Therefore it is possible to process multiple
|
| +compression and decompression operations concurrently, using multiple JPEG
|
| +objects.
|
| +
|
| +Both compression and decompression can be done in an incremental memory-to-
|
| +memory fashion, if suitable source/destination managers are used. See the
|
| +section on "I/O suspension" for more details.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +BASIC LIBRARY USAGE
|
| +===================
|
| +
|
| +Data formats
|
| +------------
|
| +
|
| +Before diving into procedural details, it is helpful to understand the
|
| +image data format that the JPEG library expects or returns.
|
| +
|
| +The standard input image format is a rectangular array of pixels, with each
|
| +pixel having the same number of "component" or "sample" values (color
|
| +channels). You must specify how many components there are and the colorspace
|
| +interpretation of the components. Most applications will use RGB data
|
| +(three components per pixel) or grayscale data (one component per pixel).
|
| +PLEASE NOTE THAT RGB DATA IS THREE SAMPLES PER PIXEL, GRAYSCALE ONLY ONE.
|
| +A remarkable number of people manage to miss this, only to find that their
|
| +programs don't work with grayscale JPEG files.
|
| +
|
| +There is no provision for colormapped input. JPEG files are always full-color
|
| +or full grayscale (or sometimes another colorspace such as CMYK). You can
|
| +feed in a colormapped image by expanding it to full-color format. However
|
| +JPEG often doesn't work very well with source data that has been colormapped,
|
| +because of dithering noise. This is discussed in more detail in the JPEG FAQ
|
| +and the other references mentioned in the README.ijg file.
|
| +
|
| +Pixels are stored by scanlines, with each scanline running from left to
|
| +right. The component values for each pixel are adjacent in the row; for
|
| +example, R,G,B,R,G,B,R,G,B,... for 24-bit RGB color. Each scanline is an
|
| +array of data type JSAMPLE --- which is typically "unsigned char", unless
|
| +you've changed jmorecfg.h. (You can also change the RGB pixel layout, say
|
| +to B,G,R order, by modifying jmorecfg.h. But see the restrictions listed in
|
| +that file before doing so.)
|
| +
|
| +A 2-D array of pixels is formed by making a list of pointers to the starts of
|
| +scanlines; so the scanlines need not be physically adjacent in memory. Even
|
| +if you process just one scanline at a time, you must make a one-element
|
| +pointer array to conform to this structure. Pointers to JSAMPLE rows are of
|
| +type JSAMPROW, and the pointer to the pointer array is of type JSAMPARRAY.
|
| +
|
| +The library accepts or supplies one or more complete scanlines per call.
|
| +It is not possible to process part of a row at a time. Scanlines are always
|
| +processed top-to-bottom. You can process an entire image in one call if you
|
| +have it all in memory, but usually it's simplest to process one scanline at
|
| +a time.
|
| +
|
| +For best results, source data values should have the precision specified by
|
| +BITS_IN_JSAMPLE (normally 8 bits). For instance, if you choose to compress
|
| +data that's only 6 bits/channel, you should left-justify each value in a
|
| +byte before passing it to the compressor. If you need to compress data
|
| +that has more than 8 bits/channel, compile with BITS_IN_JSAMPLE = 12.
|
| +(See "Library compile-time options", later.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +The data format returned by the decompressor is the same in all details,
|
| +except that colormapped output is supported. (Again, a JPEG file is never
|
| +colormapped. But you can ask the decompressor to perform on-the-fly color
|
| +quantization to deliver colormapped output.) If you request colormapped
|
| +output then the returned data array contains a single JSAMPLE per pixel;
|
| +its value is an index into a color map. The color map is represented as
|
| +a 2-D JSAMPARRAY in which each row holds the values of one color component,
|
| +that is, colormap[i][j] is the value of the i'th color component for pixel
|
| +value (map index) j. Note that since the colormap indexes are stored in
|
| +JSAMPLEs, the maximum number of colors is limited by the size of JSAMPLE
|
| +(ie, at most 256 colors for an 8-bit JPEG library).
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Compression details
|
| +-------------------
|
| +
|
| +Here we revisit the JPEG compression outline given in the overview.
|
| +
|
| +1. Allocate and initialize a JPEG compression object.
|
| +
|
| +A JPEG compression object is a "struct jpeg_compress_struct". (It also has
|
| +a bunch of subsidiary structures which are allocated via malloc(), but the
|
| +application doesn't control those directly.) This struct can be just a local
|
| +variable in the calling routine, if a single routine is going to execute the
|
| +whole JPEG compression sequence. Otherwise it can be static or allocated
|
| +from malloc().
|
| +
|
| +You will also need a structure representing a JPEG error handler. The part
|
| +of this that the library cares about is a "struct jpeg_error_mgr". If you
|
| +are providing your own error handler, you'll typically want to embed the
|
| +jpeg_error_mgr struct in a larger structure; this is discussed later under
|
| +"Error handling". For now we'll assume you are just using the default error
|
| +handler. The default error handler will print JPEG error/warning messages
|
| +on stderr, and it will call exit() if a fatal error occurs.
|
| +
|
| +You must initialize the error handler structure, store a pointer to it into
|
| +the JPEG object's "err" field, and then call jpeg_create_compress() to
|
| +initialize the rest of the JPEG object.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code for this step, if you are using the default error handler, is
|
| +
|
| + struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
|
| + struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
|
| + ...
|
| + cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
|
| + jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_create_compress allocates a small amount of memory, so it could fail
|
| +if you are out of memory. In that case it will exit via the error handler;
|
| +that's why the error handler must be initialized first.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +2. Specify the destination for the compressed data (eg, a file).
|
| +
|
| +As previously mentioned, the JPEG library delivers compressed data to a
|
| +"data destination" module. The library includes one data destination
|
| +module which knows how to write to a stdio stream. You can use your own
|
| +destination module if you want to do something else, as discussed later.
|
| +
|
| +If you use the standard destination module, you must open the target stdio
|
| +stream beforehand. Typical code for this step looks like:
|
| +
|
| + FILE *outfile;
|
| + ...
|
| + if ((outfile = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL) {
|
| + fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", filename);
|
| + exit(1);
|
| + }
|
| + jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo, outfile);
|
| +
|
| +where the last line invokes the standard destination module.
|
| +
|
| +WARNING: it is critical that the binary compressed data be delivered to the
|
| +output file unchanged. On non-Unix systems the stdio library may perform
|
| +newline translation or otherwise corrupt binary data. To suppress this
|
| +behavior, you may need to use a "b" option to fopen (as shown above), or use
|
| +setmode() or another routine to put the stdio stream in binary mode. See
|
| +cjpeg.c and djpeg.c for code that has been found to work on many systems.
|
| +
|
| +You can select the data destination after setting other parameters (step 3),
|
| +if that's more convenient. You may not change the destination between
|
| +calling jpeg_start_compress() and jpeg_finish_compress().
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +3. Set parameters for compression, including image size & colorspace.
|
| +
|
| +You must supply information about the source image by setting the following
|
| +fields in the JPEG object (cinfo structure):
|
| +
|
| + image_width Width of image, in pixels
|
| + image_height Height of image, in pixels
|
| + input_components Number of color channels (samples per pixel)
|
| + in_color_space Color space of source image
|
| +
|
| +The image dimensions are, hopefully, obvious. JPEG supports image dimensions
|
| +of 1 to 64K pixels in either direction. The input color space is typically
|
| +RGB or grayscale, and input_components is 3 or 1 accordingly. (See "Special
|
| +color spaces", later, for more info.) The in_color_space field must be
|
| +assigned one of the J_COLOR_SPACE enum constants, typically JCS_RGB or
|
| +JCS_GRAYSCALE.
|
| +
|
| +JPEG has a large number of compression parameters that determine how the
|
| +image is encoded. Most applications don't need or want to know about all
|
| +these parameters. You can set all the parameters to reasonable defaults by
|
| +calling jpeg_set_defaults(); then, if there are particular values you want
|
| +to change, you can do so after that. The "Compression parameter selection"
|
| +section tells about all the parameters.
|
| +
|
| +You must set in_color_space correctly before calling jpeg_set_defaults(),
|
| +because the defaults depend on the source image colorspace. However the
|
| +other three source image parameters need not be valid until you call
|
| +jpeg_start_compress(). There's no harm in calling jpeg_set_defaults() more
|
| +than once, if that happens to be convenient.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code for a 24-bit RGB source image is
|
| +
|
| + cinfo.image_width = Width; /* image width and height, in pixels */
|
| + cinfo.image_height = Height;
|
| + cinfo.input_components = 3; /* # of color components per pixel */
|
| + cinfo.in_color_space = JCS_RGB; /* colorspace of input image */
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
|
| + /* Make optional parameter settings here */
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +4. jpeg_start_compress(...);
|
| +
|
| +After you have established the data destination and set all the necessary
|
| +source image info and other parameters, call jpeg_start_compress() to begin
|
| +a compression cycle. This will initialize internal state, allocate working
|
| +storage, and emit the first few bytes of the JPEG datastream header.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
| +
|
| +The "TRUE" parameter ensures that a complete JPEG interchange datastream
|
| +will be written. This is appropriate in most cases. If you think you might
|
| +want to use an abbreviated datastream, read the section on abbreviated
|
| +datastreams, below.
|
| +
|
| +Once you have called jpeg_start_compress(), you may not alter any JPEG
|
| +parameters or other fields of the JPEG object until you have completed
|
| +the compression cycle.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +5. while (scan lines remain to be written)
|
| + jpeg_write_scanlines(...);
|
| +
|
| +Now write all the required image data by calling jpeg_write_scanlines()
|
| +one or more times. You can pass one or more scanlines in each call, up
|
| +to the total image height. In most applications it is convenient to pass
|
| +just one or a few scanlines at a time. The expected format for the passed
|
| +data is discussed under "Data formats", above.
|
| +
|
| +Image data should be written in top-to-bottom scanline order. The JPEG spec
|
| +contains some weasel wording about how top and bottom are application-defined
|
| +terms (a curious interpretation of the English language...) but if you want
|
| +your files to be compatible with everyone else's, you WILL use top-to-bottom
|
| +order. If the source data must be read in bottom-to-top order, you can use
|
| +the JPEG library's virtual array mechanism to invert the data efficiently.
|
| +Examples of this can be found in the sample application cjpeg.
|
| +
|
| +The library maintains a count of the number of scanlines written so far
|
| +in the next_scanline field of the JPEG object. Usually you can just use
|
| +this variable as the loop counter, so that the loop test looks like
|
| +"while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height)".
|
| +
|
| +Code for this step depends heavily on the way that you store the source data.
|
| +example.c shows the following code for the case of a full-size 2-D source
|
| +array containing 3-byte RGB pixels:
|
| +
|
| + JSAMPROW row_pointer[1]; /* pointer to a single row */
|
| + int row_stride; /* physical row width in buffer */
|
| +
|
| + row_stride = image_width * 3; /* JSAMPLEs per row in image_buffer */
|
| +
|
| + while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height) {
|
| + row_pointer[0] = & image_buffer[cinfo.next_scanline * row_stride];
|
| + jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo, row_pointer, 1);
|
| + }
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_write_scanlines() returns the number of scanlines actually written.
|
| +This will normally be equal to the number passed in, so you can usually
|
| +ignore the return value. It is different in just two cases:
|
| + * If you try to write more scanlines than the declared image height,
|
| + the additional scanlines are ignored.
|
| + * If you use a suspending data destination manager, output buffer overrun
|
| + will cause the compressor to return before accepting all the passed lines.
|
| + This feature is discussed under "I/O suspension", below. The normal
|
| + stdio destination manager will NOT cause this to happen.
|
| +In any case, the return value is the same as the change in the value of
|
| +next_scanline.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +6. jpeg_finish_compress(...);
|
| +
|
| +After all the image data has been written, call jpeg_finish_compress() to
|
| +complete the compression cycle. This step is ESSENTIAL to ensure that the
|
| +last bufferload of data is written to the data destination.
|
| +jpeg_finish_compress() also releases working memory associated with the JPEG
|
| +object.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +If using the stdio destination manager, don't forget to close the output
|
| +stdio stream (if necessary) afterwards.
|
| +
|
| +If you have requested a multi-pass operating mode, such as Huffman code
|
| +optimization, jpeg_finish_compress() will perform the additional passes using
|
| +data buffered by the first pass. In this case jpeg_finish_compress() may take
|
| +quite a while to complete. With the default compression parameters, this will
|
| +not happen.
|
| +
|
| +It is an error to call jpeg_finish_compress() before writing the necessary
|
| +total number of scanlines. If you wish to abort compression, call
|
| +jpeg_abort() as discussed below.
|
| +
|
| +After completing a compression cycle, you may dispose of the JPEG object
|
| +as discussed next, or you may use it to compress another image. In that case
|
| +return to step 2, 3, or 4 as appropriate. If you do not change the
|
| +destination manager, the new datastream will be written to the same target.
|
| +If you do not change any JPEG parameters, the new datastream will be written
|
| +with the same parameters as before. Note that you can change the input image
|
| +dimensions freely between cycles, but if you change the input colorspace, you
|
| +should call jpeg_set_defaults() to adjust for the new colorspace; and then
|
| +you'll need to repeat all of step 3.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +7. Release the JPEG compression object.
|
| +
|
| +When you are done with a JPEG compression object, destroy it by calling
|
| +jpeg_destroy_compress(). This will free all subsidiary memory (regardless of
|
| +the previous state of the object). Or you can call jpeg_destroy(), which
|
| +works for either compression or decompression objects --- this may be more
|
| +convenient if you are sharing code between compression and decompression
|
| +cases. (Actually, these routines are equivalent except for the declared type
|
| +of the passed pointer. To avoid gripes from ANSI C compilers, jpeg_destroy()
|
| +should be passed a j_common_ptr.)
|
| +
|
| +If you allocated the jpeg_compress_struct structure from malloc(), freeing
|
| +it is your responsibility --- jpeg_destroy() won't. Ditto for the error
|
| +handler structure.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +8. Aborting.
|
| +
|
| +If you decide to abort a compression cycle before finishing, you can clean up
|
| +in either of two ways:
|
| +
|
| +* If you don't need the JPEG object any more, just call
|
| + jpeg_destroy_compress() or jpeg_destroy() to release memory. This is
|
| + legitimate at any point after calling jpeg_create_compress() --- in fact,
|
| + it's safe even if jpeg_create_compress() fails.
|
| +
|
| +* If you want to re-use the JPEG object, call jpeg_abort_compress(), or call
|
| + jpeg_abort() which works on both compression and decompression objects.
|
| + This will return the object to an idle state, releasing any working memory.
|
| + jpeg_abort() is allowed at any time after successful object creation.
|
| +
|
| +Note that cleaning up the data destination, if required, is your
|
| +responsibility; neither of these routines will call term_destination().
|
| +(See "Compressed data handling", below, for more about that.)
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_destroy() and jpeg_abort() are the only safe calls to make on a JPEG
|
| +object that has reported an error by calling error_exit (see "Error handling"
|
| +for more info). The internal state of such an object is likely to be out of
|
| +whack. Either of these two routines will return the object to a known state.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Decompression details
|
| +---------------------
|
| +
|
| +Here we revisit the JPEG decompression outline given in the overview.
|
| +
|
| +1. Allocate and initialize a JPEG decompression object.
|
| +
|
| +This is just like initialization for compression, as discussed above,
|
| +except that the object is a "struct jpeg_decompress_struct" and you
|
| +call jpeg_create_decompress(). Error handling is exactly the same.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
|
| + struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
|
| + ...
|
| + cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
|
| + jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +(Both here and in the IJG code, we usually use variable name "cinfo" for
|
| +both compression and decompression objects.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +2. Specify the source of the compressed data (eg, a file).
|
| +
|
| +As previously mentioned, the JPEG library reads compressed data from a "data
|
| +source" module. The library includes one data source module which knows how
|
| +to read from a stdio stream. You can use your own source module if you want
|
| +to do something else, as discussed later.
|
| +
|
| +If you use the standard source module, you must open the source stdio stream
|
| +beforehand. Typical code for this step looks like:
|
| +
|
| + FILE *infile;
|
| + ...
|
| + if ((infile = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL) {
|
| + fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", filename);
|
| + exit(1);
|
| + }
|
| + jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo, infile);
|
| +
|
| +where the last line invokes the standard source module.
|
| +
|
| +WARNING: it is critical that the binary compressed data be read unchanged.
|
| +On non-Unix systems the stdio library may perform newline translation or
|
| +otherwise corrupt binary data. To suppress this behavior, you may need to use
|
| +a "b" option to fopen (as shown above), or use setmode() or another routine to
|
| +put the stdio stream in binary mode. See cjpeg.c and djpeg.c for code that
|
| +has been found to work on many systems.
|
| +
|
| +You may not change the data source between calling jpeg_read_header() and
|
| +jpeg_finish_decompress(). If you wish to read a series of JPEG images from
|
| +a single source file, you should repeat the jpeg_read_header() to
|
| +jpeg_finish_decompress() sequence without reinitializing either the JPEG
|
| +object or the data source module; this prevents buffered input data from
|
| +being discarded.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +3. Call jpeg_read_header() to obtain image info.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code for this step is just
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
| +
|
| +This will read the source datastream header markers, up to the beginning
|
| +of the compressed data proper. On return, the image dimensions and other
|
| +info have been stored in the JPEG object. The application may wish to
|
| +consult this information before selecting decompression parameters.
|
| +
|
| +More complex code is necessary if
|
| + * A suspending data source is used --- in that case jpeg_read_header()
|
| + may return before it has read all the header data. See "I/O suspension",
|
| + below. The normal stdio source manager will NOT cause this to happen.
|
| + * Abbreviated JPEG files are to be processed --- see the section on
|
| + abbreviated datastreams. Standard applications that deal only in
|
| + interchange JPEG files need not be concerned with this case either.
|
| +
|
| +It is permissible to stop at this point if you just wanted to find out the
|
| +image dimensions and other header info for a JPEG file. In that case,
|
| +call jpeg_destroy() when you are done with the JPEG object, or call
|
| +jpeg_abort() to return it to an idle state before selecting a new data
|
| +source and reading another header.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +4. Set parameters for decompression.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_read_header() sets appropriate default decompression parameters based on
|
| +the properties of the image (in particular, its colorspace). However, you
|
| +may well want to alter these defaults before beginning the decompression.
|
| +For example, the default is to produce full color output from a color file.
|
| +If you want colormapped output you must ask for it. Other options allow the
|
| +returned image to be scaled and allow various speed/quality tradeoffs to be
|
| +selected. "Decompression parameter selection", below, gives details.
|
| +
|
| +If the defaults are appropriate, nothing need be done at this step.
|
| +
|
| +Note that all default values are set by each call to jpeg_read_header().
|
| +If you reuse a decompression object, you cannot expect your parameter
|
| +settings to be preserved across cycles, as you can for compression.
|
| +You must set desired parameter values each time.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +5. jpeg_start_decompress(...);
|
| +
|
| +Once the parameter values are satisfactory, call jpeg_start_decompress() to
|
| +begin decompression. This will initialize internal state, allocate working
|
| +memory, and prepare for returning data.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code is just
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +If you have requested a multi-pass operating mode, such as 2-pass color
|
| +quantization, jpeg_start_decompress() will do everything needed before data
|
| +output can begin. In this case jpeg_start_decompress() may take quite a while
|
| +to complete. With a single-scan (non progressive) JPEG file and default
|
| +decompression parameters, this will not happen; jpeg_start_decompress() will
|
| +return quickly.
|
| +
|
| +After this call, the final output image dimensions, including any requested
|
| +scaling, are available in the JPEG object; so is the selected colormap, if
|
| +colormapped output has been requested. Useful fields include
|
| +
|
| + output_width image width and height, as scaled
|
| + output_height
|
| + out_color_components # of color components in out_color_space
|
| + output_components # of color components returned per pixel
|
| + colormap the selected colormap, if any
|
| + actual_number_of_colors number of entries in colormap
|
| +
|
| +output_components is 1 (a colormap index) when quantizing colors; otherwise it
|
| +equals out_color_components. It is the number of JSAMPLE values that will be
|
| +emitted per pixel in the output arrays.
|
| +
|
| +Typically you will need to allocate data buffers to hold the incoming image.
|
| +You will need output_width * output_components JSAMPLEs per scanline in your
|
| +output buffer, and a total of output_height scanlines will be returned.
|
| +
|
| +Note: if you are using the JPEG library's internal memory manager to allocate
|
| +data buffers (as djpeg does), then the manager's protocol requires that you
|
| +request large buffers *before* calling jpeg_start_decompress(). This is a
|
| +little tricky since the output_XXX fields are not normally valid then. You
|
| +can make them valid by calling jpeg_calc_output_dimensions() after setting the
|
| +relevant parameters (scaling, output color space, and quantization flag).
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +6. while (scan lines remain to be read)
|
| + jpeg_read_scanlines(...);
|
| +
|
| +Now you can read the decompressed image data by calling jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
| +one or more times. At each call, you pass in the maximum number of scanlines
|
| +to be read (ie, the height of your working buffer); jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
| +will return up to that many lines. The return value is the number of lines
|
| +actually read. The format of the returned data is discussed under "Data
|
| +formats", above. Don't forget that grayscale and color JPEGs will return
|
| +different data formats!
|
| +
|
| +Image data is returned in top-to-bottom scanline order. If you must write
|
| +out the image in bottom-to-top order, you can use the JPEG library's virtual
|
| +array mechanism to invert the data efficiently. Examples of this can be
|
| +found in the sample application djpeg.
|
| +
|
| +The library maintains a count of the number of scanlines returned so far
|
| +in the output_scanline field of the JPEG object. Usually you can just use
|
| +this variable as the loop counter, so that the loop test looks like
|
| +"while (cinfo.output_scanline < cinfo.output_height)". (Note that the test
|
| +should NOT be against image_height, unless you never use scaling. The
|
| +image_height field is the height of the original unscaled image.)
|
| +The return value always equals the change in the value of output_scanline.
|
| +
|
| +If you don't use a suspending data source, it is safe to assume that
|
| +jpeg_read_scanlines() reads at least one scanline per call, until the
|
| +bottom of the image has been reached.
|
| +
|
| +If you use a buffer larger than one scanline, it is NOT safe to assume that
|
| +jpeg_read_scanlines() fills it. (The current implementation returns only a
|
| +few scanlines per call, no matter how large a buffer you pass.) So you must
|
| +always provide a loop that calls jpeg_read_scanlines() repeatedly until the
|
| +whole image has been read.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +7. jpeg_finish_decompress(...);
|
| +
|
| +After all the image data has been read, call jpeg_finish_decompress() to
|
| +complete the decompression cycle. This causes working memory associated
|
| +with the JPEG object to be released.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +If using the stdio source manager, don't forget to close the source stdio
|
| +stream if necessary.
|
| +
|
| +It is an error to call jpeg_finish_decompress() before reading the correct
|
| +total number of scanlines. If you wish to abort decompression, call
|
| +jpeg_abort() as discussed below.
|
| +
|
| +After completing a decompression cycle, you may dispose of the JPEG object as
|
| +discussed next, or you may use it to decompress another image. In that case
|
| +return to step 2 or 3 as appropriate. If you do not change the source
|
| +manager, the next image will be read from the same source.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +8. Release the JPEG decompression object.
|
| +
|
| +When you are done with a JPEG decompression object, destroy it by calling
|
| +jpeg_destroy_decompress() or jpeg_destroy(). The previous discussion of
|
| +destroying compression objects applies here too.
|
| +
|
| +Typical code:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +9. Aborting.
|
| +
|
| +You can abort a decompression cycle by calling jpeg_destroy_decompress() or
|
| +jpeg_destroy() if you don't need the JPEG object any more, or
|
| +jpeg_abort_decompress() or jpeg_abort() if you want to reuse the object.
|
| +The previous discussion of aborting compression cycles applies here too.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Partial image decompression
|
| +---------------------------
|
| +
|
| +Partial image decompression is convenient for performance-critical applications
|
| +that wish to view only a portion of a large JPEG image without decompressing
|
| +the whole thing. It it also useful in memory-constrained environments (such as
|
| +on mobile devices.) This library provides the following functions to support
|
| +partial image decompression:
|
| +
|
| +1. Skipping rows when decompressing
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_skip_scanlines(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JDIMENSION num_lines);
|
| +
|
| +This function provides application programmers with the ability to skip over
|
| +multiple rows in the JPEG image.
|
| +
|
| +Suspending data sources are not supported by this function. Calling
|
| +jpeg_skip_scanlines() with a suspending data source will result in undefined
|
| +behavior.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_skip_scanlines() will not allow skipping past the bottom of the image. If
|
| +the value of num_lines is large enough to skip past the bottom of the image,
|
| +then the function will skip to the end of the image instead.
|
| +
|
| +If the value of num_lines is valid, then jpeg_skip_scanlines() will always
|
| +skip all of the input rows requested. There is no need to inspect the return
|
| +value of the function in that case.
|
| +
|
| +Best results will be achieved by calling jpeg_skip_scanlines() for large chunks
|
| +of rows. The function should be viewed as a way to quickly jump to a
|
| +particular vertical offset in the JPEG image in order to decode a subset of the
|
| +image. Used in this manner, it will provide significant performance
|
| +improvements.
|
| +
|
| +Calling jpeg_skip_scanlines() for small values of num_lines has several
|
| +potential drawbacks:
|
| + 1) JPEG decompression occurs in blocks, so if jpeg_skip_scanlines() is
|
| + called from the middle of a decompression block, then it is likely that
|
| + much of the decompression work has already been done for the first
|
| + couple of rows that need to be skipped.
|
| + 2) When this function returns, it must leave the decompressor in a state
|
| + such that it is ready to read the next line. This may involve
|
| + decompressing a block that must be partially skipped.
|
| +These issues are especially tricky for cases in which upsampling requires
|
| +context rows. In the worst case, jpeg_skip_scanlines() will perform similarly
|
| +to jpeg_read_scanlines() (since it will actually call jpeg_read_scanlines().)
|
| +
|
| +2. Decompressing partial scanlines
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_crop_scanline (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JDIMENSION *xoffset,
|
| + JDIMENSION *width)
|
| +
|
| +This function provides application programmers with the ability to decompress
|
| +only a portion of each row in the JPEG image. It must be called after
|
| +jpeg_start_decompress() and before any calls to jpeg_read_scanlines() or
|
| +jpeg_skip_scanlines().
|
| +
|
| +If xoffset and width do not form a valid subset of the image row, then this
|
| +function will generate an error. Note that if the output image is scaled, then
|
| +xoffset and width are relative to the scaled image dimensions.
|
| +
|
| +xoffset and width are passed by reference because xoffset must fall on an iMCU
|
| +boundary. If it doesn't, then it will be moved left to the nearest iMCU
|
| +boundary, and width will be increased accordingly. If the calling program does
|
| +not like the adjusted values of xoffset and width, then it can call
|
| +jpeg_crop_scanline() again with new values (for instance, if it wants to move
|
| +xoffset to the nearest iMCU boundary to the right instead of to the left.)
|
| +
|
| +After calling this function, cinfo->output_width will be set to the adjusted
|
| +width. This value should be used when allocating an output buffer to pass to
|
| +jpeg_read_scanlines().
|
| +
|
| +The output image from a partial-width decompression will be identical to the
|
| +corresponding image region from a full decode, with one exception: The "fancy"
|
| +(smooth) h2v2 (4:2:0) and h2v1 (4:2:2) upsampling algorithms fill in the
|
| +missing chroma components by averaging the chroma components from neighboring
|
| +pixels, except on the right and left edges of the image (where there are no
|
| +neighboring pixels.) When performing a partial-width decompression, these
|
| +"fancy" upsampling algorithms may treat the left and right edges of the partial
|
| +image region as if they are the left and right edges of the image, meaning that
|
| +the upsampling algorithm may be simplified. The result is that the pixels on
|
| +the left or right edge of the partial image may not be exactly identical to the
|
| +corresponding pixels in the original image.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Mechanics of usage: include files, linking, etc
|
| +-----------------------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +Applications using the JPEG library should include the header file jpeglib.h
|
| +to obtain declarations of data types and routines. Before including
|
| +jpeglib.h, include system headers that define at least the typedefs FILE and
|
| +size_t. On ANSI-conforming systems, including <stdio.h> is sufficient; on
|
| +older Unix systems, you may need <sys/types.h> to define size_t.
|
| +
|
| +If the application needs to refer to individual JPEG library error codes, also
|
| +include jerror.h to define those symbols.
|
| +
|
| +jpeglib.h indirectly includes the files jconfig.h and jmorecfg.h. If you are
|
| +installing the JPEG header files in a system directory, you will want to
|
| +install all four files: jpeglib.h, jerror.h, jconfig.h, jmorecfg.h.
|
| +
|
| +The most convenient way to include the JPEG code into your executable program
|
| +is to prepare a library file ("libjpeg.a", or a corresponding name on non-Unix
|
| +machines) and reference it at your link step. If you use only half of the
|
| +library (only compression or only decompression), only that much code will be
|
| +included from the library, unless your linker is hopelessly brain-damaged.
|
| +The supplied makefiles build libjpeg.a automatically (see install.txt).
|
| +
|
| +While you can build the JPEG library as a shared library if the whim strikes
|
| +you, we don't really recommend it. The trouble with shared libraries is that
|
| +at some point you'll probably try to substitute a new version of the library
|
| +without recompiling the calling applications. That generally doesn't work
|
| +because the parameter struct declarations usually change with each new
|
| +version. In other words, the library's API is *not* guaranteed binary
|
| +compatible across versions; we only try to ensure source-code compatibility.
|
| +(In hindsight, it might have been smarter to hide the parameter structs from
|
| +applications and introduce a ton of access functions instead. Too late now,
|
| +however.)
|
| +
|
| +It may be worth pointing out that the core JPEG library does not actually
|
| +require the stdio library: only the default source/destination managers and
|
| +error handler need it. You can use the library in a stdio-less environment
|
| +if you replace those modules and use jmemnobs.c (or another memory manager of
|
| +your own devising). More info about the minimum system library requirements
|
| +may be found in jinclude.h.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +ADVANCED FEATURES
|
| +=================
|
| +
|
| +Compression parameter selection
|
| +-------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +This section describes all the optional parameters you can set for JPEG
|
| +compression, as well as the "helper" routines provided to assist in this
|
| +task. Proper setting of some parameters requires detailed understanding
|
| +of the JPEG standard; if you don't know what a parameter is for, it's best
|
| +not to mess with it! See REFERENCES in the README.ijg file for pointers to
|
| +more info about JPEG.
|
| +
|
| +It's a good idea to call jpeg_set_defaults() first, even if you plan to set
|
| +all the parameters; that way your code is more likely to work with future JPEG
|
| +libraries that have additional parameters. For the same reason, we recommend
|
| +you use a helper routine where one is provided, in preference to twiddling
|
| +cinfo fields directly.
|
| +
|
| +The helper routines are:
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_set_defaults (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + This routine sets all JPEG parameters to reasonable defaults, using
|
| + only the input image's color space (field in_color_space, which must
|
| + already be set in cinfo). Many applications will only need to use
|
| + this routine and perhaps jpeg_set_quality().
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_set_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo, J_COLOR_SPACE colorspace)
|
| + Sets the JPEG file's colorspace (field jpeg_color_space) as specified,
|
| + and sets other color-space-dependent parameters appropriately. See
|
| + "Special color spaces", below, before using this. A large number of
|
| + parameters, including all per-component parameters, are set by this
|
| + routine; if you want to twiddle individual parameters you should call
|
| + jpeg_set_colorspace() before rather than after.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_default_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Selects an appropriate JPEG colorspace based on cinfo->in_color_space,
|
| + and calls jpeg_set_colorspace(). This is actually a subroutine of
|
| + jpeg_set_defaults(). It's broken out in case you want to change
|
| + just the colorspace-dependent JPEG parameters.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_set_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int quality, boolean force_baseline)
|
| + Constructs JPEG quantization tables appropriate for the indicated
|
| + quality setting. The quality value is expressed on the 0..100 scale
|
| + recommended by IJG (cjpeg's "-quality" switch uses this routine).
|
| + Note that the exact mapping from quality values to tables may change
|
| + in future IJG releases as more is learned about DCT quantization.
|
| + If the force_baseline parameter is TRUE, then the quantization table
|
| + entries are constrained to the range 1..255 for full JPEG baseline
|
| + compatibility. In the current implementation, this only makes a
|
| + difference for quality settings below 25, and it effectively prevents
|
| + very small/low quality files from being generated. The IJG decoder
|
| + is capable of reading the non-baseline files generated at low quality
|
| + settings when force_baseline is FALSE, but other decoders may not be.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_set_linear_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int scale_factor,
|
| + boolean force_baseline)
|
| + Same as jpeg_set_quality() except that the generated tables are the
|
| + sample tables given in the JPEC spec section K.1, multiplied by the
|
| + specified scale factor (which is expressed as a percentage; thus
|
| + scale_factor = 100 reproduces the spec's tables). Note that larger
|
| + scale factors give lower quality. This entry point is useful for
|
| + conforming to the Adobe PostScript DCT conventions, but we do not
|
| + recommend linear scaling as a user-visible quality scale otherwise.
|
| + force_baseline again constrains the computed table entries to 1..255.
|
| +
|
| +int jpeg_quality_scaling (int quality)
|
| + Converts a value on the IJG-recommended quality scale to a linear
|
| + scaling percentage. Note that this routine may change or go away
|
| + in future releases --- IJG may choose to adopt a scaling method that
|
| + can't be expressed as a simple scalar multiplier, in which case the
|
| + premise of this routine collapses. Caveat user.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_default_qtables (j_compress_ptr cinfo, boolean force_baseline)
|
| + [libjpeg v7+ API/ABI emulation only]
|
| + Set default quantization tables with linear q_scale_factor[] values
|
| + (see below).
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_add_quant_table (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int which_tbl,
|
| + const unsigned int *basic_table,
|
| + int scale_factor, boolean force_baseline)
|
| + Allows an arbitrary quantization table to be created. which_tbl
|
| + indicates which table slot to fill. basic_table points to an array
|
| + of 64 unsigned ints given in normal array order. These values are
|
| + multiplied by scale_factor/100 and then clamped to the range 1..65535
|
| + (or to 1..255 if force_baseline is TRUE).
|
| + CAUTION: prior to library version 6a, jpeg_add_quant_table expected
|
| + the basic table to be given in JPEG zigzag order. If you need to
|
| + write code that works with either older or newer versions of this
|
| + routine, you must check the library version number. Something like
|
| + "#if JPEG_LIB_VERSION >= 61" is the right test.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_simple_progression (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Generates a default scan script for writing a progressive-JPEG file.
|
| + This is the recommended method of creating a progressive file,
|
| + unless you want to make a custom scan sequence. You must ensure that
|
| + the JPEG color space is set correctly before calling this routine.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Compression parameters (cinfo fields) include:
|
| +
|
| +boolean arith_code
|
| + If TRUE, use arithmetic coding.
|
| + If FALSE, use Huffman coding.
|
| +
|
| +J_DCT_METHOD dct_method
|
| + Selects the algorithm used for the DCT step. Choices are:
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW: slow but accurate integer algorithm
|
| + JDCT_IFAST: faster, less accurate integer method
|
| + JDCT_FLOAT: floating-point method
|
| + JDCT_DEFAULT: default method (normally JDCT_ISLOW)
|
| + JDCT_FASTEST: fastest method (normally JDCT_IFAST)
|
| + In libjpeg-turbo, JDCT_IFAST is generally about 5-15% faster than
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW when using the x86/x86-64 SIMD extensions (results may vary
|
| + with other SIMD implementations, or when using libjpeg-turbo without
|
| + SIMD extensions.) For quality levels of 90 and below, there should be
|
| + little or no perceptible difference between the two algorithms. For
|
| + quality levels above 90, however, the difference between JDCT_IFAST and
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW becomes more pronounced. With quality=97, for instance,
|
| + JDCT_IFAST incurs generally about a 1-3 dB loss (in PSNR) relative to
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW, but this can be larger for some images. Do not use
|
| + JDCT_IFAST with quality levels above 97. The algorithm often
|
| + degenerates at quality=98 and above and can actually produce a more
|
| + lossy image than if lower quality levels had been used. Also, in
|
| + libjpeg-turbo, JDCT_IFAST is not fully accelerated for quality levels
|
| + above 97, so it will be slower than JDCT_ISLOW. JDCT_FLOAT is mainly a
|
| + legacy feature. It does not produce significantly more accurate
|
| + results than the ISLOW method, and it is much slower. The FLOAT method
|
| + may also give different results on different machines due to varying
|
| + roundoff behavior, whereas the integer methods should give the same
|
| + results on all machines.
|
| +
|
| +J_COLOR_SPACE jpeg_color_space
|
| +int num_components
|
| + The JPEG color space and corresponding number of components; see
|
| + "Special color spaces", below, for more info. We recommend using
|
| + jpeg_set_color_space() if you want to change these.
|
| +
|
| +boolean optimize_coding
|
| + TRUE causes the compressor to compute optimal Huffman coding tables
|
| + for the image. This requires an extra pass over the data and
|
| + therefore costs a good deal of space and time. The default is
|
| + FALSE, which tells the compressor to use the supplied or default
|
| + Huffman tables. In most cases optimal tables save only a few percent
|
| + of file size compared to the default tables. Note that when this is
|
| + TRUE, you need not supply Huffman tables at all, and any you do
|
| + supply will be overwritten.
|
| +
|
| +unsigned int restart_interval
|
| +int restart_in_rows
|
| + To emit restart markers in the JPEG file, set one of these nonzero.
|
| + Set restart_interval to specify the exact interval in MCU blocks.
|
| + Set restart_in_rows to specify the interval in MCU rows. (If
|
| + restart_in_rows is not 0, then restart_interval is set after the
|
| + image width in MCUs is computed.) Defaults are zero (no restarts).
|
| + One restart marker per MCU row is often a good choice.
|
| + NOTE: the overhead of restart markers is higher in grayscale JPEG
|
| + files than in color files, and MUCH higher in progressive JPEGs.
|
| + If you use restarts, you may want to use larger intervals in those
|
| + cases.
|
| +
|
| +const jpeg_scan_info *scan_info
|
| +int num_scans
|
| + By default, scan_info is NULL; this causes the compressor to write a
|
| + single-scan sequential JPEG file. If not NULL, scan_info points to
|
| + an array of scan definition records of length num_scans. The
|
| + compressor will then write a JPEG file having one scan for each scan
|
| + definition record. This is used to generate noninterleaved or
|
| + progressive JPEG files. The library checks that the scan array
|
| + defines a valid JPEG scan sequence. (jpeg_simple_progression creates
|
| + a suitable scan definition array for progressive JPEG.) This is
|
| + discussed further under "Progressive JPEG support".
|
| +
|
| +int smoothing_factor
|
| + If non-zero, the input image is smoothed; the value should be 1 for
|
| + minimal smoothing to 100 for maximum smoothing. Consult jcsample.c
|
| + for details of the smoothing algorithm. The default is zero.
|
| +
|
| +boolean write_JFIF_header
|
| + If TRUE, a JFIF APP0 marker is emitted. jpeg_set_defaults() and
|
| + jpeg_set_colorspace() set this TRUE if a JFIF-legal JPEG color space
|
| + (ie, YCbCr or grayscale) is selected, otherwise FALSE.
|
| +
|
| +UINT8 JFIF_major_version
|
| +UINT8 JFIF_minor_version
|
| + The version number to be written into the JFIF marker.
|
| + jpeg_set_defaults() initializes the version to 1.01 (major=minor=1).
|
| + You should set it to 1.02 (major=1, minor=2) if you plan to write
|
| + any JFIF 1.02 extension markers.
|
| +
|
| +UINT8 density_unit
|
| +UINT16 X_density
|
| +UINT16 Y_density
|
| + The resolution information to be written into the JFIF marker;
|
| + not used otherwise. density_unit may be 0 for unknown,
|
| + 1 for dots/inch, or 2 for dots/cm. The default values are 0,1,1
|
| + indicating square pixels of unknown size.
|
| +
|
| +boolean write_Adobe_marker
|
| + If TRUE, an Adobe APP14 marker is emitted. jpeg_set_defaults() and
|
| + jpeg_set_colorspace() set this TRUE if JPEG color space RGB, CMYK,
|
| + or YCCK is selected, otherwise FALSE. It is generally a bad idea
|
| + to set both write_JFIF_header and write_Adobe_marker. In fact,
|
| + you probably shouldn't change the default settings at all --- the
|
| + default behavior ensures that the JPEG file's color space can be
|
| + recognized by the decoder.
|
| +
|
| +JQUANT_TBL *quant_tbl_ptrs[NUM_QUANT_TBLS]
|
| + Pointers to coefficient quantization tables, one per table slot,
|
| + or NULL if no table is defined for a slot. Usually these should
|
| + be set via one of the above helper routines; jpeg_add_quant_table()
|
| + is general enough to define any quantization table. The other
|
| + routines will set up table slot 0 for luminance quality and table
|
| + slot 1 for chrominance.
|
| +
|
| +int q_scale_factor[NUM_QUANT_TBLS]
|
| + [libjpeg v7+ API/ABI emulation only]
|
| + Linear quantization scaling factors (0-100, default 100)
|
| + for use with jpeg_default_qtables().
|
| + See rdswitch.c and cjpeg.c for an example of usage.
|
| + Note that the q_scale_factor[] values use "linear" scales, so JPEG
|
| + quality levels chosen by the user must be converted to these scales
|
| + using jpeg_quality_scaling(). Here is an example that corresponds to
|
| + cjpeg -quality 90,70:
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_set_defaults(cinfo);
|
| +
|
| + /* Set luminance quality 90. */
|
| + cinfo->q_scale_factor[0] = jpeg_quality_scaling(90);
|
| + /* Set chrominance quality 70. */
|
| + cinfo->q_scale_factor[1] = jpeg_quality_scaling(70);
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_default_qtables(cinfo, force_baseline);
|
| +
|
| + CAUTION: Setting separate quality levels for chrominance and luminance
|
| + is mainly only useful if chrominance subsampling is disabled. 2x2
|
| + chrominance subsampling (AKA "4:2:0") is the default, but you can
|
| + explicitly disable subsampling as follows:
|
| +
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 1;
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 1;
|
| +
|
| +JHUFF_TBL *dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS]
|
| +JHUFF_TBL *ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS]
|
| + Pointers to Huffman coding tables, one per table slot, or NULL if
|
| + no table is defined for a slot. Slots 0 and 1 are filled with the
|
| + JPEG sample tables by jpeg_set_defaults(). If you need to allocate
|
| + more table structures, jpeg_alloc_huff_table() may be used.
|
| + Note that optimal Huffman tables can be computed for an image
|
| + by setting optimize_coding, as discussed above; there's seldom
|
| + any need to mess with providing your own Huffman tables.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +[libjpeg v7+ API/ABI emulation only]
|
| +The actual dimensions of the JPEG image that will be written to the file are
|
| +given by the following fields. These are computed from the input image
|
| +dimensions and the compression parameters by jpeg_start_compress(). You can
|
| +also call jpeg_calc_jpeg_dimensions() to obtain the values that will result
|
| +from the current parameter settings. This can be useful if you are trying
|
| +to pick a scaling ratio that will get close to a desired target size.
|
| +
|
| +JDIMENSION jpeg_width Actual dimensions of output image.
|
| +JDIMENSION jpeg_height
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Per-component parameters are stored in the struct cinfo.comp_info[i] for
|
| +component number i. Note that components here refer to components of the
|
| +JPEG color space, *not* the source image color space. A suitably large
|
| +comp_info[] array is allocated by jpeg_set_defaults(); if you choose not
|
| +to use that routine, it's up to you to allocate the array.
|
| +
|
| +int component_id
|
| + The one-byte identifier code to be recorded in the JPEG file for
|
| + this component. For the standard color spaces, we recommend you
|
| + leave the default values alone.
|
| +
|
| +int h_samp_factor
|
| +int v_samp_factor
|
| + Horizontal and vertical sampling factors for the component; must
|
| + be 1..4 according to the JPEG standard. Note that larger sampling
|
| + factors indicate a higher-resolution component; many people find
|
| + this behavior quite unintuitive. The default values are 2,2 for
|
| + luminance components and 1,1 for chrominance components, except
|
| + for grayscale where 1,1 is used.
|
| +
|
| +int quant_tbl_no
|
| + Quantization table number for component. The default value is
|
| + 0 for luminance components and 1 for chrominance components.
|
| +
|
| +int dc_tbl_no
|
| +int ac_tbl_no
|
| + DC and AC entropy coding table numbers. The default values are
|
| + 0 for luminance components and 1 for chrominance components.
|
| +
|
| +int component_index
|
| + Must equal the component's index in comp_info[]. (Beginning in
|
| + release v6, the compressor library will fill this in automatically;
|
| + you don't have to.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Decompression parameter selection
|
| +---------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +Decompression parameter selection is somewhat simpler than compression
|
| +parameter selection, since all of the JPEG internal parameters are
|
| +recorded in the source file and need not be supplied by the application.
|
| +(Unless you are working with abbreviated files, in which case see
|
| +"Abbreviated datastreams", below.) Decompression parameters control
|
| +the postprocessing done on the image to deliver it in a format suitable
|
| +for the application's use. Many of the parameters control speed/quality
|
| +tradeoffs, in which faster decompression may be obtained at the price of
|
| +a poorer-quality image. The defaults select the highest quality (slowest)
|
| +processing.
|
| +
|
| +The following fields in the JPEG object are set by jpeg_read_header() and
|
| +may be useful to the application in choosing decompression parameters:
|
| +
|
| +JDIMENSION image_width Width and height of image
|
| +JDIMENSION image_height
|
| +int num_components Number of color components
|
| +J_COLOR_SPACE jpeg_color_space Colorspace of image
|
| +boolean saw_JFIF_marker TRUE if a JFIF APP0 marker was seen
|
| + UINT8 JFIF_major_version Version information from JFIF marker
|
| + UINT8 JFIF_minor_version
|
| + UINT8 density_unit Resolution data from JFIF marker
|
| + UINT16 X_density
|
| + UINT16 Y_density
|
| +boolean saw_Adobe_marker TRUE if an Adobe APP14 marker was seen
|
| + UINT8 Adobe_transform Color transform code from Adobe marker
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG color space, unfortunately, is something of a guess since the JPEG
|
| +standard proper does not provide a way to record it. In practice most files
|
| +adhere to the JFIF or Adobe conventions, and the decoder will recognize these
|
| +correctly. See "Special color spaces", below, for more info.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +The decompression parameters that determine the basic properties of the
|
| +returned image are:
|
| +
|
| +J_COLOR_SPACE out_color_space
|
| + Output color space. jpeg_read_header() sets an appropriate default
|
| + based on jpeg_color_space; typically it will be RGB or grayscale.
|
| + The application can change this field to request output in a different
|
| + colorspace. For example, set it to JCS_GRAYSCALE to get grayscale
|
| + output from a color file. (This is useful for previewing: grayscale
|
| + output is faster than full color since the color components need not
|
| + be processed.) Note that not all possible color space transforms are
|
| + currently implemented; you may need to extend jdcolor.c if you want an
|
| + unusual conversion.
|
| +
|
| +unsigned int scale_num, scale_denom
|
| + Scale the image by the fraction scale_num/scale_denom. Default is
|
| + 1/1, or no scaling. Currently, the only supported scaling ratios
|
| + are M/8 with all M from 1 to 16, or any reduced fraction thereof (such
|
| + as 1/2, 3/4, etc.) (The library design allows for arbitrary
|
| + scaling ratios but this is not likely to be implemented any time soon.)
|
| + Smaller scaling ratios permit significantly faster decoding since
|
| + fewer pixels need be processed and a simpler IDCT method can be used.
|
| +
|
| +boolean quantize_colors
|
| + If set TRUE, colormapped output will be delivered. Default is FALSE,
|
| + meaning that full-color output will be delivered.
|
| +
|
| +The next three parameters are relevant only if quantize_colors is TRUE.
|
| +
|
| +int desired_number_of_colors
|
| + Maximum number of colors to use in generating a library-supplied color
|
| + map (the actual number of colors is returned in a different field).
|
| + Default 256. Ignored when the application supplies its own color map.
|
| +
|
| +boolean two_pass_quantize
|
| + If TRUE, an extra pass over the image is made to select a custom color
|
| + map for the image. This usually looks a lot better than the one-size-
|
| + fits-all colormap that is used otherwise. Default is TRUE. Ignored
|
| + when the application supplies its own color map.
|
| +
|
| +J_DITHER_MODE dither_mode
|
| + Selects color dithering method. Supported values are:
|
| + JDITHER_NONE no dithering: fast, very low quality
|
| + JDITHER_ORDERED ordered dither: moderate speed and quality
|
| + JDITHER_FS Floyd-Steinberg dither: slow, high quality
|
| + Default is JDITHER_FS. (At present, ordered dither is implemented
|
| + only in the single-pass, standard-colormap case. If you ask for
|
| + ordered dither when two_pass_quantize is TRUE or when you supply
|
| + an external color map, you'll get F-S dithering.)
|
| +
|
| +When quantize_colors is TRUE, the target color map is described by the next
|
| +two fields. colormap is set to NULL by jpeg_read_header(). The application
|
| +can supply a color map by setting colormap non-NULL and setting
|
| +actual_number_of_colors to the map size. Otherwise, jpeg_start_decompress()
|
| +selects a suitable color map and sets these two fields itself.
|
| +[Implementation restriction: at present, an externally supplied colormap is
|
| +only accepted for 3-component output color spaces.]
|
| +
|
| +JSAMPARRAY colormap
|
| + The color map, represented as a 2-D pixel array of out_color_components
|
| + rows and actual_number_of_colors columns. Ignored if not quantizing.
|
| + CAUTION: if the JPEG library creates its own colormap, the storage
|
| + pointed to by this field is released by jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
| + Copy the colormap somewhere else first, if you want to save it.
|
| +
|
| +int actual_number_of_colors
|
| + The number of colors in the color map.
|
| +
|
| +Additional decompression parameters that the application may set include:
|
| +
|
| +J_DCT_METHOD dct_method
|
| + Selects the algorithm used for the DCT step. Choices are:
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW: slow but accurate integer algorithm
|
| + JDCT_IFAST: faster, less accurate integer method
|
| + JDCT_FLOAT: floating-point method
|
| + JDCT_DEFAULT: default method (normally JDCT_ISLOW)
|
| + JDCT_FASTEST: fastest method (normally JDCT_IFAST)
|
| + In libjpeg-turbo, JDCT_IFAST is generally about 5-15% faster than
|
| + JDCT_ISLOW when using the x86/x86-64 SIMD extensions (results may vary
|
| + with other SIMD implementations, or when using libjpeg-turbo without
|
| + SIMD extensions.) If the JPEG image was compressed using a quality
|
| + level of 85 or below, then there should be little or no perceptible
|
| + difference between the two algorithms. When decompressing images that
|
| + were compressed using quality levels above 85, however, the difference
|
| + between JDCT_IFAST and JDCT_ISLOW becomes more pronounced. With images
|
| + compressed using quality=97, for instance, JDCT_IFAST incurs generally
|
| + about a 4-6 dB loss (in PSNR) relative to JDCT_ISLOW, but this can be
|
| + larger for some images. If you can avoid it, do not use JDCT_IFAST
|
| + when decompressing images that were compressed using quality levels
|
| + above 97. The algorithm often degenerates for such images and can
|
| + actually produce a more lossy output image than if the JPEG image had
|
| + been compressed using lower quality levels. JDCT_FLOAT is mainly a
|
| + legacy feature. It does not produce significantly more accurate
|
| + results than the ISLOW method, and it is much slower. The FLOAT method
|
| + may also give different results on different machines due to varying
|
| + roundoff behavior, whereas the integer methods should give the same
|
| + results on all machines.
|
| +
|
| +boolean do_fancy_upsampling
|
| + If TRUE, do careful upsampling of chroma components. If FALSE,
|
| + a faster but sloppier method is used. Default is TRUE. The visual
|
| + impact of the sloppier method is often very small.
|
| +
|
| +boolean do_block_smoothing
|
| + If TRUE, interblock smoothing is applied in early stages of decoding
|
| + progressive JPEG files; if FALSE, not. Default is TRUE. Early
|
| + progression stages look "fuzzy" with smoothing, "blocky" without.
|
| + In any case, block smoothing ceases to be applied after the first few
|
| + AC coefficients are known to full accuracy, so it is relevant only
|
| + when using buffered-image mode for progressive images.
|
| +
|
| +boolean enable_1pass_quant
|
| +boolean enable_external_quant
|
| +boolean enable_2pass_quant
|
| + These are significant only in buffered-image mode, which is
|
| + described in its own section below.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +The output image dimensions are given by the following fields. These are
|
| +computed from the source image dimensions and the decompression parameters
|
| +by jpeg_start_decompress(). You can also call jpeg_calc_output_dimensions()
|
| +to obtain the values that will result from the current parameter settings.
|
| +This can be useful if you are trying to pick a scaling ratio that will get
|
| +close to a desired target size. It's also important if you are using the
|
| +JPEG library's memory manager to allocate output buffer space, because you
|
| +are supposed to request such buffers *before* jpeg_start_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +JDIMENSION output_width Actual dimensions of output image.
|
| +JDIMENSION output_height
|
| +int out_color_components Number of color components in out_color_space.
|
| +int output_components Number of color components returned.
|
| +int rec_outbuf_height Recommended height of scanline buffer.
|
| +
|
| +When quantizing colors, output_components is 1, indicating a single color map
|
| +index per pixel. Otherwise it equals out_color_components. The output arrays
|
| +are required to be output_width * output_components JSAMPLEs wide.
|
| +
|
| +rec_outbuf_height is the recommended minimum height (in scanlines) of the
|
| +buffer passed to jpeg_read_scanlines(). If the buffer is smaller, the
|
| +library will still work, but time will be wasted due to unnecessary data
|
| +copying. In high-quality modes, rec_outbuf_height is always 1, but some
|
| +faster, lower-quality modes set it to larger values (typically 2 to 4).
|
| +If you are going to ask for a high-speed processing mode, you may as well
|
| +go to the trouble of honoring rec_outbuf_height so as to avoid data copying.
|
| +(An output buffer larger than rec_outbuf_height lines is OK, but won't
|
| +provide any material speed improvement over that height.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Special color spaces
|
| +--------------------
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG standard itself is "color blind" and doesn't specify any particular
|
| +color space. It is customary to convert color data to a luminance/chrominance
|
| +color space before compressing, since this permits greater compression. The
|
| +existing de-facto JPEG file format standards specify YCbCr or grayscale data
|
| +(JFIF), or grayscale, RGB, YCbCr, CMYK, or YCCK (Adobe). For special
|
| +applications such as multispectral images, other color spaces can be used,
|
| +but it must be understood that such files will be unportable.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library can handle the most common colorspace conversions (namely
|
| +RGB <=> YCbCr and CMYK <=> YCCK). It can also deal with data of an unknown
|
| +color space, passing it through without conversion. If you deal extensively
|
| +with an unusual color space, you can easily extend the library to understand
|
| +additional color spaces and perform appropriate conversions.
|
| +
|
| +For compression, the source data's color space is specified by field
|
| +in_color_space. This is transformed to the JPEG file's color space given
|
| +by jpeg_color_space. jpeg_set_defaults() chooses a reasonable JPEG color
|
| +space depending on in_color_space, but you can override this by calling
|
| +jpeg_set_colorspace(). Of course you must select a supported transformation.
|
| +jccolor.c currently supports the following transformations:
|
| + RGB => YCbCr
|
| + RGB => GRAYSCALE
|
| + YCbCr => GRAYSCALE
|
| + CMYK => YCCK
|
| +plus the null transforms: GRAYSCALE => GRAYSCALE, RGB => RGB,
|
| +YCbCr => YCbCr, CMYK => CMYK, YCCK => YCCK, and UNKNOWN => UNKNOWN.
|
| +
|
| +The de-facto file format standards (JFIF and Adobe) specify APPn markers that
|
| +indicate the color space of the JPEG file. It is important to ensure that
|
| +these are written correctly, or omitted if the JPEG file's color space is not
|
| +one of the ones supported by the de-facto standards. jpeg_set_colorspace()
|
| +will set the compression parameters to include or omit the APPn markers
|
| +properly, so long as it is told the truth about the JPEG color space.
|
| +For example, if you are writing some random 3-component color space without
|
| +conversion, don't try to fake out the library by setting in_color_space and
|
| +jpeg_color_space to JCS_YCbCr; use JCS_UNKNOWN. You may want to write an
|
| +APPn marker of your own devising to identify the colorspace --- see "Special
|
| +markers", below.
|
| +
|
| +When told that the color space is UNKNOWN, the library will default to using
|
| +luminance-quality compression parameters for all color components. You may
|
| +well want to change these parameters. See the source code for
|
| +jpeg_set_colorspace(), in jcparam.c, for details.
|
| +
|
| +For decompression, the JPEG file's color space is given in jpeg_color_space,
|
| +and this is transformed to the output color space out_color_space.
|
| +jpeg_read_header's setting of jpeg_color_space can be relied on if the file
|
| +conforms to JFIF or Adobe conventions, but otherwise it is no better than a
|
| +guess. If you know the JPEG file's color space for certain, you can override
|
| +jpeg_read_header's guess by setting jpeg_color_space. jpeg_read_header also
|
| +selects a default output color space based on (its guess of) jpeg_color_space;
|
| +set out_color_space to override this. Again, you must select a supported
|
| +transformation. jdcolor.c currently supports
|
| + YCbCr => RGB
|
| + YCbCr => GRAYSCALE
|
| + RGB => GRAYSCALE
|
| + GRAYSCALE => RGB
|
| + YCCK => CMYK
|
| +as well as the null transforms. (Since GRAYSCALE=>RGB is provided, an
|
| +application can force grayscale JPEGs to look like color JPEGs if it only
|
| +wants to handle one case.)
|
| +
|
| +The two-pass color quantizer, jquant2.c, is specialized to handle RGB data
|
| +(it weights distances appropriately for RGB colors). You'll need to modify
|
| +the code if you want to use it for non-RGB output color spaces. Note that
|
| +jquant2.c is used to map to an application-supplied colormap as well as for
|
| +the normal two-pass colormap selection process.
|
| +
|
| +CAUTION: it appears that Adobe Photoshop writes inverted data in CMYK JPEG
|
| +files: 0 represents 100% ink coverage, rather than 0% ink as you'd expect.
|
| +This is arguably a bug in Photoshop, but if you need to work with Photoshop
|
| +CMYK files, you will have to deal with it in your application. We cannot
|
| +"fix" this in the library by inverting the data during the CMYK<=>YCCK
|
| +transform, because that would break other applications, notably Ghostscript.
|
| +Photoshop versions prior to 3.0 write EPS files containing JPEG-encoded CMYK
|
| +data in the same inverted-YCCK representation used in bare JPEG files, but
|
| +the surrounding PostScript code performs an inversion using the PS image
|
| +operator. I am told that Photoshop 3.0 will write uninverted YCCK in
|
| +EPS/JPEG files, and will omit the PS-level inversion. (But the data
|
| +polarity used in bare JPEG files will not change in 3.0.) In either case,
|
| +the JPEG library must not invert the data itself, or else Ghostscript would
|
| +read these EPS files incorrectly.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Error handling
|
| +--------------
|
| +
|
| +When the default error handler is used, any error detected inside the JPEG
|
| +routines will cause a message to be printed on stderr, followed by exit().
|
| +You can supply your own error handling routines to override this behavior
|
| +and to control the treatment of nonfatal warnings and trace/debug messages.
|
| +The file example.c illustrates the most common case, which is to have the
|
| +application regain control after an error rather than exiting.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library never writes any message directly; it always goes through
|
| +the error handling routines. Three classes of messages are recognized:
|
| + * Fatal errors: the library cannot continue.
|
| + * Warnings: the library can continue, but the data is corrupt, and a
|
| + damaged output image is likely to result.
|
| + * Trace/informational messages. These come with a trace level indicating
|
| + the importance of the message; you can control the verbosity of the
|
| + program by adjusting the maximum trace level that will be displayed.
|
| +
|
| +You may, if you wish, simply replace the entire JPEG error handling module
|
| +(jerror.c) with your own code. However, you can avoid code duplication by
|
| +only replacing some of the routines depending on the behavior you need.
|
| +This is accomplished by calling jpeg_std_error() as usual, but then overriding
|
| +some of the method pointers in the jpeg_error_mgr struct, as illustrated by
|
| +example.c.
|
| +
|
| +All of the error handling routines will receive a pointer to the JPEG object
|
| +(a j_common_ptr which points to either a jpeg_compress_struct or a
|
| +jpeg_decompress_struct; if you need to tell which, test the is_decompressor
|
| +field). This struct includes a pointer to the error manager struct in its
|
| +"err" field. Frequently, custom error handler routines will need to access
|
| +additional data which is not known to the JPEG library or the standard error
|
| +handler. The most convenient way to do this is to embed either the JPEG
|
| +object or the jpeg_error_mgr struct in a larger structure that contains
|
| +additional fields; then casting the passed pointer provides access to the
|
| +additional fields. Again, see example.c for one way to do it. (Beginning
|
| +with IJG version 6b, there is also a void pointer "client_data" in each
|
| +JPEG object, which the application can also use to find related data.
|
| +The library does not touch client_data at all.)
|
| +
|
| +The individual methods that you might wish to override are:
|
| +
|
| +error_exit (j_common_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Receives control for a fatal error. Information sufficient to
|
| + generate the error message has been stored in cinfo->err; call
|
| + output_message to display it. Control must NOT return to the caller;
|
| + generally this routine will exit() or longjmp() somewhere.
|
| + Typically you would override this routine to get rid of the exit()
|
| + default behavior. Note that if you continue processing, you should
|
| + clean up the JPEG object with jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy().
|
| +
|
| +output_message (j_common_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Actual output of any JPEG message. Override this to send messages
|
| + somewhere other than stderr. Note that this method does not know
|
| + how to generate a message, only where to send it.
|
| +
|
| +format_message (j_common_ptr cinfo, char *buffer)
|
| + Constructs a readable error message string based on the error info
|
| + stored in cinfo->err. This method is called by output_message. Few
|
| + applications should need to override this method. One possible
|
| + reason for doing so is to implement dynamic switching of error message
|
| + language.
|
| +
|
| +emit_message (j_common_ptr cinfo, int msg_level)
|
| + Decide whether or not to emit a warning or trace message; if so,
|
| + calls output_message. The main reason for overriding this method
|
| + would be to abort on warnings. msg_level is -1 for warnings,
|
| + 0 and up for trace messages.
|
| +
|
| +Only error_exit() and emit_message() are called from the rest of the JPEG
|
| +library; the other two are internal to the error handler.
|
| +
|
| +The actual message texts are stored in an array of strings which is pointed to
|
| +by the field err->jpeg_message_table. The messages are numbered from 0 to
|
| +err->last_jpeg_message, and it is these code numbers that are used in the
|
| +JPEG library code. You could replace the message texts (for instance, with
|
| +messages in French or German) by changing the message table pointer. See
|
| +jerror.h for the default texts. CAUTION: this table will almost certainly
|
| +change or grow from one library version to the next.
|
| +
|
| +It may be useful for an application to add its own message texts that are
|
| +handled by the same mechanism. The error handler supports a second "add-on"
|
| +message table for this purpose. To define an addon table, set the pointer
|
| +err->addon_message_table and the message numbers err->first_addon_message and
|
| +err->last_addon_message. If you number the addon messages beginning at 1000
|
| +or so, you won't have to worry about conflicts with the library's built-in
|
| +messages. See the sample applications cjpeg/djpeg for an example of using
|
| +addon messages (the addon messages are defined in cderror.h).
|
| +
|
| +Actual invocation of the error handler is done via macros defined in jerror.h:
|
| + ERREXITn(...) for fatal errors
|
| + WARNMSn(...) for corrupt-data warnings
|
| + TRACEMSn(...) for trace and informational messages.
|
| +These macros store the message code and any additional parameters into the
|
| +error handler struct, then invoke the error_exit() or emit_message() method.
|
| +The variants of each macro are for varying numbers of additional parameters.
|
| +The additional parameters are inserted into the generated message using
|
| +standard printf() format codes.
|
| +
|
| +See jerror.h and jerror.c for further details.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Compressed data handling (source and destination managers)
|
| +----------------------------------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG compression library sends its compressed data to a "destination
|
| +manager" module. The default destination manager just writes the data to a
|
| +memory buffer or to a stdio stream, but you can provide your own manager to
|
| +do something else. Similarly, the decompression library calls a "source
|
| +manager" to obtain the compressed data; you can provide your own source
|
| +manager if you want the data to come from somewhere other than a memory
|
| +buffer or a stdio stream.
|
| +
|
| +In both cases, compressed data is processed a bufferload at a time: the
|
| +destination or source manager provides a work buffer, and the library invokes
|
| +the manager only when the buffer is filled or emptied. (You could define a
|
| +one-character buffer to force the manager to be invoked for each byte, but
|
| +that would be rather inefficient.) The buffer's size and location are
|
| +controlled by the manager, not by the library. For example, the memory
|
| +source manager just makes the buffer pointer and length point to the original
|
| +data in memory. In this case the buffer-reload procedure will be invoked
|
| +only if the decompressor ran off the end of the datastream, which would
|
| +indicate an erroneous datastream.
|
| +
|
| +The work buffer is defined as an array of datatype JOCTET, which is generally
|
| +"char" or "unsigned char". On a machine where char is not exactly 8 bits
|
| +wide, you must define JOCTET as a wider data type and then modify the data
|
| +source and destination modules to transcribe the work arrays into 8-bit units
|
| +on external storage.
|
| +
|
| +A data destination manager struct contains a pointer and count defining the
|
| +next byte to write in the work buffer and the remaining free space:
|
| +
|
| + JOCTET *next_output_byte; /* => next byte to write in buffer */
|
| + size_t free_in_buffer; /* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
|
| +
|
| +The library increments the pointer and decrements the count until the buffer
|
| +is filled. The manager's empty_output_buffer method must reset the pointer
|
| +and count. The manager is expected to remember the buffer's starting address
|
| +and total size in private fields not visible to the library.
|
| +
|
| +A data destination manager provides three methods:
|
| +
|
| +init_destination (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Initialize destination. This is called by jpeg_start_compress()
|
| + before any data is actually written. It must initialize
|
| + next_output_byte and free_in_buffer. free_in_buffer must be
|
| + initialized to a positive value.
|
| +
|
| +empty_output_buffer (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + This is called whenever the buffer has filled (free_in_buffer
|
| + reaches zero). In typical applications, it should write out the
|
| + *entire* buffer (use the saved start address and buffer length;
|
| + ignore the current state of next_output_byte and free_in_buffer).
|
| + Then reset the pointer & count to the start of the buffer, and
|
| + return TRUE indicating that the buffer has been dumped.
|
| + free_in_buffer must be set to a positive value when TRUE is
|
| + returned. A FALSE return should only be used when I/O suspension is
|
| + desired (this operating mode is discussed in the next section).
|
| +
|
| +term_destination (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Terminate destination --- called by jpeg_finish_compress() after all
|
| + data has been written. In most applications, this must flush any
|
| + data remaining in the buffer. Use either next_output_byte or
|
| + free_in_buffer to determine how much data is in the buffer.
|
| +
|
| +term_destination() is NOT called by jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy(). If you
|
| +want the destination manager to be cleaned up during an abort, you must do it
|
| +yourself.
|
| +
|
| +You will also need code to create a jpeg_destination_mgr struct, fill in its
|
| +method pointers, and insert a pointer to the struct into the "dest" field of
|
| +the JPEG compression object. This can be done in-line in your setup code if
|
| +you like, but it's probably cleaner to provide a separate routine similar to
|
| +the jpeg_stdio_dest() or jpeg_mem_dest() routines of the supplied destination
|
| +managers.
|
| +
|
| +Decompression source managers follow a parallel design, but with some
|
| +additional frammishes. The source manager struct contains a pointer and count
|
| +defining the next byte to read from the work buffer and the number of bytes
|
| +remaining:
|
| +
|
| + const JOCTET *next_input_byte; /* => next byte to read from buffer */
|
| + size_t bytes_in_buffer; /* # of bytes remaining in buffer */
|
| +
|
| +The library increments the pointer and decrements the count until the buffer
|
| +is emptied. The manager's fill_input_buffer method must reset the pointer and
|
| +count. In most applications, the manager must remember the buffer's starting
|
| +address and total size in private fields not visible to the library.
|
| +
|
| +A data source manager provides five methods:
|
| +
|
| +init_source (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Initialize source. This is called by jpeg_read_header() before any
|
| + data is actually read. Unlike init_destination(), it may leave
|
| + bytes_in_buffer set to 0 (in which case a fill_input_buffer() call
|
| + will occur immediately).
|
| +
|
| +fill_input_buffer (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + This is called whenever bytes_in_buffer has reached zero and more
|
| + data is wanted. In typical applications, it should read fresh data
|
| + into the buffer (ignoring the current state of next_input_byte and
|
| + bytes_in_buffer), reset the pointer & count to the start of the
|
| + buffer, and return TRUE indicating that the buffer has been reloaded.
|
| + It is not necessary to fill the buffer entirely, only to obtain at
|
| + least one more byte. bytes_in_buffer MUST be set to a positive value
|
| + if TRUE is returned. A FALSE return should only be used when I/O
|
| + suspension is desired (this mode is discussed in the next section).
|
| +
|
| +skip_input_data (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, long num_bytes)
|
| + Skip num_bytes worth of data. The buffer pointer and count should
|
| + be advanced over num_bytes input bytes, refilling the buffer as
|
| + needed. This is used to skip over a potentially large amount of
|
| + uninteresting data (such as an APPn marker). In some applications
|
| + it may be possible to optimize away the reading of the skipped data,
|
| + but it's not clear that being smart is worth much trouble; large
|
| + skips are uncommon. bytes_in_buffer may be zero on return.
|
| + A zero or negative skip count should be treated as a no-op.
|
| +
|
| +resync_to_restart (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int desired)
|
| + This routine is called only when the decompressor has failed to find
|
| + a restart (RSTn) marker where one is expected. Its mission is to
|
| + find a suitable point for resuming decompression. For most
|
| + applications, we recommend that you just use the default resync
|
| + procedure, jpeg_resync_to_restart(). However, if you are able to back
|
| + up in the input data stream, or if you have a-priori knowledge about
|
| + the likely location of restart markers, you may be able to do better.
|
| + Read the read_restart_marker() and jpeg_resync_to_restart() routines
|
| + in jdmarker.c if you think you'd like to implement your own resync
|
| + procedure.
|
| +
|
| +term_source (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
| + Terminate source --- called by jpeg_finish_decompress() after all
|
| + data has been read. Often a no-op.
|
| +
|
| +For both fill_input_buffer() and skip_input_data(), there is no such thing
|
| +as an EOF return. If the end of the file has been reached, the routine has
|
| +a choice of exiting via ERREXIT() or inserting fake data into the buffer.
|
| +In most cases, generating a warning message and inserting a fake EOI marker
|
| +is the best course of action --- this will allow the decompressor to output
|
| +however much of the image is there. In pathological cases, the decompressor
|
| +may swallow the EOI and again demand data ... just keep feeding it fake EOIs.
|
| +jdatasrc.c illustrates the recommended error recovery behavior.
|
| +
|
| +term_source() is NOT called by jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy(). If you want
|
| +the source manager to be cleaned up during an abort, you must do it yourself.
|
| +
|
| +You will also need code to create a jpeg_source_mgr struct, fill in its method
|
| +pointers, and insert a pointer to the struct into the "src" field of the JPEG
|
| +decompression object. This can be done in-line in your setup code if you
|
| +like, but it's probably cleaner to provide a separate routine similar to the
|
| +jpeg_stdio_src() or jpeg_mem_src() routines of the supplied source managers.
|
| +
|
| +For more information, consult the memory and stdio source and destination
|
| +managers in jdatasrc.c and jdatadst.c.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +I/O suspension
|
| +--------------
|
| +
|
| +Some applications need to use the JPEG library as an incremental memory-to-
|
| +memory filter: when the compressed data buffer is filled or emptied, they want
|
| +control to return to the outer loop, rather than expecting that the buffer can
|
| +be emptied or reloaded within the data source/destination manager subroutine.
|
| +The library supports this need by providing an "I/O suspension" mode, which we
|
| +describe in this section.
|
| +
|
| +The I/O suspension mode is not a panacea: nothing is guaranteed about the
|
| +maximum amount of time spent in any one call to the library, so it will not
|
| +eliminate response-time problems in single-threaded applications. If you
|
| +need guaranteed response time, we suggest you "bite the bullet" and implement
|
| +a real multi-tasking capability.
|
| +
|
| +To use I/O suspension, cooperation is needed between the calling application
|
| +and the data source or destination manager; you will always need a custom
|
| +source/destination manager. (Please read the previous section if you haven't
|
| +already.) The basic idea is that the empty_output_buffer() or
|
| +fill_input_buffer() routine is a no-op, merely returning FALSE to indicate
|
| +that it has done nothing. Upon seeing this, the JPEG library suspends
|
| +operation and returns to its caller. The surrounding application is
|
| +responsible for emptying or refilling the work buffer before calling the
|
| +JPEG library again.
|
| +
|
| +Compression suspension:
|
| +
|
| +For compression suspension, use an empty_output_buffer() routine that returns
|
| +FALSE; typically it will not do anything else. This will cause the
|
| +compressor to return to the caller of jpeg_write_scanlines(), with the return
|
| +value indicating that not all the supplied scanlines have been accepted.
|
| +The application must make more room in the output buffer, adjust the output
|
| +buffer pointer/count appropriately, and then call jpeg_write_scanlines()
|
| +again, pointing to the first unconsumed scanline.
|
| +
|
| +When forced to suspend, the compressor will backtrack to a convenient stopping
|
| +point (usually the start of the current MCU); it will regenerate some output
|
| +data when restarted. Therefore, although empty_output_buffer() is only
|
| +called when the buffer is filled, you should NOT write out the entire buffer
|
| +after a suspension. Write only the data up to the current position of
|
| +next_output_byte/free_in_buffer. The data beyond that point will be
|
| +regenerated after resumption.
|
| +
|
| +Because of the backtracking behavior, a good-size output buffer is essential
|
| +for efficiency; you don't want the compressor to suspend often. (In fact, an
|
| +overly small buffer could lead to infinite looping, if a single MCU required
|
| +more data than would fit in the buffer.) We recommend a buffer of at least
|
| +several Kbytes. You may want to insert explicit code to ensure that you don't
|
| +call jpeg_write_scanlines() unless there is a reasonable amount of space in
|
| +the output buffer; in other words, flush the buffer before trying to compress
|
| +more data.
|
| +
|
| +The compressor does not allow suspension while it is trying to write JPEG
|
| +markers at the beginning and end of the file. This means that:
|
| + * At the beginning of a compression operation, there must be enough free
|
| + space in the output buffer to hold the header markers (typically 600 or
|
| + so bytes). The recommended buffer size is bigger than this anyway, so
|
| + this is not a problem as long as you start with an empty buffer. However,
|
| + this restriction might catch you if you insert large special markers, such
|
| + as a JFIF thumbnail image, without flushing the buffer afterwards.
|
| + * When you call jpeg_finish_compress(), there must be enough space in the
|
| + output buffer to emit any buffered data and the final EOI marker. In the
|
| + current implementation, half a dozen bytes should suffice for this, but
|
| + for safety's sake we recommend ensuring that at least 100 bytes are free
|
| + before calling jpeg_finish_compress().
|
| +
|
| +A more significant restriction is that jpeg_finish_compress() cannot suspend.
|
| +This means you cannot use suspension with multi-pass operating modes, namely
|
| +Huffman code optimization and multiple-scan output. Those modes write the
|
| +whole file during jpeg_finish_compress(), which will certainly result in
|
| +buffer overrun. (Note that this restriction applies only to compression,
|
| +not decompression. The decompressor supports input suspension in all of its
|
| +operating modes.)
|
| +
|
| +Decompression suspension:
|
| +
|
| +For decompression suspension, use a fill_input_buffer() routine that simply
|
| +returns FALSE (except perhaps during error recovery, as discussed below).
|
| +This will cause the decompressor to return to its caller with an indication
|
| +that suspension has occurred. This can happen at four places:
|
| + * jpeg_read_header(): will return JPEG_SUSPENDED.
|
| + * jpeg_start_decompress(): will return FALSE, rather than its usual TRUE.
|
| + * jpeg_read_scanlines(): will return the number of scanlines already
|
| + completed (possibly 0).
|
| + * jpeg_finish_decompress(): will return FALSE, rather than its usual TRUE.
|
| +The surrounding application must recognize these cases, load more data into
|
| +the input buffer, and repeat the call. In the case of jpeg_read_scanlines(),
|
| +increment the passed pointers past any scanlines successfully read.
|
| +
|
| +Just as with compression, the decompressor will typically backtrack to a
|
| +convenient restart point before suspending. When fill_input_buffer() is
|
| +called, next_input_byte/bytes_in_buffer point to the current restart point,
|
| +which is where the decompressor will backtrack to if FALSE is returned.
|
| +The data beyond that position must NOT be discarded if you suspend; it needs
|
| +to be re-read upon resumption. In most implementations, you'll need to shift
|
| +this data down to the start of your work buffer and then load more data after
|
| +it. Again, this behavior means that a several-Kbyte work buffer is essential
|
| +for decent performance; furthermore, you should load a reasonable amount of
|
| +new data before resuming decompression. (If you loaded, say, only one new
|
| +byte each time around, you could waste a LOT of cycles.)
|
| +
|
| +The skip_input_data() source manager routine requires special care in a
|
| +suspension scenario. This routine is NOT granted the ability to suspend the
|
| +decompressor; it can decrement bytes_in_buffer to zero, but no more. If the
|
| +requested skip distance exceeds the amount of data currently in the input
|
| +buffer, then skip_input_data() must set bytes_in_buffer to zero and record the
|
| +additional skip distance somewhere else. The decompressor will immediately
|
| +call fill_input_buffer(), which should return FALSE, which will cause a
|
| +suspension return. The surrounding application must then arrange to discard
|
| +the recorded number of bytes before it resumes loading the input buffer.
|
| +(Yes, this design is rather baroque, but it avoids complexity in the far more
|
| +common case where a non-suspending source manager is used.)
|
| +
|
| +If the input data has been exhausted, we recommend that you emit a warning
|
| +and insert dummy EOI markers just as a non-suspending data source manager
|
| +would do. This can be handled either in the surrounding application logic or
|
| +within fill_input_buffer(); the latter is probably more efficient. If
|
| +fill_input_buffer() knows that no more data is available, it can set the
|
| +pointer/count to point to a dummy EOI marker and then return TRUE just as
|
| +though it had read more data in a non-suspending situation.
|
| +
|
| +The decompressor does not attempt to suspend within standard JPEG markers;
|
| +instead it will backtrack to the start of the marker and reprocess the whole
|
| +marker next time. Hence the input buffer must be large enough to hold the
|
| +longest standard marker in the file. Standard JPEG markers should normally
|
| +not exceed a few hundred bytes each (DHT tables are typically the longest).
|
| +We recommend at least a 2K buffer for performance reasons, which is much
|
| +larger than any correct marker is likely to be. For robustness against
|
| +damaged marker length counts, you may wish to insert a test in your
|
| +application for the case that the input buffer is completely full and yet
|
| +the decoder has suspended without consuming any data --- otherwise, if this
|
| +situation did occur, it would lead to an endless loop. (The library can't
|
| +provide this test since it has no idea whether "the buffer is full", or
|
| +even whether there is a fixed-size input buffer.)
|
| +
|
| +The input buffer would need to be 64K to allow for arbitrary COM or APPn
|
| +markers, but these are handled specially: they are either saved into allocated
|
| +memory, or skipped over by calling skip_input_data(). In the former case,
|
| +suspension is handled correctly, and in the latter case, the problem of
|
| +buffer overrun is placed on skip_input_data's shoulders, as explained above.
|
| +Note that if you provide your own marker handling routine for large markers,
|
| +you should consider how to deal with buffer overflow.
|
| +
|
| +Multiple-buffer management:
|
| +
|
| +In some applications it is desirable to store the compressed data in a linked
|
| +list of buffer areas, so as to avoid data copying. This can be handled by
|
| +having empty_output_buffer() or fill_input_buffer() set the pointer and count
|
| +to reference the next available buffer; FALSE is returned only if no more
|
| +buffers are available. Although seemingly straightforward, there is a
|
| +pitfall in this approach: the backtrack that occurs when FALSE is returned
|
| +could back up into an earlier buffer. For example, when fill_input_buffer()
|
| +is called, the current pointer & count indicate the backtrack restart point.
|
| +Since fill_input_buffer() will set the pointer and count to refer to a new
|
| +buffer, the restart position must be saved somewhere else. Suppose a second
|
| +call to fill_input_buffer() occurs in the same library call, and no
|
| +additional input data is available, so fill_input_buffer must return FALSE.
|
| +If the JPEG library has not moved the pointer/count forward in the current
|
| +buffer, then *the correct restart point is the saved position in the prior
|
| +buffer*. Prior buffers may be discarded only after the library establishes
|
| +a restart point within a later buffer. Similar remarks apply for output into
|
| +a chain of buffers.
|
| +
|
| +The library will never attempt to backtrack over a skip_input_data() call,
|
| +so any skipped data can be permanently discarded. You still have to deal
|
| +with the case of skipping not-yet-received data, however.
|
| +
|
| +It's much simpler to use only a single buffer; when fill_input_buffer() is
|
| +called, move any unconsumed data (beyond the current pointer/count) down to
|
| +the beginning of this buffer and then load new data into the remaining buffer
|
| +space. This approach requires a little more data copying but is far easier
|
| +to get right.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Progressive JPEG support
|
| +------------------------
|
| +
|
| +Progressive JPEG rearranges the stored data into a series of scans of
|
| +increasing quality. In situations where a JPEG file is transmitted across a
|
| +slow communications link, a decoder can generate a low-quality image very
|
| +quickly from the first scan, then gradually improve the displayed quality as
|
| +more scans are received. The final image after all scans are complete is
|
| +identical to that of a regular (sequential) JPEG file of the same quality
|
| +setting. Progressive JPEG files are often slightly smaller than equivalent
|
| +sequential JPEG files, but the possibility of incremental display is the main
|
| +reason for using progressive JPEG.
|
| +
|
| +The IJG encoder library generates progressive JPEG files when given a
|
| +suitable "scan script" defining how to divide the data into scans.
|
| +Creation of progressive JPEG files is otherwise transparent to the encoder.
|
| +Progressive JPEG files can also be read transparently by the decoder library.
|
| +If the decoding application simply uses the library as defined above, it
|
| +will receive a final decoded image without any indication that the file was
|
| +progressive. Of course, this approach does not allow incremental display.
|
| +To perform incremental display, an application needs to use the decoder
|
| +library's "buffered-image" mode, in which it receives a decoded image
|
| +multiple times.
|
| +
|
| +Each displayed scan requires about as much work to decode as a full JPEG
|
| +image of the same size, so the decoder must be fairly fast in relation to the
|
| +data transmission rate in order to make incremental display useful. However,
|
| +it is possible to skip displaying the image and simply add the incoming bits
|
| +to the decoder's coefficient buffer. This is fast because only Huffman
|
| +decoding need be done, not IDCT, upsampling, colorspace conversion, etc.
|
| +The IJG decoder library allows the application to switch dynamically between
|
| +displaying the image and simply absorbing the incoming bits. A properly
|
| +coded application can automatically adapt the number of display passes to
|
| +suit the time available as the image is received. Also, a final
|
| +higher-quality display cycle can be performed from the buffered data after
|
| +the end of the file is reached.
|
| +
|
| +Progressive compression:
|
| +
|
| +To create a progressive JPEG file (or a multiple-scan sequential JPEG file),
|
| +set the scan_info cinfo field to point to an array of scan descriptors, and
|
| +perform compression as usual. Instead of constructing your own scan list,
|
| +you can call the jpeg_simple_progression() helper routine to create a
|
| +recommended progression sequence; this method should be used by all
|
| +applications that don't want to get involved in the nitty-gritty of
|
| +progressive scan sequence design. (If you want to provide user control of
|
| +scan sequences, you may wish to borrow the scan script reading code found
|
| +in rdswitch.c, so that you can read scan script files just like cjpeg's.)
|
| +When scan_info is not NULL, the compression library will store DCT'd data
|
| +into a buffer array as jpeg_write_scanlines() is called, and will emit all
|
| +the requested scans during jpeg_finish_compress(). This implies that
|
| +multiple-scan output cannot be created with a suspending data destination
|
| +manager, since jpeg_finish_compress() does not support suspension. We
|
| +should also note that the compressor currently forces Huffman optimization
|
| +mode when creating a progressive JPEG file, because the default Huffman
|
| +tables are unsuitable for progressive files.
|
| +
|
| +Progressive decompression:
|
| +
|
| +When buffered-image mode is not used, the decoder library will read all of
|
| +a multi-scan file during jpeg_start_decompress(), so that it can provide a
|
| +final decoded image. (Here "multi-scan" means either progressive or
|
| +multi-scan sequential.) This makes multi-scan files transparent to the
|
| +decoding application. However, existing applications that used suspending
|
| +input with version 5 of the IJG library will need to be modified to check
|
| +for a suspension return from jpeg_start_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +To perform incremental display, an application must use the library's
|
| +buffered-image mode. This is described in the next section.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Buffered-image mode
|
| +-------------------
|
| +
|
| +In buffered-image mode, the library stores the partially decoded image in a
|
| +coefficient buffer, from which it can be read out as many times as desired.
|
| +This mode is typically used for incremental display of progressive JPEG files,
|
| +but it can be used with any JPEG file. Each scan of a progressive JPEG file
|
| +adds more data (more detail) to the buffered image. The application can
|
| +display in lockstep with the source file (one display pass per input scan),
|
| +or it can allow input processing to outrun display processing. By making
|
| +input and display processing run independently, it is possible for the
|
| +application to adapt progressive display to a wide range of data transmission
|
| +rates.
|
| +
|
| +The basic control flow for buffered-image decoding is
|
| +
|
| + jpeg_create_decompress()
|
| + set data source
|
| + jpeg_read_header()
|
| + set overall decompression parameters
|
| + cinfo.buffered_image = TRUE; /* select buffered-image mode */
|
| + jpeg_start_decompress()
|
| + for (each output pass) {
|
| + adjust output decompression parameters if required
|
| + jpeg_start_output() /* start a new output pass */
|
| + for (all scanlines in image) {
|
| + jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
| + display scanlines
|
| + }
|
| + jpeg_finish_output() /* terminate output pass */
|
| + }
|
| + jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
| + jpeg_destroy_decompress()
|
| +
|
| +This differs from ordinary unbuffered decoding in that there is an additional
|
| +level of looping. The application can choose how many output passes to make
|
| +and how to display each pass.
|
| +
|
| +The simplest approach to displaying progressive images is to do one display
|
| +pass for each scan appearing in the input file. In this case the outer loop
|
| +condition is typically
|
| + while (! jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo))
|
| +and the start-output call should read
|
| + jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
| +The second parameter to jpeg_start_output() indicates which scan of the input
|
| +file is to be displayed; the scans are numbered starting at 1 for this
|
| +purpose. (You can use a loop counter starting at 1 if you like, but using
|
| +the library's input scan counter is easier.) The library automatically reads
|
| +data as necessary to complete each requested scan, and jpeg_finish_output()
|
| +advances to the next scan or end-of-image marker (hence input_scan_number
|
| +will be incremented by the time control arrives back at jpeg_start_output()).
|
| +With this technique, data is read from the input file only as needed, and
|
| +input and output processing run in lockstep.
|
| +
|
| +After reading the final scan and reaching the end of the input file, the
|
| +buffered image remains available; it can be read additional times by
|
| +repeating the jpeg_start_output()/jpeg_read_scanlines()/jpeg_finish_output()
|
| +sequence. For example, a useful technique is to use fast one-pass color
|
| +quantization for display passes made while the image is arriving, followed by
|
| +a final display pass using two-pass quantization for highest quality. This
|
| +is done by changing the library parameters before the final output pass.
|
| +Changing parameters between passes is discussed in detail below.
|
| +
|
| +In general the last scan of a progressive file cannot be recognized as such
|
| +until after it is read, so a post-input display pass is the best approach if
|
| +you want special processing in the final pass.
|
| +
|
| +When done with the image, be sure to call jpeg_finish_decompress() to release
|
| +the buffered image (or just use jpeg_destroy_decompress()).
|
| +
|
| +If input data arrives faster than it can be displayed, the application can
|
| +cause the library to decode input data in advance of what's needed to produce
|
| +output. This is done by calling the routine jpeg_consume_input().
|
| +The return value is one of the following:
|
| + JPEG_REACHED_SOS: reached an SOS marker (the start of a new scan)
|
| + JPEG_REACHED_EOI: reached the EOI marker (end of image)
|
| + JPEG_ROW_COMPLETED: completed reading one MCU row of compressed data
|
| + JPEG_SCAN_COMPLETED: completed reading last MCU row of current scan
|
| + JPEG_SUSPENDED: suspended before completing any of the above
|
| +(JPEG_SUSPENDED can occur only if a suspending data source is used.) This
|
| +routine can be called at any time after initializing the JPEG object. It
|
| +reads some additional data and returns when one of the indicated significant
|
| +events occurs. (If called after the EOI marker is reached, it will
|
| +immediately return JPEG_REACHED_EOI without attempting to read more data.)
|
| +
|
| +The library's output processing will automatically call jpeg_consume_input()
|
| +whenever the output processing overtakes the input; thus, simple lockstep
|
| +display requires no direct calls to jpeg_consume_input(). But by adding
|
| +calls to jpeg_consume_input(), you can absorb data in advance of what is
|
| +being displayed. This has two benefits:
|
| + * You can limit buildup of unprocessed data in your input buffer.
|
| + * You can eliminate extra display passes by paying attention to the
|
| + state of the library's input processing.
|
| +
|
| +The first of these benefits only requires interspersing calls to
|
| +jpeg_consume_input() with your display operations and any other processing
|
| +you may be doing. To avoid wasting cycles due to backtracking, it's best to
|
| +call jpeg_consume_input() only after a hundred or so new bytes have arrived.
|
| +This is discussed further under "I/O suspension", above. (Note: the JPEG
|
| +library currently is not thread-safe. You must not call jpeg_consume_input()
|
| +from one thread of control if a different library routine is working on the
|
| +same JPEG object in another thread.)
|
| +
|
| +When input arrives fast enough that more than one new scan is available
|
| +before you start a new output pass, you may as well skip the output pass
|
| +corresponding to the completed scan. This occurs for free if you pass
|
| +cinfo.input_scan_number as the target scan number to jpeg_start_output().
|
| +The input_scan_number field is simply the index of the scan currently being
|
| +consumed by the input processor. You can ensure that this is up-to-date by
|
| +emptying the input buffer just before calling jpeg_start_output(): call
|
| +jpeg_consume_input() repeatedly until it returns JPEG_SUSPENDED or
|
| +JPEG_REACHED_EOI.
|
| +
|
| +The target scan number passed to jpeg_start_output() is saved in the
|
| +cinfo.output_scan_number field. The library's output processing calls
|
| +jpeg_consume_input() whenever the current input scan number and row within
|
| +that scan is less than or equal to the current output scan number and row.
|
| +Thus, input processing can "get ahead" of the output processing but is not
|
| +allowed to "fall behind". You can achieve several different effects by
|
| +manipulating this interlock rule. For example, if you pass a target scan
|
| +number greater than the current input scan number, the output processor will
|
| +wait until that scan starts to arrive before producing any output. (To avoid
|
| +an infinite loop, the target scan number is automatically reset to the last
|
| +scan number when the end of image is reached. Thus, if you specify a large
|
| +target scan number, the library will just absorb the entire input file and
|
| +then perform an output pass. This is effectively the same as what
|
| +jpeg_start_decompress() does when you don't select buffered-image mode.)
|
| +When you pass a target scan number equal to the current input scan number,
|
| +the image is displayed no faster than the current input scan arrives. The
|
| +final possibility is to pass a target scan number less than the current input
|
| +scan number; this disables the input/output interlock and causes the output
|
| +processor to simply display whatever it finds in the image buffer, without
|
| +waiting for input. (However, the library will not accept a target scan
|
| +number less than one, so you can't avoid waiting for the first scan.)
|
| +
|
| +When data is arriving faster than the output display processing can advance
|
| +through the image, jpeg_consume_input() will store data into the buffered
|
| +image beyond the point at which the output processing is reading data out
|
| +again. If the input arrives fast enough, it may "wrap around" the buffer to
|
| +the point where the input is more than one whole scan ahead of the output.
|
| +If the output processing simply proceeds through its display pass without
|
| +paying attention to the input, the effect seen on-screen is that the lower
|
| +part of the image is one or more scans better in quality than the upper part.
|
| +Then, when the next output scan is started, you have a choice of what target
|
| +scan number to use. The recommended choice is to use the current input scan
|
| +number at that time, which implies that you've skipped the output scans
|
| +corresponding to the input scans that were completed while you processed the
|
| +previous output scan. In this way, the decoder automatically adapts its
|
| +speed to the arriving data, by skipping output scans as necessary to keep up
|
| +with the arriving data.
|
| +
|
| +When using this strategy, you'll want to be sure that you perform a final
|
| +output pass after receiving all the data; otherwise your last display may not
|
| +be full quality across the whole screen. So the right outer loop logic is
|
| +something like this:
|
| + do {
|
| + absorb any waiting input by calling jpeg_consume_input()
|
| + final_pass = jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo);
|
| + adjust output decompression parameters if required
|
| + jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
| + ...
|
| + jpeg_finish_output()
|
| + } while (! final_pass);
|
| +rather than quitting as soon as jpeg_input_complete() returns TRUE. This
|
| +arrangement makes it simple to use higher-quality decoding parameters
|
| +for the final pass. But if you don't want to use special parameters for
|
| +the final pass, the right loop logic is like this:
|
| + for (;;) {
|
| + absorb any waiting input by calling jpeg_consume_input()
|
| + jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
| + ...
|
| + jpeg_finish_output()
|
| + if (jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo) &&
|
| + cinfo.input_scan_number == cinfo.output_scan_number)
|
| + break;
|
| + }
|
| +In this case you don't need to know in advance whether an output pass is to
|
| +be the last one, so it's not necessary to have reached EOF before starting
|
| +the final output pass; rather, what you want to test is whether the output
|
| +pass was performed in sync with the final input scan. This form of the loop
|
| +will avoid an extra output pass whenever the decoder is able (or nearly able)
|
| +to keep up with the incoming data.
|
| +
|
| +When the data transmission speed is high, you might begin a display pass,
|
| +then find that much or all of the file has arrived before you can complete
|
| +the pass. (You can detect this by noting the JPEG_REACHED_EOI return code
|
| +from jpeg_consume_input(), or equivalently by testing jpeg_input_complete().)
|
| +In this situation you may wish to abort the current display pass and start a
|
| +new one using the newly arrived information. To do so, just call
|
| +jpeg_finish_output() and then start a new pass with jpeg_start_output().
|
| +
|
| +A variant strategy is to abort and restart display if more than one complete
|
| +scan arrives during an output pass; this can be detected by noting
|
| +JPEG_REACHED_SOS returns and/or examining cinfo.input_scan_number. This
|
| +idea should be employed with caution, however, since the display process
|
| +might never get to the bottom of the image before being aborted, resulting
|
| +in the lower part of the screen being several passes worse than the upper.
|
| +In most cases it's probably best to abort an output pass only if the whole
|
| +file has arrived and you want to begin the final output pass immediately.
|
| +
|
| +When receiving data across a communication link, we recommend always using
|
| +the current input scan number for the output target scan number; if a
|
| +higher-quality final pass is to be done, it should be started (aborting any
|
| +incomplete output pass) as soon as the end of file is received. However,
|
| +many other strategies are possible. For example, the application can examine
|
| +the parameters of the current input scan and decide whether to display it or
|
| +not. If the scan contains only chroma data, one might choose not to use it
|
| +as the target scan, expecting that the scan will be small and will arrive
|
| +quickly. To skip to the next scan, call jpeg_consume_input() until it
|
| +returns JPEG_REACHED_SOS or JPEG_REACHED_EOI. Or just use the next higher
|
| +number as the target scan for jpeg_start_output(); but that method doesn't
|
| +let you inspect the next scan's parameters before deciding to display it.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +In buffered-image mode, jpeg_start_decompress() never performs input and
|
| +thus never suspends. An application that uses input suspension with
|
| +buffered-image mode must be prepared for suspension returns from these
|
| +routines:
|
| +* jpeg_start_output() performs input only if you request 2-pass quantization
|
| + and the target scan isn't fully read yet. (This is discussed below.)
|
| +* jpeg_read_scanlines(), as always, returns the number of scanlines that it
|
| + was able to produce before suspending.
|
| +* jpeg_finish_output() will read any markers following the target scan,
|
| + up to the end of the file or the SOS marker that begins another scan.
|
| + (But it reads no input if jpeg_consume_input() has already reached the
|
| + end of the file or a SOS marker beyond the target output scan.)
|
| +* jpeg_finish_decompress() will read until the end of file, and thus can
|
| + suspend if the end hasn't already been reached (as can be tested by
|
| + calling jpeg_input_complete()).
|
| +jpeg_start_output(), jpeg_finish_output(), and jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
| +all return TRUE if they completed their tasks, FALSE if they had to suspend.
|
| +In the event of a FALSE return, the application must load more input data
|
| +and repeat the call. Applications that use non-suspending data sources need
|
| +not check the return values of these three routines.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +It is possible to change decoding parameters between output passes in the
|
| +buffered-image mode. The decoder library currently supports only very
|
| +limited changes of parameters. ONLY THE FOLLOWING parameter changes are
|
| +allowed after jpeg_start_decompress() is called:
|
| +* dct_method can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output().
|
| + For example, one could use a fast DCT method for early scans, changing
|
| + to a higher quality method for the final scan.
|
| +* dither_mode can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output();
|
| + of course this has no impact if not using color quantization. Typically
|
| + one would use ordered dither for initial passes, then switch to
|
| + Floyd-Steinberg dither for the final pass. Caution: changing dither mode
|
| + can cause more memory to be allocated by the library. Although the amount
|
| + of memory involved is not large (a scanline or so), it may cause the
|
| + initial max_memory_to_use specification to be exceeded, which in the worst
|
| + case would result in an out-of-memory failure.
|
| +* do_block_smoothing can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output().
|
| + This setting is relevant only when decoding a progressive JPEG image.
|
| + During the first DC-only scan, block smoothing provides a very "fuzzy" look
|
| + instead of the very "blocky" look seen without it; which is better seems a
|
| + matter of personal taste. But block smoothing is nearly always a win
|
| + during later stages, especially when decoding a successive-approximation
|
| + image: smoothing helps to hide the slight blockiness that otherwise shows
|
| + up on smooth gradients until the lowest coefficient bits are sent.
|
| +* Color quantization mode can be changed under the rules described below.
|
| + You *cannot* change between full-color and quantized output (because that
|
| + would alter the required I/O buffer sizes), but you can change which
|
| + quantization method is used.
|
| +
|
| +When generating color-quantized output, changing quantization method is a
|
| +very useful way of switching between high-speed and high-quality display.
|
| +The library allows you to change among its three quantization methods:
|
| +1. Single-pass quantization to a fixed color cube.
|
| + Selected by cinfo.two_pass_quantize = FALSE and cinfo.colormap = NULL.
|
| +2. Single-pass quantization to an application-supplied colormap.
|
| + Selected by setting cinfo.colormap to point to the colormap (the value of
|
| + two_pass_quantize is ignored); also set cinfo.actual_number_of_colors.
|
| +3. Two-pass quantization to a colormap chosen specifically for the image.
|
| + Selected by cinfo.two_pass_quantize = TRUE and cinfo.colormap = NULL.
|
| + (This is the default setting selected by jpeg_read_header, but it is
|
| + probably NOT what you want for the first pass of progressive display!)
|
| +These methods offer successively better quality and lesser speed. However,
|
| +only the first method is available for quantizing in non-RGB color spaces.
|
| +
|
| +IMPORTANT: because the different quantizer methods have very different
|
| +working-storage requirements, the library requires you to indicate which
|
| +one(s) you intend to use before you call jpeg_start_decompress(). (If we did
|
| +not require this, the max_memory_to_use setting would be a complete fiction.)
|
| +You do this by setting one or more of these three cinfo fields to TRUE:
|
| + enable_1pass_quant Fixed color cube colormap
|
| + enable_external_quant Externally-supplied colormap
|
| + enable_2pass_quant Two-pass custom colormap
|
| +All three are initialized FALSE by jpeg_read_header(). But
|
| +jpeg_start_decompress() automatically sets TRUE the one selected by the
|
| +current two_pass_quantize and colormap settings, so you only need to set the
|
| +enable flags for any other quantization methods you plan to change to later.
|
| +
|
| +After setting the enable flags correctly at jpeg_start_decompress() time, you
|
| +can change to any enabled quantization method by setting two_pass_quantize
|
| +and colormap properly just before calling jpeg_start_output(). The following
|
| +special rules apply:
|
| +1. You must explicitly set cinfo.colormap to NULL when switching to 1-pass
|
| + or 2-pass mode from a different mode, or when you want the 2-pass
|
| + quantizer to be re-run to generate a new colormap.
|
| +2. To switch to an external colormap, or to change to a different external
|
| + colormap than was used on the prior pass, you must call
|
| + jpeg_new_colormap() after setting cinfo.colormap.
|
| +NOTE: if you want to use the same colormap as was used in the prior pass,
|
| +you should not do either of these things. This will save some nontrivial
|
| +switchover costs.
|
| +(These requirements exist because cinfo.colormap will always be non-NULL
|
| +after completing a prior output pass, since both the 1-pass and 2-pass
|
| +quantizers set it to point to their output colormaps. Thus you have to
|
| +do one of these two things to notify the library that something has changed.
|
| +Yup, it's a bit klugy, but it's necessary to do it this way for backwards
|
| +compatibility.)
|
| +
|
| +Note that in buffered-image mode, the library generates any requested colormap
|
| +during jpeg_start_output(), not during jpeg_start_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +When using two-pass quantization, jpeg_start_output() makes a pass over the
|
| +buffered image to determine the optimum color map; it therefore may take a
|
| +significant amount of time, whereas ordinarily it does little work. The
|
| +progress monitor hook is called during this pass, if defined. It is also
|
| +important to realize that if the specified target scan number is greater than
|
| +or equal to the current input scan number, jpeg_start_output() will attempt
|
| +to consume input as it makes this pass. If you use a suspending data source,
|
| +you need to check for a FALSE return from jpeg_start_output() under these
|
| +conditions. The combination of 2-pass quantization and a not-yet-fully-read
|
| +target scan is the only case in which jpeg_start_output() will consume input.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Application authors who support buffered-image mode may be tempted to use it
|
| +for all JPEG images, even single-scan ones. This will work, but it is
|
| +inefficient: there is no need to create an image-sized coefficient buffer for
|
| +single-scan images. Requesting buffered-image mode for such an image wastes
|
| +memory. Worse, it can cost time on large images, since the buffered data has
|
| +to be swapped out or written to a temporary file. If you are concerned about
|
| +maximum performance on baseline JPEG files, you should use buffered-image
|
| +mode only when the incoming file actually has multiple scans. This can be
|
| +tested by calling jpeg_has_multiple_scans(), which will return a correct
|
| +result at any time after jpeg_read_header() completes.
|
| +
|
| +It is also worth noting that when you use jpeg_consume_input() to let input
|
| +processing get ahead of output processing, the resulting pattern of access to
|
| +the coefficient buffer is quite nonsequential. It's best to use the memory
|
| +manager jmemnobs.c if you can (ie, if you have enough real or virtual main
|
| +memory). If not, at least make sure that max_memory_to_use is set as high as
|
| +possible. If the JPEG memory manager has to use a temporary file, you will
|
| +probably see a lot of disk traffic and poor performance. (This could be
|
| +improved with additional work on the memory manager, but we haven't gotten
|
| +around to it yet.)
|
| +
|
| +In some applications it may be convenient to use jpeg_consume_input() for all
|
| +input processing, including reading the initial markers; that is, you may
|
| +wish to call jpeg_consume_input() instead of jpeg_read_header() during
|
| +startup. This works, but note that you must check for JPEG_REACHED_SOS and
|
| +JPEG_REACHED_EOI return codes as the equivalent of jpeg_read_header's codes.
|
| +Once the first SOS marker has been reached, you must call
|
| +jpeg_start_decompress() before jpeg_consume_input() will consume more input;
|
| +it'll just keep returning JPEG_REACHED_SOS until you do. If you read a
|
| +tables-only file this way, jpeg_consume_input() will return JPEG_REACHED_EOI
|
| +without ever returning JPEG_REACHED_SOS; be sure to check for this case.
|
| +If this happens, the decompressor will not read any more input until you call
|
| +jpeg_abort() to reset it. It is OK to call jpeg_consume_input() even when not
|
| +using buffered-image mode, but in that case it's basically a no-op after the
|
| +initial markers have been read: it will just return JPEG_SUSPENDED.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Abbreviated datastreams and multiple images
|
| +-------------------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +A JPEG compression or decompression object can be reused to process multiple
|
| +images. This saves a small amount of time per image by eliminating the
|
| +"create" and "destroy" operations, but that isn't the real purpose of the
|
| +feature. Rather, reuse of an object provides support for abbreviated JPEG
|
| +datastreams. Object reuse can also simplify processing a series of images in
|
| +a single input or output file. This section explains these features.
|
| +
|
| +A JPEG file normally contains several hundred bytes worth of quantization
|
| +and Huffman tables. In a situation where many images will be stored or
|
| +transmitted with identical tables, this may represent an annoying overhead.
|
| +The JPEG standard therefore permits tables to be omitted. The standard
|
| +defines three classes of JPEG datastreams:
|
| + * "Interchange" datastreams contain an image and all tables needed to decode
|
| + the image. These are the usual kind of JPEG file.
|
| + * "Abbreviated image" datastreams contain an image, but are missing some or
|
| + all of the tables needed to decode that image.
|
| + * "Abbreviated table specification" (henceforth "tables-only") datastreams
|
| + contain only table specifications.
|
| +To decode an abbreviated image, it is necessary to load the missing table(s)
|
| +into the decoder beforehand. This can be accomplished by reading a separate
|
| +tables-only file. A variant scheme uses a series of images in which the first
|
| +image is an interchange (complete) datastream, while subsequent ones are
|
| +abbreviated and rely on the tables loaded by the first image. It is assumed
|
| +that once the decoder has read a table, it will remember that table until a
|
| +new definition for the same table number is encountered.
|
| +
|
| +It is the application designer's responsibility to figure out how to associate
|
| +the correct tables with an abbreviated image. While abbreviated datastreams
|
| +can be useful in a closed environment, their use is strongly discouraged in
|
| +any situation where data exchange with other applications might be needed.
|
| +Caveat designer.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library provides support for reading and writing any combination of
|
| +tables-only datastreams and abbreviated images. In both compression and
|
| +decompression objects, a quantization or Huffman table will be retained for
|
| +the lifetime of the object, unless it is overwritten by a new table definition.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +To create abbreviated image datastreams, it is only necessary to tell the
|
| +compressor not to emit some or all of the tables it is using. Each
|
| +quantization and Huffman table struct contains a boolean field "sent_table",
|
| +which normally is initialized to FALSE. For each table used by the image, the
|
| +header-writing process emits the table and sets sent_table = TRUE unless it is
|
| +already TRUE. (In normal usage, this prevents outputting the same table
|
| +definition multiple times, as would otherwise occur because the chroma
|
| +components typically share tables.) Thus, setting this field to TRUE before
|
| +calling jpeg_start_compress() will prevent the table from being written at
|
| +all.
|
| +
|
| +If you want to create a "pure" abbreviated image file containing no tables,
|
| +just call "jpeg_suppress_tables(&cinfo, TRUE)" after constructing all the
|
| +tables. If you want to emit some but not all tables, you'll need to set the
|
| +individual sent_table fields directly.
|
| +
|
| +To create an abbreviated image, you must also call jpeg_start_compress()
|
| +with a second parameter of FALSE, not TRUE. Otherwise jpeg_start_compress()
|
| +will force all the sent_table fields to FALSE. (This is a safety feature to
|
| +prevent abbreviated images from being created accidentally.)
|
| +
|
| +To create a tables-only file, perform the same parameter setup that you
|
| +normally would, but instead of calling jpeg_start_compress() and so on, call
|
| +jpeg_write_tables(&cinfo). This will write an abbreviated datastream
|
| +containing only SOI, DQT and/or DHT markers, and EOI. All the quantization
|
| +and Huffman tables that are currently defined in the compression object will
|
| +be emitted unless their sent_tables flag is already TRUE, and then all the
|
| +sent_tables flags will be set TRUE.
|
| +
|
| +A sure-fire way to create matching tables-only and abbreviated image files
|
| +is to proceed as follows:
|
| +
|
| + create JPEG compression object
|
| + set JPEG parameters
|
| + set destination to tables-only file
|
| + jpeg_write_tables(&cinfo);
|
| + set destination to image file
|
| + jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, FALSE);
|
| + write data...
|
| + jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +Since the JPEG parameters are not altered between writing the table file and
|
| +the abbreviated image file, the same tables are sure to be used. Of course,
|
| +you can repeat the jpeg_start_compress() ... jpeg_finish_compress() sequence
|
| +many times to produce many abbreviated image files matching the table file.
|
| +
|
| +You cannot suppress output of the computed Huffman tables when Huffman
|
| +optimization is selected. (If you could, there'd be no way to decode the
|
| +image...) Generally, you don't want to set optimize_coding = TRUE when
|
| +you are trying to produce abbreviated files.
|
| +
|
| +In some cases you might want to compress an image using tables which are
|
| +not stored in the application, but are defined in an interchange or
|
| +tables-only file readable by the application. This can be done by setting up
|
| +a JPEG decompression object to read the specification file, then copying the
|
| +tables into your compression object. See jpeg_copy_critical_parameters()
|
| +for an example of copying quantization tables.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +To read abbreviated image files, you simply need to load the proper tables
|
| +into the decompression object before trying to read the abbreviated image.
|
| +If the proper tables are stored in the application program, you can just
|
| +allocate the table structs and fill in their contents directly. For example,
|
| +to load a fixed quantization table into table slot "n":
|
| +
|
| + if (cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] == NULL)
|
| + cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] = jpeg_alloc_quant_table((j_common_ptr) &cinfo);
|
| + quant_ptr = cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n]; /* quant_ptr is JQUANT_TBL* */
|
| + for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
|
| + /* Qtable[] is desired quantization table, in natural array order */
|
| + quant_ptr->quantval[i] = Qtable[i];
|
| + }
|
| +
|
| +Code to load a fixed Huffman table is typically (for AC table "n"):
|
| +
|
| + if (cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n] == NULL)
|
| + cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n] = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) &cinfo);
|
| + huff_ptr = cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n]; /* huff_ptr is JHUFF_TBL* */
|
| + for (i = 1; i <= 16; i++) {
|
| + /* counts[i] is number of Huffman codes of length i bits, i=1..16 */
|
| + huff_ptr->bits[i] = counts[i];
|
| + }
|
| + for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
|
| + /* symbols[] is the list of Huffman symbols, in code-length order */
|
| + huff_ptr->huffval[i] = symbols[i];
|
| + }
|
| +
|
| +(Note that trying to set cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] to point directly at a
|
| +constant JQUANT_TBL object is not safe. If the incoming file happened to
|
| +contain a quantization table definition, your master table would get
|
| +overwritten! Instead allocate a working table copy and copy the master table
|
| +into it, as illustrated above. Ditto for Huffman tables, of course.)
|
| +
|
| +You might want to read the tables from a tables-only file, rather than
|
| +hard-wiring them into your application. The jpeg_read_header() call is
|
| +sufficient to read a tables-only file. You must pass a second parameter of
|
| +FALSE to indicate that you do not require an image to be present. Thus, the
|
| +typical scenario is
|
| +
|
| + create JPEG decompression object
|
| + set source to tables-only file
|
| + jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, FALSE);
|
| + set source to abbreviated image file
|
| + jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
| + set decompression parameters
|
| + jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| + read data...
|
| + jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
|
| +
|
| +In some cases, you may want to read a file without knowing whether it contains
|
| +an image or just tables. In that case, pass FALSE and check the return value
|
| +from jpeg_read_header(): it will be JPEG_HEADER_OK if an image was found,
|
| +JPEG_HEADER_TABLES_ONLY if only tables were found. (A third return value,
|
| +JPEG_SUSPENDED, is possible when using a suspending data source manager.)
|
| +Note that jpeg_read_header() will not complain if you read an abbreviated
|
| +image for which you haven't loaded the missing tables; the missing-table check
|
| +occurs later, in jpeg_start_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +It is possible to read a series of images from a single source file by
|
| +repeating the jpeg_read_header() ... jpeg_finish_decompress() sequence,
|
| +without releasing/recreating the JPEG object or the data source module.
|
| +(If you did reinitialize, any partial bufferload left in the data source
|
| +buffer at the end of one image would be discarded, causing you to lose the
|
| +start of the next image.) When you use this method, stored tables are
|
| +automatically carried forward, so some of the images can be abbreviated images
|
| +that depend on tables from earlier images.
|
| +
|
| +If you intend to write a series of images into a single destination file,
|
| +you might want to make a specialized data destination module that doesn't
|
| +flush the output buffer at term_destination() time. This would speed things
|
| +up by some trifling amount. Of course, you'd need to remember to flush the
|
| +buffer after the last image. You can make the later images be abbreviated
|
| +ones by passing FALSE to jpeg_start_compress().
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Special markers
|
| +---------------
|
| +
|
| +Some applications may need to insert or extract special data in the JPEG
|
| +datastream. The JPEG standard provides marker types "COM" (comment) and
|
| +"APP0" through "APP15" (application) to hold application-specific data.
|
| +Unfortunately, the use of these markers is not specified by the standard.
|
| +COM markers are fairly widely used to hold user-supplied text. The JFIF file
|
| +format spec uses APP0 markers with specified initial strings to hold certain
|
| +data. Adobe applications use APP14 markers beginning with the string "Adobe"
|
| +for miscellaneous data. Other APPn markers are rarely seen, but might
|
| +contain almost anything.
|
| +
|
| +If you wish to store user-supplied text, we recommend you use COM markers
|
| +and place readable 7-bit ASCII text in them. Newline conventions are not
|
| +standardized --- expect to find LF (Unix style), CR/LF (DOS style), or CR
|
| +(Mac style). A robust COM reader should be able to cope with random binary
|
| +garbage, including nulls, since some applications generate COM markers
|
| +containing non-ASCII junk. (But yours should not be one of them.)
|
| +
|
| +For program-supplied data, use an APPn marker, and be sure to begin it with an
|
| +identifying string so that you can tell whether the marker is actually yours.
|
| +It's probably best to avoid using APP0 or APP14 for any private markers.
|
| +(NOTE: the upcoming SPIFF standard will use APP8 markers; we recommend you
|
| +not use APP8 markers for any private purposes, either.)
|
| +
|
| +Keep in mind that at most 65533 bytes can be put into one marker, but you
|
| +can have as many markers as you like.
|
| +
|
| +By default, the IJG compression library will write a JFIF APP0 marker if the
|
| +selected JPEG colorspace is grayscale or YCbCr, or an Adobe APP14 marker if
|
| +the selected colorspace is RGB, CMYK, or YCCK. You can disable this, but
|
| +we don't recommend it. The decompression library will recognize JFIF and
|
| +Adobe markers and will set the JPEG colorspace properly when one is found.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +You can write special markers immediately following the datastream header by
|
| +calling jpeg_write_marker() after jpeg_start_compress() and before the first
|
| +call to jpeg_write_scanlines(). When you do this, the markers appear after
|
| +the SOI and the JFIF APP0 and Adobe APP14 markers (if written), but before
|
| +all else. Specify the marker type parameter as "JPEG_COM" for COM or
|
| +"JPEG_APP0 + n" for APPn. (Actually, jpeg_write_marker will let you write
|
| +any marker type, but we don't recommend writing any other kinds of marker.)
|
| +For example, to write a user comment string pointed to by comment_text:
|
| + jpeg_write_marker(cinfo, JPEG_COM, comment_text, strlen(comment_text));
|
| +
|
| +If it's not convenient to store all the marker data in memory at once,
|
| +you can instead call jpeg_write_m_header() followed by multiple calls to
|
| +jpeg_write_m_byte(). If you do it this way, it's your responsibility to
|
| +call jpeg_write_m_byte() exactly the number of times given in the length
|
| +parameter to jpeg_write_m_header(). (This method lets you empty the
|
| +output buffer partway through a marker, which might be important when
|
| +using a suspending data destination module. In any case, if you are using
|
| +a suspending destination, you should flush its buffer after inserting
|
| +any special markers. See "I/O suspension".)
|
| +
|
| +Or, if you prefer to synthesize the marker byte sequence yourself,
|
| +you can just cram it straight into the data destination module.
|
| +
|
| +If you are writing JFIF 1.02 extension markers (thumbnail images), don't
|
| +forget to set cinfo.JFIF_minor_version = 2 so that the encoder will write the
|
| +correct JFIF version number in the JFIF header marker. The library's default
|
| +is to write version 1.01, but that's wrong if you insert any 1.02 extension
|
| +markers. (We could probably get away with just defaulting to 1.02, but there
|
| +used to be broken decoders that would complain about unknown minor version
|
| +numbers. To reduce compatibility risks it's safest not to write 1.02 unless
|
| +you are actually using 1.02 extensions.)
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +When reading, two methods of handling special markers are available:
|
| +1. You can ask the library to save the contents of COM and/or APPn markers
|
| +into memory, and then examine them at your leisure afterwards.
|
| +2. You can supply your own routine to process COM and/or APPn markers
|
| +on-the-fly as they are read.
|
| +The first method is simpler to use, especially if you are using a suspending
|
| +data source; writing a marker processor that copes with input suspension is
|
| +not easy (consider what happens if the marker is longer than your available
|
| +input buffer). However, the second method conserves memory since the marker
|
| +data need not be kept around after it's been processed.
|
| +
|
| +For either method, you'd normally set up marker handling after creating a
|
| +decompression object and before calling jpeg_read_header(), because the
|
| +markers of interest will typically be near the head of the file and so will
|
| +be scanned by jpeg_read_header. Once you've established a marker handling
|
| +method, it will be used for the life of that decompression object
|
| +(potentially many datastreams), unless you change it. Marker handling is
|
| +determined separately for COM markers and for each APPn marker code.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +To save the contents of special markers in memory, call
|
| + jpeg_save_markers(cinfo, marker_code, length_limit)
|
| +where marker_code is the marker type to save, JPEG_COM or JPEG_APP0+n.
|
| +(To arrange to save all the special marker types, you need to call this
|
| +routine 17 times, for COM and APP0-APP15.) If the incoming marker is longer
|
| +than length_limit data bytes, only length_limit bytes will be saved; this
|
| +parameter allows you to avoid chewing up memory when you only need to see the
|
| +first few bytes of a potentially large marker. If you want to save all the
|
| +data, set length_limit to 0xFFFF; that is enough since marker lengths are only
|
| +16 bits. As a special case, setting length_limit to 0 prevents that marker
|
| +type from being saved at all. (That is the default behavior, in fact.)
|
| +
|
| +After jpeg_read_header() completes, you can examine the special markers by
|
| +following the cinfo->marker_list pointer chain. All the special markers in
|
| +the file appear in this list, in order of their occurrence in the file (but
|
| +omitting any markers of types you didn't ask for). Both the original data
|
| +length and the saved data length are recorded for each list entry; the latter
|
| +will not exceed length_limit for the particular marker type. Note that these
|
| +lengths exclude the marker length word, whereas the stored representation
|
| +within the JPEG file includes it. (Hence the maximum data length is really
|
| +only 65533.)
|
| +
|
| +It is possible that additional special markers appear in the file beyond the
|
| +SOS marker at which jpeg_read_header stops; if so, the marker list will be
|
| +extended during reading of the rest of the file. This is not expected to be
|
| +common, however. If you are short on memory you may want to reset the length
|
| +limit to zero for all marker types after finishing jpeg_read_header, to
|
| +ensure that the max_memory_to_use setting cannot be exceeded due to addition
|
| +of later markers.
|
| +
|
| +The marker list remains stored until you call jpeg_finish_decompress or
|
| +jpeg_abort, at which point the memory is freed and the list is set to empty.
|
| +(jpeg_destroy also releases the storage, of course.)
|
| +
|
| +Note that the library is internally interested in APP0 and APP14 markers;
|
| +if you try to set a small nonzero length limit on these types, the library
|
| +will silently force the length up to the minimum it wants. (But you can set
|
| +a zero length limit to prevent them from being saved at all.) Also, in a
|
| +16-bit environment, the maximum length limit may be constrained to less than
|
| +65533 by malloc() limitations. It is therefore best not to assume that the
|
| +effective length limit is exactly what you set it to be.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +If you want to supply your own marker-reading routine, you do it by calling
|
| +jpeg_set_marker_processor(). A marker processor routine must have the
|
| +signature
|
| + boolean jpeg_marker_parser_method (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
| +Although the marker code is not explicitly passed, the routine can find it
|
| +in cinfo->unread_marker. At the time of call, the marker proper has been
|
| +read from the data source module. The processor routine is responsible for
|
| +reading the marker length word and the remaining parameter bytes, if any.
|
| +Return TRUE to indicate success. (FALSE should be returned only if you are
|
| +using a suspending data source and it tells you to suspend. See the standard
|
| +marker processors in jdmarker.c for appropriate coding methods if you need to
|
| +use a suspending data source.)
|
| +
|
| +If you override the default APP0 or APP14 processors, it is up to you to
|
| +recognize JFIF and Adobe markers if you want colorspace recognition to occur
|
| +properly. We recommend copying and extending the default processors if you
|
| +want to do that. (A better idea is to save these marker types for later
|
| +examination by calling jpeg_save_markers(); that method doesn't interfere
|
| +with the library's own processing of these markers.)
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_set_marker_processor() and jpeg_save_markers() are mutually exclusive
|
| +--- if you call one it overrides any previous call to the other, for the
|
| +particular marker type specified.
|
| +
|
| +A simple example of an external COM processor can be found in djpeg.c.
|
| +Also, see jpegtran.c for an example of using jpeg_save_markers.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Raw (downsampled) image data
|
| +----------------------------
|
| +
|
| +Some applications need to supply already-downsampled image data to the JPEG
|
| +compressor, or to receive raw downsampled data from the decompressor. The
|
| +library supports this requirement by allowing the application to write or
|
| +read raw data, bypassing the normal preprocessing or postprocessing steps.
|
| +The interface is different from the standard one and is somewhat harder to
|
| +use. If your interest is merely in bypassing color conversion, we recommend
|
| +that you use the standard interface and simply set jpeg_color_space =
|
| +in_color_space (or jpeg_color_space = out_color_space for decompression).
|
| +The mechanism described in this section is necessary only to supply or
|
| +receive downsampled image data, in which not all components have the same
|
| +dimensions.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +To compress raw data, you must supply the data in the colorspace to be used
|
| +in the JPEG file (please read the earlier section on Special color spaces)
|
| +and downsampled to the sampling factors specified in the JPEG parameters.
|
| +You must supply the data in the format used internally by the JPEG library,
|
| +namely a JSAMPIMAGE array. This is an array of pointers to two-dimensional
|
| +arrays, each of type JSAMPARRAY. Each 2-D array holds the values for one
|
| +color component. This structure is necessary since the components are of
|
| +different sizes. If the image dimensions are not a multiple of the MCU size,
|
| +you must also pad the data correctly (usually, this is done by replicating
|
| +the last column and/or row). The data must be padded to a multiple of a DCT
|
| +block in each component: that is, each downsampled row must contain a
|
| +multiple of 8 valid samples, and there must be a multiple of 8 sample rows
|
| +for each component. (For applications such as conversion of digital TV
|
| +images, the standard image size is usually a multiple of the DCT block size,
|
| +so that no padding need actually be done.)
|
| +
|
| +The procedure for compression of raw data is basically the same as normal
|
| +compression, except that you call jpeg_write_raw_data() in place of
|
| +jpeg_write_scanlines(). Before calling jpeg_start_compress(), you must do
|
| +the following:
|
| + * Set cinfo->raw_data_in to TRUE. (It is set FALSE by jpeg_set_defaults().)
|
| + This notifies the library that you will be supplying raw data.
|
| + * Ensure jpeg_color_space is correct --- an explicit jpeg_set_colorspace()
|
| + call is a good idea. Note that since color conversion is bypassed,
|
| + in_color_space is ignored, except that jpeg_set_defaults() uses it to
|
| + choose the default jpeg_color_space setting.
|
| + * Ensure the sampling factors, cinfo->comp_info[i].h_samp_factor and
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor, are correct. Since these indicate the
|
| + dimensions of the data you are supplying, it's wise to set them
|
| + explicitly, rather than assuming the library's defaults are what you want.
|
| +
|
| +To pass raw data to the library, call jpeg_write_raw_data() in place of
|
| +jpeg_write_scanlines(). The two routines work similarly except that
|
| +jpeg_write_raw_data takes a JSAMPIMAGE data array rather than JSAMPARRAY.
|
| +The scanlines count passed to and returned from jpeg_write_raw_data is
|
| +measured in terms of the component with the largest v_samp_factor.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_write_raw_data() processes one MCU row per call, which is to say
|
| +v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE sample rows of each component. The passed num_lines
|
| +value must be at least max_v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE, and the return value will
|
| +be exactly that amount (or possibly some multiple of that amount, in future
|
| +library versions). This is true even on the last call at the bottom of the
|
| +image; don't forget to pad your data as necessary.
|
| +
|
| +The required dimensions of the supplied data can be computed for each
|
| +component as
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[i].width_in_blocks*DCTSIZE samples per row
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[i].height_in_blocks*DCTSIZE rows in image
|
| +after jpeg_start_compress() has initialized those fields. If the valid data
|
| +is smaller than this, it must be padded appropriately. For some sampling
|
| +factors and image sizes, additional dummy DCT blocks are inserted to make
|
| +the image a multiple of the MCU dimensions. The library creates such dummy
|
| +blocks itself; it does not read them from your supplied data. Therefore you
|
| +need never pad by more than DCTSIZE samples. An example may help here.
|
| +Assume 2h2v downsampling of YCbCr data, that is
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2 for Y
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1 for Cb
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1 for Cr
|
| + cinfo->comp_info[2].v_samp_factor = 1
|
| +and suppose that the nominal image dimensions (cinfo->image_width and
|
| +cinfo->image_height) are 101x101 pixels. Then jpeg_start_compress() will
|
| +compute downsampled_width = 101 and width_in_blocks = 13 for Y,
|
| +downsampled_width = 51 and width_in_blocks = 7 for Cb and Cr (and the same
|
| +for the height fields). You must pad the Y data to at least 13*8 = 104
|
| +columns and rows, the Cb/Cr data to at least 7*8 = 56 columns and rows. The
|
| +MCU height is max_v_samp_factor = 2 DCT rows so you must pass at least 16
|
| +scanlines on each call to jpeg_write_raw_data(), which is to say 16 actual
|
| +sample rows of Y and 8 each of Cb and Cr. A total of 7 MCU rows are needed,
|
| +so you must pass a total of 7*16 = 112 "scanlines". The last DCT block row
|
| +of Y data is dummy, so it doesn't matter what you pass for it in the data
|
| +arrays, but the scanlines count must total up to 112 so that all of the Cb
|
| +and Cr data gets passed.
|
| +
|
| +Output suspension is supported with raw-data compression: if the data
|
| +destination module suspends, jpeg_write_raw_data() will return 0.
|
| +In this case the same data rows must be passed again on the next call.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Decompression with raw data output implies bypassing all postprocessing:
|
| +you cannot ask for rescaling or color quantization, for instance. More
|
| +seriously, you must deal with the color space and sampling factors present in
|
| +the incoming file. If your application only handles, say, 2h1v YCbCr data,
|
| +you must check for and fail on other color spaces or other sampling factors.
|
| +The library will not convert to a different color space for you.
|
| +
|
| +To obtain raw data output, set cinfo->raw_data_out = TRUE before
|
| +jpeg_start_decompress() (it is set FALSE by jpeg_read_header()). Be sure to
|
| +verify that the color space and sampling factors are ones you can handle.
|
| +Then call jpeg_read_raw_data() in place of jpeg_read_scanlines(). The
|
| +decompression process is otherwise the same as usual.
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_read_raw_data() returns one MCU row per call, and thus you must pass a
|
| +buffer of at least max_v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE scanlines (scanline counting is
|
| +the same as for raw-data compression). The buffer you pass must be large
|
| +enough to hold the actual data plus padding to DCT-block boundaries. As with
|
| +compression, any entirely dummy DCT blocks are not processed so you need not
|
| +allocate space for them, but the total scanline count includes them. The
|
| +above example of computing buffer dimensions for raw-data compression is
|
| +equally valid for decompression.
|
| +
|
| +Input suspension is supported with raw-data decompression: if the data source
|
| +module suspends, jpeg_read_raw_data() will return 0. You can also use
|
| +buffered-image mode to read raw data in multiple passes.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Really raw data: DCT coefficients
|
| +---------------------------------
|
| +
|
| +It is possible to read or write the contents of a JPEG file as raw DCT
|
| +coefficients. This facility is mainly intended for use in lossless
|
| +transcoding between different JPEG file formats. Other possible applications
|
| +include lossless cropping of a JPEG image, lossless reassembly of a
|
| +multi-strip or multi-tile TIFF/JPEG file into a single JPEG datastream, etc.
|
| +
|
| +To read the contents of a JPEG file as DCT coefficients, open the file and do
|
| +jpeg_read_header() as usual. But instead of calling jpeg_start_decompress()
|
| +and jpeg_read_scanlines(), call jpeg_read_coefficients(). This will read the
|
| +entire image into a set of virtual coefficient-block arrays, one array per
|
| +component. The return value is a pointer to an array of virtual-array
|
| +descriptors. Each virtual array can be accessed directly using the JPEG
|
| +memory manager's access_virt_barray method (see Memory management, below,
|
| +and also read structure.txt's discussion of virtual array handling). Or,
|
| +for simple transcoding to a different JPEG file format, the array list can
|
| +just be handed directly to jpeg_write_coefficients().
|
| +
|
| +Each block in the block arrays contains quantized coefficient values in
|
| +normal array order (not JPEG zigzag order). The block arrays contain only
|
| +DCT blocks containing real data; any entirely-dummy blocks added to fill out
|
| +interleaved MCUs at the right or bottom edges of the image are discarded
|
| +during reading and are not stored in the block arrays. (The size of each
|
| +block array can be determined from the width_in_blocks and height_in_blocks
|
| +fields of the component's comp_info entry.) This is also the data format
|
| +expected by jpeg_write_coefficients().
|
| +
|
| +When you are done using the virtual arrays, call jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
| +to release the array storage and return the decompression object to an idle
|
| +state; or just call jpeg_destroy() if you don't need to reuse the object.
|
| +
|
| +If you use a suspending data source, jpeg_read_coefficients() will return
|
| +NULL if it is forced to suspend; a non-NULL return value indicates successful
|
| +completion. You need not test for a NULL return value when using a
|
| +non-suspending data source.
|
| +
|
| +It is also possible to call jpeg_read_coefficients() to obtain access to the
|
| +decoder's coefficient arrays during a normal decode cycle in buffered-image
|
| +mode. This frammish might be useful for progressively displaying an incoming
|
| +image and then re-encoding it without loss. To do this, decode in buffered-
|
| +image mode as discussed previously, then call jpeg_read_coefficients() after
|
| +the last jpeg_finish_output() call. The arrays will be available for your use
|
| +until you call jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +To write the contents of a JPEG file as DCT coefficients, you must provide
|
| +the DCT coefficients stored in virtual block arrays. You can either pass
|
| +block arrays read from an input JPEG file by jpeg_read_coefficients(), or
|
| +allocate virtual arrays from the JPEG compression object and fill them
|
| +yourself. In either case, jpeg_write_coefficients() is substituted for
|
| +jpeg_start_compress() and jpeg_write_scanlines(). Thus the sequence is
|
| + * Create compression object
|
| + * Set all compression parameters as necessary
|
| + * Request virtual arrays if needed
|
| + * jpeg_write_coefficients()
|
| + * jpeg_finish_compress()
|
| + * Destroy or re-use compression object
|
| +jpeg_write_coefficients() is passed a pointer to an array of virtual block
|
| +array descriptors; the number of arrays is equal to cinfo.num_components.
|
| +
|
| +The virtual arrays need only have been requested, not realized, before
|
| +jpeg_write_coefficients() is called. A side-effect of
|
| +jpeg_write_coefficients() is to realize any virtual arrays that have been
|
| +requested from the compression object's memory manager. Thus, when obtaining
|
| +the virtual arrays from the compression object, you should fill the arrays
|
| +after calling jpeg_write_coefficients(). The data is actually written out
|
| +when you call jpeg_finish_compress(); jpeg_write_coefficients() only writes
|
| +the file header.
|
| +
|
| +When writing raw DCT coefficients, it is crucial that the JPEG quantization
|
| +tables and sampling factors match the way the data was encoded, or the
|
| +resulting file will be invalid. For transcoding from an existing JPEG file,
|
| +we recommend using jpeg_copy_critical_parameters(). This routine initializes
|
| +all the compression parameters to default values (like jpeg_set_defaults()),
|
| +then copies the critical information from a source decompression object.
|
| +The decompression object should have just been used to read the entire
|
| +JPEG input file --- that is, it should be awaiting jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
| +
|
| +jpeg_write_coefficients() marks all tables stored in the compression object
|
| +as needing to be written to the output file (thus, it acts like
|
| +jpeg_start_compress(cinfo, TRUE)). This is for safety's sake, to avoid
|
| +emitting abbreviated JPEG files by accident. If you really want to emit an
|
| +abbreviated JPEG file, call jpeg_suppress_tables(), or set the tables'
|
| +individual sent_table flags, between calling jpeg_write_coefficients() and
|
| +jpeg_finish_compress().
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Progress monitoring
|
| +-------------------
|
| +
|
| +Some applications may need to regain control from the JPEG library every so
|
| +often. The typical use of this feature is to produce a percent-done bar or
|
| +other progress display. (For a simple example, see cjpeg.c or djpeg.c.)
|
| +Although you do get control back frequently during the data-transferring pass
|
| +(the jpeg_read_scanlines or jpeg_write_scanlines loop), any additional passes
|
| +will occur inside jpeg_finish_compress or jpeg_start_decompress; those
|
| +routines may take a long time to execute, and you don't get control back
|
| +until they are done.
|
| +
|
| +You can define a progress-monitor routine which will be called periodically
|
| +by the library. No guarantees are made about how often this call will occur,
|
| +so we don't recommend you use it for mouse tracking or anything like that.
|
| +At present, a call will occur once per MCU row, scanline, or sample row
|
| +group, whichever unit is convenient for the current processing mode; so the
|
| +wider the image, the longer the time between calls. During the data
|
| +transferring pass, only one call occurs per call of jpeg_read_scanlines or
|
| +jpeg_write_scanlines, so don't pass a large number of scanlines at once if
|
| +you want fine resolution in the progress count. (If you really need to use
|
| +the callback mechanism for time-critical tasks like mouse tracking, you could
|
| +insert additional calls inside some of the library's inner loops.)
|
| +
|
| +To establish a progress-monitor callback, create a struct jpeg_progress_mgr,
|
| +fill in its progress_monitor field with a pointer to your callback routine,
|
| +and set cinfo->progress to point to the struct. The callback will be called
|
| +whenever cinfo->progress is non-NULL. (This pointer is set to NULL by
|
| +jpeg_create_compress or jpeg_create_decompress; the library will not change
|
| +it thereafter. So if you allocate dynamic storage for the progress struct,
|
| +make sure it will live as long as the JPEG object does. Allocating from the
|
| +JPEG memory manager with lifetime JPOOL_PERMANENT will work nicely.) You
|
| +can use the same callback routine for both compression and decompression.
|
| +
|
| +The jpeg_progress_mgr struct contains four fields which are set by the library:
|
| + long pass_counter; /* work units completed in this pass */
|
| + long pass_limit; /* total number of work units in this pass */
|
| + int completed_passes; /* passes completed so far */
|
| + int total_passes; /* total number of passes expected */
|
| +During any one pass, pass_counter increases from 0 up to (not including)
|
| +pass_limit; the step size is usually but not necessarily 1. The pass_limit
|
| +value may change from one pass to another. The expected total number of
|
| +passes is in total_passes, and the number of passes already completed is in
|
| +completed_passes. Thus the fraction of work completed may be estimated as
|
| + completed_passes + (pass_counter/pass_limit)
|
| + --------------------------------------------
|
| + total_passes
|
| +ignoring the fact that the passes may not be equal amounts of work.
|
| +
|
| +When decompressing, pass_limit can even change within a pass, because it
|
| +depends on the number of scans in the JPEG file, which isn't always known in
|
| +advance. The computed fraction-of-work-done may jump suddenly (if the library
|
| +discovers it has overestimated the number of scans) or even decrease (in the
|
| +opposite case). It is not wise to put great faith in the work estimate.
|
| +
|
| +When using the decompressor's buffered-image mode, the progress monitor work
|
| +estimate is likely to be completely unhelpful, because the library has no way
|
| +to know how many output passes will be demanded of it. Currently, the library
|
| +sets total_passes based on the assumption that there will be one more output
|
| +pass if the input file end hasn't yet been read (jpeg_input_complete() isn't
|
| +TRUE), but no more output passes if the file end has been reached when the
|
| +output pass is started. This means that total_passes will rise as additional
|
| +output passes are requested. If you have a way of determining the input file
|
| +size, estimating progress based on the fraction of the file that's been read
|
| +will probably be more useful than using the library's value.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Memory management
|
| +-----------------
|
| +
|
| +This section covers some key facts about the JPEG library's built-in memory
|
| +manager. For more info, please read structure.txt's section about the memory
|
| +manager, and consult the source code if necessary.
|
| +
|
| +All memory and temporary file allocation within the library is done via the
|
| +memory manager. If necessary, you can replace the "back end" of the memory
|
| +manager to control allocation yourself (for example, if you don't want the
|
| +library to use malloc() and free() for some reason).
|
| +
|
| +Some data is allocated "permanently" and will not be freed until the JPEG
|
| +object is destroyed. Most data is allocated "per image" and is freed by
|
| +jpeg_finish_compress, jpeg_finish_decompress, or jpeg_abort. You can call the
|
| +memory manager yourself to allocate structures that will automatically be
|
| +freed at these times. Typical code for this is
|
| + ptr = (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, size);
|
| +Use JPOOL_PERMANENT to get storage that lasts as long as the JPEG object.
|
| +Use alloc_large instead of alloc_small for anything bigger than a few Kbytes.
|
| +There are also alloc_sarray and alloc_barray routines that automatically
|
| +build 2-D sample or block arrays.
|
| +
|
| +The library's minimum space requirements to process an image depend on the
|
| +image's width, but not on its height, because the library ordinarily works
|
| +with "strip" buffers that are as wide as the image but just a few rows high.
|
| +Some operating modes (eg, two-pass color quantization) require full-image
|
| +buffers. Such buffers are treated as "virtual arrays": only the current strip
|
| +need be in memory, and the rest can be swapped out to a temporary file.
|
| +
|
| +If you use the simplest memory manager back end (jmemnobs.c), then no
|
| +temporary files are used; virtual arrays are simply malloc()'d. Images bigger
|
| +than memory can be processed only if your system supports virtual memory.
|
| +The other memory manager back ends support temporary files of various flavors
|
| +and thus work in machines without virtual memory. They may also be useful on
|
| +Unix machines if you need to process images that exceed available swap space.
|
| +
|
| +When using temporary files, the library will make the in-memory buffers for
|
| +its virtual arrays just big enough to stay within a "maximum memory" setting.
|
| +Your application can set this limit by setting cinfo->mem->max_memory_to_use
|
| +after creating the JPEG object. (Of course, there is still a minimum size for
|
| +the buffers, so the max-memory setting is effective only if it is bigger than
|
| +the minimum space needed.) If you allocate any large structures yourself, you
|
| +must allocate them before jpeg_start_compress() or jpeg_start_decompress() in
|
| +order to have them counted against the max memory limit. Also keep in mind
|
| +that space allocated with alloc_small() is ignored, on the assumption that
|
| +it's too small to be worth worrying about; so a reasonable safety margin
|
| +should be left when setting max_memory_to_use.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Memory usage
|
| +------------
|
| +
|
| +Working memory requirements while performing compression or decompression
|
| +depend on image dimensions, image characteristics (such as colorspace and
|
| +JPEG process), and operating mode (application-selected options).
|
| +
|
| +As of v6b, the decompressor requires:
|
| + 1. About 24K in more-or-less-fixed-size data. This varies a bit depending
|
| + on operating mode and image characteristics (particularly color vs.
|
| + grayscale), but it doesn't depend on image dimensions.
|
| + 2. Strip buffers (of size proportional to the image width) for IDCT and
|
| + upsampling results. The worst case for commonly used sampling factors
|
| + is about 34 bytes * width in pixels for a color image. A grayscale image
|
| + only needs about 8 bytes per pixel column.
|
| + 3. A full-image DCT coefficient buffer is needed to decode a multi-scan JPEG
|
| + file (including progressive JPEGs), or whenever you select buffered-image
|
| + mode. This takes 2 bytes/coefficient. At typical 2x2 sampling, that's
|
| + 3 bytes per pixel for a color image. Worst case (1x1 sampling) requires
|
| + 6 bytes/pixel. For grayscale, figure 2 bytes/pixel.
|
| + 4. To perform 2-pass color quantization, the decompressor also needs a
|
| + 128K color lookup table and a full-image pixel buffer (3 bytes/pixel).
|
| +This does not count any memory allocated by the application, such as a
|
| +buffer to hold the final output image.
|
| +
|
| +The above figures are valid for 8-bit JPEG data precision and a machine with
|
| +32-bit ints. For 12-bit JPEG data, double the size of the strip buffers and
|
| +quantization pixel buffer. The "fixed-size" data will be somewhat smaller
|
| +with 16-bit ints, larger with 64-bit ints. Also, CMYK or other unusual
|
| +color spaces will require different amounts of space.
|
| +
|
| +The full-image coefficient and pixel buffers, if needed at all, do not
|
| +have to be fully RAM resident; you can have the library use temporary
|
| +files instead when the total memory usage would exceed a limit you set.
|
| +(But if your OS supports virtual memory, it's probably better to just use
|
| +jmemnobs and let the OS do the swapping.)
|
| +
|
| +The compressor's memory requirements are similar, except that it has no need
|
| +for color quantization. Also, it needs a full-image DCT coefficient buffer
|
| +if Huffman-table optimization is asked for, even if progressive mode is not
|
| +requested.
|
| +
|
| +If you need more detailed information about memory usage in a particular
|
| +situation, you can enable the MEM_STATS code in jmemmgr.c.
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Library compile-time options
|
| +----------------------------
|
| +
|
| +A number of compile-time options are available by modifying jmorecfg.h.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG standard provides for both the baseline 8-bit DCT process and
|
| +a 12-bit DCT process. The IJG code supports 12-bit lossy JPEG if you define
|
| +BITS_IN_JSAMPLE as 12 rather than 8. Note that this causes JSAMPLE to be
|
| +larger than a char, so it affects the surrounding application's image data.
|
| +The sample applications cjpeg and djpeg can support 12-bit mode only for PPM
|
| +and GIF file formats; you must disable the other file formats to compile a
|
| +12-bit cjpeg or djpeg. (install.txt has more information about that.)
|
| +At present, a 12-bit library can handle *only* 12-bit images, not both
|
| +precisions.
|
| +
|
| +Note that a 12-bit library always compresses in Huffman optimization mode,
|
| +in order to generate valid Huffman tables. This is necessary because our
|
| +default Huffman tables only cover 8-bit data. If you need to output 12-bit
|
| +files in one pass, you'll have to supply suitable default Huffman tables.
|
| +You may also want to supply your own DCT quantization tables; the existing
|
| +quality-scaling code has been developed for 8-bit use, and probably doesn't
|
| +generate especially good tables for 12-bit.
|
| +
|
| +The maximum number of components (color channels) in the image is determined
|
| +by MAX_COMPONENTS. The JPEG standard allows up to 255 components, but we
|
| +expect that few applications will need more than four or so.
|
| +
|
| +On machines with unusual data type sizes, you may be able to improve
|
| +performance or reduce memory space by tweaking the various typedefs in
|
| +jmorecfg.h. In particular, on some RISC CPUs, access to arrays of "short"s
|
| +is quite slow; consider trading memory for speed by making JCOEF, INT16, and
|
| +UINT16 be "int" or "unsigned int". UINT8 is also a candidate to become int.
|
| +You probably don't want to make JSAMPLE be int unless you have lots of memory
|
| +to burn.
|
| +
|
| +You can reduce the size of the library by compiling out various optional
|
| +functions. To do this, undefine xxx_SUPPORTED symbols as necessary.
|
| +
|
| +You can also save a few K by not having text error messages in the library;
|
| +the standard error message table occupies about 5Kb. This is particularly
|
| +reasonable for embedded applications where there's no good way to display
|
| +a message anyway. To do this, remove the creation of the message table
|
| +(jpeg_std_message_table[]) from jerror.c, and alter format_message to do
|
| +something reasonable without it. You could output the numeric value of the
|
| +message code number, for example. If you do this, you can also save a couple
|
| +more K by modifying the TRACEMSn() macros in jerror.h to expand to nothing;
|
| +you don't need trace capability anyway, right?
|
| +
|
| +
|
| +Portability considerations
|
| +--------------------------
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library has been written to be extremely portable; the sample
|
| +applications cjpeg and djpeg are slightly less so. This section summarizes
|
| +the design goals in this area. (If you encounter any bugs that cause the
|
| +library to be less portable than is claimed here, we'd appreciate hearing
|
| +about them.)
|
| +
|
| +The code works fine on ANSI C and C++ compilers, using any of the popular
|
| +system include file setups, and some not-so-popular ones too.
|
| +
|
| +The code is not dependent on the exact sizes of the C data types. As
|
| +distributed, we make the assumptions that
|
| + char is at least 8 bits wide
|
| + short is at least 16 bits wide
|
| + int is at least 16 bits wide
|
| + long is at least 32 bits wide
|
| +(These are the minimum requirements of the ANSI C standard.) Wider types will
|
| +work fine, although memory may be used inefficiently if char is much larger
|
| +than 8 bits or short is much bigger than 16 bits. The code should work
|
| +equally well with 16- or 32-bit ints.
|
| +
|
| +In a system where these assumptions are not met, you may be able to make the
|
| +code work by modifying the typedefs in jmorecfg.h. However, you will probably
|
| +have difficulty if int is less than 16 bits wide, since references to plain
|
| +int abound in the code.
|
| +
|
| +char can be either signed or unsigned, although the code runs faster if an
|
| +unsigned char type is available. If char is wider than 8 bits, you will need
|
| +to redefine JOCTET and/or provide custom data source/destination managers so
|
| +that JOCTET represents exactly 8 bits of data on external storage.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library proper does not assume ASCII representation of characters.
|
| +But some of the image file I/O modules in cjpeg/djpeg do have ASCII
|
| +dependencies in file-header manipulation; so does cjpeg's select_file_type()
|
| +routine.
|
| +
|
| +The JPEG library does not rely heavily on the C library. In particular, C
|
| +stdio is used only by the data source/destination modules and the error
|
| +handler, all of which are application-replaceable. (cjpeg/djpeg are more
|
| +heavily dependent on stdio.) malloc and free are called only from the memory
|
| +manager "back end" module, so you can use a different memory allocator by
|
| +replacing that one file.
|
| +
|
| +More info about porting the code may be gleaned by reading jconfig.txt,
|
| +jmorecfg.h, and jinclude.h.
|
|
|
Chromium Code Reviews
Issue 1934113002:
Update libjpeg_turbo to 1.4.90 from https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/ (Closed)
Base URL: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/deps/libjpeg_turbo.git@master