Python Tools for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Comparison

chrome/test/functional/ispy/image_tools.py

Index: chrome/test/functional/ispy/image_tools.py
diff --git a/chrome/test/functional/ispy/image_tools.py b/chrome/test/functional/ispy/image_tools.py
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+# Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium Authos. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Utilities for performing pixel-by-pixel image comparision."""
+
+import itertools
+import PIL
+from PIL import Image
+
+
+def _AreTheSameSize(images):
+  """Returns whether a set of images are the size size.
+
+  Args:
+    images: a list of images to compare.
+
+  Returns:
+    boolean.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: One image or fewer is passed in.
+  """
+  if len(images) > 1:
+    return all(images[0].size == img.size for img in images[1:])
+  else:
+    raise Exception('No images passed in.')
+
+
+def _GetDifferenceWithMask(image1, image2, mask=None,
+                           masked_color=(0, 0, 0),
+                           same_color=(0, 0, 0),
+                           different_color=(255, 255, 255)):
+  """Returns an image representing the difference between the two images.
+
+  This function computes the difference between two images taking into
+  account a mask if it is provided. The final three arguments represent
+  the coloration of the generated image.
+
+  Args:
+    image1: the first image to compare.
+    image2: the second image to compare.
+    mask: an optional mask image consisting of only black and white pixels
+      where white pixels indicate the portion of the image to be masked out.
+    masked_color: the color of a masked section in the resulting image.
+    same_color: the color of an unmasked section that is the same.
+      between images 1 and 2 in the resulting image.
+    different_color: the color of an unmasked section that is different
+      between images 1 and 2 in the resulting image.
+
+  Returns:
+    an image repesenting the difference between the two images.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: if image1, image2, and mask are not the same size.
+  """
+  image_mask = mask
+  if not mask:
+    image_mask = PIL.Image.new('RGB', image1.size, (0, 0, 0))
+  if not _AreTheSameSize([image1, image2, image_mask]):
+    raise Exception('images and mask must be the same size.')
+  image_diff = PIL.Image.new('RGB', image1.size, (0, 0, 0))
+  data = [
+      masked_color if m == (255, 255, 255)
+      else same_color if px1 == px2
+      else different_color
+      for m, px1, px2 in itertools.izip(image_mask.getdata(),
+                                        image1.getdata(),
+                                        image2.getdata())
+      ]
+  image_diff.putdata(data)
+  return image_diff
+
+
+def CreateMask(images):
+  """Computes a mask for a set of images.
+
+  Returns a difference mask that is computed from the images
+  which are passed in. The mask will have a white pixel
+  anywhere that the input images differ and a black pixel
+  everywhere else.
+
+  Args:
+    images: the images to compute the mask from.
+
+  Returns:
+    an image of only black and white pixels where white pixels represent
+      areas in the input images that have differences.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: if the images passed in are not of the same size.
+    Exception: if fewer than two images are passed in.
+  """
+  if len(images) < 2:
+    raise Exception('mask must be created from two or more images.')
+  mask = Image.new('RGB', images[0].size, (0, 0, 0))
+  image = images[0]
+  for other_image in images[1:]:
+    mask = _GetDifferenceWithMask(
+        image,
+        other_image,
+        mask,
+        masked_color=(255, 255, 255))
+  return mask
+
+
+def VisualizeImageDifferences(image1, image2, mask=None):
+  """Returns an image repesenting the unmasked differences between two images.
+
+  Iterates through the pixel values of two images and an optional
+  mask. If the pixel values are the same, or the pixel is masked,
+  (0,0,0) is stored for that pixel. Otherwise, (255,255,255) is stored.
+  This ultimately produces an image where unmasked differences between
+  the two images are white pixels, and everything else is black.
+
+  Args:
+    image1: an RGB image
+    image2: another RGB image of the same size as image1.
+    mask: an optional RGB image consisting of only white and black pixels
+      where the white pixels represent the parts of the images to be masked
+      out.
+
+  Returns:
+    a black and white image representing the unmasked difference between
+    the two input images.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: if the two images and optional mask are different sizes.
+  """
+  return _GetDifferenceWithMask(image1, image2, mask)
+
+
+def TotalDifferentPixels(image1, image2, mask=None):
+  """Computes the number of different pixels between two images.
+
+  Args:
+    image1: the first RGB image to be compared.
+    image2: the second RGB image to be compared.
+    mask: an optional RGB image of only black and white pixels
+      where white pixels indicate the parts of the image to be masked out.
+
+  Returns:
+    the number of differing pixels between the images.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: if the images to be compared and the mask are not the same size.
+  """
+  image_mask = mask
+  if not mask:
+    image_mask = PIL.Image.new('RGB', image1.size, (0, 0, 0))
+  if _AreTheSameSize([image1, image2, image_mask]):
+    return sum(
+        0 if m == (255, 255, 255)

[frankf, 2013/06/19 03:53:26]

This is unreadable

[cgrimm, 2013/06/19 16:17:26]

changed this and another instance of the same pattern into for-loops (line 64).
There was a slow-down, but it doesn't seem to dramatic. 
(.52s -> .57s for a mask generated from 3 images)

+        else 1 if px1 != px2
+        else 0
+        for px1, px2, m in itertools.izip(
+            image1.getdata(),
+            image2.getdata(),
+            image_mask.getdata()
+            )
+        )
+  else:
+    raise Exception('images and mask must be the same size')
+
+
+def SameImage(image1, image2, max_different_pixels=0, mask=None):
+  """Returns a boolean representing whether the images are the same.
+
+  Returns a boolean indicating whether two images are similar
+  enough to be considered the same. Essentially wraps the
+  TotalDifferentPixels function and adds a max_different_pixels
+  cutoff for whether or not the images are the same.
+
+  Args:
+    image1: an RGB image to compare.
+    image2: an RGB image to compare.
+    max_different_pixels: a number that is the cutoff for whether or not

[frankf, 2013/06/19 03:53:26]

I thought we decided to remove this.

[cgrimm, 2013/06/19 16:17:26]

Done.

+      the two images are the same.
+    mask: an optional image of only black and white pixels where white pixels
+      are masked out.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if the images are similar, False otherwise.
+
+  Raises:
+    Exception: if the images (and mask) are different sizes.
+  """
+  different_pixels = TotalDifferentPixels(image1, image2, mask)
+  return different_pixels <= max_different_pixels