Add StreamChannel and MultiChannel.

lib/src/multi_channel.dart

+// Copyright (c) 2016, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import '../stream_channel.dart';
+
+/// A class that multiplexes multiple virtual channels across a single
+/// underlying transport layer.
+///
+/// This should be connected to another [MultiChannel] on the other end of the
+/// underlying channel. It starts with a single default virtual channel,
+/// accessible via [stream] and [sink]. Additional virtual channels can be
+/// created with [virtualChannel].
+///
+/// When a virtual channel is created by one endpoint, the other must connect to
+/// it before messages may be sent through it. The first endpoint passes its
+/// [VirtualChannel.id] to the second, which then creates a channel from that id
+/// also using [virtualChannel]. For example:
+///
+/// ```dart
+/// // First endpoint
+/// var virtual = multiChannel.virtualChannel();
+/// multiChannel.sink.add({
+///   "channel": virtual.id
+/// });
+///
+/// // Second endpoint
+/// multiChannel.stream.listen((message) {
+///   var virtual = multiChannel.virtualChannel(message["channel"]);
+///   // ...
+/// });
+/// ```
+///
+/// Sending errors across a [MultiChannel] is not supported. Any errors from the
+/// underlying stream will be reported only via the default
+/// [MultiChannel.stream].
+///
+/// Each virtual channel may be closed individually. When all of them are
+/// closed, the underlying [StreamSink] is closed automatically.
+abstract class MultiChannel implements StreamChannel {
+  /// The default input stream.
+  ///
+  /// This connects to the remote [sink].
+  Stream get stream;
+
+  /// The default output stream.
+  ///
+  /// This connects to the remote [stream]. If this is closed, the remote
+  /// [stream] will close, but other virtual channels will remain open and new
+  /// virtual channels may be opened.
+  StreamSink get sink;
+
+  /// Creates a new [MultiChannel] that sends messages over [innerStream] and
+  /// [innerSink].
+  ///
+  /// The inner streams must take JSON-like objects.
+  factory MultiChannel(Stream innerStream, StreamSink innerSink) =>
+      new _MultiChannel(innerStream, innerSink);
+
+  /// Creates a new virtual channel.
+  ///
+  /// If [id] is not passed, this creates a virtual channel from scratch. Before
+  /// it's used, its [VirtualChannel.id] must be sent to the remote endpoint
+  /// where [virtualChannel] should be called with that id.
+  ///
+  /// If [id] is passed, this creates a virtual channel corresponding to the
+  /// channel with that id on the remote channel.
+  ///
+  /// Throws an [ArgumentError] if a virtual channel already exists for [id].
+  /// Throws a [StateError] if the underlying channel is closed.
+  VirtualChannel virtualChannel([id]);
+}
+
+/// The implementation of [MultiChannel].
+///
+/// This is private so that [VirtualChannel] can inherit from [MultiChannel]
+/// without having to implement all the private members.
+class _MultiChannel extends StreamChannelMixin implements MultiChannel {
+  /// The inner stream over which all communication is received.
+  ///
+  /// This will be `null` if the underlying communication channel is closed.
+  Stream _innerStream;
+
+  /// The inner sink over which all communication is sent.
+  ///
+  /// This will be `null` if the underlying communication channel is closed.
+  StreamSink _innerSink;
+
+  /// The subscription to [_innerStream].
+  StreamSubscription _innerStreamSubscription;
+
+  Stream get stream => _streamController.stream;
+  final _streamController = new StreamController(sync: true);
+
+  StreamSink get sink => _sinkController.sink;
+  final _sinkController = new StreamController(sync: true);
+
+  /// A map from virtual channel ids to [StreamController]s that should be used
+  /// to write messages received from those channels.
+  final _streamControllers = new Map<int, StreamController>();
+
+  /// A map from virtual channel ids to [StreamControllers]s that are used
+  /// to receive messages to write to those channels.
+  ///
+  /// Note that this uses the same keys as [_streamControllers].
+  final _sinkControllers = new Map<int, StreamController>();
+
+  /// The next id to use for a local virtual channel.
+  ///
+  /// Ids are used to identify virtual channels. Each message is tagged with an
+  /// id; the receiving [MultiChannel] uses this id to look up which
+  /// [VirtualChannel] the message should be dispatched to.
+  ///
+  /// The id scheme for virtual channels is somewhat complicated. This is
+  /// necessary to ensure that there are no conflicts even when both endpoints
+  /// have virtual channels with the same id; since both endpoints can send and
+  /// receive messages across each virtual channel, a naïve scheme would make it
+  /// impossible to tell whether a message was from a channel that originated in
+  /// the remote endpoint or a reply on a channel that originated in the local
+  /// endpoint.
+  ///
+  /// The trick is that each endpoint only uses odd ids for its own channels.
+  /// When sending a message over a channel that was created by the remote
+  /// endpoint, the channel's id plus one is used. This way each [MultiChannel]
+  /// knows that if an incoming message has an odd id, it's using the local id
+  /// scheme, but if it has an even id, it's using the remote id scheme.
+  var _nextId = 1;
+
+  _MultiChannel(this._innerStream, this._innerSink) {
+    // The default connection is a special case which has id 0 on both ends.
+    // This allows it to begin connected without having to send over an id.
+    _streamControllers[0] = _streamController;
+    _sinkControllers[0] = _sinkController;
+    _sinkController.stream.listen(
+        (message) => _innerSink.add([0, message]),
+        onDone: () => _closeChannel(0, 0));
+
+    _innerStreamSubscription = _innerStream.listen((message) {
+      var id = message[0];
+      var sink = _streamControllers[id];
+
+      // A sink might not exist if the channel was closed before an incoming
+      // message was processed.
+      if (sink == null) return;
+      if (message.length > 1) {
+        sink.add(message[1]);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // A message without data indicates that the channel has been closed.
+      _sinkControllers[id].close();
+    }, onDone: _closeInnerChannel,
+        onError: _streamController.addError);
+  }
+
+  VirtualChannel virtualChannel([id]) {
+    if (_innerStream == null) {
+      throw new StateError("The underlying channel is closed.");
+    }
+
+    var inputId;
+    var outputId;
+    if (id != null) {
+      // Since the user is passing in an id, we're connected to a remote
+      // VirtualChannel. This means messages they send over this channel will
+      // have the original odd id, but our replies will have an even id.
+      inputId = id;
+      outputId = (id as int) + 1;
+    } else {
+      // Since we're generating an id, we originated this VirtualChannel. This
+      // means messages we send over this channel will have the original odd id,
+      // but the remote channel's replies will have an even id.
+      inputId = _nextId + 1;
+      outputId = _nextId;
+      _nextId += 2;
+    }
+
+    if (_streamControllers.containsKey(inputId)) {
+      throw new ArgumentError("A virtual channel with id $id already exists.");
+    }
+
+    var streamController = new StreamController(sync: true);
+    var sinkController = new StreamController(sync: true);
+    _streamControllers[inputId] = streamController;
+    _sinkControllers[inputId] = sinkController;
+    sinkController.stream.listen(
+        (message) => _innerSink.add([outputId, message]),
+        onDone: () => _closeChannel(inputId, outputId));
+
+    return new VirtualChannel._(
+        this, outputId, streamController.stream, sinkController.sink);
+  }
+
+  /// Closes the virtual channel for which incoming messages have [inputId] and
+  /// outgoing messages have [outputId].
+  void _closeChannel(int inputId, int outputId) {
+    _streamControllers.remove(inputId).close();
+    _sinkControllers.remove(inputId).close();
+
+    if (_innerSink == null) return;
+
+    // A message without data indicates that the virtual channel has been
+    // closed.
+    _innerSink.add([outputId]);
+    if (_streamControllers.isEmpty) _closeInnerChannel();
+  }
+
+  /// Closes the underlying communication channel.
+  void _closeInnerChannel() {
+    _innerSink.close();
+    _innerStreamSubscription.cancel();
+    _innerStream = null;
+    _innerSink = null;
+    for (var controller in _sinkControllers.values.toList()) {
+      controller.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// A virtual channel created by [MultiChannel].
+///
+/// This implements [MultiChannel] for convenience.
+/// [VirtualChannel.virtualChannel] is semantically identical to the parent's
+/// [MultiChannel.virtualChannel].
+class VirtualChannel extends StreamChannelMixin implements MultiChannel {
+  /// The [MultiChannel] that created this.
+  final MultiChannel _parent;
+
+  /// The identifier for this channel.
+  ///
+  /// This can be sent across the [MultiChannel] to provide the remote endpoint
+  /// a means to connect to this channel. Nothing about this is guaranteed
+  /// except that it will be JSON-serializable.
+  final id;
+
+  final Stream stream;
+  final StreamSink sink;
+
+  VirtualChannel._(this._parent, this.id, this.stream, this.sink);
+
+  VirtualChannel virtualChannel([id]) => _parent.virtualChannel(id);
+}