Add a crash course to debugging using about:net-internals.

net/docs/crash-course-in-net-internals.md

+# A Crash Course in Debugging with about:net-internals
+
+This document is intended to help get people started debugging network errors
+with about:net-internals, with some commonly useful tips and tricks.  This
+document is aimed more at how to get started using some of its features to
+investigate bug reports, rather than as a feature overview.
+
+It would probably be useful to read "Life of a URLRequest" before this document.

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

Probably useful to include a link.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.

+
+# What Data Net-Internals Contains
+
+about:net-internals provides a view of browser activity from net/'s perspective.
+For this reason, it lacks knowledge of tabs, navigation, frames, resource types,
+etc.
+
+The top level network stack object is the URLRequestContext.  The Events View
+has information for all Chrome URLRequestContexts that are hooked up to the
+single, global, ChromeNetLog object.  This includes both incognito and non-
+incognito profiles, among other things.  The Events View only shows events for
+the period that net-internals was open and running, and is incrementally updated
+as events occur.  We do attempt to add a top level event for URLRequests that
+were active when the tab was openned, to help debug hung requests, but that's
+best-effort only, and only includes requests for the current profile.
+
+The other views are all snapshots of the current state of a particular
+URLRequestContext's components, and are updated on a 5 second timer.  These will
+show objects that were created before about:net-internals was openned.  Since

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

nit: opened.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.

+these tabs display information about a particular components of a particular
+URLRequestContext, they only have information about the currently active
+profile's main URLRequestContext.  Most debugging is done with the Events tab

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

Suggestion: Collapse the distinction between "a particular URLRequestContext"
and "the currently active profile's main URLRequestContext"; just make the first
sentence "are all snapshots of the current state of only the active profile's
main URLRequestContext, and are updated on a 5 second timer."

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done, removed second sentence.

+(Which will be all this document covers), but it's good to be aware of this
+distinction.
+
+# Events vs Sources
+
+The Event View shows events logged by the NetLog.  The NetLog model is that
+long-lived network stack objects, called sources, emit events over their
+lifetime.  Some events have a beginning and end point (During which other

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

nit, possible style conflict: What I remember being taught about capitalization
of phrases is that you don't use an initiial capital for phrases in parenthesis
unless they are complete sentences (in which case they also have a period).  You
clearly have a different axiom, but I thought I'd raise the question in case
it's reflex rather than choice.  (I did some Googling to try and find a
reference on this, but found too many, none of which I found authoritative, so I
let that go.)

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

You're right about the rule.  I use a lot of parentheses, and always incorrectly
capitalize the first letter after, even knowing the style is wrong.  I've tried
to fix up my style a bit.  Periods also go inside the end of a parenthetical
comment at the end of the comment as well, but that's too bizarre for me to do -
it violates C syntax ordering rules, dangit!

+subevents may occur), and some only occur at a single point in time.  Generally
+only one event can be occuring for a source at a time.  If there can be multiple
+events doing completely independent thing, we often introduce new sources to
+represent the parallelism.
+
+"Sources" correspond to certain net objects, however, multiple layers of net/
+will often log to a single source.  Here are the main source types (Excluding
+HTTP2 [SPDY]/QUIC) and what they include:

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

nit, suggestion: move parenthetical to just before ":"

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.

+
+* URL_REQUEST:  This corresponds to the URLRequest object.  It includes events
+from all the URLRequestJobs, HttpCache::Transactions, NetworkTransactions,
+HttpStreamFactoryImpl::Requests, HttpStream implementations, and
+HttpStreamParsers used to service a response.  If we follow HTTP redirects, it

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

nit, suggestion: Should we (:-}) be using "we" in docs?  I'm not sure whether or
not to extend the comment anti-pattern to docs.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.

+includes each redirect.  This is a lot of stuff, but generally only one of these
+classes is doing work at a time.  This event includes the full URL and generally
+includes the request / response headers (Except when the cache handles the
+response).

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

tangent: This is actually a frustration to me--I've sometimes wanted to see the
headers when the cache handles the response.  

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Patches welcome!  I agree that we should improve things here - I'd also really
like the cache to log more of its revalidation logic.

+
+* HTTP_STREAM_JOB:  This corresponds to HttpStreamFactoryImpl::Job (Note that

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

Why isn't this part of the URL_REQUEST source?  It would seem like it's always
on behalf of a single URL_REQUEST, and the rest of the URL_REQUEST isn't doing
anything while it's active .  

Your judgement as to whether the answer deserves to be in the doc; maybe it's
just historical.  It just struck me funny on second reading.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Because we may create two of them (One for QUIC).  Added that comment.

+one Request can have multiple Jobs).  It also includes its proxy and DNS
+lookups.  One of the final event of these indicate how they created an

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

nit: events.  I also find "of these" to be awkward; maybe "One of the final
events of this source indicates how it created an HttpStream."?

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.  Also fixed SpdySession / QuicSession to use the actual source names.

+HttpStream (Reusing an existing SOCKET / SpdySession / QuicSession, or creating
+a new one).
+
+* CONNECT_JOB:  This corresponds to the ConnectJob subclasses that each socket
+pool uses.  A successful CONNECT_JOB return a SOCKET.  The events here vary a
+lot by job type.  Their main event is generally either to create a socket, or
+request a socket from another socket pool (Which creates another CONNECT_JOB)
+and then do some extra work on top of that - like establish an SSL connection on
+top of a TCP connection.
+
+* SOCKET:  These correspond to TCPSockets, but may also have other classes
+layered on top of them (Like an SSLClientSocket).  This is a bit different from
+the other classes, where the name corresponds to the topmost class, instead of
+the bottommost one.  This is largely an artifact of the fact the socket is
+created first, and then SSL (Or a proxy connection) is layered on top of it.
+SOCKETs may be reused between multiple requests, and a request may end up
+getting a socket created for another request.
+
+* HOST_RESOLVER_IMPL_JOB:  These correspond to HostResolverImpl::Job.  The
+include information about how long the lookup was queued, each DNS request that
+was attempted (With the platform or built-in resolver) and all the other sources
+that are waiting on the job.
+
+When one source depends on another, we generally log an event with
+"source_dependency" value to both sources, which lets you jump between the two
+related events.
+
+# Debugging
+
+When you receive a report from the user, the first thing you'll generally want
+to do find the URL_REQUEST[s] that are misbehaving.  If the user gives an ERR_*
+code or the exact URL of the resource that won't load, you can just search for
+it.  If it's an upload, you can search for "post", or if it's a redirect issue,
+you can search for "redirect".  However, you often won't have much information
+about the actual problem.  There are two filters in net-internals that can help
+in a lot of cases:
+
+* "type:URL_REQUEST is:error" will restrict the list to URL_REQUEST object with
+an error of some sort (red background).  Cache errors are often non-fatal, so
+you should generally ignore those, and look for a more interesting one.
+
+* "type:URL_REQUEST sort:duration" will show the lonest-lived requests (as of
+when about:net-internals was opened) first.  This is often useful in finding
+hung or slow requests.
+
+For a list of other filter commands, you can mouse over the question mark on
+about:net-internals.
+
+Once you locate the problematic request, the next is to figure out where the
+problem is - it's often one of the last events, though it could also be related
+to response or request headers.  You can use "source_dependency" links to drill
+down (or up) into other related sources.

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

This sorta suggests you can drill up from URL_REQUEST (because it comes after
the doc talks about starting at URL_REQUEST).  Dunno if that's worth clarifying.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Done.

+
+You can use the name of an event to search for the code responsible for that
+event, and try to deduce what went wrong before/after a particular event.

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:26]

I've found this tricky because the default emacs grep arguments include "search
for whole words only", so, for me, being clear here that the source code string
contains but does not equal the event name is important.  But I have no idea how
many people are in the same position I am.

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

I use codesearch and MSVC, neither of which does that by default, so problem
hadn't occurred to me.  Added comment.

+
+Some things to look for while debugging:
+
+* CANCELLED events almost always come from outside the network stack.
+
+* Changing networks and entering / exiting suspend mode can have all sorts of
+fun and exciting effects on underway network activity.

[Randy Smith (Not in Mondays), 2015/12/14 02:34:25]

Suggestion: Include guidance on how you can tell from the net-internals dump
that this has happened?

[mmenke, 2015/12/14 18:22:51]

Added comment.

+
+* URL_REQUEST_DELEGATE / DELEGATE_INFO events mean we're blocked in a
+URLRequest::Delegate or the NetworkDelegate, which are implemented outside the
+network stack.  We'll often be CANCELED here for reasons known only to the
+delegate.  Or the delegate may cause a hang.  In general, what we want to do in
+this situation is identify the object causing the problem, which may be a
+ResourceThrottle, a ResourceHandler, the ResourceLoader itself, or
+ChromeNetworkDelegate.
+
+* Sockets are often reused between requests.  If a request is on a stale
+(reused) socket, what was the previous request that used the socket, how long
+ago was it made?
+
+* SSL negotation is a process fraught with peril, particularly with broken
+proxies.  These will generally stall or fail in the SSL_CONNECT phase at the
+SOCKET layer.
+
+* Range requests have magic to handle them at the cache layer, and are often
+issued by the media and PDF code.
+
+* Late binding:  HTTP_STREAM_JOBs are not associated with any CONNECT_JOB until
+a CONNECT_JOB actually connects.  This is so the highest priority pending job
+gets the first available socket (Which may be a new socket, or an old one that's
+freed up).  For this reason, it can be a little tricky to relate hung
+HTTP_STREAM_JOBs to CONNECT_JOBs.
+
+* Each CONNECT_JOB belongs to a "group", which has a limit of 6 connections.  If
+all CONNECT_JOBs beling to a group (The CONNECT_JOB's description field) are
+stalled waiting on an available socket, we probably have 6 sockets to that group
+that are hung - either hung connection, or used by stalled requests.
+
+* There's a limit on number of DNS resolutions that can be started at once.  If
+everything is stalled while resolving DNS addresses, you've probably hit this
+limit, and the DNS lookups are also misbehaving in some fashion.
+
+# Miscellany
+
+These are just miscellaneous things you may notice when looking through the
+logs.
+
+* URLRequests that look to start twice for no obvious reason.  These are
+typically main frame requests, and the first request is AppCache.  Can just
+ignore it and move on with your life.
+
+* Some HTTP requests are not handled by URLRequestHttpJobs.  These include
+things like HSTS redirects (URLRequestRedirectJob), AppCache, ServiceWorker,
+etc.  These generally don't log as much information, so it can be tricky to
+figure out what's going on with these.
+
+* Non-HTTP requests also appear in the log, and also generally don't log much
+(blob URLs, chrome URLs, etc).
+
+* Preconnects create a "HTTP_STREAM_JOB" event that may create multiple
+CONNECT_JOBs (or none) and is then destroyed.  These can be identified by the
+"SOCKET_POOL_CONNECTING_N_SOCKETS" events.