Clean up attributes of image elements

java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java

Index: java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java
diff --git a/java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java b/java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java
index 491fdb73f9f07380e4d74d12c9d8061b7766754c..cd68677d66f4df0428de73727cf2d460f5572940 100644
--- a/java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java
+++ b/java/org/chromium/distiller/webdocument/WebImage.java
@@ -43,9 +43,13 @@ public class WebImage extends WebElement {
     @Override
     public String generateOutput(boolean textOnly) {
         if (textOnly) return "";
-        Element container = Document.get().createDivElement();
+
         ImageElement ie = ImageElement.as(Element.as(imgElement.cloneNode(false)));
+        ie.setSrc(ie.getSrc());
         DomUtil.makeSrcSetAbsolute(ie);
+        DomUtil.stripImageElement(ie);
+
+        Element container = Document.get().createDivElement();
         container.appendChild(ie);
         return container.getInnerHTML();
     }