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| 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- | |
| 2 # Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. | |
| 3 # | |
| 4 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); | |
| 5 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. | |
| 6 # You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 7 # | |
| 8 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 9 # | |
| 10 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 11 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 12 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 13 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 14 # limitations under the License. | |
| 15 """Additional help about types of credentials and authentication.""" | |
| 16 | |
| 17 from __future__ import absolute_import | |
| 18 | |
| 19 from gslib.help_provider import HelpProvider | |
| 20 | |
| 21 _DETAILED_HELP_TEXT = (""" | |
| 22 <B>OVERVIEW</B> | |
| 23 gsutil currently supports several types of credentials/authentication, as | |
| 24 well as the ability to access public data anonymously (see "gsutil help anon" | |
| 25 for more on anonymous access). Each of these type of credentials is discussed | |
| 26 in more detail below, along with information about configuring and using | |
| 27 credentials via either the Cloud SDK or standalone installations of gsutil. | |
| 28 | |
| 29 | |
| 30 <B>Configuring/Using Credentials via Cloud SDK Distribution of gsutil</B> | |
| 31 When gsutil is installed/used via the Cloud SDK ("gcloud"), credentials are | |
| 32 stored by Cloud SDK in a non-user-editable file located under | |
| 33 ~/.config/gcloud (any manipulation of credentials should be done via the | |
| 34 gcloud auth command). If you need to set up multiple credentials (e.g., one | |
| 35 for an individual user account and a second for a service account), the | |
| 36 gcloud auth command manages the credentials for you, and you switch between | |
| 37 credentials using the gcloud auth command as well (for more details see | |
| 38 https://developers.google.com/cloud/sdk/gcloud/#gcloud.auth). | |
| 39 | |
| 40 Once credentials have been configured via gcloud auth, those credentials will | |
| 41 be used regardless of whether the user has any boto configuration files (which | |
| 42 are located at ~/.boto unless a different path is specified in the BOTO_CONFIG | |
| 43 environment variable). However, gsutil will still look for credentials in the | |
| 44 boto config file if a type of credential is needed that's not stored in the | |
| 45 gcloud credential store (e.g., an HMAC credential for an S3 account). | |
| 46 | |
| 47 | |
| 48 <B>Configuring/Using Credentials via Standalone gsutil Distribution</B> | |
| 49 If you installed a standalone distribution of gsutil (downloaded from | |
| 50 https://pub.storage.googleapis.com/gsutil.tar.gz, | |
| 51 https://pub.storage.googleapis.com/gsutil.zip, or PyPi), credentials are | |
| 52 configured using the gsutil config command, and are stored in the | |
| 53 user-editable boto config file (located at ~/.boto unless a different path is | |
| 54 specified in the BOTO_CONFIG environment). In this case if you want to set up | |
| 55 multiple credentials (e.g., one for an individual user account and a second | |
| 56 for a service account), you run gsutil config once for each credential, and | |
| 57 save each of the generated boto config files (e.g., renaming one to | |
| 58 ~/.boto_user_account and the second to ~/.boto_service_account), and you | |
| 59 switch between the credentials using the BOTO_CONFIG environment variable | |
| 60 (e.g., by running BOTO_CONFIG=~/.boto_user_account gsutil ls). | |
| 61 | |
| 62 Note that when using the standalone version of gsutil with the JSON API you | |
| 63 can configure at most one of the following types of GCS credentials in a | |
| 64 single boto config file: OAuth2 User Account, OAuth2 Service Account. In | |
| 65 addition to these, you may also have S3 HMAC credentials (necessary for using | |
| 66 s3:// URLs) and GCE Internal Service Account credentials. GCE Internal Service | |
| 67 Account credentials are used only when OAuth2 credentials are not present. | |
| 68 | |
| 69 | |
| 70 <B>SUPPORTED CREDENTIAL TYPES</B> | |
| 71 gsutil supports several types of credentials (the specific subset depends on | |
| 72 which distribution of gsutil you are using; see above discussion). | |
| 73 | |
| 74 OAuth2 User Account: | |
| 75 This is the preferred type of credentials for authenticating requests on | |
| 76 behalf of a specific user (which is probably the most common use of gsutil). | |
| 77 This is the default type of credential that will be created when you run | |
| 78 "gsutil config". | |
| 79 For more details about OAuth2 authentication, see: | |
| 80 https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2#scenarios | |
| 81 | |
| 82 HMAC: | |
| 83 This type of credential can be used by programs that are implemented using | |
| 84 HMAC authentication, which is an authentication mechanism supported by | |
| 85 certain other cloud storage service providers. This type of credential can | |
| 86 also be used for interactive use when moving data to/from service providers | |
| 87 that support HMAC credentials. This is the type of credential that will be | |
| 88 created when you run "gsutil config -a". | |
| 89 | |
| 90 Note that it's possible to set up HMAC credentials for both Google Cloud | |
| 91 Storage and another service provider; or to set up OAuth2 user account | |
| 92 credentials for Google Cloud Storage and HMAC credentials for another | |
| 93 service provider. To do so, after you run the gsutil config command, you | |
| 94 can edit the generated ~/.boto config file and look for comments for where | |
| 95 other credentials can be added. | |
| 96 | |
| 97 For more details about HMAC authentication, see: | |
| 98 https://developers.google.com/storage/docs/reference/v1/getting-startedv1#
keys | |
| 99 | |
| 100 OAuth2 Service Account: | |
| 101 This is the preferred type of credential to use when authenticating on | |
| 102 behalf of a service or application (as opposed to a user). For example, if | |
| 103 you will run gsutil out of a nightly cron job to upload/download data, | |
| 104 using a service account allows the cron job not to depend on credentials of | |
| 105 an individual employee at your company. This is the type of credential that | |
| 106 will be configured when you run "gsutil config -e". | |
| 107 | |
| 108 It is important to note that a service account is considered an Editor by | |
| 109 default for the purposes of API access, rather than an Owner. In particular, | |
| 110 the fact that Editors have OWNER access in the default object and | |
| 111 bucket ACLs, but the canned ACL options remove OWNER access from | |
| 112 Editors, can lead to unexpected results. The solution to this problem is to | |
| 113 add the email address for your service account as a project editor. To find | |
| 114 the email address, visit the | |
| 115 `Google Developers Console <https://cloud.google.com/console#/project>`_, | |
| 116 click on the project you're using, click "APIs & auth", and click | |
| 117 "Credentials". | |
| 118 | |
| 119 To create a service account, visit the Google Developers Console and then: | |
| 120 | |
| 121 - Click "APIs & auth" in the left sidebar. | |
| 122 | |
| 123 - Click "Credentials". | |
| 124 | |
| 125 - Click "Create New Client ID". | |
| 126 | |
| 127 - Select "Service Account" as your application type. | |
| 128 | |
| 129 - Save the JSON private key or the .p12 private key and password | |
| 130 provided. | |
| 131 | |
| 132 For further information about account roles, see: | |
| 133 https://developers.google.com/console/help/#DifferentRoles | |
| 134 | |
| 135 For more details about OAuth2 service accounts, see: | |
| 136 https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2ServiceAccount | |
| 137 | |
| 138 GCE Internal Service Account: | |
| 139 This is the type of service account used for accounts hosted by App Engine | |
| 140 or GCE. Such credentials are created automatically for you on GCE when you | |
| 141 run the gcutil addinstance command with the --service_account flag. | |
| 142 | |
| 143 For more details about GCE service accounts, see: | |
| 144 https://developers.google.com/compute/docs/authentication; | |
| 145 | |
| 146 For more details about App Engine service accounts, see: | |
| 147 https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/appidentity/overview | |
| 148 """) | |
| 149 | |
| 150 | |
| 151 class CommandOptions(HelpProvider): | |
| 152 """Additional help about types of credentials and authentication.""" | |
| 153 | |
| 154 # Help specification. See help_provider.py for documentation. | |
| 155 help_spec = HelpProvider.HelpSpec( | |
| 156 help_name='creds', | |
| 157 help_name_aliases=['credentials', 'authentication', 'auth', 'gcloud'], | |
| 158 help_type='additional_help', | |
| 159 help_one_line_summary='Credential Types Supporting Various Use Cases', | |
| 160 help_text=_DETAILED_HELP_TEXT, | |
| 161 subcommand_help_text={}, | |
| 162 ) | |
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