Add support for safe math operations in base/numerics

base/numerics/safe_math.h

+// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef BASE_SAFE_MATH_H_
+#define BASE_SAFE_MATH_H_
+
+#include "base/numerics/safe_math_impl.h"
+
+namespace base {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// CheckedNumeric implements all the logic and operators for detecting integer
+// boundary conditions such as overflow, underflow, and invalid conversions.
+// The CheckedNumeric type implicitly converts from floating point and integer
+// data types, and contains overloads for basic arithmetic operations (i.e.: +,
+// -, *, /, %).
+//
+// The following methods convert from CheckedNumeric to standard numeric values:
+// IsValid() - Returns true if the underlying numeric value is valid (i.e. has
+//             has not wrapped and is not the result of an invalid conversion).
+// ValueOrDie() - Returns the underlying value. If the state is not valid this
+//                call will crash on a CHECK.
+// ValueOrDefault() - Returns the current value, or the supplied default if the
+//                    state is not valid.
+// ValueFloating() - Returns the underlying floating point value (valid only
+//                   only for floating point CheckedNumeric types).
+//
+// Bitwise operations are explicitly not supported, because correct
+// handling of some cases (e.g. sign manipulation) is ambiguous. Comparison
+// operations are explicitly not supported because they could result in a crash
+// on a CHECK condition. You should use patterns like the following for these
+// operations:
+// Bitwise operation:
+//     CheckedNumeric<int> checked_int = untrusted_input_value;
+//     int x = checked_int.ValueOrDefault(0) | kFlagValues;
+// Comparison:
+//   CheckedNumeric<size_t> checked_size;

[eustas, 2015/12/30 10:17:58]

"checked_size" redeclaration looks a little bit confusing...

+//   CheckedNumeric<int> checked_size = untrusted_input_value;
+//   checked_size = checked_size + HEADER LENGTH;
+//   if (checked_size.IsValid() && checked_size.ValueOrDie() < buffer_size)
+//     Do stuff...
+template <typename T>
+class CheckedNumeric {
+ public:
+  typedef T type;
+
+  CheckedNumeric() {}
+
+  // Copy constructor.
+  template <typename Src>
+  CheckedNumeric(const CheckedNumeric<Src>& rhs)
+      : state_(rhs.ValueUnsafe(), rhs.validity()) {}
+
+  template <typename Src>
+  CheckedNumeric(Src value, RangeConstraint validity)
+      : state_(value, validity) {}
+
+  // This is not an explicit constructor because we implicitly upgrade regular
+  // numerics to CheckedNumerics to make them easier to use.
+  template <typename Src>
+  CheckedNumeric(Src value)
+      : state_(value) {
+    COMPILE_ASSERT(std::numeric_limits<Src>::is_specialized,
+                   argument_must_be_numeric);
+  }
+
+  // IsValid() is the public API to test if a CheckedNumeric is currently valid.
+  bool IsValid() const { return validity() == RANGE_VALID; }
+
+  // ValueOrDie() The primary accessor for the underlying value. If the current
+  // state is not valid it will CHECK and crash.
+  T ValueOrDie() const {
+    CHECK(IsValid());
+    return state_.value();
+  }
+
+  // ValueOrDefault(T default_value) A convenience method that returns the
+  // current value if the state is valid, and the supplied default_value for
+  // any other state.
+  T ValueOrDefault(T default_value) const {
+    return IsValid() ? state_.value() : default_value;
+  }
+
+  // ValueFloating() - Since floating point values include their validity state,
+  // we provide an easy method for extracting them directly, without a risk of
+  // crashing on a CHECK.
+  T ValueFloating() const {
+    COMPILE_ASSERT(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559, argument_must_be_float);
+    return CheckedNumeric<T>::cast(*this).ValueUnsafe();
+  }
+
+  // validity() - DO NOT USE THIS IN EXTERNAL CODE - It is public right now for
+  // tests and to avoid a big matrix of friend operator overloads. But the
+  // values it returns are likely to change in the future.
+  // Returns: current validity state (i.e. valid, overflow, underflow, nan).
+  // TODO(jschuh): crbug.com/332611 Figure out and implement semantics for
+  // saturation/wrapping so we can expose this state consistently and implement
+  // saturated arithmetic.
+  RangeConstraint validity() const { return state_.validity(); }
+
+  // ValueUnsafe() - DO NOT USE THIS IN EXTERNAL CODE - It is public right now
+  // for tests and to avoid a big matrix of friend operator overloads. But the
+  // values it returns are likely to change in the future.
+  // Returns: the raw numeric value, regardless of the current state.
+  // TODO(jschuh): crbug.com/332611 Figure out and implement semantics for
+  // saturation/wrapping so we can expose this state consistently and implement
+  // saturated arithmetic.
+  T ValueUnsafe() const { return state_.value(); }
+
+  // Prototypes for the supported arithmetic operator overloads.
+  template <typename Src> CheckedNumeric& operator+=(Src rhs);
+  template <typename Src> CheckedNumeric& operator-=(Src rhs);
+  template <typename Src> CheckedNumeric& operator*=(Src rhs);
+  template <typename Src> CheckedNumeric& operator/=(Src rhs);
+  template <typename Src> CheckedNumeric& operator%=(Src rhs);
+
+  CheckedNumeric operator-() const {
+    RangeConstraint validity;
+    T value = CheckedNeg(state_.value(), &validity);
+    // Negation is always valid for floating point.
+    if (std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559)
+      return CheckedNumeric<T>(value);
+
+    validity = GetRangeConstraint(state_.validity() | validity);
+    return CheckedNumeric<T>(value, validity);
+  }
+
+  CheckedNumeric Abs() const {
+    RangeConstraint validity;
+    T value = CheckedAbs(state_.value(), &validity);
+    // Absolute value is always valid for floating point.
+    if (std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559)
+      return CheckedNumeric<T>(value);
+
+    validity = GetRangeConstraint(state_.validity() | validity);
+    return CheckedNumeric<T>(value, validity);
+  }
+
+  CheckedNumeric& operator++() {
+    *this += 1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  CheckedNumeric operator++(int) {
+    CheckedNumeric value = *this;
+    *this += 1;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  CheckedNumeric& operator--() {
+    *this -= 1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  CheckedNumeric operator--(int) {
+    CheckedNumeric value = *this;
+    *this -= 1;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // These static methods behave like a convenience cast operator targeting
+  // the desired CheckedNumeric type. As an optimization, a reference is
+  // returned when Src is the same type as T.
+  template <typename Src>
+  static CheckedNumeric<T> cast(
+      Src u,
+      typename enable_if<std::numeric_limits<Src>::is_specialized, int>::type =
+          0) {
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Src>
+  static CheckedNumeric<T> cast(
+      const CheckedNumeric<Src>& u,
+      typename enable_if<!is_same<Src, T>::value, int>::type = 0) {
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  static const CheckedNumeric<T>& cast(const CheckedNumeric<T>& u) { return u; }
+
+ private:
+  CheckedNumericState<T> state_;
+};
+
+// This is the boilerplate for the standard arithmetic operator overloads. A
+// macro isn't the prettiest solution, but it beats rewriting these five times.
+// Some details worth noting are:
+//  * We apply the standard arithmetic promotions.
+//  * We skip range checks for floating points.
+//  * We skip range checks for destination integers with sufficient range.
+// TODO(jschuh): extract these out into templates.
+#define BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(NAME, OP, COMPOUND_OP)              \
+  /* Binary arithmetic operator for CheckedNumerics of the same type. */      \
+  template <typename T>                                                       \
+  CheckedNumeric<typename ArithmeticPromotion<T>::type> operator OP(          \
+      const CheckedNumeric<T>& lhs, const CheckedNumeric<T>& rhs) {           \
+    typedef typename ArithmeticPromotion<T>::type Promotion;                  \
+    /* Floating point always takes the fast path */                           \
+    if (std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559)                                    \
+      return CheckedNumeric<T>(lhs.ValueUnsafe() OP rhs.ValueUnsafe());       \
+    if (IsIntegerArithmeticSafe<Promotion, T, T>::value)                      \
+      return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>(                                       \
+          lhs.ValueUnsafe() OP rhs.ValueUnsafe(),                             \
+          GetRangeConstraint(rhs.validity() | lhs.validity()));               \
+    RangeConstraint validity = RANGE_VALID;                                   \
+    T result = Checked##NAME(static_cast<Promotion>(lhs.ValueUnsafe()),       \
+                             static_cast<Promotion>(rhs.ValueUnsafe()),       \
+                             &validity);                                      \
+    return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>(                                         \
+        result,                                                               \
+        GetRangeConstraint(validity | lhs.validity() | rhs.validity()));      \
+  }                                                                           \
+  /* Assignment arithmetic operator implementation from CheckedNumeric. */    \
+  template <typename T>                                                       \
+  template <typename Src>                                                     \
+  CheckedNumeric<T>& CheckedNumeric<T>::operator COMPOUND_OP(Src rhs) {       \
+    *this = CheckedNumeric<T>::cast(*this) OP CheckedNumeric<Src>::cast(rhs); \
+    return *this;                                                             \
+  }                                                                           \
+  /* Binary arithmetic operator for CheckedNumeric of different type. */      \
+  template <typename T, typename Src>                                         \
+  CheckedNumeric<typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type> operator OP(     \
+      const CheckedNumeric<Src>& lhs, const CheckedNumeric<T>& rhs) {         \
+    typedef typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type Promotion;             \
+    if (IsIntegerArithmeticSafe<Promotion, T, Src>::value)                    \
+      return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>(                                       \
+          lhs.ValueUnsafe() OP rhs.ValueUnsafe(),                             \
+          GetRangeConstraint(rhs.validity() | lhs.validity()));               \
+    return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(lhs)                               \
+        OP CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(rhs);                              \
+  }                                                                           \
+  /* Binary arithmetic operator for left CheckedNumeric and right numeric. */ \
+  template <typename T, typename Src>                                         \
+  CheckedNumeric<typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type> operator OP(     \
+      const CheckedNumeric<T>& lhs, Src rhs) {                                \
+    typedef typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type Promotion;             \
+    if (IsIntegerArithmeticSafe<Promotion, T, Src>::value)                    \
+      return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>(lhs.ValueUnsafe() OP rhs,              \
+                                       lhs.validity());                       \
+    return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(lhs)                               \
+        OP CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(rhs);                              \
+  }                                                                           \
+  /* Binary arithmetic operator for right numeric and left CheckedNumeric. */ \
+  template <typename T, typename Src>                                         \
+  CheckedNumeric<typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type> operator OP(     \
+      Src lhs, const CheckedNumeric<T>& rhs) {                                \
+    typedef typename ArithmeticPromotion<T, Src>::type Promotion;             \
+    if (IsIntegerArithmeticSafe<Promotion, T, Src>::value)                    \
+      return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>(lhs OP rhs.ValueUnsafe(),              \
+                                       rhs.validity());                       \
+    return CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(lhs)                               \
+        OP CheckedNumeric<Promotion>::cast(rhs);                              \
+  }
+
+BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(Add, +, += )
+BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(Sub, -, -= )
+BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(Mul, *, *= )
+BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(Div, /, /= )
+BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS(Mod, %, %= )
+
+#undef BASE_NUMERIC_ARITHMETIC_OPERATORS
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+using internal::CheckedNumeric;
+
+}  // namespace base
+
+#endif  // BASE_SAFE_MATH_H_