Add data-URI support class to dart:core (next to Uri).

sdk/lib/core/uri.dart

Index: sdk/lib/core/uri.dart
diff --git a/sdk/lib/core/uri.dart b/sdk/lib/core/uri.dart
deleted file mode 100644
index 10aa827cb190c6e93a8889cad67312629145d5f5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/sdk/lib/core/uri.dart
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2613 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
-// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
-// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-part of dart.core;
-
-/**
- * A parsed URI, such as a URL.
- *
- * **See also:**
- *
- * * [URIs][uris] in the [library tour][libtour]
- * * [RFC-3986](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986)
- *
- * [uris]: http://www.dartlang.org/docs/dart-up-and-running/contents/ch03.html#ch03-uri
- * [libtour]: http://www.dartlang.org/docs/dart-up-and-running/contents/ch03.html
- */
-class Uri {
-  /**
-   * The scheme component of the URI.
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no scheme component.
-   *
-   * A URI scheme is case insensitive.
-   * The returned scheme is canonicalized to lowercase letters.
-   */
-  // We represent the missing scheme as an empty string.
-  // A valid scheme cannot be empty.
-  final String scheme;
-
-  /**
-   * The user-info part of the authority.
-   *
-   * Does not distinguish between an empty user-info and an absent one.
-   * The value is always non-null.
-   * Is considered absent if [_host] is `null`.
-   */
-  final String _userInfo;
-
-  /**
-   * The host name of the URI.
-   *
-   * Set to `null` if there is no authority in the URI.
-   * The host name is the only mandatory part of an authority, so we use
-   * it to mark whether an authority part was present or not.
-   */
-  final String _host;
-
-  /**
-   * The port number part of the authority.
-   *
-   * The port. Set to null if there is no port. Normalized to null if
-   * the port is the default port for the scheme.
-   */
-  int _port;
-
-  /**
-   * The path of the URI.
-   *
-   * Always non-null.
-   */
-  String _path;
-
-  // The query content, or null if there is no query.
-  final String _query;
-
-  // The fragment content, or null if there is no fragment.
-  final String _fragment;
-
-  /**
-   * Cache the computed return value of [pathSegements].
-   */
-  List<String> _pathSegments;
-
-  /**
-   * Cache the computed return value of [queryParameters].
-   */
-  Map<String, String> _queryParameters;
-
-  /// Internal non-verifying constructor. Only call with validated arguments.
-  Uri._internal(this.scheme,
-                this._userInfo,
-                this._host,
-                this._port,
-                this._path,
-                this._query,
-                this._fragment);
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a new URI from its components.
-   *
-   * Each component is set through a named argument. Any number of
-   * components can be provided. The [path] and [query] components can be set
-   * using either of two different named arguments.
-   *
-   * The scheme component is set through [scheme]. The scheme is
-   * normalized to all lowercase letters. If the scheme is omitted or empty,
-   * the URI will not have a scheme part.
-   *
-   * The user info part of the authority component is set through
-   * [userInfo]. It defaults to the empty string, which will be omitted
-   * from the string representation of the URI.
-   *
-   * The host part of the authority component is set through
-   * [host]. The host can either be a hostname, an IPv4 address or an
-   * IPv6 address, contained in '[' and ']'. If the host contains a
-   * ':' character, the '[' and ']' are added if not already provided.
-   * The host is normalized to all lowercase letters.
-   *
-   * The port part of the authority component is set through
-   * [port].
-   * If [port] is omitted or `null`, it implies the default port for
-   * the URI's scheme, and is equivalent to passing that port explicitly.
-   * The recognized schemes, and their default ports, are "http" (80) and
-   * "https" (443). All other schemes are considered as having zero as the
-   * default port.
-   *
-   * If any of `userInfo`, `host` or `port` are provided,
-   * the URI will have an autority according to [hasAuthority].
-   *
-   * The path component is set through either [path] or
-   * [pathSegments]. When [path] is used, it should be a valid URI path,
-   * but invalid characters, except the general delimiters ':/@[]?#',
-   * will be escaped if necessary.
-   * When [pathSegments] is used, each of the provided segments
-   * is first percent-encoded and then joined using the forward slash
-   * separator. The percent-encoding of the path segments encodes all
-   * characters except for the unreserved characters and the following
-   * list of characters: `!$&'()*+,;=:@`. If the other components
-   * calls for an absolute path a leading slash `/` is prepended if
-   * not already there.
-   *
-   * The query component is set through either [query] or
-   * [queryParameters]. When [query] is used the provided string should
-   * be a valid URI query, but invalid characters other than general delimiters,
-   * will be escaped if necessary.
-   * When [queryParameters] is used the query is built from the
-   * provided map. Each key and value in the map is percent-encoded
-   * and joined using equal and ampersand characters. The
-   * percent-encoding of the keys and values encodes all characters
-   * except for the unreserved characters.
-   * If `query` is the empty string, it is equivalent to omitting it.
-   * To have an actual empty query part,
-   * use an empty list for `queryParameters`.
-   * If both `query` and `queryParameters` are omitted or `null`, the
-   * URI will have no query part.
-   *
-   * The fragment component is set through [fragment].
-   * It should be a valid URI fragment, but invalid characters other than
-   * general delimiters, will be escaped if necessary.
-   * If `fragment` is omitted or `null`, the URI will have no fragment part.
-   */
-  factory Uri({String scheme : "",
-               String userInfo : "",
-               String host,
-               int port,
-               String path,
-               Iterable<String> pathSegments,
-               String query,
-               Map<String, String> queryParameters,
-               String fragment}) {
-    scheme = _makeScheme(scheme, 0, _stringOrNullLength(scheme));
-    userInfo = _makeUserInfo(userInfo, 0, _stringOrNullLength(userInfo));
-    host = _makeHost(host, 0, _stringOrNullLength(host), false);
-    // Special case this constructor for backwards compatibility.
-    if (query == "") query = null;
-    query = _makeQuery(query, 0, _stringOrNullLength(query), queryParameters);
-    fragment = _makeFragment(fragment, 0, _stringOrNullLength(fragment));
-    port = _makePort(port, scheme);
-    bool isFile = (scheme == "file");
-    if (host == null &&
-        (userInfo.isNotEmpty || port != null || isFile)) {
-      host = "";
-    }
-    bool hasAuthority = (host != null);
-    path = _makePath(path, 0, _stringOrNullLength(path), pathSegments,
-                     scheme, hasAuthority);
-    if (scheme.isEmpty && host == null && !path.startsWith('/')) {
-      path = _normalizeRelativePath(path);
-    } else {
-      path = _removeDotSegments(path);
-    }
-    return new Uri._internal(scheme, userInfo, host, port,
-                             path, query, fragment);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a new `http` URI from authority, path and query.
-   *
-   * Examples:
-   *
-   * ```
-   * // http://example.org/path?q=dart.
-   * new Uri.http("google.com", "/search", { "q" : "dart" });
-   *
-   * // http://user:pass@localhost:8080
-   * new Uri.http("user:pass@localhost:8080", "");
-   *
-   * // http://example.org/a%20b
-   * new Uri.http("example.org", "a b");
-   *
-   * // http://example.org/a%252F
-   * new Uri.http("example.org", "/a%2F");
-   * ```
-   *
-   * The `scheme` is always set to `http`.
-   *
-   * The `userInfo`, `host` and `port` components are set from the
-   * [authority] argument. If `authority` is `null` or empty,
-   * the created `Uri` will have no authority, and will not be directly usable
-   * as an HTTP URL, which must have a non-empty host.
-   *
-   * The `path` component is set from the [unencodedPath]
-   * argument. The path passed must not be encoded as this constructor
-   * encodes the path.
-   *
-   * The `query` component is set from the optional [queryParameters]
-   * argument.
-   */
-  factory Uri.http(String authority,
-                   String unencodedPath,
-                   [Map<String, String> queryParameters]) {
-    return _makeHttpUri("http", authority, unencodedPath, queryParameters);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a new `https` URI from authority, path and query.
-   *
-   * This constructor is the same as [Uri.http] except for the scheme
-   * which is set to `https`.
-   */
-  factory Uri.https(String authority,
-                    String unencodedPath,
-                    [Map<String, String> queryParameters]) {
-    return _makeHttpUri("https", authority, unencodedPath, queryParameters);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the authority component.
-   *
-   * The authority is formatted from the [userInfo], [host] and [port]
-   * parts.
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no authority component.
-   */
-  String get authority {
-    if (!hasAuthority) return "";
-    var sb = new StringBuffer();
-    _writeAuthority(sb);
-    return sb.toString();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the user info part of the authority component.
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no user info in the
-   * authority component.
-   */
-  String get userInfo => _userInfo;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the host part of the authority component.
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no authority component and
-   * hence no host.
-   *
-   * If the host is an IP version 6 address, the surrounding `[` and `]` is
-   * removed.
-   *
-   * The host string is case-insensitive.
-   * The returned host name is canonicalized to lower-case
-   * with upper-case percent-escapes.
-   */
-  String get host {
-    if (_host == null) return "";
-    if (_host.startsWith('[')) {
-      return _host.substring(1, _host.length - 1);
-    }
-    return _host;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the port part of the authority component.
-   *
-   * Returns the defualt port if there is no port number in the authority
-   * component. That's 80 for http, 443 for https, and 0 for everything else.
-   */
-  int get port {
-    if (_port == null) return _defaultPort(scheme);
-    return _port;
-  }
-
-  // The default port for the scheme of this Uri..
-  static int _defaultPort(String scheme) {
-    if (scheme == "http") return 80;
-    if (scheme == "https") return 443;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the path component.
-   *
-   * The returned path is encoded. To get direct access to the decoded
-   * path use [pathSegments].
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no path component.
-   */
-  String get path => _path;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the query component. The returned query is encoded. To get
-   * direct access to the decoded query use [queryParameters].
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no query component.
-   */
-  String get query => (_query == null) ? "" : _query;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the fragment identifier component.
-   *
-   * Returns the empty string if there is no fragment identifier
-   * component.
-   */
-  String get fragment => (_fragment == null) ? "" : _fragment;
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a new `Uri` object by parsing a URI string.
-   *
-   * If [start] and [end] are provided, only the substring from `start`
-   * to `end` is parsed as a URI.
-   *
-   * If the string is not valid as a URI or URI reference,
-   * a [FormatException] is thrown.
-   */
-  static Uri parse(String uri, [int start = 0, int end]) {
-    // This parsing will not validate percent-encoding, IPv6, etc.
-    // When done splitting into parts, it will call, e.g., [_makeFragment]
-    // to do the final parsing.
-    //
-    // Important parts of the RFC 3986 used here:
-    // URI           = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
-    //
-    // hier-part     = "//" authority path-abempty
-    //               / path-absolute
-    //               / path-rootless
-    //               / path-empty
-    //
-    // URI-reference = URI / relative-ref
-    //
-    // absolute-URI  = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ]
-    //
-    // relative-ref  = relative-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
-    //
-    // relative-part = "//" authority path-abempty
-    //               / path-absolute
-    //               / path-noscheme
-    //               / path-empty
-    //
-    // scheme        = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
-    //
-    // authority     = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
-    // userinfo      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
-    // host          = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name
-    // port          = *DIGIT
-    // reg-name      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
-    //
-    // path          = path-abempty    ; begins with "/" or is empty
-    //               / path-absolute   ; begins with "/" but not "//"
-    //               / path-noscheme   ; begins with a non-colon segment
-    //               / path-rootless   ; begins with a segment
-    //               / path-empty      ; zero characters
-    //
-    // path-abempty  = *( "/" segment )
-    // path-absolute = "/" [ segment-nz *( "/" segment ) ]
-    // path-noscheme = segment-nz-nc *( "/" segment )
-    // path-rootless = segment-nz *( "/" segment )
-    // path-empty    = 0<pchar>
-    //
-    // segment       = *pchar
-    // segment-nz    = 1*pchar
-    // segment-nz-nc = 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / "@" )
-    //               ; non-zero-length segment without any colon ":"
-    //
-    // pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
-    //
-    // query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
-    //
-    // fragment      = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
-    const int EOI = -1;
-
-    String scheme = "";
-    String userinfo = "";
-    String host = null;
-    int port = null;
-    String path = null;
-    String query = null;
-    String fragment = null;
-    if (end == null) end = uri.length;
-
-    int index = start;
-    int pathStart = start;
-    // End of input-marker.
-    int char = EOI;
-
-    void parseAuth() {
-      if (index == end) {
-        char = EOI;
-        return;
-      }
-      int authStart = index;
-      int lastColon = -1;
-      int lastAt = -1;
-      char = uri.codeUnitAt(index);
-      while (index < end) {
-        char = uri.codeUnitAt(index);
-        if (char == _SLASH || char == _QUESTION || char == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-          break;
-        }
-        if (char == _AT_SIGN) {
-          lastAt = index;
-          lastColon = -1;
-        } else if (char == _COLON) {
-          lastColon = index;
-        } else if (char == _LEFT_BRACKET) {
-          lastColon = -1;
-          int endBracket = uri.indexOf(']', index + 1);
-          if (endBracket == -1) {
-            index = end;
-            char = EOI;
-            break;
-          } else {
-            index = endBracket;
-          }
-        }
-        index++;
-        char = EOI;
-      }
-      int hostStart = authStart;
-      int hostEnd = index;
-      if (lastAt >= 0) {
-        userinfo = _makeUserInfo(uri, authStart, lastAt);
-        hostStart = lastAt + 1;
-      }
-      if (lastColon >= 0) {
-        int portNumber;
-        if (lastColon + 1 < index) {
-          portNumber = 0;
-          for (int i = lastColon + 1; i < index; i++) {
-            int digit = uri.codeUnitAt(i);
-            if (_ZERO > digit || _NINE < digit) {
-              _fail(uri, i, "Invalid port number");
-            }
-            portNumber = portNumber * 10 + (digit - _ZERO);
-          }
-        }
-        port = _makePort(portNumber, scheme);
-        hostEnd = lastColon;
-      }
-      host = _makeHost(uri, hostStart, hostEnd, true);
-      if (index < end) {
-        char = uri.codeUnitAt(index);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // When reaching path parsing, the current character is known to not
-    // be part of the path.
-    const int NOT_IN_PATH = 0;
-    // When reaching path parsing, the current character is part
-    // of the a non-empty path.
-    const int IN_PATH = 1;
-    // When reaching authority parsing, authority is possible.
-    // This is only true at start or right after scheme.
-    const int ALLOW_AUTH = 2;
-
-    // Current state.
-    // Initialized to the default value that is used when exiting the
-    // scheme loop by reaching the end of input.
-    // All other breaks set their own state.
-    int state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-    int i = index;  // Temporary alias for index to avoid bug 19550 in dart2js.
-    while (i < end) {
-      char = uri.codeUnitAt(i);
-      if (char == _QUESTION || char == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-        state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-        break;
-      }
-      if (char == _SLASH) {
-        state = (i == start) ? ALLOW_AUTH : IN_PATH;
-        break;
-      }
-      if (char == _COLON) {
-        if (i == start) _fail(uri, start, "Invalid empty scheme");
-        scheme = _makeScheme(uri, start, i);
-        i++;
-        pathStart = i;
-        if (i == end) {
-          char = EOI;
-          state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-        } else {
-          char = uri.codeUnitAt(i);
-          if (char == _QUESTION || char == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-            state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-          } else if (char == _SLASH) {
-            state = ALLOW_AUTH;
-          } else {
-            state = IN_PATH;
-          }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      i++;
-      char = EOI;
-    }
-    index = i;  // Remove alias when bug is fixed.
-
-    if (state == ALLOW_AUTH) {
-      assert(char == _SLASH);
-      // Have seen one slash either at start or right after scheme.
-      // If two slashes, it's an authority, otherwise it's just the path.
-      index++;
-      if (index == end) {
-        char = EOI;
-        state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-      } else {
-        char = uri.codeUnitAt(index);
-        if (char == _SLASH) {
-          index++;
-          parseAuth();
-          pathStart = index;
-        }
-        if (char == _QUESTION || char == _NUMBER_SIGN || char == EOI) {
-          state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-        } else {
-          state = IN_PATH;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    assert(state == IN_PATH || state == NOT_IN_PATH);
-    if (state == IN_PATH) {
-      // Characters from pathStart to index (inclusive) are known
-      // to be part of the path.
-      while (++index < end) {
-        char = uri.codeUnitAt(index);
-        if (char == _QUESTION || char == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-          break;
-        }
-        char = EOI;
-      }
-      state = NOT_IN_PATH;
-    }
-
-    assert(state == NOT_IN_PATH);
-    bool hasAuthority = (host != null);
-    path = _makePath(uri, pathStart, index, null, scheme, hasAuthority);
-
-    if (char == _QUESTION) {
-      int numberSignIndex = -1;
-      for (int i = index + 1; i < end; i++) {
-        if (uri.codeUnitAt(i) == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-          numberSignIndex = i;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (numberSignIndex < 0) {
-        query = _makeQuery(uri, index + 1, end, null);
-      } else {
-        query = _makeQuery(uri, index + 1, numberSignIndex, null);
-        fragment = _makeFragment(uri, numberSignIndex + 1, end);
-      }
-    } else if (char == _NUMBER_SIGN) {
-      fragment = _makeFragment(uri, index + 1, end);
-    }
-    return new Uri._internal(scheme,
-                             userinfo,
-                             host,
-                             port,
-                             path,
-                             query,
-                             fragment);
-  }
-
-  // Report a parse failure.
-  static void _fail(String uri, int index, String message) {
-    throw new FormatException(message, uri, index);
-  }
-
-  static Uri _makeHttpUri(String scheme,
-                          String authority,
-                          String unencodedPath,
-                          Map<String, String> queryParameters) {
-    var userInfo = "";
-    var host = null;
-    var port = null;
-
-    if (authority != null && authority.isNotEmpty) {
-      var hostStart = 0;
-      // Split off the user info.
-      bool hasUserInfo = false;
-      for (int i = 0; i < authority.length; i++) {
-        if (authority.codeUnitAt(i) == _AT_SIGN) {
-          hasUserInfo = true;
-          userInfo = authority.substring(0, i);
-          hostStart = i + 1;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      var hostEnd = hostStart;
-      if (hostStart < authority.length &&
-          authority.codeUnitAt(hostStart) == _LEFT_BRACKET) {
-        // IPv6 host.
-        for (; hostEnd < authority.length; hostEnd++) {
-          if (authority.codeUnitAt(hostEnd) == _RIGHT_BRACKET) break;
-        }
-        if (hostEnd == authority.length) {
-          throw new FormatException("Invalid IPv6 host entry.",
-                                    authority, hostStart);
-        }
-        parseIPv6Address(authority, hostStart + 1, hostEnd);
-        hostEnd++;  // Skip the closing bracket.
-        if (hostEnd != authority.length &&
-            authority.codeUnitAt(hostEnd) != _COLON) {
-          throw new FormatException("Invalid end of authority",
-                                    authority, hostEnd);
-        }
-      }
-      // Split host and port.
-      bool hasPort = false;
-      for (; hostEnd < authority.length; hostEnd++) {
-        if (authority.codeUnitAt(hostEnd) == _COLON) {
-          var portString = authority.substring(hostEnd + 1);
-          // We allow the empty port - falling back to initial value.
-          if (portString.isNotEmpty) port = int.parse(portString);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      host = authority.substring(hostStart, hostEnd);
-    }
-    return new Uri(scheme: scheme,
-                   userInfo: userInfo,
-                   host: host,
-                   port: port,
-                   pathSegments: unencodedPath.split("/"),
-                   queryParameters: queryParameters);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a new file URI from an absolute or relative file path.
-   *
-   * The file path is passed in [path].
-   *
-   * This path is interpreted using either Windows or non-Windows
-   * semantics.
-   *
-   * With non-Windows semantics the slash ("/") is used to separate
-   * path segments.
-   *
-   * With Windows semantics, backslash ("\") and forward-slash ("/")
-   * are used to separate path segments, except if the path starts
-   * with "\\?\" in which case, only backslash ("\") separates path
-   * segments.
-   *
-   * If the path starts with a path separator an absolute URI is
-   * created. Otherwise a relative URI is created. One exception from
-   * this rule is that when Windows semantics is used and the path
-   * starts with a drive letter followed by a colon (":") and a
-   * path separator then an absolute URI is created.
-   *
-   * The default for whether to use Windows or non-Windows semantics
-   * determined from the platform Dart is running on. When running in
-   * the standalone VM this is detected by the VM based on the
-   * operating system. When running in a browser non-Windows semantics
-   * is always used.
-   *
-   * To override the automatic detection of which semantics to use pass
-   * a value for [windows]. Passing `true` will use Windows
-   * semantics and passing `false` will use non-Windows semantics.
-   *
-   * Examples using non-Windows semantics:
-   *
-   * ```
-   * // xxx/yyy
-   * new Uri.file("xxx/yyy", windows: false);
-   *
-   * // xxx/yyy/
-   * new Uri.file("xxx/yyy/", windows: false);
-   *
-   * // file:///xxx/yyy
-   * new Uri.file("/xxx/yyy", windows: false);
-   *
-   * // file:///xxx/yyy/
-   * new Uri.file("/xxx/yyy/", windows: false);
-   *
-   * // C:
-   * new Uri.file("C:", windows: false);
-   * ```
-   *
-   * Examples using Windows semantics:
-   *
-   * ```
-   * // xxx/yyy
-   * new Uri.file(r"xxx\yyy", windows: true);
-   *
-   * // xxx/yyy/
-   * new Uri.file(r"xxx\yyy\", windows: true);
-   *
-   * file:///xxx/yyy
-   * new Uri.file(r"\xxx\yyy", windows: true);
-   *
-   * file:///xxx/yyy/
-   * new Uri.file(r"\xxx\yyy/", windows: true);
-   *
-   * // file:///C:/xxx/yyy
-   * new Uri.file(r"C:\xxx\yyy", windows: true);
-   *
-   * // This throws an error. A path with a drive letter is not absolute.
-   * new Uri.file(r"C:", windows: true);
-   *
-   * // This throws an error. A path with a drive letter is not absolute.
-   * new Uri.file(r"C:xxx\yyy", windows: true);
-   *
-   * // file://server/share/file
-   * new Uri.file(r"\\server\share\file", windows: true);
-   * ```
-   *
-   * If the path passed is not a legal file path [ArgumentError] is thrown.
-   */
-  factory Uri.file(String path, {bool windows}) {
-    windows = (windows == null) ? Uri._isWindows : windows;
-    return windows ? _makeWindowsFileUrl(path, false)
-                   : _makeFileUri(path, false);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Like [Uri.file] except that a non-empty URI path ends in a slash.
-   *
-   * If [path] is not empty, and it doesn't end in a directory separator,
-   * then a slash is added to the returned URI's path.
-   * In all other cases, the result is the same as returned by `Uri.file`.
-   */
-  factory Uri.directory(String path, {bool windows}) {
-    windows = (windows == null) ? Uri._isWindows : windows;
-    return windows ? _makeWindowsFileUrl(path, true)
-                   : _makeFileUri(path, true);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the natural base URI for the current platform.
-   *
-   * When running in a browser this is the current URL (from
-   * `window.location.href`).
-   *
-   * When not running in a browser this is the file URI referencing
-   * the current working directory.
-   */
-  external static Uri get base;
-
-  external static bool get _isWindows;
-
-  static _checkNonWindowsPathReservedCharacters(List<String> segments,
-                                                bool argumentError) {
-    segments.forEach((segment) {
-      if (segment.contains("/")) {
-        if (argumentError) {
-          throw new ArgumentError("Illegal path character $segment");
-        } else {
-          throw new UnsupportedError("Illegal path character $segment");
-        }
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  static _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(List<String> segments,
-                                             bool argumentError,
-                                             [int firstSegment = 0]) {
-    for (var segment in segments.skip(firstSegment)) {
-      if (segment.contains(new RegExp(r'["*/:<>?\\|]'))) {
-        if (argumentError) {
-          throw new ArgumentError("Illegal character in path");
-        } else {
-          throw new UnsupportedError("Illegal character in path");
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  static _checkWindowsDriveLetter(int charCode, bool argumentError) {
-    if ((_UPPER_CASE_A <= charCode && charCode <= _UPPER_CASE_Z) ||
-        (_LOWER_CASE_A <= charCode && charCode <= _LOWER_CASE_Z)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (argumentError) {
-      throw new ArgumentError("Illegal drive letter " +
-                              new String.fromCharCode(charCode));
-    } else {
-      throw new UnsupportedError("Illegal drive letter " +
-                              new String.fromCharCode(charCode));
-    }
-  }
-
-  static _makeFileUri(String path, bool slashTerminated) {
-    const String sep = "/";
-    var segments = path.split(sep);
-    if (slashTerminated &&
-        segments.isNotEmpty &&
-        segments.last.isNotEmpty) {
-      segments.add("");  // Extra separator at end.
-    }
-    if (path.startsWith(sep)) {
-      // Absolute file:// URI.
-      return new Uri(scheme: "file", pathSegments: segments);
-    } else {
-      // Relative URI.
-      return new Uri(pathSegments: segments);
-    }
-  }
-
-  static _makeWindowsFileUrl(String path, bool slashTerminated) {
-    if (path.startsWith(r"\\?\")) {
-      if (path.startsWith(r"UNC\", 4)) {
-        path = path.replaceRange(0, 7, r'\');
-      } else {
-        path = path.substring(4);
-        if (path.length < 3 ||
-            path.codeUnitAt(1) != _COLON ||
-            path.codeUnitAt(2) != _BACKSLASH) {
-          throw new ArgumentError(
-              r"Windows paths with \\?\ prefix must be absolute");
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      path = path.replaceAll("/", r'\');
-    }
-    const String sep = r'\';
-    if (path.length > 1 && path.codeUnitAt(1) == _COLON) {
-      _checkWindowsDriveLetter(path.codeUnitAt(0), true);
-      if (path.length == 2 || path.codeUnitAt(2) != _BACKSLASH) {
-        throw new ArgumentError(
-            "Windows paths with drive letter must be absolute");
-      }
-      // Absolute file://C:/ URI.
-      var pathSegments = path.split(sep);
-      if (slashTerminated &&
-          pathSegments.last.isNotEmpty) {
-        pathSegments.add("");  // Extra separator at end.
-      }
-      _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(pathSegments, true, 1);
-      return new Uri(scheme: "file", pathSegments: pathSegments);
-    }
-
-    if (path.startsWith(sep)) {
-      if (path.startsWith(sep, 1)) {
-        // Absolute file:// URI with host.
-        int pathStart = path.indexOf(r'\', 2);
-        String hostPart =
-            (pathStart < 0) ? path.substring(2) : path.substring(2, pathStart);
-        String pathPart =
-            (pathStart < 0) ? "" : path.substring(pathStart + 1);
-        var pathSegments = pathPart.split(sep);
-        _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(pathSegments, true);
-        if (slashTerminated &&
-            pathSegments.last.isNotEmpty) {
-          pathSegments.add("");  // Extra separator at end.
-        }
-        return new Uri(
-            scheme: "file", host: hostPart, pathSegments: pathSegments);
-      } else {
-        // Absolute file:// URI.
-        var pathSegments = path.split(sep);
-        if (slashTerminated &&
-            pathSegments.last.isNotEmpty) {
-          pathSegments.add("");  // Extra separator at end.
-        }
-        _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(pathSegments, true);
-        return new Uri(scheme: "file", pathSegments: pathSegments);
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Relative URI.
-      var pathSegments = path.split(sep);
-      _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(pathSegments, true);
-      if (slashTerminated &&
-          pathSegments.isNotEmpty &&
-          pathSegments.last.isNotEmpty) {
-        pathSegments.add("");  // Extra separator at end.
-      }
-      return new Uri(pathSegments: pathSegments);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a new `Uri` based on this one, but with some parts replaced.
-   *
-   * This method takes the same parameters as the [new Uri] constructor,
-   * and they have the same meaning.
-   *
-   * At most one of [path] and [pathSegments] must be provided.
-   * Likewise, at most one of [query] and [queryParameters] must be provided.
-   *
-   * Each part that is not provided will default to the corresponding
-   * value from this `Uri` instead.
-   *
-   * This method is different from [Uri.resolve] which overrides in a
-   * hierarchial manner,
-   * and can instead replace each part of a `Uri` individually.
-   *
-   * Example:
-   *
-   *     Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("a://b@c:4/d/e?f#g");
-   *     Uri uri2 = uri1.replace(scheme: "A", path: "D/E/E", fragment: "G");
-   *     print(uri2);  // prints "A://b@c:4/D/E/E/?f#G"
-   *
-   * This method acts similarly to using the `new Uri` constructor with
-   * some of the arguments taken from this `Uri` . Example:
-   *
-   *     Uri uri3 = new Uri(
-   *         scheme: "A",
-   *         userInfo: uri1.userInfo,
-   *         host: uri1.host,
-   *         port: uri1.port,
-   *         path: "D/E/E",
-   *         query: uri1.query,
-   *         fragment: "G");
-   *     print(uri3);  // prints "A://b@c:4/D/E/E/?f#G"
-   *     print(uri2 == uri3);  // prints true.
-   *
-   * Using this method can be seen as a shorthand for the `Uri` constructor
-   * call above, but may also be slightly faster because the parts taken
-   * from this `Uri` need not be checked for validity again.
-   */
-  Uri replace({String scheme,
-               String userInfo,
-               String host,
-               int port,
-               String path,
-               Iterable<String> pathSegments,
-               String query,
-               Map<String, String> queryParameters,
-               String fragment}) {
-    // Set to true if the scheme has (potentially) changed.
-    // In that case, the default port may also have changed and we need
-    // to check even the existing port.
-    bool schemeChanged = false;
-    if (scheme != null) {
-      scheme = _makeScheme(scheme, 0, scheme.length);
-      schemeChanged = true;
-    } else {
-      scheme = this.scheme;
-    }
-    bool isFile = (scheme == "file");
-    if (userInfo != null) {
-      userInfo = _makeUserInfo(userInfo, 0, userInfo.length);
-    } else {
-      userInfo = this._userInfo;
-    }
-    if (port != null) {
-      port = _makePort(port, scheme);
-    } else {
-      port = this._port;
-      if (schemeChanged) {
-        // The default port might have changed.
-        port = _makePort(port, scheme);
-      }
-    }
-    if (host != null) {
-      host = _makeHost(host, 0, host.length, false);
-    } else if (this.hasAuthority) {
-      host = this._host;
-    } else if (userInfo.isNotEmpty || port != null || isFile) {
-      host = "";
-    }
-
-    bool hasAuthority = host != null;
-    if (path != null || pathSegments != null) {
-      path = _makePath(path, 0, _stringOrNullLength(path), pathSegments,
-                       scheme, hasAuthority);
-    } else {
-      path = this._path;
-      if ((isFile || (hasAuthority && !path.isEmpty)) &&
-          !path.startsWith('/')) {
-        path = "/" + path;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (query != null || queryParameters != null) {
-      query = _makeQuery(query, 0, _stringOrNullLength(query), queryParameters);
-    } else {
-      query = this._query;
-    }
-
-    if (fragment != null) {
-      fragment = _makeFragment(fragment, 0, fragment.length);
-    } else {
-      fragment = this._fragment;
-    }
-
-    return new Uri._internal(
-        scheme, userInfo, host, port, path, query, fragment);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a `Uri` that differs from this only in not having a fragment.
-   *
-   * If this `Uri` does not have a fragment, it is itself returned.
-   */
-  Uri removeFragment() {
-    if (!this.hasFragment) return this;
-    return new Uri._internal(scheme, _userInfo, _host, _port,
-                             _path, _query, null);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the URI path split into its segments. Each of the
-   * segments in the returned list have been decoded. If the path is
-   * empty the empty list will be returned. A leading slash `/` does
-   * not affect the segments returned.
-   *
-   * The returned list is unmodifiable and will throw [UnsupportedError] on any
-   * calls that would mutate it.
-   */
-  List<String> get pathSegments {
-    if (_pathSegments == null) {
-      var pathToSplit = !path.isEmpty && path.codeUnitAt(0) == _SLASH
-                        ? path.substring(1)
-                        : path;
-      _pathSegments = new UnmodifiableListView(
-        pathToSplit == "" ? const<String>[]
-                          : pathToSplit.split("/")
-                                       .map(Uri.decodeComponent)
-                                       .toList(growable: false));
-    }
-    return _pathSegments;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the URI query split into a map according to the rules
-   * specified for FORM post in the [HTML 4.01 specification section 17.13.4]
-   * (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4
-   * "HTML 4.01 section 17.13.4"). Each key and value in the returned map
-   * has been decoded. If there is no query the empty map is returned.
-   *
-   * Keys in the query string that have no value are mapped to the
-   * empty string.
-   *
-   * The returned map is unmodifiable and will throw [UnsupportedError] on any
-   * calls that would mutate it.
-   */
-  Map<String, String> get queryParameters {
-    if (_queryParameters == null) {
-      _queryParameters = new UnmodifiableMapView(splitQueryString(query));
-    }
-    return _queryParameters;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a URI where the path has been normalized.
-   *
-   * A normalized path does not contain `.` segments or non-leading `..`
-   * segments.
-   * Only a relative path with no scheme or authority may contain
-   * leading `..` segments,
-   * a path that starts with `/` will also drop any leading `..` segments.
-   *
-   * This uses the same normalization strategy as `new Uri().resolve(this)`.
-   *
-   * Does not change any part of the URI except the path.
-   *
-   * The default implementation of `Uri` always normalizes paths, so calling
-   * this function has no effect.
-   */
-  Uri normalizePath() {
-    String path = _normalizePath(_path, scheme, hasAuthority);
-    if (identical(path, _path)) return this;
-    return this.replace(path: path);
-  }
-
-  static int _makePort(int port, String scheme) {
-    // Perform scheme specific normalization.
-    if (port != null && port == _defaultPort(scheme)) return null;
-    return port;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Check and normalize a host name.
-   *
-   * If the host name starts and ends with '[' and ']', it is considered an
-   * IPv6 address. If [strictIPv6] is false, the address is also considered
-   * an IPv6 address if it contains any ':' character.
-   *
-   * If it is not an IPv6 address, it is case- and escape-normalized.
-   * This escapes all characters not valid in a reg-name,
-   * and converts all non-escape upper-case letters to lower-case.
-   */
-  static String _makeHost(String host, int start, int end, bool strictIPv6) {
-    // TODO(lrn): Should we normalize IPv6 addresses according to RFC 5952?
-    if (host == null) return null;
-    if (start == end) return "";
-    // Host is an IPv6 address if it starts with '[' or contains a colon.
-    if (host.codeUnitAt(start) == _LEFT_BRACKET) {
-      if (host.codeUnitAt(end - 1) != _RIGHT_BRACKET) {
-        _fail(host, start, 'Missing end `]` to match `[` in host');
-      }
-      parseIPv6Address(host, start + 1, end - 1);
-      // RFC 5952 requires hex digits to be lower case.
-      return host.substring(start, end).toLowerCase();
-    }
-    if (!strictIPv6) {
-      // TODO(lrn): skip if too short to be a valid IPv6 address?
-      for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
-        if (host.codeUnitAt(i) == _COLON) {
-          parseIPv6Address(host, start, end);
-          return '[$host]';
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return _normalizeRegName(host, start, end);
-  }
-
-  static bool _isRegNameChar(int char) {
-    return char < 127 && (_regNameTable[char >> 4] & (1 << (char & 0xf))) != 0;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validates and does case- and percent-encoding normalization.
-   *
-   * The [host] must be an RFC3986 "reg-name". It is converted
-   * to lower case, and percent escapes are converted to either
-   * lower case unreserved characters or upper case escapes.
-   */
-  static String _normalizeRegName(String host, int start, int end) {
-    StringBuffer buffer;
-    int sectionStart = start;
-    int index = start;
-    // Whether all characters between sectionStart and index are normalized,
-    bool isNormalized = true;
-
-    while (index < end) {
-      int char = host.codeUnitAt(index);
-      if (char == _PERCENT) {
-        // The _regNameTable contains "%", so we check that first.
-        String replacement = _normalizeEscape(host, index, true);
-        if (replacement == null && isNormalized) {
-          index += 3;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (buffer == null) buffer = new StringBuffer();
-        String slice = host.substring(sectionStart, index);
-        if (!isNormalized) slice = slice.toLowerCase();
-        buffer.write(slice);
-        int sourceLength = 3;
-        if (replacement == null) {
-          replacement = host.substring(index, index + 3);
-        } else if (replacement == "%") {
-          replacement = "%25";
-          sourceLength = 1;
-        }
-        buffer.write(replacement);
-        index += sourceLength;
-        sectionStart = index;
-        isNormalized = true;
-      } else if (_isRegNameChar(char)) {
-        if (isNormalized && _UPPER_CASE_A <= char && _UPPER_CASE_Z >= char) {
-          // Put initial slice in buffer and continue in non-normalized mode
-          if (buffer == null) buffer = new StringBuffer();
-          if (sectionStart < index) {
-            buffer.write(host.substring(sectionStart, index));
-            sectionStart = index;
-          }
-          isNormalized = false;
-        }
-        index++;
-      } else if (_isGeneralDelimiter(char)) {
-        _fail(host, index, "Invalid character");
-      } else {
-        int sourceLength = 1;
-        if ((char & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (index + 1) < end) {
-          int tail = host.codeUnitAt(index + 1);
-          if ((tail & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) {
-            char = 0x10000 | ((char & 0x3ff) << 10) | (tail & 0x3ff);
-            sourceLength = 2;
-          }
-        }
-        if (buffer == null) buffer = new StringBuffer();
-        String slice = host.substring(sectionStart, index);
-        if (!isNormalized) slice = slice.toLowerCase();
-        buffer.write(slice);
-        buffer.write(_escapeChar(char));
-        index += sourceLength;
-        sectionStart = index;
-      }
-    }
-    if (buffer == null) return host.substring(start, end);
-    if (sectionStart < end) {
-      String slice = host.substring(sectionStart, end);
-      if (!isNormalized) slice = slice.toLowerCase();
-      buffer.write(slice);
-    }
-    return buffer.toString();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validates scheme characters and does case-normalization.
-   *
-   * Schemes are converted to lower case. They cannot contain escapes.
-   */
-  static String _makeScheme(String scheme, int start, int end) {
-    if (start == end) return "";
-    final int firstCodeUnit = scheme.codeUnitAt(start);
-    if (!_isAlphabeticCharacter(firstCodeUnit)) {
-      _fail(scheme, start, "Scheme not starting with alphabetic character");
-    }
-    bool containsUpperCase = false;
-    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
-      final int codeUnit = scheme.codeUnitAt(i);
-      if (!_isSchemeCharacter(codeUnit)) {
-        _fail(scheme, i, "Illegal scheme character");
-      }
-      if (_UPPER_CASE_A <= codeUnit && codeUnit <= _UPPER_CASE_Z) {
-        containsUpperCase = true;
-      }
-    }
-    scheme = scheme.substring(start, end);
-    if (containsUpperCase) scheme = scheme.toLowerCase();
-    return scheme;
-  }
-
-  static String _makeUserInfo(String userInfo, int start, int end) {
-    if (userInfo == null) return "";
-    return _normalize(userInfo, start, end, _userinfoTable);
-  }
-
-  static String _makePath(String path, int start, int end,
-                          Iterable<String> pathSegments,
-                          String scheme,
-                          bool hasAuthority) {
-    bool isFile = (scheme == "file");
-    bool ensureLeadingSlash = isFile || hasAuthority;
-    if (path == null && pathSegments == null) return isFile ? "/" : "";
-    if (path != null && pathSegments != null) {
-      throw new ArgumentError('Both path and pathSegments specified');
-    }
-    var result;
-    if (path != null) {
-      result = _normalize(path, start, end, _pathCharOrSlashTable);
-    } else {
-      result = pathSegments.map((s) => _uriEncode(_pathCharTable, s)).join("/");
-    }
-    if (result.isEmpty) {
-      if (isFile) return "/";
-    } else if (ensureLeadingSlash && !result.startsWith('/')) {
-      result = "/" + result;
-    }
-    result = _normalizePath(result, scheme, hasAuthority);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /// Performs path normalization (remove dot segments) on a path.
-  ///
-  /// If the URI has neither scheme nor authority, it's considered a
-  /// "pure path" and normalization won't remove leading ".." segments.
-  /// Otherwise it follows the RFC 3986 "remove dot segments" algorithm.
-  static String _normalizePath(String path, String scheme, bool hasAuthority) {
-    if (scheme.isEmpty && !hasAuthority && !path.startsWith('/')) {
-      return _normalizeRelativePath(path);
-    }
-    return _removeDotSegments(path);
-  }
-
-  static String _makeQuery(String query, int start, int end,
-                           Map<String, String> queryParameters) {
-    if (query == null && queryParameters == null) return null;
-    if (query != null && queryParameters != null) {
-      throw new ArgumentError('Both query and queryParameters specified');
-    }
-    if (query != null) return _normalize(query, start, end, _queryCharTable);
-
-    var result = new StringBuffer();
-    var first = true;
-    queryParameters.forEach((key, value) {
-      if (!first) {
-        result.write("&");
-      }
-      first = false;
-      result.write(Uri.encodeQueryComponent(key));
-      if (value != null && !value.isEmpty) {
-        result.write("=");
-        result.write(Uri.encodeQueryComponent(value));
-      }
-    });
-    return result.toString();
-  }
-
-  static String _makeFragment(String fragment, int start, int end) {
-    if (fragment == null) return null;
-    return _normalize(fragment, start, end, _queryCharTable);
-  }
-
-  static int _stringOrNullLength(String s) => (s == null) ? 0 : s.length;
-
-  static bool _isHexDigit(int char) {
-    if (_NINE >= char) return _ZERO <= char;
-    char |= 0x20;
-    return _LOWER_CASE_A <= char && _LOWER_CASE_F >= char;
-  }
-
-  static int _hexValue(int char) {
-    assert(_isHexDigit(char));
-    if (_NINE >= char) return char - _ZERO;
-    char |= 0x20;
-    return char - (_LOWER_CASE_A - 10);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Performs RFC 3986 Percent-Encoding Normalization.
-   *
-   * Returns a replacement string that should be replace the original escape.
-   * Returns null if no replacement is necessary because the escape is
-   * not for an unreserved character and is already non-lower-case.
-   *
-   * Returns "%" if the escape is invalid (not two valid hex digits following
-   * the percent sign). The calling code should replace the percent
-   * sign with "%25", but leave the following two characters unmodified.
-   *
-   * If [lowerCase] is true, a single character returned is always lower case,
-   */
-  static String _normalizeEscape(String source, int index, bool lowerCase) {
-    assert(source.codeUnitAt(index) == _PERCENT);
-    if (index + 2 >= source.length) {
-      return "%";  // Marks the escape as invalid.
-    }
-    int firstDigit = source.codeUnitAt(index + 1);
-    int secondDigit = source.codeUnitAt(index + 2);
-    if (!_isHexDigit(firstDigit) || !_isHexDigit(secondDigit)) {
-      return "%";  // Marks the escape as invalid.
-    }
-    int value = _hexValue(firstDigit) * 16 + _hexValue(secondDigit);
-    if (_isUnreservedChar(value)) {
-      if (lowerCase && _UPPER_CASE_A <= value && _UPPER_CASE_Z >= value) {
-        value |= 0x20;
-      }
-      return new String.fromCharCode(value);
-    }
-    if (firstDigit >= _LOWER_CASE_A || secondDigit >= _LOWER_CASE_A) {
-      // Either digit is lower case.
-      return source.substring(index, index + 3).toUpperCase();
-    }
-    // Escape is retained, and is already non-lower case, so return null to
-    // represent "no replacement necessary".
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  static bool _isUnreservedChar(int ch) {
-    return ch < 127 &&
-           ((_unreservedTable[ch >> 4] & (1 << (ch & 0x0f))) != 0);
-  }
-
-  static String _escapeChar(char) {
-    assert(char <= 0x10ffff);  // It's a valid unicode code point.
-    const hexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-    List codeUnits;
-    if (char < 0x80) {
-      // ASCII, a single percent encoded sequence.
-      codeUnits = new List(3);
-      codeUnits[0] = _PERCENT;
-      codeUnits[1] = hexDigits.codeUnitAt(char >> 4);
-      codeUnits[2] = hexDigits.codeUnitAt(char & 0xf);
-    } else {
-      // Do UTF-8 encoding of character, then percent encode bytes.
-      int flag = 0xc0;  // The high-bit markers on the first byte of UTF-8.
-      int encodedBytes = 2;
-      if (char > 0x7ff) {
-        flag = 0xe0;
-        encodedBytes = 3;
-        if (char > 0xffff) {
-          encodedBytes = 4;
-          flag = 0xf0;
-        }
-      }
-      codeUnits = new List(3 * encodedBytes);
-      int index = 0;
-      while (--encodedBytes >= 0) {
-        int byte = ((char >> (6 * encodedBytes)) & 0x3f) | flag;
-        codeUnits[index] = _PERCENT;
-        codeUnits[index + 1] = hexDigits.codeUnitAt(byte >> 4);
-        codeUnits[index + 2] = hexDigits.codeUnitAt(byte & 0xf);
-        index += 3;
-        flag = 0x80;  // Following bytes have only high bit set.
-      }
-    }
-    return new String.fromCharCodes(codeUnits);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Runs through component checking that each character is valid and
-   * normalize percent escapes.
-   *
-   * Uses [charTable] to check if a non-`%` character is allowed.
-   * Each `%` character must be followed by two hex digits.
-   * If the hex-digits are lower case letters, they are converted to
-   * upper case.
-   */
-  static String _normalize(String component, int start, int end,
-                           List<int> charTable) {
-    StringBuffer buffer;
-    int sectionStart = start;
-    int index = start;
-    // Loop while characters are valid and escapes correct and upper-case.
-    while (index < end) {
-      int char = component.codeUnitAt(index);
-      if (char < 127 && (charTable[char >> 4] & (1 << (char & 0x0f))) != 0) {
-        index++;
-      } else {
-        String replacement;
-        int sourceLength;
-        if (char == _PERCENT) {
-          replacement = _normalizeEscape(component, index, false);
-          // Returns null if we should keep the existing escape.
-          if (replacement == null) {
-            index += 3;
-            continue;
-          }
-          // Returns "%" if we should escape the existing percent.
-          if ("%" == replacement) {
-            replacement = "%25";
-            sourceLength = 1;
-          } else {
-            sourceLength = 3;
-          }
-        } else if (_isGeneralDelimiter(char)) {
-          _fail(component, index, "Invalid character");
-        } else {
-          sourceLength = 1;
-          if ((char & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) {
-            // Possible lead surrogate.
-            if (index + 1 < end) {
-              int tail = component.codeUnitAt(index + 1);
-              if ((tail & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) {
-                // Tail surrogat.
-                sourceLength = 2;
-                char = 0x10000 | ((char & 0x3ff) << 10) | (tail & 0x3ff);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          replacement = _escapeChar(char);
-        }
-        if (buffer == null) buffer = new StringBuffer();
-        buffer.write(component.substring(sectionStart, index));
-        buffer.write(replacement);
-        index += sourceLength;
-        sectionStart = index;
-      }
-    }
-    if (buffer == null) {
-      // Makes no copy if start == 0 and end == component.length.
-      return component.substring(start, end);
-    }
-    if (sectionStart < end) {
-      buffer.write(component.substring(sectionStart, end));
-    }
-    return buffer.toString();
-  }
-
-  static bool _isSchemeCharacter(int ch) {
-    return ch < 128 && ((_schemeTable[ch >> 4] & (1 << (ch & 0x0f))) != 0);
-  }
-
-  static bool _isGeneralDelimiter(int ch) {
-    return ch <= _RIGHT_BRACKET &&
-        ((_genDelimitersTable[ch >> 4] & (1 << (ch & 0x0f))) != 0);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI is absolute.
-   */
-  bool get isAbsolute => scheme != "" && fragment == "";
-
-  String _mergePaths(String base, String reference) {
-    // Optimize for the case: absolute base, reference beginning with "../".
-    int backCount = 0;
-    int refStart = 0;
-    // Count number of "../" at beginning of reference.
-    while (reference.startsWith("../", refStart)) {
-      refStart += 3;
-      backCount++;
-    }
-
-    // Drop last segment - everything after last '/' of base.
-    int baseEnd = base.lastIndexOf('/');
-    // Drop extra segments for each leading "../" of reference.
-    while (baseEnd > 0 && backCount > 0) {
-      int newEnd = base.lastIndexOf('/', baseEnd - 1);
-      if (newEnd < 0) {
-        break;
-      }
-      int delta = baseEnd - newEnd;
-      // If we see a "." or ".." segment in base, stop here and let
-      // _removeDotSegments handle it.
-      if ((delta == 2 || delta == 3) &&
-          base.codeUnitAt(newEnd + 1) == _DOT &&
-          (delta == 2 || base.codeUnitAt(newEnd + 2) == _DOT)) {
-        break;
-      }
-      baseEnd = newEnd;
-      backCount--;
-    }
-    return base.replaceRange(baseEnd + 1, null,
-                             reference.substring(refStart - 3 * backCount));
-  }
-
-  /// Make a guess at whether a path contains a `..` or `.` segment.
-  ///
-  /// This is a primitive test that can cause false positives.
-  /// It's only used to avoid a more expensive operation in the case where
-  /// it's not necessary.
-  static bool _mayContainDotSegments(String path) {
-    if (path.startsWith('.')) return true;
-    int index = path.indexOf("/.");
-    return index != -1;
-  }
-
-  /// Removes '.' and '..' segments from a path.
-  ///
-  /// Follows the RFC 2986 "remove dot segments" algorithm.
-  /// This algorithm is only used on paths of URIs with a scheme,
-  /// and it treats the path as if it is absolute (leading '..' are removed).
-  static String _removeDotSegments(String path) {
-    if (!_mayContainDotSegments(path)) return path;
-    assert(path.isNotEmpty);  // An empty path would not have dot segments.
-    List<String> output = [];
-    bool appendSlash = false;
-    for (String segment in path.split("/")) {
-      appendSlash = false;
-      if (segment == "..") {
-        if (output.isNotEmpty) {
-          output.removeLast();
-          if (output.isEmpty) {
-            output.add("");
-          }
-        }
-        appendSlash = true;
-      } else if ("." == segment) {
-        appendSlash = true;
-      } else {
-        output.add(segment);
-      }
-    }
-    if (appendSlash) output.add("");
-    return output.join("/");
-  }
-
-  /// Removes all `.` segments and any non-leading `..` segments.
-  ///
-  /// Removing the ".." from a "bar/foo/.." sequence results in "bar/"
-  /// (trailing "/"). If the entire path is removed (because it contains as
-  /// many ".." segments as real segments), the result is "./".
-  /// This is different from an empty string, which represents "no path",
-  /// when you resolve it against a base URI with a path with a non-empty
-  /// final segment.
-  static String _normalizeRelativePath(String path) {
-    assert(!path.startsWith('/'));  // Only get called for relative paths.
-    if (!_mayContainDotSegments(path)) return path;
-    assert(path.isNotEmpty);  // An empty path would not have dot segments.
-    List<String> output = [];
-    bool appendSlash = false;
-    for (String segment in path.split("/")) {
-      appendSlash = false;
-      if (".." == segment) {
-        if (!output.isEmpty && output.last != "..") {
-          output.removeLast();
-          appendSlash = true;
-        } else {
-          output.add("..");
-        }
-      } else if ("." == segment) {
-        appendSlash = true;
-      } else {
-        output.add(segment);
-      }
-    }
-    if (output.isEmpty || (output.length == 1 && output[0].isEmpty)) {
-      return "./";
-    }
-    if (appendSlash || output.last == '..') output.add("");
-    return output.join("/");
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Resolve [reference] as an URI relative to `this`.
-   *
-   * First turn [reference] into a URI using [Uri.parse]. Then resolve the
-   * resulting URI relative to `this`.
-   *
-   * Returns the resolved URI.
-   *
-   * See [resolveUri] for details.
-   */
-  Uri resolve(String reference) {
-    return resolveUri(Uri.parse(reference));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Resolve [reference] as an URI relative to `this`.
-   *
-   * Returns the resolved URI.
-   *
-   * The algorithm "Transform Reference" for resolving a reference is
-   * described in [RFC-3986 Section 5]
-   * (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5 "RFC-1123").
-   *
-   * Updated to handle the case where the base URI is just a relative path -
-   * that is: when it has no scheme or authority and the path does not start
-   * with a slash.
-   * In that case, the paths are combined without removing leading "..", and
-   * an empty path is not converted to "/".
-   */
-  Uri resolveUri(Uri reference) {
-    // From RFC 3986.
-    String targetScheme;
-    String targetUserInfo = "";
-    String targetHost;
-    int targetPort;
-    String targetPath;
-    String targetQuery;
-    if (reference.scheme.isNotEmpty) {
-      targetScheme = reference.scheme;
-      if (reference.hasAuthority) {
-        targetUserInfo = reference.userInfo;
-        targetHost = reference.host;
-        targetPort = reference.hasPort ? reference.port : null;
-      }
-      targetPath = _removeDotSegments(reference.path);
-      if (reference.hasQuery) {
-        targetQuery = reference.query;
-      }
-    } else {
-      targetScheme = this.scheme;
-      if (reference.hasAuthority) {
-        targetUserInfo = reference.userInfo;
-        targetHost = reference.host;
-        targetPort = _makePort(reference.hasPort ? reference.port : null,
-                               targetScheme);
-        targetPath = _removeDotSegments(reference.path);
-        if (reference.hasQuery) targetQuery = reference.query;
-      } else {
-        targetUserInfo = this._userInfo;
-        targetHost = this._host;
-        targetPort = this._port;
-        if (reference.path == "") {
-          targetPath = this._path;
-          if (reference.hasQuery) {
-            targetQuery = reference.query;
-          } else {
-            targetQuery = this._query;
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (reference.hasAbsolutePath) {
-            targetPath = _removeDotSegments(reference.path);
-          } else {
-            // This is the RFC 3986 behavior for merging.
-            if (this.hasEmptyPath) {
-              if (!this.hasScheme && !this.hasAuthority) {
-                // Keep the path relative if no scheme or authority.
-                targetPath = reference.path;
-              } else {
-                // Add path normalization on top of RFC algorithm.
-                targetPath = _removeDotSegments("/" + reference.path);
-              }
-            } else {
-              var mergedPath = _mergePaths(this._path, reference.path);
-              if (this.hasScheme || this.hasAuthority || this.hasAbsolutePath) {
-                targetPath = _removeDotSegments(mergedPath);
-              } else {
-                // Non-RFC 3986 beavior. If both base and reference are relative
-                // path, allow the merged path to start with "..".
-                // The RFC only specifies the case where the base has a scheme.
-                targetPath = _normalizeRelativePath(mergedPath);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          if (reference.hasQuery) targetQuery = reference.query;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    String fragment = reference.hasFragment ? reference.fragment : null;
-    return new Uri._internal(targetScheme,
-                             targetUserInfo,
-                             targetHost,
-                             targetPort,
-                             targetPath,
-                             targetQuery,
-                             fragment);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has a [scheme] component.
-   */
-  bool get hasScheme => scheme.isNotEmpty;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has an [authority] component.
-   */
-  bool get hasAuthority => _host != null;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has an explicit port.
-   *
-   * If the port number is the default port number
-   * (zero for unrecognized schemes, with http (80) and https (443) being
-   * recognized),
-   * then the port is made implicit and omitted from the URI.
-   */
-  bool get hasPort => _port != null;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has a query part.
-   */
-  bool get hasQuery => _query != null;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has a fragment part.
-   */
-  bool get hasFragment => _fragment != null;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has an empty path.
-   */
-  bool get hasEmptyPath => _path.isEmpty;
-
-  /**
-   * Returns whether the URI has an absolute path (starting with '/').
-   */
-  bool get hasAbsolutePath => _path.startsWith('/');
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the origin of the URI in the form scheme://host:port for the
-   * schemes http and https.
-   *
-   * It is an error if the scheme is not "http" or "https".
-   *
-   * See: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/origin-0.html#origin
-   */
-  String get origin {
-    if (scheme == "" || _host == null || _host == "") {
-      throw new StateError("Cannot use origin without a scheme: $this");
-    }
-    if (scheme != "http" && scheme != "https") {
-      throw new StateError(
-        "Origin is only applicable schemes http and https: $this");
-    }
-    if (_port == null) return "$scheme://$_host";
-    return "$scheme://$_host:$_port";
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the file path from a file URI.
-   *
-   * The returned path has either Windows or non-Windows
-   * semantics.
-   *
-   * For non-Windows semantics the slash ("/") is used to separate
-   * path segments.
-   *
-   * For Windows semantics the backslash ("\") separator is used to
-   * separate path segments.
-   *
-   * If the URI is absolute the path starts with a path separator
-   * unless Windows semantics is used and the first path segment is a
-   * drive letter. When Windows semantics is used a host component in
-   * the uri in interpreted as a file server and a UNC path is
-   * returned.
-   *
-   * The default for whether to use Windows or non-Windows semantics
-   * determined from the platform Dart is running on. When running in
-   * the standalone VM this is detected by the VM based on the
-   * operating system. When running in a browser non-Windows semantics
-   * is always used.
-   *
-   * To override the automatic detection of which semantics to use pass
-   * a value for [windows]. Passing `true` will use Windows
-   * semantics and passing `false` will use non-Windows semantics.
-   *
-   * If the URI ends with a slash (i.e. the last path component is
-   * empty) the returned file path will also end with a slash.
-   *
-   * With Windows semantics URIs starting with a drive letter cannot
-   * be relative to the current drive on the designated drive. That is
-   * for the URI `file:///c:abc` calling `toFilePath` will throw as a
-   * path segment cannot contain colon on Windows.
-   *
-   * Examples using non-Windows semantics (resulting of calling
-   * toFilePath in comment):
-   *
-   *     Uri.parse("xxx/yyy");  // xxx/yyy
-   *     Uri.parse("xxx/yyy/");  // xxx/yyy/
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///xxx/yyy");  // /xxx/yyy
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///xxx/yyy/");  // /xxx/yyy/
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///C:");  // /C:
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///C:a");  // /C:a
-   *
-   * Examples using Windows semantics (resulting URI in comment):
-   *
-   *     Uri.parse("xxx/yyy");  // xxx\yyy
-   *     Uri.parse("xxx/yyy/");  // xxx\yyy\
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///xxx/yyy");  // \xxx\yyy
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///xxx/yyy/");  // \xxx\yyy/
-   *     Uri.parse("file:///C:/xxx/yyy");  // C:\xxx\yyy
-   *     Uri.parse("file:C:xxx/yyy");  // Throws as a path segment
-   *                                   // cannot contain colon on Windows.
-   *     Uri.parse("file://server/share/file");  // \\server\share\file
-   *
-   * If the URI is not a file URI calling this throws
-   * [UnsupportedError].
-   *
-   * If the URI cannot be converted to a file path calling this throws
-   * [UnsupportedError].
-   */
-  String toFilePath({bool windows}) {
-    if (scheme != "" && scheme != "file") {
-      throw new UnsupportedError(
-          "Cannot extract a file path from a $scheme URI");
-    }
-    if (query != "") {
-      throw new UnsupportedError(
-          "Cannot extract a file path from a URI with a query component");
-    }
-    if (fragment != "") {
-      throw new UnsupportedError(
-          "Cannot extract a file path from a URI with a fragment component");
-    }
-    if (windows == null) windows = _isWindows;
-    return windows ? _toWindowsFilePath() : _toFilePath();
-  }
-
-  String _toFilePath() {
-    if (host != "") {
-      throw new UnsupportedError(
-          "Cannot extract a non-Windows file path from a file URI "
-          "with an authority");
-    }
-    _checkNonWindowsPathReservedCharacters(pathSegments, false);
-    var result = new StringBuffer();
-    if (_isPathAbsolute) result.write("/");
-    result.writeAll(pathSegments, "/");
-    return result.toString();
-  }
-
-  String _toWindowsFilePath() {
-    bool hasDriveLetter = false;
-    var segments = pathSegments;
-    if (segments.length > 0 &&
-        segments[0].length == 2 &&
-        segments[0].codeUnitAt(1) == _COLON) {
-      _checkWindowsDriveLetter(segments[0].codeUnitAt(0), false);
-      _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(segments, false, 1);
-      hasDriveLetter = true;
-    } else {
-      _checkWindowsPathReservedCharacters(segments, false);
-    }
-    var result = new StringBuffer();
-    if (_isPathAbsolute && !hasDriveLetter) result.write("\\");
-    if (host != "") {
-      result.write("\\");
-      result.write(host);
-      result.write("\\");
-    }
-    result.writeAll(segments, "\\");
-    if (hasDriveLetter && segments.length == 1) result.write("\\");
-    return result.toString();
-  }
-
-  bool get _isPathAbsolute {
-    if (path == null || path.isEmpty) return false;
-    return path.startsWith('/');
-  }
-
-  void _writeAuthority(StringSink ss) {
-    if (_userInfo.isNotEmpty) {
-      ss.write(_userInfo);
-      ss.write("@");
-    }
-    if (_host != null) ss.write(_host);
-    if (_port != null) {
-      ss.write(":");
-      ss.write(_port);
-    }
-  }
-
-  String toString() {
-    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
-    _addIfNonEmpty(sb, scheme, scheme, ':');
-    if (hasAuthority || path.startsWith("//") || (scheme == "file")) {
-      // File URIS always have the authority, even if it is empty.
-      // The empty URI means "localhost".
-      sb.write("//");
-      _writeAuthority(sb);
-    }
-    sb.write(path);
-    if (_query != null) { sb..write("?")..write(_query); }
-    if (_fragment != null) { sb..write("#")..write(_fragment); }
-    return sb.toString();
-  }
-
-  bool operator==(other) {
-    if (other is! Uri) return false;
-    Uri uri = other;
-    return scheme == uri.scheme &&
-        hasAuthority == uri.hasAuthority &&
-        userInfo == uri.userInfo &&
-        host == uri.host &&
-        port == uri.port &&
-        path == uri.path &&
-        hasQuery == uri.hasQuery &&
-        query == uri.query &&
-        hasFragment == uri.hasFragment &&
-        fragment == uri.fragment;
-  }
-
-  int get hashCode {
-    int combine(part, current) {
-      // The sum is truncated to 30 bits to make sure it fits into a Smi.
-      return (current * 31 + part.hashCode) & 0x3FFFFFFF;
-    }
-    return combine(scheme, combine(userInfo, combine(host, combine(port,
-        combine(path, combine(query, combine(fragment, 1)))))));
-  }
-
-  static void _addIfNonEmpty(StringBuffer sb, String test,
-                             String first, String second) {
-    if ("" != test) {
-      sb.write(first);
-      sb.write(second);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Encode the string [component] using percent-encoding to make it
-   * safe for literal use as a URI component.
-   *
-   * All characters except uppercase and lowercase letters, digits and
-   * the characters `-_.!~*'()` are percent-encoded. This is the
-   * set of characters specified in RFC 2396 and the which is
-   * specified for the encodeUriComponent in ECMA-262 version 5.1.
-   *
-   * When manually encoding path segments or query components remember
-   * to encode each part separately before building the path or query
-   * string.
-   *
-   * For encoding the query part consider using
-   * [encodeQueryComponent].
-   *
-   * To avoid the need for explicitly encoding use the [pathSegments]
-   * and [queryParameters] optional named arguments when constructing
-   * a [Uri].
-   */
-  static String encodeComponent(String component) {
-    return _uriEncode(_unreserved2396Table, component);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Encode the string [component] according to the HTML 4.01 rules
-   * for encoding the posting of a HTML form as a query string
-   * component.
-   *
-   * Encode the string [component] according to the HTML 4.01 rules
-   * for encoding the posting of a HTML form as a query string
-   * component.
-
-   * The component is first encoded to bytes using [encoding].
-   * The default is to use [UTF8] encoding, which preserves all
-   * the characters that don't need encoding.
-
-   * Then the resulting bytes are "percent-encoded". This transforms
-   * spaces (U+0020) to a plus sign ('+') and all bytes that are not
-   * the ASCII decimal digits, letters or one of '-._~' are written as
-   * a percent sign '%' followed by the two-digit hexadecimal
-   * representation of the byte.
-
-   * Note that the set of characters which are percent-encoded is a
-   * superset of what HTML 4.01 requires, since it refers to RFC 1738
-   * for reserved characters.
-   *
-   * When manually encoding query components remember to encode each
-   * part separately before building the query string.
-   *
-   * To avoid the need for explicitly encoding the query use the
-   * [queryParameters] optional named arguments when constructing a
-   * [Uri].
-   *
-   * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.2 for more
-   * details.
-   */
-  static String encodeQueryComponent(String component,
-                                     {Encoding encoding: UTF8}) {
-    return _uriEncode(
-        _unreservedTable, component, encoding: encoding, spaceToPlus: true);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decodes the percent-encoding in [encodedComponent].
-   *
-   * Note that decoding a URI component might change its meaning as
-   * some of the decoded characters could be characters with are
-   * delimiters for a given URI componene type. Always split a URI
-   * component using the delimiters for the component before decoding
-   * the individual parts.
-   *
-   * For handling the [path] and [query] components consider using
-   * [pathSegments] and [queryParameters] to get the separated and
-   * decoded component.
-   */
-  static String decodeComponent(String encodedComponent) {
-    return _uriDecode(encodedComponent);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decodes the percent-encoding in [encodedComponent], converting
-   * pluses to spaces.
-   *
-   * It will create a byte-list of the decoded characters, and then use
-   * [encoding] to decode the byte-list to a String. The default encoding is
-   * UTF-8.
-   */
-  static String decodeQueryComponent(
-      String encodedComponent,
-      {Encoding encoding: UTF8}) {
-    return _uriDecode(encodedComponent, plusToSpace: true, encoding: encoding);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Encode the string [uri] using percent-encoding to make it
-   * safe for literal use as a full URI.
-   *
-   * All characters except uppercase and lowercase letters, digits and
-   * the characters `!#$&'()*+,-./:;=?@_~` are percent-encoded. This
-   * is the set of characters specified in in ECMA-262 version 5.1 for
-   * the encodeURI function .
-   */
-  static String encodeFull(String uri) {
-    return _uriEncode(_encodeFullTable, uri);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decodes the percent-encoding in [uri].
-   *
-   * Note that decoding a full URI might change its meaning as some of
-   * the decoded characters could be reserved characters. In most
-   * cases an encoded URI should be parsed into components using
-   * [Uri.parse] before decoding the separate components.
-   */
-  static String decodeFull(String uri) {
-    return _uriDecode(uri);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the [query] split into a map according to the rules
-   * specified for FORM post in the
-   * [HTML 4.01 specification section 17.13.4]
-   * (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4
-   * "HTML 4.01 section 17.13.4"). Each key and value in the returned
-   * map has been decoded. If the [query]
-   * is the empty string an empty map is returned.
-   *
-   * Keys in the query string that have no value are mapped to the
-   * empty string.
-   *
-   * Each query component will be decoded using [encoding]. The default encoding
-   * is UTF-8.
-   */
-  static Map<String, String> splitQueryString(String query,
-                                              {Encoding encoding: UTF8}) {
-    return query.split("&").fold({}, (map, element) {
-      int index = element.indexOf("=");
-      if (index == -1) {
-        if (element != "") {
-          map[decodeQueryComponent(element, encoding: encoding)] = "";
-        }
-      } else if (index != 0) {
-        var key = element.substring(0, index);
-        var value = element.substring(index + 1);
-        map[Uri.decodeQueryComponent(key, encoding: encoding)] =
-            decodeQueryComponent(value, encoding: encoding);
-      }
-      return map;
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Parse the [host] as an IP version 4 (IPv4) address, returning the address
-   * as a list of 4 bytes in network byte order (big endian).
-   *
-   * Throws a [FormatException] if [host] is not a valid IPv4 address
-   * representation.
-   */
-  static List<int> parseIPv4Address(String host) {
-    void error(String msg) {
-      throw new FormatException('Illegal IPv4 address, $msg');
-    }
-    var bytes = host.split('.');
-    if (bytes.length != 4) {
-      error('IPv4 address should contain exactly 4 parts');
-    }
-    // TODO(ajohnsen): Consider using Uint8List.
-    return bytes
-        .map((byteString) {
-          int byte = int.parse(byteString);
-          if (byte < 0 || byte > 255) {
-            error('each part must be in the range of `0..255`');
-          }
-          return byte;
-        })
-        .toList();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Parse the [host] as an IP version 6 (IPv6) address, returning the address
-   * as a list of 16 bytes in network byte order (big endian).
-   *
-   * Throws a [FormatException] if [host] is not a valid IPv6 address
-   * representation.
-   *
-   * Acts on the substring from [start] to [end]. If [end] is omitted, it
-   * defaults ot the end of the string.
-   *
-   * Some examples of IPv6 addresses:
-   *  * ::1
-   *  * FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
-   *  * 3ffe:2a00:100:7031::1
-   *  * ::FFFF:129.144.52.38
-   *  * 2010:836B:4179::836B:4179
-   */
-  static List<int> parseIPv6Address(String host, [int start = 0, int end]) {
-    if (end == null) end = host.length;
-    // An IPv6 address consists of exactly 8 parts of 1-4 hex digits, seperated
-    // by `:`'s, with the following exceptions:
-    //
-    //  - One (and only one) wildcard (`::`) may be present, representing a fill
-    //    of 0's. The IPv6 `::` is thus 16 bytes of `0`.
-    //  - The last two parts may be replaced by an IPv4 address.
-    void error(String msg, [position]) {
-      throw new FormatException('Illegal IPv6 address, $msg', host, position);
-    }
-    int parseHex(int start, int end) {
-      if (end - start > 4) {
-        error('an IPv6 part can only contain a maximum of 4 hex digits', start);
-      }
-      int value = int.parse(host.substring(start, end), radix: 16);
-      if (value < 0 || value > (1 << 16) - 1) {
-        error('each part must be in the range of `0x0..0xFFFF`', start);
-      }
-      return value;
-    }
-    if (host.length < 2) error('address is too short');
-    List<int> parts = [];
-    bool wildcardSeen = false;
-    int partStart = start;
-    // Parse all parts, except a potential last one.
-    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
-      if (host.codeUnitAt(i) == _COLON) {
-        if (i == start) {
-          // If we see a `:` in the beginning, expect wildcard.
-          i++;
-          if (host.codeUnitAt(i) != _COLON) {
-            error('invalid start colon.', i);
-          }
-          partStart = i;
-        }
-        if (i == partStart) {
-          // Wildcard. We only allow one.
-          if (wildcardSeen) {
-            error('only one wildcard `::` is allowed', i);
-          }
-          wildcardSeen = true;
-          parts.add(-1);
-        } else {
-          // Found a single colon. Parse [partStart..i] as a hex entry.
-          parts.add(parseHex(partStart, i));
-        }
-        partStart = i + 1;
-      }
-    }
-    if (parts.length == 0) error('too few parts');
-    bool atEnd = (partStart == end);
-    bool isLastWildcard = (parts.last == -1);
-    if (atEnd && !isLastWildcard) {
-      error('expected a part after last `:`', end);
-    }
-    if (!atEnd) {
-      try {
-        parts.add(parseHex(partStart, end));
-      } catch (e) {
-        // Failed to parse the last chunk as hex. Try IPv4.
-        try {
-          List<int> last = parseIPv4Address(host.substring(partStart, end));
-          parts.add(last[0] << 8 | last[1]);
-          parts.add(last[2] << 8 | last[3]);
-        } catch (e) {
-          error('invalid end of IPv6 address.', partStart);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (wildcardSeen) {
-      if (parts.length > 7) {
-        error('an address with a wildcard must have less than 7 parts');
-      }
-    } else if (parts.length != 8) {
-      error('an address without a wildcard must contain exactly 8 parts');
-    }
-    // TODO(ajohnsen): Consider using Uint8List.
-    List bytes = new List<int>(16);
-    for (int i = 0, index = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
-      int value = parts[i];
-      if (value == -1) {
-        int wildCardLength = 9 - parts.length;
-        for (int j = 0; j < wildCardLength; j++) {
-          bytes[index] = 0;
-          bytes[index + 1] = 0;
-          index += 2;
-        }
-      } else {
-        bytes[index] = value >> 8;
-        bytes[index + 1] = value & 0xff;
-        index += 2;
-      }
-    }
-    return bytes;
-  }
-
-  // Frequently used character codes.
-  static const int _SPACE = 0x20;
-  static const int _DOUBLE_QUOTE = 0x22;
-  static const int _NUMBER_SIGN = 0x23;
-  static const int _PERCENT = 0x25;
-  static const int _ASTERISK = 0x2A;
-  static const int _PLUS = 0x2B;
-  static const int _DOT = 0x2E;
-  static const int _SLASH = 0x2F;
-  static const int _ZERO = 0x30;
-  static const int _NINE = 0x39;
-  static const int _COLON = 0x3A;
-  static const int _LESS = 0x3C;
-  static const int _GREATER = 0x3E;
-  static const int _QUESTION = 0x3F;
-  static const int _AT_SIGN = 0x40;
-  static const int _UPPER_CASE_A = 0x41;
-  static const int _UPPER_CASE_F = 0x46;
-  static const int _UPPER_CASE_Z = 0x5A;
-  static const int _LEFT_BRACKET = 0x5B;
-  static const int _BACKSLASH = 0x5C;
-  static const int _RIGHT_BRACKET = 0x5D;
-  static const int _LOWER_CASE_A = 0x61;
-  static const int _LOWER_CASE_F = 0x66;
-  static const int _LOWER_CASE_Z = 0x7A;
-  static const int _BAR = 0x7C;
-
-  /**
-   * This is the internal implementation of JavaScript's encodeURI function.
-   * It encodes all characters in the string [text] except for those
-   * that appear in [canonicalTable], and returns the escaped string.
-   */
-  static String _uriEncode(List<int> canonicalTable,
-                           String text,
-                           {Encoding encoding: UTF8,
-                            bool spaceToPlus: false}) {
-    byteToHex(byte, buffer) {
-      const String hex = '0123456789ABCDEF';
-      buffer.writeCharCode(hex.codeUnitAt(byte >> 4));
-      buffer.writeCharCode(hex.codeUnitAt(byte & 0x0f));
-    }
-
-    // Encode the string into bytes then generate an ASCII only string
-    // by percent encoding selected bytes.
-    StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
-    var bytes = encoding.encode(text);
-    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
-      int byte = bytes[i];
-      if (byte < 128 &&
-          ((canonicalTable[byte >> 4] & (1 << (byte & 0x0f))) != 0)) {
-        result.writeCharCode(byte);
-      } else if (spaceToPlus && byte == _SPACE) {
-        result.writeCharCode(_PLUS);
-      } else {
-        result.writeCharCode(_PERCENT);
-        byteToHex(byte, result);
-      }
-    }
-    return result.toString();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Convert a byte (2 character hex sequence) in string [s] starting
-   * at position [pos] to its ordinal value
-   */
-  static int _hexCharPairToByte(String s, int pos) {
-    int byte = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-      var charCode = s.codeUnitAt(pos + i);
-      if (0x30 <= charCode && charCode <= 0x39) {
-        byte = byte * 16 + charCode - 0x30;
-      } else {
-        // Check ranges A-F (0x41-0x46) and a-f (0x61-0x66).
-        charCode |= 0x20;
-        if (0x61 <= charCode && charCode <= 0x66) {
-          byte = byte * 16 + charCode - 0x57;
-        } else {
-          throw new ArgumentError("Invalid URL encoding");
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return byte;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Uri-decode a percent-encoded string.
-   *
-   * It unescapes the string [text] and returns the unescaped string.
-   *
-   * This function is similar to the JavaScript-function `decodeURI`.
-   *
-   * If [plusToSpace] is `true`, plus characters will be converted to spaces.
-   *
-   * The decoder will create a byte-list of the percent-encoded parts, and then
-   * decode the byte-list using [encoding]. The default encodingis UTF-8.
-   */
-  static String _uriDecode(String text,
-                           {bool plusToSpace: false,
-                            Encoding encoding: UTF8}) {
-    // First check whether there is any characters which need special handling.
-    bool simple = true;
-    for (int i = 0; i < text.length && simple; i++) {
-      var codeUnit = text.codeUnitAt(i);
-      simple = codeUnit != _PERCENT && codeUnit != _PLUS;
-    }
-    List<int> bytes;
-    if (simple) {
-      if (encoding == UTF8 || encoding == LATIN1) {
-        return text;
-      } else {
-        bytes = text.codeUnits;
-      }
-    } else {
-      bytes = new List();
-      for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-        var codeUnit = text.codeUnitAt(i);
-        if (codeUnit > 127) {
-          throw new ArgumentError("Illegal percent encoding in URI");
-        }
-        if (codeUnit == _PERCENT) {
-          if (i + 3 > text.length) {
-            throw new ArgumentError('Truncated URI');
-          }
-          bytes.add(_hexCharPairToByte(text, i + 1));
-          i += 2;
-        } else if (plusToSpace && codeUnit == _PLUS) {
-          bytes.add(_SPACE);
-        } else {
-          bytes.add(codeUnit);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return encoding.decode(bytes);
-  }
-
-  static bool _isAlphabeticCharacter(int codeUnit)
-    => (codeUnit >= _LOWER_CASE_A && codeUnit <= _LOWER_CASE_Z) ||
-       (codeUnit >= _UPPER_CASE_A && codeUnit <= _UPPER_CASE_Z);
-
-  // Tables of char-codes organized as a bit vector of 128 bits where
-  // each bit indicate whether a character code on the 0-127 needs to
-  // be escaped or not.
-
-  // The unreserved characters of RFC 3986.
-  static const _unreservedTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //                           -.
-      0x6000,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0000000000000110
-                //              0123456789
-      0x03ff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111000000
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // The unreserved characters of RFC 2396.
-  static const _unreserved2396Table = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !     '()*  -.
-      0x6782,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100000111100110
-                //              0123456789
-      0x03ff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111000000
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Table of reserved characters specified by ECMAScript 5.
-  static const _encodeFullTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               ! #$ &'()*+,-./
-      0xffda,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0101101111111111
-                //              0123456789:; = ?
-      0xafff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111110101
-                //              @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xffff,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  1111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in the scheme.
-  static const _schemeTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //                         + -.
-      0x6800,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0000000000010110
-                //              0123456789
-      0x03ff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111000000
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ
-      0x07ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz
-      0x07ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in scheme except for upper case letters.
-  static const _schemeLowerTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //                         + -.
-      0x6800,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0000000000010110
-                //              0123456789
-      0x03ff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111000000
-                //
-      0x0000,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //
-      0x0000,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz
-      0x07ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Sub delimiter characters combined with unreserved as of 3986.
-  // sub-delims  = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
-  //             / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
-  // RFC 3986 section 2.3.
-  // unreserved  = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
-  static const _subDelimitersTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $ &'()*+,-.
-      0x7fd2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100101111111110
-                //              0123456789 ; =
-      0x2bff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111010100
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // General delimiter characters, RFC 3986 section 2.2.
-  // gen-delims  = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
-  //
-  static const _genDelimitersTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //                 #           /
-      0x8008,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0001000000000001
-                //                        :    ?
-      0x8400,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  0000000000100001
-                //              @
-      0x0001,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  1000000000000000
-                //                         [ ]
-      0x2800,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  0000000000010100
-                //
-      0x0000,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0000000000000000
-                //
-      0x0000];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  0000000000000000
-
-  // Characters allowed in the userinfo as of RFC 3986.
-  // RFC 3986 Apendix A
-  // userinfo = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ':')
-  static const _userinfoTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $ &'()*+,-.
-      0x7fd2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100101111111110
-                //              0123456789:; =
-      0x2fff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111110100
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in the reg-name as of RFC 3986.
-  // RFC 3986 Apendix A
-  // reg-name = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
-  static const _regNameTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $%&'()*+,-.
-      0x7ff2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100111111111110
-                //              0123456789 ; =
-      0x2bff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111010100
-                //               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xfffe,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  0111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in the path as of RFC 3986.
-  // RFC 3986 section 3.3.
-  // pchar = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
-  static const _pathCharTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $ &'()*+,-.
-      0x7fd2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100101111111110
-                //              0123456789:; =
-      0x2fff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111110100
-                //              @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xffff,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  1111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in the path as of RFC 3986.
-  // RFC 3986 section 3.3 *and* slash.
-  static const _pathCharOrSlashTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $ &'()*+,-./
-      0xffd2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100101111111111
-                //              0123456789:; =
-      0x2fff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111110100
-                //              @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xffff,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  1111111111111111
-
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-
-  // Characters allowed in the query as of RFC 3986.
-  // RFC 3986 section 3.4.
-  // query = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
-  static const _queryCharTable = const [
-                //             LSB            MSB
-                //              |              |
-      0x0000,   // 0x00 - 0x0f  0000000000000000
-      0x0000,   // 0x10 - 0x1f  0000000000000000
-                //               !  $ &'()*+,-./
-      0xffd2,   // 0x20 - 0x2f  0100101111111111
-                //              0123456789:; = ?
-      0xafff,   // 0x30 - 0x3f  1111111111110101
-                //              @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
-      0xffff,   // 0x40 - 0x4f  1111111111111111
-                //              PQRSTUVWXYZ    _
-      0x87ff,   // 0x50 - 0x5f  1111111111100001
-                //               abcdefghijklmno
-      0xfffe,   // 0x60 - 0x6f  0111111111111111
-                //              pqrstuvwxyz   ~
-      0x47ff];  // 0x70 - 0x7f  1111111111100010
-}