[catapult] - Copy Telemetry's gsutilz over to third_party.

third_party/gsutil/gslib/tests/test_rsync.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Integration tests for rsync command."""
+
+import os
+
+import crcmod
+
+import gslib.tests.testcase as testcase
+from gslib.tests.testcase.integration_testcase import SkipForS3
+from gslib.tests.util import ObjectToURI as suri
+from gslib.tests.util import PerformsFileToObjectUpload
+from gslib.tests.util import SetBotoConfigForTest
+from gslib.tests.util import unittest
+from gslib.util import IS_WINDOWS
+from gslib.util import Retry
+from gslib.util import UsingCrcmodExtension
+
+NO_CHANGES = 'Building synchronization state...\nStarting synchronization\n'
+
+
+def _TailSet(start_point, listing):
+  """Returns set of object name tails.
+
+  Tails can be compared between source and dest, past the point at which rsync
+  was done.  For example if test ran rsync gs://bucket1/dir gs://bucket2/dir2,
+  the tails for listings from bucket1 would start after "dir", while the tails
+  for listings from bucket2 would start after "dir2".
+
+  Args:
+    start_point: The target of the rsync command, e.g., for the above command it
+                 would be gs://bucket1/dir for the bucket1 listing results and
+                 gs://bucket2/dir2 for the bucket2 listing results.
+    listing: The listing over which to compute tail.
+
+  Returns:
+    Object name tails.
+  """
+  return set(l[len(start_point):] for l in listing.strip().split('\n'))
+
+# TODO: Add inspection to the retry wrappers in this test suite where the state
+# at the end of a retry block is depended upon by subsequent tests (since
+# listing content can vary depending on which backend server is reached until
+# eventual consistency is reached).
+# TODO: Remove retry wrappers and AssertNObjectsInBucket calls if GCS ever
+# supports strong listing consistency.
+class TestRsync(testcase.GsUtilIntegrationTestCase):
+  """Integration tests for rsync command."""
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _FlatListDir(directory):
+    """Perform a flat listing over directory.
+
+    Args:
+      directory: The directory to list
+
+    Returns:
+      Listings with path separators canonicalized to '/', to make assertions
+      easier for Linux vs Windows.
+    """
+    result = []
+    for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(directory):
+      for f in filenames:
+        result.append(os.path.join(dirpath, f))
+    return '\n'.join(result).replace('\\', '/')
+
+  def _FlatListBucket(self, bucket_url_string):
+    """Perform a flat listing over bucket_url_string."""
+    return self.RunGsUtil(['ls', suri(bucket_url_string, '**')],
+                          return_stdout=True)
+
+  def test_invalid_args(self):
+    """Tests various invalid argument cases."""
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    obj1 = self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                             contents='obj1')
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    # rsync object to bucket.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', suri(obj1), suri(bucket_uri)], expected_status=1)
+    # rsync bucket to object.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', suri(bucket_uri), suri(obj1)], expected_status=1)
+    # rsync bucket to non-existent bucket.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', suri(bucket_uri), self.nonexistent_bucket_name],
+                   expected_status=1)
+    # rsync object to dir.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', suri(obj1), tmpdir], expected_status=1)
+    # rsync dir to object.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', tmpdir, suri(obj1)], expected_status=1)
+    # rsync dir to non-existent bucket.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', tmpdir, suri(obj1), self.nonexistent_bucket_name],
+                   expected_status=1)
+
+  # Note: The tests below exercise the cases
+  # {src_dir, src_bucket} X {dst_dir, dst_bucket}. We use gsutil rsync -d for
+  # all the cases but then have just one test without -d (test_bucket_to_bucket)
+  # as representative of handling without the -d option. This provides
+  # reasonable test coverage because the -d handling it src/dest URI-type
+  # independent, and keeps the test case combinations more manageable.
+
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket(self):
+    """Tests that flat and recursive rsync between 2 buckets works correctly."""
+    # Create 2 buckets with 1 overlapping object, 1 extra object at root level
+    # in each, and 1 extra object 1 level down in each. Make the overlapping
+    # objects named the same but with different content, to test that we detect
+    # and properly copy in that case.
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='subdir/obj3',
+                      contents='subdir/obj3')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='subdir/obj5',
+                      contents='subdir/obj5')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Second bucket should have new objects added from source bucket (without
+      # removing extraneeous object found in dest bucket), and without the
+      # subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2,
+                        set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj4', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were correctly synchronized (bucket to bucket sync uses
+      # checksums).
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket2_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Now add and remove some objects in each bucket and test rsync -r.
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj6',
+                      contents='obj6')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj7',
+                      contents='obj7')
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj1')])
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket2_uri, 'obj2')])
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-r', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Second bucket should have objects tha were newly added to first bucket
+      # (wihout removing extraneous dest bucket objects), and without the
+      # subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj4', '/obj6',
+                                       '/obj7', '/subdir/obj3',
+                                       '/subdir/obj5']))
+    _Check3()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check4():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-r', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check4()
+
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket_minus_d(self):
+    """Tests that flat and recursive rsync between 2 buckets works correctly."""
+    # Create 2 buckets with 1 overlapping object, 1 extra object at root level
+    # in each, and 1 extra object 1 level down in each. Make the overlapping
+    # objects named the same but with different content, to test that we detect
+    # and properly copy in that case.
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='subdir/obj3',
+                      contents='subdir/obj3')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='subdir/obj5',
+                      contents='subdir/obj5')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Second bucket should have content like first bucket but without the
+      # subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were correctly synchronized (bucket to bucket sync uses
+      # checksums).
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket2_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Now add and remove some objects in each bucket and test rsync -r.
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj6',
+                      contents='obj6')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj7',
+                      contents='obj7')
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj1')])
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket2_uri, 'obj2')])
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-r',
+                      suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Second bucket should have content like first bucket but without the
+      # subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+    _Check3()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check4():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check4()
+
+  # Test sequential upload as well as parallel composite upload case.
+  @PerformsFileToObjectUpload
+  @unittest.skipUnless(UsingCrcmodExtension(crcmod),
+                       'Test requires fast crcmod.')
+  def test_dir_to_bucket_minus_d(self):
+    """Tests that flat and recursive rsync dir to bucket works correctly."""
+    # Create dir and bucket with 1 overlapping object, 1 extra object at root
+    # level in each, and 1 extra object 1 level down in each. Make the
+    # overlapping objects named the same but with different content, to test
+    # that we detect and properly copy in that case.
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'subdir')
+    os.mkdir(subdir)
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=subdir, file_name='obj3', contents='subdir/obj3')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='subdir/obj5',
+                      contents='subdir/obj5')
+
+    # Need to make sure the bucket listing is caught-up, otherwise the
+    # first rsync may not see obj2 and overwrite it.
+    self.AssertNObjectsInBucket(bucket_uri, 3)
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were not synchronized (dir to bucket sync doesn't use checksums
+      # unless you specify -c).
+      with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj2')) as f:
+        self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+      self.assertEquals('OBJ2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Now rerun the sync with the -c option.
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      """Tests rsync -c works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-c', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were synchronized (dir to bucket sync with -c uses checksums).
+      with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj2')) as f:
+        self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check3()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check4():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-c', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check4()
+
+    # Now add and remove some objects in dir and bucket and test rsync -r.
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj6', contents='obj6')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj7',
+                      contents='obj7')
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj1'))
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj2')])
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check5():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-r', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+    _Check5()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check6():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check6()
+
+  @unittest.skipUnless(UsingCrcmodExtension(crcmod),
+                       'Test requires fast crcmod.')
+  def test_dir_to_dir_minus_d(self):
+    """Tests that flat and recursive rsync dir to dir works correctly."""
+    # Create 2 dirs with 1 overlapping file, 1 extra file at root
+    # level in each, and 1 extra file 1 level down in each. Make the
+    # overlapping files named the same but with different content, to test
+    # that we detect and properly copy in that case.
+    tmpdir1 = self.CreateTempDir()
+    tmpdir2 = self.CreateTempDir()
+    subdir1 = os.path.join(tmpdir1, 'subdir1')
+    subdir2 = os.path.join(tmpdir2, 'subdir2')
+    os.mkdir(subdir1)
+    os.mkdir(subdir2)
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir1, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir1, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(
+        tmpdir=subdir1, file_name='obj3', contents='subdir1/obj3')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir2, file_name='obj2', contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir2, file_name='obj4', contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateTempFile(
+        tmpdir=subdir2, file_name='obj5', contents='subdir2/obj5')
+
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', tmpdir1, tmpdir2])
+    listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir1, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir1))
+    listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir2, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir2))
+    # dir1 should have un-altered content.
+    self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir1/obj3']))
+    # dir2 should have content like dir1 but without the subdir1 objects
+    # synchronized.
+    self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir2/obj5']))
+    # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+    # checksums were not synchronized (dir to dir sync doesn't use checksums
+    # unless you specify -c).
+    with open(os.path.join(tmpdir1, 'obj2')) as f:
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+    with open(os.path.join(tmpdir2, 'obj2')) as f:
+      self.assertEquals('OBJ2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', tmpdir1, tmpdir2], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Now rerun the sync with the -c option.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-c', tmpdir1, tmpdir2])
+    listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir1, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir1))
+    listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir2, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir2))
+    # dir1 should have un-altered content.
+    self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir1/obj3']))
+    # dir2 should have content like dir but without the subdir objects
+    # synchronized.
+    self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir2/obj5']))
+    # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+    # content were synchronized (dir to dir sync with -c uses checksums).
+    with open(os.path.join(tmpdir1, 'obj2')) as f:
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+    with open(os.path.join(tmpdir1, 'obj2')) as f:
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-c', tmpdir1, tmpdir2], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Now add and remove some objects in both dirs and test rsync -r.
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir1, file_name='obj6', contents='obj6')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir2, file_name='obj7', contents='obj7')
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir1, 'obj1'))
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir2, 'obj2'))
+
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-r', tmpdir1, tmpdir2])
+    listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir1, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir1))
+    listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir2, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir2))
+    # dir1 should have un-altered content.
+    self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir1/obj3']))
+    # dir2 should have content like dir but without the subdir objects
+    # synchronized.
+    self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir1/obj3']))
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', tmpdir1, tmpdir2], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check3()
+
+  def test_dir_to_dir_minus_d_more_files_than_bufsize(self):
+    """Tests concurrently building listing from multiple tmp file ranges."""
+    # Create 2 dirs, where each dir has 1000 objects and differing names.
+    tmpdir1 = self.CreateTempDir()
+    tmpdir2 = self.CreateTempDir()
+    for i in range(0, 1000):
+      self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir1, file_name='d1-%s' %i, contents='x')
+      self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir2, file_name='d2-%s' %i, contents='y')
+
+    # We open a new temp file each time we reach rsync_buffer_lines of
+    # listing output. On Windows, this will result in a 'too many open file
+    # handles' error, so choose a larger value so as not to open so many files.
+    rsync_buffer_config = [('GSUtil', 'rsync_buffer_lines',
+                            '50' if IS_WINDOWS else '2')]
+    # Run gsutil with config option to make buffer size << # files.
+    with SetBotoConfigForTest(rsync_buffer_config):
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', tmpdir1, tmpdir2])
+    listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir1, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir1))
+    listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir2, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir2))
+    self.assertEquals(listing1, listing2)
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', tmpdir1, tmpdir2], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check()
+
+  @unittest.skipUnless(UsingCrcmodExtension(crcmod),
+                       'Test requires fast crcmod.')
+  def test_bucket_to_dir_minus_d(self):
+    """Tests that flat and recursive rsync bucket to dir works correctly."""
+    # Create bucket and dir with 1 overlapping object, 1 extra object at root
+    # level in each, and 1 extra object 1 level down in each. Make the
+    # overlapping objects named the same but with different content, to test
+    # that we detect and properly copy in that case.
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'subdir')
+    os.mkdir(subdir)
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='subdir/obj3',
+                      contents='subdir/obj3')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj4', contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=subdir, file_name='obj5', contents='subdir/obj5')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      # Bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Dir should have content like bucket but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were not synchronized (bucket to dir sync doesn't use checksums
+      # unless you specify -c).
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+      with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj2')) as f:
+        self.assertEquals('OBJ2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Now rerun the sync with the -c option.
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      """Tests rsync -c works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-c', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      # Bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Dir should have content like bucket but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+      # Assert that the src/dest objects that had same length but different
+      # content were synchronized (bucket to dir sync with -c uses checksums).
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+      with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj2')) as f:
+        self.assertEquals('obj2', '\n'.join(f.readlines()))
+    _Check3()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check4():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-c', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check4()
+
+    # Now add and remove some objects in dir and bucket and test rsync -r.
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj6',
+                      contents='obj6')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj7', contents='obj7')
+    self.RunGsUtil(['rm', suri(bucket_uri, 'obj1')])
+    os.unlink(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'obj2'))
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check5():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-r', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      # Bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Dir should have content like bucket but without the subdir objects
+      # synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj2', '/obj6', '/subdir/obj3']))
+    _Check5()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check6():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check6()
+
+  def test_bucket_to_dir_minus_d_with_fname_case_change(self):
+    """Tests that name case changes work correctly.
+
+    Example:
+
+    Windows filenames are case-preserving in what you wrote, but case-
+    insensitive when compared. If you synchronize from FS to cloud and then
+    change case-naming in local files, you could end up with this situation:
+
+    Cloud copy is called .../TiVo/...
+    FS copy is called      .../Tivo/...
+
+    Then, if you sync from cloud to FS, if rsync doesn't recognize that on
+    Windows these names are identical, each rsync run will cause both a copy
+    and a delete to be executed.
+    """
+    # Create bucket and dir with same objects, but dir copy has different name
+    # case.
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='Obj1', contents='obj1')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      output = self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir], return_stderr=True)
+      # Nothing should be copied or removed under Windows.
+      if IS_WINDOWS:
+        self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, output)
+      else:
+        self.assertNotEquals(NO_CHANGES, output)
+    _Check1()
+
+  def test_bucket_to_dir_minus_d_with_leftover_dir_placeholder(self):
+    """Tests that we correctly handle leftover dir placeholders.
+
+    See comments in gslib.commands.rsync._FieldedListingIterator for details.
+    """
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    # Create a placeholder like what can be left over by web GUI tools.
+    key_uri = bucket_uri.clone_replace_name('/')
+    key_uri.set_contents_from_string('')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      output = self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-r', suri(bucket_uri), tmpdir], return_stderr=True)
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      # Bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '//']))
+      # Bucket should not have the placeholder object.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1']))
+      # Stdout should report what happened.
+      self.assertRegexpMatches(output, r'.*Skipping cloud sub-directory.*')
+    _Check1()
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, 'os.symlink() is not available on Windows.')
+  def test_rsync_minus_d_minus_e(self):
+    """Tests that rsync -e ignores symlinks."""
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'subdir')
+    os.mkdir(subdir)
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    fpath1 = self.CreateTempFile(
+        tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=subdir, file_name='obj3', contents='subdir/obj3')
+    good_symlink_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'symlink1')
+    os.symlink(fpath1, good_symlink_path)
+    # Make a symlink that points to a non-existent path to test that -e also
+    # handles that case.
+    bad_symlink_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'symlink2')
+    os.symlink(os.path.join('/', 'non-existent'), bad_symlink_path)
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='subdir/obj5',
+                      contents='subdir/obj5')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Ensure listings match the commented expectations."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-e', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(
+          listing1,
+          set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3', '/symlink1', '/symlink2']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but without the symlink, and
+      # without subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5']))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Now remove invalid symlink and run without -e, and see that symlink gets
+    # copied (as file to which it points). Use @Retry as hedge against bucket
+    # listing eventual consistency.
+    os.unlink(bad_symlink_path)
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(
+          listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3', '/symlink1']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but without the symlink, and
+      # without subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(
+          listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj5', '/symlink1']))
+      self.assertEquals('obj1', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket_uri, 'symlink1')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check3():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)], return_stderr=True))
+    _Check3()
+
+  @SkipForS3('S3 does not support composite objects')
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket_minus_d_with_composites(self):
+    """Tests that rsync works with composite objects (which don't have MD5s)."""
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.RunGsUtil(
+        ['compose', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj1'), suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj2'),
+         suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj3')])
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='OBJ2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj3']))
+      # Second bucket should have content like first bucket but without the
+      # subdir objects synchronized.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj3']))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket_minus_d_empty_dest(self):
+    """Tests working with empty dest bucket (iter runs out before src iter)."""
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2']))
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2']))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket_minus_d_empty_src(self):
+    """Tests working with empty src bucket (iter runs out before dst iter)."""
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      stderr = self.RunGsUtil(['ls', suri(bucket1_uri, '**')],
+                              expected_status=1, return_stderr=True)
+      self.assertIn('One or more URLs matched no objects', stderr)
+      stderr = self.RunGsUtil(['ls', suri(bucket2_uri, '**')],
+                              expected_status=1, return_stderr=True)
+      self.assertIn('One or more URLs matched no objects', stderr)
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_rsync_minus_d_minus_p(self):
+    """Tests that rsync -p preserves ACLs."""
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    # Set public-read (non-default) ACL so we can verify that rsync -p works.
+    self.RunGsUtil(['acl', 'set', 'public-read', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj1')])
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync -p works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-p', suri(bucket1_uri),
+                      suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1']))
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1']))
+      acl1_json = self.RunGsUtil(['acl', 'get', suri(bucket1_uri, 'obj1')],
+                                 return_stdout=True)
+      acl2_json = self.RunGsUtil(['acl', 'get', suri(bucket2_uri, 'obj1')],
+                                 return_stdout=True)
+      self.assertEquals(acl1_json, acl2_json)
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-p', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_rsync_to_nonexistent_bucket_subdir(self):
+    """Tests that rsync to non-existent bucket subdir works."""
+    # Create dir with some objects and empty bucket.
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'subdir')
+    os.mkdir(subdir)
+    bucket_url = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=subdir, file_name='obj3', contents='subdir/obj3')
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-r', tmpdir, suri(bucket_url, 'subdir')])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(
+          suri(bucket_url, 'subdir'),
+          self._FlatListBucket(bucket_url.clone_replace_name('subdir')))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+      # Bucket subdir should have content like dir.
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/subdir/obj3']))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-r', tmpdir, suri(bucket_url, 'subdir')],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_rsync_from_nonexistent_bucket(self):
+    """Tests that rsync from a non-existent bucket subdir fails gracefully."""
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    bucket_url_str = '%s://%s' % (
+        self.default_provider, self.nonexistent_bucket_name)
+    stderr = self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', bucket_url_str, tmpdir],
+                            expected_status=1, return_stderr=True)
+    self.assertIn('Caught non-retryable exception', stderr)
+    listing = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+    # Dir should have un-altered content.
+    self.assertEquals(listing, set(['/obj1', '/obj2']))
+
+  def test_rsync_to_nonexistent_bucket(self):
+    """Tests that rsync from a non-existent bucket subdir fails gracefully."""
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    bucket_url_str = '%s://%s' % (
+        self.default_provider, self.nonexistent_bucket_name)
+    stderr = self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', bucket_url_str, tmpdir],
+                            expected_status=1, return_stderr=True)
+    self.assertIn('Caught non-retryable exception', stderr)
+    listing = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+    # Dir should have un-altered content.
+    self.assertEquals(listing, set(['/obj1', '/obj2']))
+
+  def test_bucket_to_bucket_minus_d_with_overwrite_and_punc_chars(self):
+    """Tests that punc chars in filenames don't confuse sort order."""
+    bucket1_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    bucket2_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    # Create 2 objects in each bucket, with one overwritten with a name that's
+    # less than the next name in destination bucket when encoded, but not when
+    # compared without encoding.
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='e/obj1',
+                      contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket1_uri, object_name='e-1/obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='e/obj1',
+                      contents='OBJ1')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket2_uri, object_name='e-1/obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    # Need to make sure the bucket listings are caught-up, otherwise the
+    # rsync may not see all objects and fail to synchronize correctly.
+    self.AssertNObjectsInBucket(bucket1_uri, 2)
+    self.AssertNObjectsInBucket(bucket2_uri, 2)
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-rd', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(suri(bucket1_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket1_uri))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket2_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket2_uri))
+      # First bucket should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/e/obj1', '/e-1/obj2']))
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/e/obj1', '/e-1/obj2']))
+      # Assert correct contents.
+      self.assertEquals('obj1', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket2_uri, 'e/obj1')], return_stdout=True))
+      self.assertEquals('obj2', self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['cat', suri(bucket2_uri, 'e-1/obj2')], return_stdout=True))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', suri(bucket1_uri), suri(bucket2_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()
+
+  def test_dir_to_bucket_minus_x(self):
+    """Tests that rsync -x option works correctly."""
+    # Create dir and bucket with 1 overlapping and 2 extra objects in each.
+    tmpdir = self.CreateTempDir()
+    bucket_uri = self.CreateBucket()
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj1', contents='obj1')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj2', contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateTempFile(tmpdir=tmpdir, file_name='obj3', contents='obj3')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj2',
+                      contents='obj2')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj4',
+                      contents='obj4')
+    self.CreateObject(bucket_uri=bucket_uri, object_name='obj5',
+                      contents='obj5')
+
+    # Need to make sure the bucket listing is caught-up, otherwise the
+    # first rsync may not see obj2 and overwrite it.
+    self.AssertNObjectsInBucket(bucket_uri, 3)
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check1():
+      """Tests rsync works as expected."""
+      self.RunGsUtil(['rsync', '-d', '-x', 'obj[34]', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)])
+      listing1 = _TailSet(tmpdir, self._FlatListDir(tmpdir))
+      listing2 = _TailSet(suri(bucket_uri), self._FlatListBucket(bucket_uri))
+      # Dir should have un-altered content.
+      self.assertEquals(listing1, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj3']))
+      # Bucket should have content like dir but ignoring obj3 from dir and not
+      # deleting obj4 from bucket (per exclude regex).
+      self.assertEquals(listing2, set(['/obj1', '/obj2', '/obj4']))
+    _Check1()
+
+    # Use @Retry as hedge against bucket listing eventual consistency.
+    @Retry(AssertionError, tries=3, timeout_secs=1)
+    def _Check2():
+      # Check that re-running the same rsync command causes no more changes.
+      self.assertEquals(NO_CHANGES, self.RunGsUtil(
+          ['rsync', '-d', '-x', 'obj[34]', tmpdir, suri(bucket_uri)],
+          return_stderr=True))
+    _Check2()