| Index: docs/linux_sandboxing.md
|
| diff --git a/docs/linux_sandboxing.md b/docs/linux_sandboxing.md
|
| index 00ba8dd8681414d0999b3e70f287dfe3139c7d5b..fb7cc73b74080e4194611ea1d7fc8690df8cd9ec 100644
|
| --- a/docs/linux_sandboxing.md
|
| +++ b/docs/linux_sandboxing.md
|
| @@ -1,20 +1,41 @@
|
| -Chromium uses a multiprocess model, which allows to give different privileges and restrictions to different parts of the browser. For instance, we want renderers to run with a limited set of privileges since they process untrusted input and are likely to be compromised. Renderers will use an IPC mechanism to request access to resource from a more privileged (browser process).
|
| -You can find more about this general design [here](http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/sandbox).
|
| +# Linux Sandboxing
|
|
|
| -We use different sandboxing techniques on Linux and Chrome OS, in combination, to achieve a good level of sandboxing. You can see which sandboxes are currently engaged by looking at chrome://sandbox (renderer processes) and chrome://gpu (gpu process).
|
| +Chromium uses a multiprocess model, which allows to give different privileges
|
| +and restrictions to different parts of the browser. For instance, we want
|
| +renderers to run with a limited set of privileges since they process untrusted
|
| +input and are likely to be compromised. Renderers will use an IPC mechanism to
|
| +request access to resource from a more privileged (browser process).
|
| +You can find more about this general design
|
| +[here](http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/sandbox).
|
| +
|
| +We use different sandboxing techniques on Linux and Chrome OS, in combination,
|
| +to achieve a good level of sandboxing. You can see which sandboxes are currently
|
| +engaged by looking at chrome://sandbox (renderer processes) and chrome://gpu
|
| +(gpu process).
|
|
|
| We have a two layers approach:
|
|
|
| - * Layer-1 (also called the "semantics" layer) prevents access to most resources from a process where it's engaged. The setuid sandbox is used for this.
|
| - * Layer-2 (also called "attack surface reduction" layer) restricts access from a process to the attack surface of the kernel. Seccomp-BPF is used for this.
|
| +* Layer-1 (also called the "semantics" layer) prevents access to most
|
| + resources from a process where it's engaged. The setuid sandbox is used for
|
| + this.
|
| +* Layer-2 (also called "attack surface reduction" layer) restricts access from
|
| + a process to the attack surface of the kernel. Seccomp-BPF is used for this.
|
|
|
| -You can disable all sandboxing (for testing) with --no-sandbox.
|
| +You can disable all sandboxing (for testing) with `--no-sandbox`.
|
|
|
| ## Layered approach
|
|
|
| -One notable difficulty with seccomp-bpf is that filtering at the system call interface provides difficult to understand semantics. One crucial aspect is that if a process A runs under seccomp-bpf, we need to guarantee that it cannot affect the integrity of process B running under a different seccomp-bpf policy (which would be a sandbox escape). Besides the obvious system calls such as ptrace() or process\_vm\_writev(), there are multiple subtle issues, such as using open() on /proc entries.
|
| +One notable difficulty with `seccomp-bpf` is that filtering at the system call
|
| +interface provides difficult to understand semantics. One crucial aspect is that
|
| +if a process A runs under `seccomp-bpf`, we need to guarantee that it cannot
|
| +affect the integrity of process B running under a different `seccomp-bpf` policy
|
| +(which would be a sandbox escape). Besides the obvious system calls such as
|
| +`ptrace()` or `process_vm_writev()`, there are multiple subtle issues, such as
|
| +using `open()` on `/proc` entries.
|
|
|
| -Our layer-1 guarantees the integrity of processes running under different seccomp-bpf policies. In addition, it allows restricting access to the network, something that is difficult to perform at the layer-2.
|
| +Our layer-1 guarantees the integrity of processes running under different
|
| +`seccomp-bpf` policies. In addition, it allows restricting access to the
|
| +network, something that is difficult to perform at the layer-2.
|
|
|
| ## Sandbox types summary
|
|
|
| @@ -31,67 +52,101 @@ Our layer-1 guarantees the integrity of processes running under different seccom
|
|
|
| Also called SUID sandbox, our main layer-1 sandbox.
|
|
|
| -A SUID binary that will create a new network and PID namespace, as well as chroot() the process to an empty directory on request.
|
| +A SUID binary that will create a new network and PID namespace, as well as
|
| +`chroot()` the process to an empty directory on request.
|
|
|
| -To disable it, use --disable-setuid-sandbox. (Do not remove the binary or unset CHROME\_DEVEL\_SANDBOX, it is not supported).
|
| +To disable it, use `--disable-setuid-sandbox`. (Do not remove the binary or
|
| +unset `CHROME_DEVEL_SANDBOX`, it is not supported).
|
|
|
| -_Main page: [LinuxSUIDSandbox](LinuxSUIDSandbox.md)_
|
| +Main page: [LinuxSUIDSandbox](linux_suid_sandbox.md)
|
|
|
| ## User namespaces sandbox
|
|
|
| -The namespace sandbox [aims to replace the setuid sandbox](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=312380). It has the advantage of not requiring a setuid binary. It's based on (unprivileged)
|
| -[user namespaces](https://lwn.net/Articles/531114/) in the Linux kernel. It generally requires a kernel >= 3.10, although it may work with 3.8 if certain patches are backported.
|
| +The namespace sandbox
|
| +[aims to replace the setuid sandbox](https://crbug.com/312380). It has the
|
| +advantage of not requiring a setuid binary. It's based on (unprivileged)
|
| +[user namespaces](https://lwn.net/Articles/531114/) in the Linux kernel. It
|
| +generally requires a kernel >= 3.10, although it may work with 3.8 if certain
|
| +patches are backported.
|
|
|
| -Starting with M-43, if the kernel supports it, unprivileged namespaces are used instead of the setuid sandbox. Starting with M-44, certain processes run [in their own PID namespace](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=460972), which isolates them better.
|
| +Starting with M-43, if the kernel supports it, unprivileged namespaces are used
|
| +instead of the setuid sandbox. Starting with M-44, certain processes run
|
| +[in their own PID namespace](https://crbug.com/460972), which isolates them
|
| +better.
|
|
|
| -## The <tt>seccomp-bpf</tt> sandbox
|
| +## The `seccomp-bpf` sandbox
|
|
|
| -Also called <tt>seccomp-filters</tt> sandbox.
|
| +Also called `seccomp-filters` sandbox.
|
|
|
| -Our main layer-2 sandbox, designed to shelter the kernel from malicious code executing in userland.
|
| +Our main layer-2 sandbox, designed to shelter the kernel from malicious code
|
| +executing in userland.
|
|
|
| -Also used as layer-1 in the GPU process. A [BPF](http://www.tcpdump.org/papers/bpf-usenix93.pdf) compiler will compile a process-specific program
|
| -to filter system calls and send it to the kernel. The kernel will interpret this program for each system call and allow or disallow the call.
|
| +Also used as layer-1 in the GPU process. A
|
| +[BPF](http://www.tcpdump.org/papers/bpf-usenix93.pdf) compiler will compile a
|
| +process-specific program to filter system calls and send it to the kernel. The
|
| +kernel will interpret this program for each system call and allow or disallow
|
| +the call.
|
|
|
| -To help with sandboxing of existing code, the kernel can also synchronously raise a SIGSYS signal. This allows user-land to perform actions such as "log and return errno", emulate the system call or broker-out the system call (perform a remote system call via IPC). Implementing this requires a low-level async-signal safe IPC facility.
|
| +To help with sandboxing of existing code, the kernel can also synchronously
|
| +raise a `SIGSYS` signal. This allows user-land to perform actions such as "log
|
| +and return errno", emulate the system call or broker-out the system call
|
| +(perform a remote system call via IPC). Implementing this requires a low-level
|
| +async-signal safe IPC facility.
|
|
|
| -Seccomp-bpf is supported since Linux 3.5, but is also back-ported on Ubuntu 12.04 and is always available on Chrome OS. See [this page](http://outflux.net/teach-seccomp/) for more information.
|
| +`seccomp-bpf` is supported since Linux 3.5, but is also back-ported on Ubuntu
|
| +12.04 and is always available on Chrome OS. See
|
| +[this page](http://outflux.net/teach-seccomp/) for more information.
|
|
|
| -See [this blog post](http://blog.chromium.org/2012/11/a-safer-playground-for-your-linux-and.html) announcing Chrome support. Or [this one](http://blog.cr0.org/2012/09/introducing-chromes-next-generation.html) for a more technical overview.
|
| +See
|
| +[this blog post](http://blog.chromium.org/2012/11/a-safer-playground-for-your-linux-and.html)
|
| +announcing Chrome support. Or
|
| +[this one](http://blog.cr0.org/2012/09/introducing-chromes-next-generation.html)
|
| +for a more technical overview.
|
|
|
| -This sandbox can be disabled with --disable-seccomp-filter-sandbox.
|
| +This sandbox can be disabled with `--disable-seccomp-filter-sandbox`.
|
|
|
| -## The <tt>seccomp</tt> sandbox
|
| +## The `seccomp` sandbox
|
|
|
| -Also called <tt>seccomp-legacy</tt>. An obsolete layer-1 sandbox, then available as an optional layer-2 sandbox.
|
| +Also called `seccomp-legacy`. An obsolete layer-1 sandbox, then available as an
|
| +optional layer-2 sandbox.
|
|
|
| -Deprecated by seccomp-bpf and removed from the Chromium code base. It still exists as a separate project [here](https://code.google.com/p/seccompsandbox/).
|
| +Deprecated by seccomp-bpf and removed from the Chromium code base. It still
|
| +exists as a separate project [here](https://code.google.com/p/seccompsandbox/).
|
|
|
| See:
|
| - * http://www.imperialviolet.org/2009/08/26/seccomp.html
|
| - * http://lwn.net/Articles/346902/
|
| - * https://code.google.com/p/seccompsandbox/
|
| +
|
| +* http://www.imperialviolet.org/2009/08/26/seccomp.html
|
| +* http://lwn.net/Articles/346902/
|
| +* https://code.google.com/p/seccompsandbox/
|
|
|
| ## SELinux
|
|
|
| -[Deprecated](https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?revision=200838&view=revision). Was designed to be used instead of the SUID sandbox.
|
| +[Deprecated](https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?revision=200838&view=revision).
|
| +Was designed to be used instead of the SUID sandbox.
|
|
|
| Old information for archival purposes:
|
|
|
| -One can build Chromium with <tt>selinux=1</tt> and the Zygote (which starts the renderers and PPAPI processes) will do a
|
| -dynamic transition. audit2allow will quickly build a usable module.
|
| +One can build Chromium with `selinux=1` and the Zygote (which starts the
|
| +renderers and PPAPI processes) will do a dynamic transition. audit2allow will
|
| +quickly build a usable module.
|
|
|
| -Available since [r26257](http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?view=rev&revision=26257),
|
| -more information in [this blog post](http://www.imperialviolet.org/2009/07/14/selinux.html) (grep for
|
| -'dynamic' since dynamic transitions are a little obscure in SELinux)
|
| +Available since
|
| +[r26257](http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?view=rev&revision=26257),
|
| +more information in
|
| +[this blog post](http://www.imperialviolet.org/2009/07/14/selinux.html) (grep
|
| +for 'dynamic' since dynamic transitions are a little obscure in SELinux)
|
|
|
| ## Developing and debugging with sandboxing
|
|
|
| Sandboxing can make developing harder, see:
|
| - * [this page](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSUIDSandboxDevelopment) for the setuid sandbox
|
| - * [this page](http://www.chromium.org/for-testers/bug-reporting-guidelines/hanging-tabs) for triggering crashes
|
| - * [this page for debugging tricks](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxDebugging#Getting_renderer_subprocesses_into_gdb)
|
| +
|
| +* [this page](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSUIDSandboxDevelopment)
|
| + for the `setuid` sandbox
|
| +* [this page](http://www.chromium.org/for-testers/bug-reporting-guidelines/hanging-tabs)
|
| + for triggering crashes
|
| +* [this page for debugging tricks](linux_debugging.md)
|
|
|
| ## See also
|
| - * [LinuxSandboxIPC](LinuxSandboxIPC.md)
|
| - * [How Chromium's Linux sandbox affects Native Client](https://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/wiki/LinuxOuterSandbox)
|
| +
|
| +* [LinuxSandboxIPC](linux_sandbox_ipc.md)
|
| +* [How Chromium's Linux sandbox affects Native Client](https://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/wiki/LinuxOuterSandbox)
|
|
|