Split resolution into several libraries.

pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart

Index: pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart
diff --git a/pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart b/pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart
index 73efaf40a4b46ac0202338c2fb2842f7a9fba676..3209c07cbbcdbff3f0ad97d4ffc656bf73075bf2 100644
--- a/pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart
+++ b/pkg/compiler/lib/src/resolution/resolution.dart
@@ -2,95 +2,1044 @@
 // for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 // BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-library resolution;
+library dart2js.resolution;
 
 import 'dart:collection' show Queue;
 
-import '../common/backend_api.dart' show
-    Backend;
-import '../common/registry.dart' show
-    Registry;
 import '../common/tasks.dart' show
     CompilerTask,
     DeferredAction;
 import '../compiler.dart' show
-    Compiler,
-    isPrivateName;
-import '../compile_time_constants.dart';
-import '../constants/constructors.dart';
-import '../constants/expressions.dart';
-import '../constants/values.dart';
-import '../core_types.dart';
-import '../dart_backend/dart_backend.dart' show DartBackend;
+    Compiler;
+import '../compile_time_constants.dart' show
+    ConstantCompiler;
+import '../constants/values.dart' show
+    ConstantValue;
 import '../dart_types.dart';
 import '../diagnostics/invariant.dart' show
     invariant;
-import '../diagnostics/messages.dart' show MessageKind;
+import '../diagnostics/messages.dart' show
+    MessageKind;
 import '../diagnostics/spannable.dart' show
     Spannable;
-import '../enqueue.dart' show
-    ResolutionEnqueuer,
-    WorldImpact;
-import '../tree/tree.dart';
-import '../scanner/scannerlib.dart';
 import '../elements/elements.dart';
 import '../elements/modelx.dart' show
     BaseClassElementX,
     BaseFunctionElementX,
     ConstructorElementX,
-    ErroneousConstructorElementX,
-    ErroneousElementX,
-    ErroneousFieldElementX,
-    ErroneousInitializingFormalElementX,
     FieldElementX,
-    FormalElementX,
     FunctionElementX,
-    FunctionSignatureX,
     GetterElementX,
-    InitializingFormalElementX,
-    JumpTargetX,
-    LabelDefinitionX,
-    LocalFunctionElementX,
-    LocalParameterElementX,
-    LocalVariableElementX,
     MetadataAnnotationX,
-    MethodElementX,
     MixinApplicationElementX,
-    ParameterElementX,
     ParameterMetadataAnnotation,
     SetterElementX,
-    SynthesizedConstructorElementX,
-    TypeVariableElementX,
-    TypedefElementX,
-    VariableElementX,
-    VariableList;
-import '../ordered_typeset.dart' show OrderedTypeSet, OrderedTypeSetBuilder;
-import '../types/types.dart' show TypeMask;
-import '../util/util.dart';
-import '../universe/universe.dart' show
-    CallStructure,
-    Selector,
-    SelectorKind,
-    UniverseSelector;
-import '../world.dart' show World;
-
-import 'access_semantics.dart';
+    TypedefElementX;
+import '../enqueue.dart' show
+    WorldImpact;
+import '../scanner/scannerlib.dart' show
+    isBinaryOperator,
+    isMinusOperator,
+    isTernaryOperator,
+    isUnaryOperator,
+    isUserDefinableOperator;
+import '../tree/tree.dart';
+import '../util/util.dart' show
+    Link,
+    LinkBuilder,
+    Setlet;
+
+import 'class_hierarchy.dart';
 import 'class_members.dart' show MembersCreator;
-import 'enum_creator.dart';
-import 'operators.dart';
-import 'secret_tree_element.dart' show getTreeElement, setTreeElement;
-import 'send_structure.dart';
-
-part 'class_hierarchy.dart';
-part 'constructors.dart';
-part 'label_scope.dart';
-part 'members.dart';
-part 'registry.dart';
-part 'resolution_common.dart';
-part 'resolution_result.dart';
-part 'scope.dart';
-part 'signatures.dart';
-part 'tree_elements.dart';
-part 'typedefs.dart';
-part 'type_resolver.dart';
-part 'variables.dart';
+import 'constructors.dart';
+import 'members.dart';
+import 'registry.dart';
+import 'signatures.dart';
+import 'tree_elements.dart';
+import 'typedefs.dart';
+

[Johnni Winther, 2015/08/17 08:01:34]

The rest of the file is moved here from resolver_common.dart.

+class ResolverTask extends CompilerTask {
+  final ConstantCompiler constantCompiler;
+
+  ResolverTask(Compiler compiler, this.constantCompiler) : super(compiler);
+
+  String get name => 'Resolver';
+
+  WorldImpact resolve(Element element) {
+    return measure(() {
+      if (Elements.isErroneous(element)) {
+        // TODO(johnniwinther): Add a predicate for this.
+        assert(invariant(element, element is! ErroneousElement,
+            message: "Element $element expected to have parse errors."));
+        _ensureTreeElements(element);
+        return const WorldImpact();
+      }
+
+      WorldImpact processMetadata([WorldImpact result]) {
+        for (MetadataAnnotation metadata in element.metadata) {
+          metadata.ensureResolved(compiler);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      ElementKind kind = element.kind;
+      if (identical(kind, ElementKind.GENERATIVE_CONSTRUCTOR) ||
+          identical(kind, ElementKind.FUNCTION) ||
+          identical(kind, ElementKind.GETTER) ||
+          identical(kind, ElementKind.SETTER)) {
+        return processMetadata(resolveMethodElement(element));
+      }
+
+      if (identical(kind, ElementKind.FIELD)) {
+        return processMetadata(resolveField(element));
+      }
+      if (element.isClass) {
+        ClassElement cls = element;
+        cls.ensureResolved(compiler);
+        return processMetadata(const WorldImpact());
+      } else if (element.isTypedef) {
+        TypedefElement typdef = element;
+        return processMetadata(resolveTypedef(typdef));
+      }
+
+      compiler.unimplemented(element, "resolve($element)");
+    });
+  }
+
+  void resolveRedirectingConstructor(InitializerResolver resolver,
+                                     Node node,
+                                     FunctionElement constructor,
+                                     FunctionElement redirection) {
+    assert(invariant(node, constructor.isImplementation,
+        message: 'Redirecting constructors must be resolved on implementation '
+                 'elements.'));
+    Setlet<FunctionElement> seen = new Setlet<FunctionElement>();
+    seen.add(constructor);
+    while (redirection != null) {
+      // Ensure that we follow redirections through implementation elements.
+      redirection = redirection.implementation;
+      if (seen.contains(redirection)) {
+        resolver.visitor.error(node, MessageKind.REDIRECTING_CONSTRUCTOR_CYCLE);
+        return;
+      }
+      seen.add(redirection);
+      redirection = resolver.visitor.resolveConstructorRedirection(redirection);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static void processAsyncMarker(Compiler compiler,
+                                 BaseFunctionElementX element,
+                                 ResolutionRegistry registry) {
+    FunctionExpression functionExpression = element.node;
+    AsyncModifier asyncModifier = functionExpression.asyncModifier;
+    if (asyncModifier != null) {
+
+      if (asyncModifier.isAsynchronous) {
+        element.asyncMarker = asyncModifier.isYielding
+            ? AsyncMarker.ASYNC_STAR : AsyncMarker.ASYNC;
+      } else {
+        element.asyncMarker = AsyncMarker.SYNC_STAR;
+      }
+      if (element.isAbstract) {
+        compiler.reportError(asyncModifier,
+            MessageKind.ASYNC_MODIFIER_ON_ABSTRACT_METHOD,
+            {'modifier': element.asyncMarker});
+      } else if (element.isConstructor) {
+        compiler.reportError(asyncModifier,
+            MessageKind.ASYNC_MODIFIER_ON_CONSTRUCTOR,
+            {'modifier': element.asyncMarker});
+      } else {
+        if (element.isSetter) {
+          compiler.reportError(asyncModifier,
+              MessageKind.ASYNC_MODIFIER_ON_SETTER,
+              {'modifier': element.asyncMarker});
+
+        }
+        if (functionExpression.body.asReturn() != null &&
+            element.asyncMarker.isYielding) {
+          compiler.reportError(asyncModifier,
+              MessageKind.YIELDING_MODIFIER_ON_ARROW_BODY,
+              {'modifier': element.asyncMarker});
+        }
+      }
+      registry.registerAsyncMarker(element);
+      switch (element.asyncMarker) {
+      case AsyncMarker.ASYNC:
+        compiler.futureClass.ensureResolved(compiler);
+        break;
+      case AsyncMarker.ASYNC_STAR:
+        compiler.streamClass.ensureResolved(compiler);
+        break;
+      case AsyncMarker.SYNC_STAR:
+        compiler.iterableClass.ensureResolved(compiler);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool _isNativeClassOrExtendsNativeClass(ClassElement classElement) {
+    assert(classElement != null);
+    while (classElement != null) {
+      if (classElement.isNative) return true;
+      classElement = classElement.superclass;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  WorldImpact resolveMethodElementImplementation(
+      FunctionElement element, FunctionExpression tree) {
+    return compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () {
+      if (element.isExternal && tree.hasBody()) {
+        error(element,
+            MessageKind.EXTERNAL_WITH_BODY,
+            {'functionName': element.name});
+      }
+      if (element.isConstructor) {
+        if (tree.returnType != null) {
+          error(tree, MessageKind.CONSTRUCTOR_WITH_RETURN_TYPE);
+        }
+        if (element.isConst &&
+            tree.hasBody() &&
+            !tree.isRedirectingFactory) {
+          error(tree, MessageKind.CONST_CONSTRUCTOR_HAS_BODY);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ResolverVisitor visitor = visitorFor(element);
+      ResolutionRegistry registry = visitor.registry;
+      registry.defineFunction(tree, element);
+      visitor.setupFunction(tree, element);
+      processAsyncMarker(compiler, element, registry);
+
+      if (element.isGenerativeConstructor) {
+        // Even if there is no initializer list we still have to do the
+        // resolution in case there is an implicit super constructor call.
+        InitializerResolver resolver =
+            new InitializerResolver(visitor, element, tree);
+        FunctionElement redirection = resolver.resolveInitializers();
+        if (redirection != null) {
+          resolveRedirectingConstructor(resolver, tree, element, redirection);
+        }
+      } else if (tree.initializers != null) {
+        error(tree, MessageKind.FUNCTION_WITH_INITIALIZER);
+      }
+
+      if (!compiler.analyzeSignaturesOnly || tree.isRedirectingFactory) {
+        // We need to analyze the redirecting factory bodies to ensure that
+        // we can analyze compile-time constants.
+        visitor.visit(tree.body);
+      }
+
+      // Get the resolution tree and check that the resolved
+      // function doesn't use 'super' if it is mixed into another
+      // class. This is the part of the 'super' mixin check that
+      // happens when a function is resolved after the mixin
+      // application has been performed.
+      TreeElements resolutionTree = registry.mapping;
+      ClassElement enclosingClass = element.enclosingClass;
+      if (enclosingClass != null) {
+        // TODO(johnniwinther): Find another way to obtain mixin uses.
+        Iterable<MixinApplicationElement> mixinUses =
+            compiler.world.allMixinUsesOf(enclosingClass);
+        ClassElement mixin = enclosingClass;
+        for (MixinApplicationElement mixinApplication in mixinUses) {
+          checkMixinSuperUses(resolutionTree, mixinApplication, mixin);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // TODO(9631): support noSuchMethod on native classes.
+      if (Elements.isInstanceMethod(element) &&
+          element.name == Compiler.NO_SUCH_METHOD &&
+          _isNativeClassOrExtendsNativeClass(enclosingClass)) {
+        error(tree, MessageKind.NO_SUCH_METHOD_IN_NATIVE);
+      }
+
+      return registry.worldImpact;
+    });
+
+  }
+
+  WorldImpact resolveMethodElement(FunctionElementX element) {
+    assert(invariant(element, element.isDeclaration));
+    return compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () {
+      if (compiler.enqueuer.resolution.hasBeenResolved(element)) {
+        // TODO(karlklose): Remove the check for [isConstructor]. [elememts]
+        // should never be non-null, not even for constructors.
+        assert(invariant(element, element.isConstructor,
+            message: 'Non-constructor element $element '
+                     'has already been analyzed.'));
+        return const WorldImpact();
+      }
+      if (element.isSynthesized) {
+        if (element.isGenerativeConstructor) {
+          ResolutionRegistry registry =
+              new ResolutionRegistry(compiler, _ensureTreeElements(element));
+          ConstructorElement constructor = element.asFunctionElement();
+          ConstructorElement target = constructor.definingConstructor;
+          // Ensure the signature of the synthesized element is
+          // resolved. This is the only place where the resolver is
+          // seeing this element.
+          element.computeSignature(compiler);
+          if (!target.isErroneous) {
+            registry.registerStaticUse(target);
+            registry.registerImplicitSuperCall(target);
+          }
+          return registry.worldImpact;
+        } else {
+          assert(element.isDeferredLoaderGetter || element.isErroneous);
+          _ensureTreeElements(element);
+          return const WorldImpact();
+        }
+      } else {
+        element.parseNode(compiler);
+        element.computeType(compiler);
+        FunctionElementX implementation = element;
+        if (element.isExternal) {
+          implementation = compiler.backend.resolveExternalFunction(element);
+        }
+        return resolveMethodElementImplementation(
+            implementation, implementation.node);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /// Creates a [ResolverVisitor] for resolving an AST in context of [element].
+  /// If [useEnclosingScope] is `true` then the initial scope of the visitor
+  /// does not include inner scope of [element].
+  ///
+  /// This method should only be used by this library (or tests of
+  /// this library).
+  ResolverVisitor visitorFor(Element element, {bool useEnclosingScope: false}) {
+    return new ResolverVisitor(compiler, element,
+        new ResolutionRegistry(compiler, _ensureTreeElements(element)),
+        useEnclosingScope: useEnclosingScope);
+  }
+
+  WorldImpact resolveField(FieldElementX element) {
+    VariableDefinitions tree = element.parseNode(compiler);
+    if(element.modifiers.isStatic && element.isTopLevel) {
+      error(element.modifiers.getStatic(),
+            MessageKind.TOP_LEVEL_VARIABLE_DECLARED_STATIC);
+    }
+    ResolverVisitor visitor = visitorFor(element);
+    ResolutionRegistry registry = visitor.registry;
+    // TODO(johnniwinther): Maybe remove this when placeholderCollector migrates
+    // to the backend ast.
+    registry.defineElement(tree.definitions.nodes.head, element);
+    // TODO(johnniwinther): Share the resolved type between all variables
+    // declared in the same declaration.
+    if (tree.type != null) {
+      element.variables.type = visitor.resolveTypeAnnotation(tree.type);
+    } else {
+      element.variables.type = const DynamicType();
+    }
+
+    Expression initializer = element.initializer;
+    Modifiers modifiers = element.modifiers;
+    if (initializer != null) {
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Avoid analyzing initializers if
+      // [Compiler.analyzeSignaturesOnly] is set.
+      visitor.visit(initializer);
+    } else if (modifiers.isConst) {
+      compiler.reportError(element, MessageKind.CONST_WITHOUT_INITIALIZER);
+    } else if (modifiers.isFinal && !element.isInstanceMember) {
+      compiler.reportError(element, MessageKind.FINAL_WITHOUT_INITIALIZER);
+    } else {
+      registry.registerInstantiatedClass(compiler.nullClass);
+    }
+
+    if (Elements.isStaticOrTopLevelField(element)) {
+      visitor.addDeferredAction(element, () {
+        if (element.modifiers.isConst) {
+          element.constant = constantCompiler.compileConstant(element);
+        } else {
+          constantCompiler.compileVariable(element);
+        }
+      });
+      if (initializer != null) {
+        if (!element.modifiers.isConst) {
+          // TODO(johnniwinther): Determine the const-ness eagerly to avoid
+          // unnecessary registrations.
+          registry.registerLazyField();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Perform various checks as side effect of "computing" the type.
+    element.computeType(compiler);
+
+    return registry.worldImpact;
+  }
+
+  DartType resolveTypeAnnotation(Element element, TypeAnnotation annotation) {
+    DartType type = resolveReturnType(element, annotation);
+    if (type.isVoid) {
+      error(annotation, MessageKind.VOID_NOT_ALLOWED);
+    }
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  DartType resolveReturnType(Element element, TypeAnnotation annotation) {
+    if (annotation == null) return const DynamicType();
+    DartType result = visitorFor(element).resolveTypeAnnotation(annotation);
+    if (result == null) {
+      // TODO(karklose): warning.
+      return const DynamicType();
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  void resolveRedirectionChain(ConstructorElementX constructor,
+                               Spannable node) {
+    ConstructorElementX target = constructor;
+    InterfaceType targetType;
+    List<Element> seen = new List<Element>();
+    // Follow the chain of redirections and check for cycles.
+    while (target.isRedirectingFactory) {
+      if (target.internalEffectiveTarget != null) {
+        // We found a constructor that already has been processed.
+        targetType = target.effectiveTargetType;
+        assert(invariant(target, targetType != null,
+            message: 'Redirection target type has not been computed for '
+                     '$target'));
+        target = target.internalEffectiveTarget;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      Element nextTarget = target.immediateRedirectionTarget;
+      if (seen.contains(nextTarget)) {
+        error(node, MessageKind.CYCLIC_REDIRECTING_FACTORY);
+        targetType = target.enclosingClass.thisType;
+        break;
+      }
+      seen.add(target);
+      target = nextTarget;
+    }
+
+    if (targetType == null) {
+      assert(!target.isRedirectingFactory);
+      targetType = target.enclosingClass.thisType;
+    }
+
+    // [target] is now the actual target of the redirections.  Run through
+    // the constructors again and set their [redirectionTarget], so that we
+    // do not have to run the loop for these constructors again. Furthermore,
+    // compute [redirectionTargetType] for each factory by computing the
+    // substitution of the target type with respect to the factory type.
+    while (!seen.isEmpty) {
+      ConstructorElementX factory = seen.removeLast();
+
+      // [factory] must already be analyzed but the [TreeElements] might not
+      // have been stored in the enqueuer cache yet.
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Store [TreeElements] in the cache before
+      // resolution of the element.
+      TreeElements treeElements = factory.treeElements;
+      assert(invariant(node, treeElements != null,
+          message: 'No TreeElements cached for $factory.'));
+      FunctionExpression functionNode = factory.parseNode(compiler);
+      RedirectingFactoryBody redirectionNode = functionNode.body;
+      DartType factoryType = treeElements.getType(redirectionNode);
+      if (!factoryType.isDynamic) {
+        targetType = targetType.substByContext(factoryType);
+      }
+      factory.effectiveTarget = target;
+      factory.effectiveTargetType = targetType;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load and resolve the supertypes of [cls].
+   *
+   * Warning: do not call this method directly. It should only be
+   * called by [resolveClass] and [ClassSupertypeResolver].
+   */
+  void loadSupertypes(BaseClassElementX cls, Spannable from) {
+    compiler.withCurrentElement(cls, () => measure(() {
+      if (cls.supertypeLoadState == STATE_DONE) return;
+      if (cls.supertypeLoadState == STATE_STARTED) {
+        compiler.reportError(from, MessageKind.CYCLIC_CLASS_HIERARCHY,
+                                 {'className': cls.name});
+        cls.supertypeLoadState = STATE_DONE;
+        cls.hasIncompleteHierarchy = true;
+        cls.allSupertypesAndSelf =
+            compiler.objectClass.allSupertypesAndSelf.extendClass(
+                cls.computeType(compiler));
+        cls.supertype = cls.allSupertypes.head;
+        assert(invariant(from, cls.supertype != null,
+            message: 'Missing supertype on cyclic class $cls.'));
+        cls.interfaces = const Link<DartType>();
+        return;
+      }
+      cls.supertypeLoadState = STATE_STARTED;
+      compiler.withCurrentElement(cls, () {
+        // TODO(ahe): Cache the node in cls.
+        cls.parseNode(compiler).accept(
+            new ClassSupertypeResolver(compiler, cls));
+        if (cls.supertypeLoadState != STATE_DONE) {
+          cls.supertypeLoadState = STATE_DONE;
+        }
+      });
+    }));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(johnniwinther): Remove this queue when resolution has been split into
+  // syntax and semantic resolution.
+  TypeDeclarationElement currentlyResolvedTypeDeclaration;
+  Queue<ClassElement> pendingClassesToBeResolved = new Queue<ClassElement>();
+  Queue<ClassElement> pendingClassesToBePostProcessed =
+      new Queue<ClassElement>();
+
+  /// Resolve [element] using [resolveTypeDeclaration].
+  ///
+  /// This methods ensure that class declarations encountered through type
+  /// annotations during the resolution of [element] are resolved after
+  /// [element] has been resolved.
+  // TODO(johnniwinther): Encapsulate this functionality in a
+  // 'TypeDeclarationResolver'.
+  _resolveTypeDeclaration(TypeDeclarationElement element,
+                          resolveTypeDeclaration()) {
+    return compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () {
+      return measure(() {
+        TypeDeclarationElement previousResolvedTypeDeclaration =
+            currentlyResolvedTypeDeclaration;
+        currentlyResolvedTypeDeclaration = element;
+        var result = resolveTypeDeclaration();
+        if (previousResolvedTypeDeclaration == null) {
+          do {
+            while (!pendingClassesToBeResolved.isEmpty) {
+              pendingClassesToBeResolved.removeFirst().ensureResolved(compiler);
+            }
+            while (!pendingClassesToBePostProcessed.isEmpty) {
+              _postProcessClassElement(
+                  pendingClassesToBePostProcessed.removeFirst());
+            }
+          } while (!pendingClassesToBeResolved.isEmpty);
+          assert(pendingClassesToBeResolved.isEmpty);
+          assert(pendingClassesToBePostProcessed.isEmpty);
+        }
+        currentlyResolvedTypeDeclaration = previousResolvedTypeDeclaration;
+        return result;
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the class [element].
+   *
+   * Before calling this method, [element] was constructed by the
+   * scanner and most fields are null or empty. This method fills in
+   * these fields and also ensure that the supertypes of [element] are
+   * resolved.
+   *
+   * Warning: Do not call this method directly. Instead use
+   * [:element.ensureResolved(compiler):].
+   */
+  TreeElements resolveClass(BaseClassElementX element) {
+    return _resolveTypeDeclaration(element, () {
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Store the mapping in the resolution enqueuer.
+      ResolutionRegistry registry =
+          new ResolutionRegistry(compiler, _ensureTreeElements(element));
+      resolveClassInternal(element, registry);
+      return element.treeElements;
+    });
+  }
+
+  void ensureClassWillBeResolvedInternal(ClassElement element) {
+    if (currentlyResolvedTypeDeclaration == null) {
+      element.ensureResolved(compiler);
+    } else {
+      pendingClassesToBeResolved.add(element);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void resolveClassInternal(BaseClassElementX element,
+                            ResolutionRegistry registry) {
+    if (!element.isPatch) {
+      compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () => measure(() {
+        assert(element.resolutionState == STATE_NOT_STARTED);
+        element.resolutionState = STATE_STARTED;
+        Node tree = element.parseNode(compiler);
+        loadSupertypes(element, tree);
+
+        ClassResolverVisitor visitor =
+            new ClassResolverVisitor(compiler, element, registry);
+        visitor.visit(tree);
+        element.resolutionState = STATE_DONE;
+        compiler.onClassResolved(element);
+        pendingClassesToBePostProcessed.add(element);
+      }));
+      if (element.isPatched) {
+        // Ensure handling patch after origin.
+        element.patch.ensureResolved(compiler);
+      }
+    } else { // Handle patch classes:
+      element.resolutionState = STATE_STARTED;
+      // Ensure handling origin before patch.
+      element.origin.ensureResolved(compiler);
+      // Ensure that the type is computed.
+      element.computeType(compiler);
+      // Copy class hierarchy from origin.
+      element.supertype = element.origin.supertype;
+      element.interfaces = element.origin.interfaces;
+      element.allSupertypesAndSelf = element.origin.allSupertypesAndSelf;
+      // Stepwise assignment to ensure invariant.
+      element.supertypeLoadState = STATE_STARTED;
+      element.supertypeLoadState = STATE_DONE;
+      element.resolutionState = STATE_DONE;
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Check matching type variables and
+      // empty extends/implements clauses.
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _postProcessClassElement(BaseClassElementX element) {
+    for (MetadataAnnotation metadata in element.metadata) {
+      metadata.ensureResolved(compiler);
+      ConstantValue value =
+          compiler.constants.getConstantValue(metadata.constant);
+      if (!element.isProxy && value == compiler.proxyConstant) {
+        element.isProxy = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Force resolution of metadata on non-instance members since they may be
+    // inspected by the backend while emitting. Metadata on instance members is
+    // handled as a result of processing instantiated class members in the
+    // enqueuer.
+    // TODO(ahe): Avoid this eager resolution.
+    element.forEachMember((_, Element member) {
+      if (!member.isInstanceMember) {
+        compiler.withCurrentElement(member, () {
+          for (MetadataAnnotation metadata in member.metadata) {
+            metadata.ensureResolved(compiler);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    computeClassMember(element, Compiler.CALL_OPERATOR_NAME);
+  }
+
+  void computeClassMembers(ClassElement element) {
+    MembersCreator.computeAllClassMembers(compiler, element);
+  }
+
+  void computeClassMember(ClassElement element, String name) {
+    MembersCreator.computeClassMembersByName(compiler, element, name);
+  }
+
+  void checkClass(ClassElement element) {
+    computeClassMembers(element);
+    if (element.isMixinApplication) {
+      checkMixinApplication(element);
+    } else {
+      checkClassMembers(element);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void checkMixinApplication(MixinApplicationElementX mixinApplication) {
+    Modifiers modifiers = mixinApplication.modifiers;
+    int illegalFlags = modifiers.flags & ~Modifiers.FLAG_ABSTRACT;
+    if (illegalFlags != 0) {
+      Modifiers illegalModifiers = new Modifiers.withFlags(null, illegalFlags);
+      compiler.reportError(
+          modifiers,
+          MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_APPLICATION_MODIFIERS,
+          {'modifiers': illegalModifiers});
+    }
+
+    // In case of cyclic mixin applications, the mixin chain will have
+    // been cut. If so, we have already reported the error to the
+    // user so we just return from here.
+    ClassElement mixin = mixinApplication.mixin;
+    if (mixin == null) return;
+
+    // Check that we're not trying to use Object as a mixin.
+    if (mixin.superclass == null) {
+      compiler.reportError(mixinApplication,
+                               MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_OBJECT);
+      // Avoid reporting additional errors for the Object class.
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (mixin.isEnumClass) {
+      // Mixing in an enum has already caused a compile-time error.
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Check that the mixed in class has Object as its superclass.
+    if (!mixin.superclass.isObject) {
+      compiler.reportError(mixin, MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_SUPERCLASS);
+    }
+
+    // Check that the mixed in class doesn't have any constructors and
+    // make sure we aren't mixing in methods that use 'super'.
+    mixin.forEachLocalMember((AstElement member) {
+      if (member.isGenerativeConstructor && !member.isSynthesized) {
+        compiler.reportError(member, MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_CONSTRUCTOR);
+      } else {
+        // Get the resolution tree and check that the resolved member
+        // doesn't use 'super'. This is the part of the 'super' mixin
+        // check that happens when a function is resolved before the
+        // mixin application has been performed.
+        // TODO(johnniwinther): Obtain the [TreeElements] for [member]
+        // differently.
+        if (compiler.enqueuer.resolution.hasBeenResolved(member)) {
+          checkMixinSuperUses(
+              member.resolvedAst.elements,
+              mixinApplication,
+              mixin);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  void checkMixinSuperUses(TreeElements resolutionTree,
+                           MixinApplicationElement mixinApplication,
+                           ClassElement mixin) {
+    // TODO(johnniwinther): Avoid the use of [TreeElements] here.
+    if (resolutionTree == null) return;
+    Iterable<Node> superUses = resolutionTree.superUses;
+    if (superUses.isEmpty) return;
+    compiler.reportError(mixinApplication,
+                         MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_WITH_SUPER,
+                         {'className': mixin.name});
+    // Show the user the problematic uses of 'super' in the mixin.
+    for (Node use in superUses) {
+      compiler.reportInfo(
+          use,
+          MessageKind.ILLEGAL_MIXIN_SUPER_USE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void checkClassMembers(ClassElement cls) {
+    assert(invariant(cls, cls.isDeclaration));
+    if (cls.isObject) return;
+    // TODO(johnniwinther): Should this be done on the implementation element as
+    // well?
+    List<Element> constConstructors = <Element>[];
+    List<Element> nonFinalInstanceFields = <Element>[];
+    cls.forEachMember((holder, member) {
+      compiler.withCurrentElement(member, () {
+        // Perform various checks as side effect of "computing" the type.
+        member.computeType(compiler);
+
+        // Check modifiers.
+        if (member.isFunction && member.modifiers.isFinal) {
+          compiler.reportError(
+              member, MessageKind.ILLEGAL_FINAL_METHOD_MODIFIER);
+        }
+        if (member.isConstructor) {
+          final mismatchedFlagsBits =
+              member.modifiers.flags &
+              (Modifiers.FLAG_STATIC | Modifiers.FLAG_ABSTRACT);
+          if (mismatchedFlagsBits != 0) {
+            final mismatchedFlags =
+                new Modifiers.withFlags(null, mismatchedFlagsBits);
+            compiler.reportError(
+                member,
+                MessageKind.ILLEGAL_CONSTRUCTOR_MODIFIERS,
+                {'modifiers': mismatchedFlags});
+          }
+          if (member.modifiers.isConst) {
+            constConstructors.add(member);
+          }
+        }
+        if (member.isField) {
+          if (member.modifiers.isConst && !member.modifiers.isStatic) {
+            compiler.reportError(
+                member, MessageKind.ILLEGAL_CONST_FIELD_MODIFIER);
+          }
+          if (!member.modifiers.isStatic && !member.modifiers.isFinal) {
+            nonFinalInstanceFields.add(member);
+          }
+        }
+        checkAbstractField(member);
+        checkUserDefinableOperator(member);
+      });
+    });
+    if (!constConstructors.isEmpty && !nonFinalInstanceFields.isEmpty) {
+      Spannable span = constConstructors.length > 1
+          ? cls : constConstructors[0];
+      compiler.reportError(span,
+          MessageKind.CONST_CONSTRUCTOR_WITH_NONFINAL_FIELDS,
+          {'className': cls.name});
+      if (constConstructors.length > 1) {
+        for (Element constructor in constConstructors) {
+          compiler.reportInfo(constructor,
+              MessageKind.CONST_CONSTRUCTOR_WITH_NONFINAL_FIELDS_CONSTRUCTOR);
+        }
+      }
+      for (Element field in nonFinalInstanceFields) {
+        compiler.reportInfo(field,
+            MessageKind.CONST_CONSTRUCTOR_WITH_NONFINAL_FIELDS_FIELD);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void checkAbstractField(Element member) {
+    // Only check for getters. The test can only fail if there is both a setter
+    // and a getter with the same name, and we only need to check each abstract
+    // field once, so we just ignore setters.
+    if (!member.isGetter) return;
+
+    // Find the associated abstract field.
+    ClassElement classElement = member.enclosingClass;
+    Element lookupElement = classElement.lookupLocalMember(member.name);
+    if (lookupElement == null) {
+      compiler.internalError(member,
+          "No abstract field for accessor");
+    } else if (!identical(lookupElement.kind, ElementKind.ABSTRACT_FIELD)) {
+      if (lookupElement.isErroneous || lookupElement.isAmbiguous) return;
+      compiler.internalError(member,
+          "Inaccessible abstract field for accessor");
+    }
+    AbstractFieldElement field = lookupElement;
+
+    GetterElementX getter = field.getter;
+    if (getter == null) return;
+    SetterElementX setter = field.setter;
+    if (setter == null) return;
+    int getterFlags = getter.modifiers.flags | Modifiers.FLAG_ABSTRACT;
+    int setterFlags = setter.modifiers.flags | Modifiers.FLAG_ABSTRACT;
+    if (!identical(getterFlags, setterFlags)) {
+      final mismatchedFlags =
+        new Modifiers.withFlags(null, getterFlags ^ setterFlags);
+      compiler.reportError(
+          field.getter,
+          MessageKind.GETTER_MISMATCH,
+          {'modifiers': mismatchedFlags});
+      compiler.reportError(
+          field.setter,
+          MessageKind.SETTER_MISMATCH,
+          {'modifiers': mismatchedFlags});
+    }
+  }
+
+  void checkUserDefinableOperator(Element member) {
+    FunctionElement function = member.asFunctionElement();
+    if (function == null) return;
+    String value = member.name;
+    if (value == null) return;
+    if (!(isUserDefinableOperator(value) || identical(value, 'unary-'))) return;
+
+    bool isMinus = false;
+    int requiredParameterCount;
+    MessageKind messageKind;
+    if (identical(value, 'unary-')) {
+      isMinus = true;
+      messageKind = MessageKind.MINUS_OPERATOR_BAD_ARITY;
+      requiredParameterCount = 0;
+    } else if (isMinusOperator(value)) {
+      isMinus = true;
+      messageKind = MessageKind.MINUS_OPERATOR_BAD_ARITY;
+      requiredParameterCount = 1;
+    } else if (isUnaryOperator(value)) {
+      messageKind = MessageKind.UNARY_OPERATOR_BAD_ARITY;
+      requiredParameterCount = 0;
+    } else if (isBinaryOperator(value)) {
+      messageKind = MessageKind.BINARY_OPERATOR_BAD_ARITY;
+      requiredParameterCount = 1;
+      if (identical(value, '==')) checkOverrideHashCode(member);
+    } else if (isTernaryOperator(value)) {
+      messageKind = MessageKind.TERNARY_OPERATOR_BAD_ARITY;
+      requiredParameterCount = 2;
+    } else {
+      compiler.internalError(function,
+          'Unexpected user defined operator $value');
+    }
+    checkArity(function, requiredParameterCount, messageKind, isMinus);
+  }
+
+  void checkOverrideHashCode(FunctionElement operatorEquals) {
+    if (operatorEquals.isAbstract) return;
+    ClassElement cls = operatorEquals.enclosingClass;
+    Element hashCodeImplementation =
+        cls.lookupLocalMember('hashCode');
+    if (hashCodeImplementation != null) return;
+    compiler.reportHint(
+        operatorEquals, MessageKind.OVERRIDE_EQUALS_NOT_HASH_CODE,
+        {'class': cls.name});
+  }
+
+  void checkArity(FunctionElement function,
+                  int requiredParameterCount, MessageKind messageKind,
+                  bool isMinus) {
+    FunctionExpression node = function.node;
+    FunctionSignature signature = function.functionSignature;
+    if (signature.requiredParameterCount != requiredParameterCount) {
+      Node errorNode = node;
+      if (node.parameters != null) {
+        if (isMinus ||
+            signature.requiredParameterCount < requiredParameterCount) {
+          // If there are too few parameters, point to the whole parameter list.
+          // For instance
+          //
+          //     int operator +() {}
+          //                   ^^
+          //
+          //     int operator []=(value) {}
+          //                     ^^^^^^^
+          //
+          // For operator -, always point the whole parameter list, like
+          //
+          //     int operator -(a, b) {}
+          //                   ^^^^^^
+          //
+          // instead of
+          //
+          //     int operator -(a, b) {}
+          //                       ^
+          //
+          // since the correction might not be to remove 'b' but instead to
+          // remove 'a, b'.
+          errorNode = node.parameters;
+        } else {
+          errorNode = node.parameters.nodes.skip(requiredParameterCount).head;
+        }
+      }
+      compiler.reportError(
+          errorNode, messageKind, {'operatorName': function.name});
+    }
+    if (signature.optionalParameterCount != 0) {
+      Node errorNode =
+          node.parameters.nodes.skip(signature.requiredParameterCount).head;
+      if (signature.optionalParametersAreNamed) {
+        compiler.reportError(
+            errorNode,
+            MessageKind.OPERATOR_NAMED_PARAMETERS,
+            {'operatorName': function.name});
+      } else {
+        compiler.reportError(
+            errorNode,
+            MessageKind.OPERATOR_OPTIONAL_PARAMETERS,
+            {'operatorName': function.name});
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  reportErrorWithContext(Element errorneousElement,
+                         MessageKind errorMessage,
+                         Element contextElement,
+                         MessageKind contextMessage) {
+    compiler.reportError(
+        errorneousElement,
+        errorMessage,
+        {'memberName': contextElement.name,
+         'className': contextElement.enclosingClass.name});
+    compiler.reportInfo(contextElement, contextMessage);
+  }
+
+
+  FunctionSignature resolveSignature(FunctionElementX element) {
+    MessageKind defaultValuesError = null;
+    if (element.isFactoryConstructor) {
+      FunctionExpression body = element.parseNode(compiler);
+      if (body.isRedirectingFactory) {
+        defaultValuesError = MessageKind.REDIRECTING_FACTORY_WITH_DEFAULT;
+      }
+    }
+    return compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () {
+      FunctionExpression node =
+          compiler.parser.measure(() => element.parseNode(compiler));
+      return measure(() => SignatureResolver.analyze(
+          compiler, node.parameters, node.returnType, element,
+          new ResolutionRegistry(compiler, _ensureTreeElements(element)),
+          defaultValuesError: defaultValuesError,
+          createRealParameters: true));
+    });
+  }
+
+  WorldImpact resolveTypedef(TypedefElementX element) {
+    if (element.isResolved) return const WorldImpact();
+    compiler.world.allTypedefs.add(element);
+    return _resolveTypeDeclaration(element, () {
+      ResolutionRegistry registry = new ResolutionRegistry(
+          compiler, _ensureTreeElements(element));
+      return compiler.withCurrentElement(element, () {
+        return measure(() {
+          assert(element.resolutionState == STATE_NOT_STARTED);
+          element.resolutionState = STATE_STARTED;
+          Typedef node =
+            compiler.parser.measure(() => element.parseNode(compiler));
+          TypedefResolverVisitor visitor =
+            new TypedefResolverVisitor(compiler, element, registry);
+          visitor.visit(node);
+          element.resolutionState = STATE_DONE;
+          return registry.worldImpact;
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  void resolveMetadataAnnotation(MetadataAnnotationX annotation) {
+    compiler.withCurrentElement(annotation.annotatedElement, () => measure(() {
+      assert(annotation.resolutionState == STATE_NOT_STARTED);
+      annotation.resolutionState = STATE_STARTED;
+
+      Node node = annotation.parseNode(compiler);
+      Element annotatedElement = annotation.annotatedElement;
+      AnalyzableElement context = annotatedElement.analyzableElement;
+      ClassElement classElement = annotatedElement.enclosingClass;
+      if (classElement != null) {
+        // The annotation is resolved in the scope of [classElement].
+        classElement.ensureResolved(compiler);
+      }
+      assert(invariant(node, context != null,
+          message: "No context found for metadata annotation "
+                   "on $annotatedElement."));
+      ResolverVisitor visitor = visitorFor(context, useEnclosingScope: true);
+      ResolutionRegistry registry = visitor.registry;
+      node.accept(visitor);
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Avoid passing the [TreeElements] to
+      // [compileMetadata].
+      annotation.constant =
+          constantCompiler.compileMetadata(annotation, node, registry.mapping);
+      // TODO(johnniwinther): Register the relation between the annotation
+      // and the annotated element instead. This will allow the backend to
+      // retrieve the backend constant and only register metadata on the
+      // elements for which it is needed. (Issue 17732).
+      registry.registerMetadataConstant(annotation, annotatedElement);
+      annotation.resolutionState = STATE_DONE;
+    }));
+  }
+
+  error(Spannable node, MessageKind kind, [arguments = const {}]) {
+    compiler.reportError(node, kind, arguments);
+  }
+
+  Link<MetadataAnnotation> resolveMetadata(Element element,
+                                           VariableDefinitions node) {
+    LinkBuilder<MetadataAnnotation> metadata =
+        new LinkBuilder<MetadataAnnotation>();
+    for (Metadata annotation in node.metadata.nodes) {
+      ParameterMetadataAnnotation metadataAnnotation =
+          new ParameterMetadataAnnotation(annotation);
+      metadataAnnotation.annotatedElement = element;
+      metadata.addLast(metadataAnnotation.ensureResolved(compiler));
+    }
+    return metadata.toLink();
+  }
+}
+
+TreeElements _ensureTreeElements(AnalyzableElementX element) {
+  if (element._treeElements == null) {
+    element._treeElements = new TreeElementMapping(element);
+  }
+  return element._treeElements;
+}
+
+abstract class AnalyzableElementX implements AnalyzableElement {
+  TreeElements _treeElements;
+
+  bool get hasTreeElements => _treeElements != null;
+
+  TreeElements get treeElements {
+    assert(invariant(this, _treeElements !=null,
+        message: "TreeElements have not been computed for $this."));
+    return _treeElements;
+  }
+
+  void reuseElement() {
+    _treeElements = null;
+  }
+}