Start pulling pub from its own repo.

sdk/lib/_internal/pub/lib/src/utils.dart

Index: sdk/lib/_internal/pub/lib/src/utils.dart
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-// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
-// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
-// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-/// Generic utility functions. Stuff that should possibly be in core.
-library pub.utils;
-
-import 'dart:async';
-import "dart:convert";
-import 'dart:io';
-
-// This is used by [libraryPath]. It must be kept up-to-date with all libraries
-// whose paths are looked up using that function.
-@MirrorsUsed(targets: const ['pub.io', 'test_pub'])
-import 'dart:mirrors';
-
-import "package:crypto/crypto.dart";
-import 'package:path/path.dart' as path;
-import "package:stack_trace/stack_trace.dart";
-
-import 'exceptions.dart';
-import 'log.dart' as log;
-
-export '../../asset/dart/utils.dart';
-
-/// A regular expression matching a Dart identifier.
-///
-/// This also matches a package name, since they must be Dart identifiers.
-final identifierRegExp = new RegExp(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]+");
-
-/// Like [identifierRegExp], but anchored so that it only matches strings that
-/// are *just* Dart identifiers.
-final onlyIdentifierRegExp = new RegExp("^${identifierRegExp.pattern}\$");
-
-/// A pair of values.
-class Pair<E, F> {
-  E first;
-  F last;
-
-  Pair(this.first, this.last);
-
-  String toString() => '($first, $last)';
-
-  bool operator==(other) {
-    if (other is! Pair) return false;
-    return other.first == first && other.last == last;
-  }
-
-  int get hashCode => first.hashCode ^ last.hashCode;
-}
-
-/// A completer that waits until all added [Future]s complete.
-// TODO(rnystrom): Copied from web_components. Remove from here when it gets
-// added to dart:core. (See #6626.)
-class FutureGroup<T> {
-  int _pending = 0;
-  Completer<List<T>> _completer = new Completer<List<T>>();
-  final List<Future<T>> futures = <Future<T>>[];
-  bool completed = false;
-
-  final List<T> _values = <T>[];
-
-  /// Wait for [task] to complete.
-  Future<T> add(Future<T> task) {
-    if (completed) {
-      throw new StateError("The FutureGroup has already completed.");
-    }
-
-    _pending++;
-    futures.add(task.then((value) {
-      if (completed) return;
-
-      _pending--;
-      _values.add(value);
-
-      if (_pending <= 0) {
-        completed = true;
-        _completer.complete(_values);
-      }
-    }).catchError((e, stackTrace) {
-      if (completed) return;
-
-      completed = true;
-      _completer.completeError(e, stackTrace);
-    }));
-
-    return task;
-  }
-
-  Future<List> get future => _completer.future;
-}
-
-/// Like [new Future], but avoids around issue 11911 by using [new Future.value]
-/// under the covers.
-Future newFuture(callback()) => new Future.value().then((_) => callback());
-
-/// Runs [callback] in an error zone and pipes any unhandled error to the
-/// returned [Future].
-///
-/// If the returned [Future] produces an error, its stack trace will always be a
-/// [Chain]. By default, this chain will contain only the local stack trace, but
-/// if [captureStackChains] is passed, it will contain the full stack chain for
-/// the error.
-Future captureErrors(Future callback(), {bool captureStackChains: false}) {
-  var completer = new Completer();
-  var wrappedCallback = () {
-    new Future.sync(callback).then(completer.complete)
-        .catchError((e, stackTrace) {
-      // [stackTrace] can be null if we're running without [captureStackChains],
-      // since dart:io will often throw errors without stack traces.
-      if (stackTrace != null) {
-        stackTrace = new Chain.forTrace(stackTrace);
-      } else {
-        stackTrace = new Chain([]);
-      }
-      if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.completeError(e, stackTrace);
-    });
-  };
-
-  if (captureStackChains) {
-    Chain.capture(wrappedCallback, onError: (error, stackTrace) {
-      if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.completeError(error, stackTrace);
-    });
-  } else {
-    runZoned(wrappedCallback, onError: (e, stackTrace) {
-      if (stackTrace == null) {
-        stackTrace = new Chain.current();
-      } else {
-        stackTrace = new Chain([new Trace.from(stackTrace)]);
-      }
-      if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.completeError(e, stackTrace);
-    });
-  }
-
-  return completer.future;
-}
-
-/// Like [Future.wait], but prints all errors from the futures as they occur and
-/// only returns once all Futures have completed, successfully or not.
-///
-/// This will wrap the first error thrown in a [SilentException] and rethrow it.
-Future waitAndPrintErrors(Iterable<Future> futures) {
-  return Future.wait(futures.map((future) {
-    return future.catchError((error, stackTrace) {
-      log.exception(error, stackTrace);
-      throw error;
-    });
-  })).catchError((error, stackTrace) {
-    throw new SilentException(error, stackTrace);
-  });
-}
-
-/// Returns a [StreamTransformer] that will call [onDone] when the stream
-/// completes.
-///
-/// The stream will be passed through unchanged.
-StreamTransformer onDoneTransformer(void onDone()) {
-  return new StreamTransformer.fromHandlers(handleDone: (sink) {
-    onDone();
-    sink.close();
-  });
-}
-
-// TODO(rnystrom): Move into String?
-/// Pads [source] to [length] by adding spaces at the end.
-String padRight(String source, int length) {
-  final result = new StringBuffer();
-  result.write(source);
-
-  while (result.length < length) {
-    result.write(' ');
-  }
-
-  return result.toString();
-}
-
-/// Pads [source] to [length] by adding [char]s at the beginning.
-///
-/// If [char] is `null`, it defaults to a space.
-String padLeft(String source, int length, [String char]) {
-  if (char == null) char = ' ';
-  if (source.length >= length) return source;
-
-  return char * (length - source.length) + source;
-}
-
-/// Returns a labelled sentence fragment starting with [name] listing the
-/// elements [iter].
-///
-/// If [iter] does not have one item, name will be pluralized by adding "s" or
-/// using [plural], if given.
-String namedSequence(String name, Iterable iter, [String plural]) {
-  if (iter.length == 1) return "$name ${iter.single}";
-
-  if (plural == null) plural = "${name}s";
-  return "$plural ${toSentence(iter)}";
-}
-
-/// Returns a sentence fragment listing the elements of [iter].
-///
-/// This converts each element of [iter] to a string and separates them with
-/// commas and/or "and" where appropriate.
-String toSentence(Iterable iter) {
-  if (iter.length == 1) return iter.first.toString();
-  return iter.take(iter.length - 1).join(", ") + " and ${iter.last}";
-}
-
-/// Returns [name] if [number] is 1, or the plural of [name] otherwise.
-///
-/// By default, this just adds "s" to the end of [name] to get the plural. If
-/// [plural] is passed, that's used instead.
-String pluralize(String name, int number, {String plural}) {
-  if (number == 1) return name;
-  if (plural != null) return plural;
-  return '${name}s';
-}
-
-/// Escapes any regex metacharacters in [string] so that using as a [RegExp]
-/// pattern will match the string literally.
-// TODO(rnystrom): Remove when #4706 is fixed.
-String quoteRegExp(String string) {
-  // Note: make sure "\" is done first so that we don't escape the other
-  // escaped characters. We could do all of the replaces at once with a regexp
-  // but string literal for regex that matches all regex metacharacters would
-  // be a bit hard to read.
-  for (var metacharacter in r"\^$.*+?()[]{}|".split("")) {
-    string = string.replaceAll(metacharacter, "\\$metacharacter");
-  }
-
-  return string;
-}
-
-/// Creates a URL string for [address]:[port].
-///
-/// Handles properly formatting IPv6 addresses.
-Uri baseUrlForAddress(InternetAddress address, int port) {
-  if (address.isLoopback) {
-    return new Uri(scheme: "http", host: "localhost", port: port);
-  }
-
-  // IPv6 addresses in URLs need to be enclosed in square brackets to avoid
-  // URL ambiguity with the ":" in the address.
-  if (address.type == InternetAddressType.IP_V6) {
-    return new Uri(scheme: "http", host: "[${address.address}]", port: port);
-  }
-
-  return new Uri(scheme: "http", host: address.address, port: port);
-}
-
-/// Returns whether [host] is a host for a localhost or loopback URL.
-///
-/// Unlike [InternetAddress.isLoopback], this hostnames from URLs as well as
-/// from [InternetAddress]es, including "localhost".
-bool isLoopback(String host) {
-  if (host == 'localhost') return true;
-
-  // IPv6 hosts in URLs are surrounded by square brackets.
-  if (host.startsWith("[") && host.endsWith("]")) {
-    host = host.substring(1, host.length - 1);
-  }
-
-  try {
-    return new InternetAddress(host).isLoopback;
-  } on ArgumentError catch (_) {
-    // The host isn't an IP address and isn't "localhost', so it's almost
-    // certainly not a loopback host.
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-/// Flattens nested lists inside an iterable into a single list containing only
-/// non-list elements.
-List flatten(Iterable nested) {
-  var result = [];
-  helper(list) {
-    for (var element in list) {
-      if (element is List) {
-        helper(element);
-      } else {
-        result.add(element);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  helper(nested);
-  return result;
-}
-
-/// Returns a set containing all elements in [minuend] that are not in
-/// [subtrahend].
-Set setMinus(Iterable minuend, Iterable subtrahend) {
-  var minuendSet = new Set.from(minuend);
-  minuendSet.removeAll(subtrahend);
-  return minuendSet;
-}
-
-/// Returns whether there's any overlap between [set1] and [set2].
-bool overlaps(Set set1, Set set2) {
-  // Iterate through the smaller set.
-  var smaller = set1.length > set2.length ? set1 : set2;
-  var larger = smaller == set1 ? set2 : set1;
-  return smaller.any(larger.contains);
-}
-
-/// Returns a list containing the sorted elements of [iter].
-List ordered(Iterable<Comparable> iter) {
-  var list = iter.toList();
-  list.sort();
-  return list;
-}
-
-/// Returns the element of [iter] for which [f] returns the minimum value.
-minBy(Iterable iter, Comparable f(element)) {
-  var min = null;
-  var minComparable = null;
-  for (var element in iter) {
-    var comparable = f(element);
-    if (minComparable == null ||
-        comparable.compareTo(minComparable) < 0) {
-      min = element;
-      minComparable = comparable;
-    }
-  }
-  return min;
-}
-
-/// Returns every pair of consecutive elements in [iter].
-///
-/// For example, if [iter] is `[1, 2, 3, 4]`, this will return `[(1, 2), (2, 3),
-/// (3, 4)]`.
-Iterable<Pair> pairs(Iterable iter) {
-  var previous = iter.first;
-  return iter.skip(1).map((element) {
-    var oldPrevious = previous;
-    previous = element;
-    return new Pair(oldPrevious, element);
-  });
-}
-
-/// Creates a new map from [map] with new keys and values.
-///
-/// The return values of [key] are used as the keys and the return values of
-/// [value] are used as the values for the new map.
-///
-/// [key] defaults to returning the original key and [value] defaults to
-/// returning the original value.
-Map mapMap(Map map, {key(key, value), value(key, value)}) {
-  if (key == null) key = (key, _) => key;
-  if (value == null) value = (_, value) => value;
-
-  var result = {};
-  map.forEach((mapKey, mapValue) {
-    result[key(mapKey, mapValue)] = value(mapKey, mapValue);
-  });
-  return result;
-}
-
-/// Like [Map.fromIterable], but [key] and [value] may return [Future]s.
-Future<Map> mapFromIterableAsync(Iterable iter, {key(element),
-    value(element)}) {
-  if (key == null) key = (element) => element;
-  if (value == null) value = (element) => element;
-
-  var map = new Map();
-  return Future.wait(iter.map((element) {
-    return Future.wait([
-      new Future.sync(() => key(element)),
-      new Future.sync(() => value(element))
-    ]).then((results) {
-      map[results[0]] = results[1];
-    });
-  })).then((_) => map);
-}
-
-/// Returns a new map with all entries in both [map1] and [map2].
-///
-/// If there are overlapping keys, [map2]'s value wins.
-Map mergeMaps(Map map1, Map map2) {
-  var result = {};
-  result.addAll(map1);
-  result.addAll(map2);
-  return result;
-}
-
-/// Returns the transitive closure of [graph].
-///
-/// This assumes [graph] represents a graph with a vertex for each key and an
-/// edge betweek each key and the values for that key.
-Map<dynamic, Set> transitiveClosure(Map<dynamic, Iterable> graph) {
-  // This uses the Floyd-Warshall algorithm
-  // (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd%E2%80%93Warshall_algorithm).
-  var result = {};
-  graph.forEach((vertex, edges) {
-    result[vertex] = new Set.from(edges)..add(vertex);
-  });
-
-  for (var vertex1 in graph.keys) {
-    for (var vertex2 in graph.keys) {
-      for (var vertex3 in graph.keys) {
-        if (result[vertex2].contains(vertex1) &&
-            result[vertex1].contains(vertex3)) {
-          result[vertex2].add(vertex3);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-/// Given a list of filenames, returns a set of patterns that can be used to
-/// filter for those filenames.
-///
-/// For a given path, that path ends with some string in the returned set if
-/// and only if that path's basename is in [files].
-Set<String> createFileFilter(Iterable<String> files) {
-  return files.expand((file) {
-    var result = ["/$file"];
-    if (Platform.operatingSystem == 'windows') result.add("\\$file");
-    return result;
-  }).toSet();
-}
-
-/// Given a blacklist of directory names, returns a set of patterns that can
-/// be used to filter for those directory names.
-///
-/// For a given path, that path contains some string in the returned set if
-/// and only if one of that path's components is in [dirs].
-Set<String> createDirectoryFilter(Iterable<String> dirs) {
-  return dirs.expand((dir) {
-    var result = ["/$dir/"];
-    if (Platform.operatingSystem == 'windows') {
-      result..add("/$dir\\")..add("\\$dir/")..add("\\$dir\\");
-    }
-    return result;
-  }).toSet();
-}
-
-/// Returns the maximum value in [iter] by [compare].
-///
-/// [compare] defaults to [Comparable.compare].
-maxAll(Iterable iter, [int compare(element1, element2)]) {
-  if (compare == null) compare = Comparable.compare;
-  return iter.reduce((max, element) =>
-      compare(element, max) > 0 ? element : max);
-}
-
-/// Returns the minimum value in [iter] by [compare].
-///
-/// [compare] defaults to [Comparable.compare].
-minAll(Iterable iter, [int compare(element1, element2)]) {
-  if (compare == null) compare = Comparable.compare;
-  return iter.reduce((max, element) =>
-      compare(element, max) < 0 ? element : max);
-}
-
-/// Replace each instance of [matcher] in [source] with the return value of
-/// [fn].
-String replace(String source, Pattern matcher, String fn(Match)) {
-  var buffer = new StringBuffer();
-  var start = 0;
-  for (var match in matcher.allMatches(source)) {
-    buffer.write(source.substring(start, match.start));
-    start = match.end;
-    buffer.write(fn(match));
-  }
-  buffer.write(source.substring(start));
-  return buffer.toString();
-}
-
-/// Returns whether or not [str] ends with [matcher].
-bool endsWithPattern(String str, Pattern matcher) {
-  for (var match in matcher.allMatches(str)) {
-    if (match.end == str.length) return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/// Returns the hex-encoded sha1 hash of [source].
-String sha1(String source) {
-  var sha = new SHA1();
-  sha.add(source.codeUnits);
-  return CryptoUtils.bytesToHex(sha.close());
-}
-
-/// Configures [future] so that its result (success or exception) is passed on
-/// to [completer].
-void chainToCompleter(Future future, Completer completer) {
-  future.then(completer.complete, onError: completer.completeError);
-}
-
-/// Ensures that [stream] can emit at least one value successfully (or close
-/// without any values).
-///
-/// For example, reading asynchronously from a non-existent file will return a
-/// stream that fails on the first chunk. In order to handle that more
-/// gracefully, you may want to check that the stream looks like it's working
-/// before you pipe the stream to something else.
-///
-/// This lets you do that. It returns a [Future] that completes to a [Stream]
-/// emitting the same values and errors as [stream], but only if at least one
-/// value can be read successfully. If an error occurs before any values are
-/// emitted, the returned Future completes to that error.
-Future<Stream> validateStream(Stream stream) {
-  var completer = new Completer<Stream>();
-  var controller = new StreamController(sync: true);
-
-  StreamSubscription subscription;
-  subscription = stream.listen((value) {
-    // We got a value, so the stream is valid.
-    if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.complete(controller.stream);
-    controller.add(value);
-  }, onError: (error, [stackTrace]) {
-    // If the error came after values, it's OK.
-    if (completer.isCompleted) {
-      controller.addError(error, stackTrace);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Otherwise, the error came first and the stream is invalid.
-    completer.completeError(error, stackTrace);
-
-    // We don't be returning the stream at all in this case, so unsubscribe
-    // and swallow the error.
-    subscription.cancel();
-  }, onDone: () {
-    // It closed with no errors, so the stream is valid.
-    if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.complete(controller.stream);
-    controller.close();
-  });
-
-  return completer.future;
-}
-
-// TODO(nweiz): remove this when issue 7964 is fixed.
-/// Returns a [Future] that will complete to the first element of [stream].
-///
-/// Unlike [Stream.first], this is safe to use with single-subscription streams.
-Future streamFirst(Stream stream) {
-  var completer = new Completer();
-  var subscription;
-  subscription = stream.listen((value) {
-    subscription.cancel();
-    completer.complete(value);
-  }, onError: (e, [stackTrace]) {
-    completer.completeError(e, stackTrace);
-  }, onDone: () {
-    completer.completeError(new StateError("No elements"), new Chain.current());
-  }, cancelOnError: true);
-  return completer.future;
-}
-
-/// Returns a wrapped version of [stream] along with a [StreamSubscription] that
-/// can be used to control the wrapped stream.
-Pair<Stream, StreamSubscription> streamWithSubscription(Stream stream) {
-  var controller =
-      stream.isBroadcast ? new StreamController.broadcast(sync: true)
-                         : new StreamController(sync: true);
-  var subscription = stream.listen(controller.add,
-      onError: controller.addError,
-      onDone: controller.close);
-  return new Pair<Stream, StreamSubscription>(controller.stream, subscription);
-}
-
-// TODO(nweiz): remove this when issue 7787 is fixed.
-/// Creates two single-subscription [Stream]s that each emit all values and
-/// errors from [stream].
-///
-/// This is useful if [stream] is single-subscription but multiple subscribers
-/// are necessary.
-Pair<Stream, Stream> tee(Stream stream) {
-  var controller1 = new StreamController(sync: true);
-  var controller2 = new StreamController(sync: true);
-  stream.listen((value) {
-    controller1.add(value);
-    controller2.add(value);
-  }, onError: (error, [stackTrace]) {
-    controller1.addError(error, stackTrace);
-    controller2.addError(error, stackTrace);
-  }, onDone: () {
-    controller1.close();
-    controller2.close();
-  });
-  return new Pair<Stream, Stream>(controller1.stream, controller2.stream);
-}
-
-/// Merges [stream1] and [stream2] into a single stream that emits events from
-/// both sources.
-Stream mergeStreams(Stream stream1, Stream stream2) {
-  var doneCount = 0;
-  var controller = new StreamController(sync: true);
-
-  for (var stream in [stream1, stream2]) {
-    stream.listen(
-        controller.add,
-        onError: controller.addError,
-        onDone: () {
-      doneCount++;
-      if (doneCount == 2) controller.close();
-    });
-  }
-
-  return controller.stream;
-}
-
-/// A regular expression matching a trailing CR character.
-final _trailingCR = new RegExp(r"\r$");
-
-// TODO(nweiz): Use `text.split(new RegExp("\r\n?|\n\r?"))` when issue 9360 is
-// fixed.
-/// Splits [text] on its line breaks in a Windows-line-break-friendly way.
-List<String> splitLines(String text) =>
-  text.split("\n").map((line) => line.replaceFirst(_trailingCR, "")).toList();
-
-/// Converts a stream of arbitrarily chunked strings into a line-by-line stream.
-///
-/// The lines don't include line termination characters. A single trailing
-/// newline is ignored.
-Stream<String> streamToLines(Stream<String> stream) {
-  var buffer = new StringBuffer();
-  return stream.transform(new StreamTransformer.fromHandlers(
-      handleData: (chunk, sink) {
-        var lines = splitLines(chunk);
-        var leftover = lines.removeLast();
-        for (var line in lines) {
-          if (!buffer.isEmpty) {
-            buffer.write(line);
-            line = buffer.toString();
-            buffer = new StringBuffer();
-          }
-
-          sink.add(line);
-        }
-        buffer.write(leftover);
-      },
-      handleDone: (sink) {
-        if (!buffer.isEmpty) sink.add(buffer.toString());
-        sink.close();
-      }));
-}
-
-/// Like [Iterable.where], but allows [test] to return [Future]s and uses the
-/// results of those [Future]s as the test.
-Future<Iterable> futureWhere(Iterable iter, test(value)) {
-  return Future.wait(iter.map((e) {
-    var result = test(e);
-    if (result is! Future) result = new Future.value(result);
-    return result.then((result) => new Pair(e, result));
-  }))
-      .then((pairs) => pairs.where((pair) => pair.last))
-      .then((pairs) => pairs.map((pair) => pair.first));
-}
-
-// TODO(nweiz): unify the following functions with the utility functions in
-// pkg/http.
-
-/// Like [String.split], but only splits on the first occurrence of the pattern.
-///
-/// This always returns an array of two elements or fewer.
-List<String> split1(String toSplit, String pattern) {
-  if (toSplit.isEmpty) return <String>[];
-
-  var index = toSplit.indexOf(pattern);
-  if (index == -1) return [toSplit];
-  return [toSplit.substring(0, index),
-    toSplit.substring(index + pattern.length)];
-}
-
-/// Adds additional query parameters to [url], overwriting the original
-/// parameters if a name conflict occurs.
-Uri addQueryParameters(Uri url, Map<String, String> parameters) {
-  var queryMap = queryToMap(url.query);
-  queryMap.addAll(parameters);
-  return url.resolve("?${mapToQuery(queryMap)}");
-}
-
-/// Convert a URL query string (or `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body)
-/// into a [Map] from parameter names to values.
-Map<String, String> queryToMap(String queryList) {
-  var map = {};
-  for (var pair in queryList.split("&")) {
-    var split = split1(pair, "=");
-    if (split.isEmpty) continue;
-    var key = urlDecode(split[0]);
-    var value = split.length > 1 ? urlDecode(split[1]) : "";
-    map[key] = value;
-  }
-  return map;
-}
-
-/// Convert a [Map] from parameter names to values to a URL query string.
-String mapToQuery(Map<String, String> map) {
-  var pairs = <List<String>>[];
-  map.forEach((key, value) {
-    key = Uri.encodeQueryComponent(key);
-    value = (value == null || value.isEmpty)
-       ? null : Uri.encodeQueryComponent(value);
-    pairs.add([key, value]);
-  });
-  return pairs.map((pair) {
-    if (pair[1] == null) return pair[0];
-    return "${pair[0]}=${pair[1]}";
-  }).join("&");
-}
-
-/// Returns the union of all elements in each set in [sets].
-Set unionAll(Iterable<Set> sets) =>
-  sets.fold(new Set(), (union, set) => union.union(set));
-
-// TODO(nweiz): remove this when issue 9068 has been fixed.
-/// Whether [uri1] and [uri2] are equal.
-///
-/// This consider HTTP URIs to default to port 80, and HTTPs URIs to default to
-/// port 443.
-bool urisEqual(Uri uri1, Uri uri2) =>
-  canonicalizeUri(uri1) == canonicalizeUri(uri2);
-
-/// Return [uri] with redundant port information removed.
-Uri canonicalizeUri(Uri uri) {
-  return uri;
-}
-
-/// Returns a human-friendly representation of [inputPath].
-///
-/// If [inputPath] isn't too distant from the current working directory, this
-/// will return the relative path to it. Otherwise, it will return the absolute
-/// path.
-String nicePath(String inputPath) {
-  var relative = path.relative(inputPath);
-  var split = path.split(relative);
-  if (split.length > 1 && split[0] == '..' && split[1] == '..') {
-    return path.absolute(inputPath);
-  }
-  return relative;
-}
-
-/// Returns a human-friendly representation of [duration].
-String niceDuration(Duration duration) {
-  var result = duration.inMinutes > 0 ? "${duration.inMinutes}:" : "";
-
-  var s = duration.inSeconds % 59;
-  var ms = duration.inMilliseconds % 1000;
-
-  // If we're using verbose logging, be more verbose but more accurate when
-  // reporting timing information.
-  if (log.verbosity.isLevelVisible(log.Level.FINE)) {
-    ms = padLeft(ms.toString(), 3, '0');
-  } else {
-    ms ~/= 100;
-  }
-
-  return "$result$s.${ms}s";
-}
-
-/// Decodes a URL-encoded string.
-///
-/// Unlike [Uri.decodeComponent], this includes replacing `+` with ` `.
-String urlDecode(String encoded) =>
-  Uri.decodeComponent(encoded.replaceAll("+", " "));
-
-/// Takes a simple data structure (composed of [Map]s, [Iterable]s, scalar
-/// objects, and [Future]s) and recursively resolves all the [Future]s contained
-/// within.
-///
-/// Completes with the fully resolved structure.
-Future awaitObject(object) {
-  // Unroll nested futures.
-  if (object is Future) return object.then(awaitObject);
-  if (object is Iterable) {
-    return Future.wait(object.map(awaitObject).toList());
-  }
-  if (object is! Map) return new Future.value(object);
-
-  var pairs = <Future<Pair>>[];
-  object.forEach((key, value) {
-    pairs.add(awaitObject(value)
-        .then((resolved) => new Pair(key, resolved)));
-  });
-  return Future.wait(pairs).then((resolvedPairs) {
-    var map = {};
-    for (var pair in resolvedPairs) {
-      map[pair.first] = pair.last;
-    }
-    return map;
-  });
-}
-
-/// Returns the path to the library named [libraryName].
-///
-/// The library name must be globally unique, or the wrong library path may be
-/// returned. Any libraries accessed must be added to the [MirrorsUsed]
-/// declaration in the import above.
-String libraryPath(String libraryName) {
-  var lib = currentMirrorSystem().findLibrary(new Symbol(libraryName));
-  return path.fromUri(lib.uri);
-}
-
-/// Whether "special" strings such as Unicode characters or color escapes are
-/// safe to use.
-///
-/// On Windows or when not printing to a terminal, only printable ASCII
-/// characters should be used.
-bool get canUseSpecialChars => !runningAsTest &&
-    Platform.operatingSystem != 'windows' &&
-    stdioType(stdout) == StdioType.TERMINAL;
-
-/// Gets a "special" string (ANSI escape or Unicode).
-///
-/// On Windows or when not printing to a terminal, returns something else since
-/// those aren't supported.
-String getSpecial(String special, [String onWindows = '']) =>
-    canUseSpecialChars ? special : onWindows;
-
-/// Prepends each line in [text] with [prefix].
-///
-/// If [firstPrefix] is passed, the first line is prefixed with that instead.
-String prefixLines(String text, {String prefix: '| ', String firstPrefix}) {
-  var lines = text.split('\n');
-  if (firstPrefix == null) {
-    return lines.map((line) => '$prefix$line').join('\n');
-  }
-
-  var firstLine = "$firstPrefix${lines.first}";
-  lines = lines.skip(1).map((line) => '$prefix$line').toList();
-  lines.insert(0, firstLine);
-  return lines.join('\n');
-}
-
-/// Whether pub is running as a subprocess in an integration test or in a unit
-/// test that has explicitly set this.
-bool runningAsTest = Platform.environment.containsKey('_PUB_TESTING');
-
-/// Whether today is April Fools' day.
-bool get isAprilFools {
-  // Tests should never see April Fools' output.
-  if (runningAsTest) return false;
-
-  var date = new DateTime.now();
-  return date.month == 4 && date.day == 1;
-}
-
-/// Wraps [fn] to guard against several different kinds of stack overflow
-/// exceptions:
-///
-/// * A sufficiently long [Future] chain can cause a stack overflow if there are
-///   no asynchronous operations in it (issue 9583).
-/// * A recursive function that recurses too deeply without an asynchronous
-///   operation can cause a stack overflow.
-/// * Even if the former is guarded against by adding asynchronous operations,
-///   returning a value through the [Future] chain can still cause a stack
-///   overflow.
-Future resetStack(fn()) {
-  // Using a [Completer] breaks the [Future] chain for the return value and
-  // avoids the third case described above.
-  var completer = new Completer();
-
-  // Using [new Future] adds an asynchronous operation that works around the
-  // first and second cases described above.
-  newFuture(fn).then((val) {
-    scheduleMicrotask(() => completer.complete(val));
-  }).catchError((err, stackTrace) {
-    scheduleMicrotask(() => completer.completeError(err, stackTrace));
-  });
-  return completer.future;
-}
-
-/// The subset of strings that don't need quoting in YAML.
-///
-/// This pattern does not strictly follow the plain scalar grammar of YAML,
-/// which means some strings may be unnecessarily quoted, but it's much simpler.
-final _unquotableYamlString = new RegExp(r"^[a-zA-Z_-][a-zA-Z_0-9-]*$");
-
-/// Converts [data], which is a parsed YAML object, to a pretty-printed string,
-/// using indentation for maps.
-String yamlToString(data) {
-  var buffer = new StringBuffer();
-
-  _stringify(bool isMapValue, String indent, data) {
-    // TODO(nweiz): Serialize using the YAML library once it supports
-    // serialization.
-
-    // Use indentation for (non-empty) maps.
-    if (data is Map && !data.isEmpty) {
-      if (isMapValue) {
-        buffer.writeln();
-        indent += '  ';
-      }
-
-      // Sort the keys. This minimizes deltas in diffs.
-      var keys = data.keys.toList();
-      keys.sort((a, b) => a.toString().compareTo(b.toString()));
-
-      var first = true;
-      for (var key in keys) {
-        if (!first) buffer.writeln();
-        first = false;
-
-        var keyString = key;
-        if (key is! String || !_unquotableYamlString.hasMatch(key)) {
-          keyString = JSON.encode(key);
-        }
-
-        buffer.write('$indent$keyString:');
-        _stringify(true, indent, data[key]);
-      }
-
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Everything else we just stringify using JSON to handle escapes in
-    // strings and number formatting.
-    var string = data;
-
-    // Don't quote plain strings if not needed.
-    if (data is! String || !_unquotableYamlString.hasMatch(data)) {
-      string = JSON.encode(data);
-    }
-
-    if (isMapValue) {
-      buffer.write(' $string');
-    } else {
-      buffer.write('$indent$string');
-    }
-  }
-
-  _stringify(false, '', data);
-  return buffer.toString();
-}
-
-/// Throw a [ApplicationException] with [message].
-void fail(String message, [innerError, StackTrace innerTrace]) {
-  if (innerError != null) {
-    throw new WrappedException(message, innerError, innerTrace);
-  } else {
-    throw new ApplicationException(message);
-  }
-}
-
-/// Throw a [DataException] with [message] to indicate that the command has
-/// failed because of invalid input data.
-///
-/// This will report the error and cause pub to exit with [exit_codes.DATA].
-void dataError(String message) => throw new DataException(message);