Add a package for authenticating via OAuth2.

pkg/oauth2/lib/oauth2.dart

+// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// A client library for authenticating with a remote service via OAuth2 on
+/// behalf of a user, and making authorized HTTP requests with the user's OAuth2
+/// credentials.
+///
+/// OAuth2 allows a client (the program using this library) to access and
+/// manipulate a resource that's owned by a resource owner (the end user) and
+/// lives on a remote server. The client directs the resource owner to an
+/// authorization server (usually but not always the same as the server that
+/// hosts the resource), where the resource owner tells the authorization server
+/// to give the client an access token. This token serves as proof that the
+/// client has permission to access resources on behalf of the resource owner.
+///
+/// OAuth2 provides several different methods for the client to obtain
+/// authorization. At the time of writing, this library only supports the
+/// [AuthorizationCodeGrant] method, but further methods may be added in the
+/// future. The following example uses this method to authenticate, and assumes
+/// that the library is being used by a server-side application.
+///
+///     import 'dart:io'
+///     import 'dart:uri'
+///     import 'package:oauth2/oauth2.dart' as oauth2;
+///
+///     // These URLs are endpoints that are provided by the authorization
+///     // server. They're usually included in the server's documentation of its
+///     // OAuth2 API.
+///     final Uri authorizationEndpoint =
+///         new Uri.fromString("http://example.com/oauth2/authorization");
+///     final Uri tokenEndpoint =
+///         new Uri.fromString("http://example.com/oauth2/token");

[Bob Nystrom, 2012/11/16 19:53:30]

Nit, but I wouldn't bother to type annotate these (and below).

[nweiz, 2012/11/17 01:06:27]

Done.

+///     
+///     // The authorization server will issue each client a separate client
+///     // identifier and secret, which allows the server to tell which client
+///     // is accessing it. Some servers may also have an anonymous
+///     // identifier/secret pair that any client may use.
+///     //
+///     // Note that clients whose source code or binary executable is readily
+///     // available may not be able to make sure the client secret is kept a
+///     // secret. This is fine; OAuth2 servers generally won't rely on knowing
+///     // with certainty that a client is who it claims to be.
+///     final String identifier = "my client identifier";
+///     final String secret = "my client secret";
+///
+///     // This is a URL on your application's server. The authorization server
+///     // will redirect the resource owner here once they've authorized the
+///     // client. The redirection will include the authorization code in the
+///     // query parameters.
+///     final Uri redirectUrl = new Uri.fromString(
+///         "http://my-site.com/oauth2-redirect");
+///     
+///     var credentialsFile = new File("~/.myapp/credentials.json");
+///     return credentialsFile.exists().chain((exists) {
+///       // If the OAuth2 credentials have already been saved from a previous
+///       // run, we just want to reload them.
+///       if (exists) {
+///         return credentialsFile.readAsText().transform((json) {
+///           var credentials = new oauth2.Credentials.fromJson(json);
+///           return new oauth2.Client(identifier, secret, credentials);
+///         });
+///       }
+///     
+///       // If we don't have OAuth2 credentials yet, we need to get the
+///       // resource owner to authorize us. We're assuming here that we're a
+///       // command-line application.
+///       var grant = new oauth2.AuthorizationCodeGrant(
+///           identifier, secret, authorizationEndpoint, tokenEndpoint);
+///     
+///       // Redirect the resource owner to the authorization URL. This will be
+///       // a URL on the authorization server (authorizationEndpoint with some
+///       // additional query parameters). Once the resource owner has
+///       // authorized, they'll be redirected to `redirectUrl` with an
+///       // authorization code.
+///       //
+///       // `redirect` is an imaginary function that redirects the resource
+///       // owner's browser.
+///       return redirect(grant.getAuthorizationUrl(redirectUrl)).chain((_) {
+///         // Another imaginary function that listens for a request to
+///         // `redirectUrl`.
+///         return listen(redirectUrl);
+///       }).transform((request) {
+///         // Once the user is redirected to `redirectUrl`, pass the query
+///         // parameters the the AuthorizationCodeGrant. It will validate them

[Bob Nystrom, 2012/11/16 19:53:30]

"the the" -> "to the"

[nweiz, 2012/11/17 01:06:27]

Done.

+///         // and extract the authorization code to create a new Client.
+///         return grant.handleAuthorizationResponse(request.queryParameters);
+///       })
+///     }).chain((client) {
+///       // Once you have a Client, you can use it just like any other HTTP
+///       // client.
+///       return client.read("http://example.com/protected-resources.txt")
+///           .transform((result) {
+///         // Once we're done with the client, save the credentials file. This
+///         // ensures that if the credentials were automatically refreshed
+///         // while using the client, the new credentials are available for the
+///         // next run of the program.
+///         return credentialsFile.open(FileMode.WRITE).chain((file) {
+///           return file.writeString(client.credentials.toJson());
+///         }).chain((file) => file.close()).transform((_) => result);
+///       });
+///     }).then(print);

[Bob Nystrom, 2012/11/16 19:53:30]

Wonderful example. Nicely done.

[nweiz, 2012/11/17 01:06:27]

Thanks! It was kind of a pain, but I'm glad it's there.

+library oauth2;
+
+export 'src/authorization_code_grant.dart';
+export 'src/client.dart';
+export 'src/credentials.dart';
+export 'src/authorization_exception.dart';