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-Copyright 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
- |
-This file is part of the GNU MP Library. |
- |
-The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
-it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your |
-option) any later version. |
- |
-The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
-WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY |
-or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public |
-License for more details. |
- |
-You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
-along with the GNU MP Library. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
-Terms Used In This Document: |
- ISA = Instruction Set Architecture. The instructions the current |
- processor provides. |
- ABI = Application Binary Interface. Specifies calling convention, |
- type sizes, etc. |
- AR64 = Arithmetic operations are 64-bit using 64-bit instructions |
- (E.g., addition, subtraction, load, store, of 64-bit integer types |
- are done with single instructions, not 32 bits at a time.) |
- Environment = The operating system and compiler. |
- |
-GMP is a very complex package to build since its speed is very |
-sensitive to the ISA and ABI. For example, if the ISA provides 64-bit |
-instructions, it is crucial that GMP is configured to use them. |
- |
-Most environments that run on a 64-bit ISA provide more than one ABI. |
-Typically one of the supported ABI's is a backward compatible 32-bit |
-ABI, and one ABI provides 64-bit addressing and `long' (sometimes |
-known as LP64). But a few environments (IRIX, HP-UX) provide |
-intermediate ABI's using 32-bit addressing but allow efficient 64-bit |
-operations through a `long long' type. For the latter to be useful to |
-GMP, the ABI must allow operations using the native 64-bit |
-instructions provided by the ISA, and allow passing of 64-bit |
-quantities atomically. |
- |
-The ABI is typically chosen by means of command line options to the |
-compiler tools (gcc, cc, c89, nm, ar, ld, as). Different environments |
-use different defaults, but as of this writing (May 2000) the |
-dominating default is to the plain 32-bit ABI in its most arcane form. |
- |
-The GMP 3.0.x approach was to compile using the ABI that gives the |
-best performance. That places the burden on users to pass special |
-options to the compiler when they compile their GMP applications. |
-That approach has its advantages and disadvantages. The main |
-advantage is that users don't unknowingly get bad GMP performance. |
-The main disadvantage is that users' compiles (actually links) will |
-fail unless they pass special compiler options. |
- |
-** SPARC |
- |
-System vendors often confuse ABI, ISA, and implementation. The worst |
-case is Solaris, were the unbundled compiler confuses ISA and ABI, and |
-the options have very confusing names. |
- |
- option interpretation |
- ====== ============== |
-cc -xarch=v8plus ISA=sparcv9, ABI=V8plus (PTR=32, see below) |
-gcc -mv8plus ISA=sparcv9, ABI=V8plus (see below) |
-cc -xarch=v9 ISA=sparcv9, ABI=V9 (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |
- |
-It's hard to believe, but the option v8plus really means ISA=V9! |
- |
-Solaris releases prior to version 7 running on a V9 CPU fails to |
-save/restore the upper 32 bits of the `i' and `l' registers. The |
-`v8plus' option generates code that use as many V9 features as |
-possible under such circumstances. |
- |
-** MIPS |
- |
-The IRIX 6 compilers gets things right. They have a clear |
-understanding of the differences between ABI and ISA. The option |
-names are descriptive. |
- |
- option interpretation |
- ====== ============== |
-cc -n32 ABI=n32 (implying AR=64, PTR=32) |
-gcc -mabi=n32 ABI=n32 (implying AR=64, PTR=32) |
-cc -64 ABI=64 (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |
-gcc -mabi=64 ABI=64 (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |
-cc -mips3 ISA=mips3 |
-gcc -mips3 ISA=mips3 |
-cc -mips4 ISA=mips4 |
-gcc -mips4 ISA=mips4 |
- |
-** HP-PA |
- |
-HP-UX is somewhat weird, but not as broken as Solaris. |
- |
- option interpretation |
- ====== ============== |
-cc +DA2.0 ABI=32bit (implying AR=64, PTR=32) |
-cc +DD64 ABI=64bit (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |
- |
-Code performing 64-bit arithmetic in the HP-UX 32-bit is not |
-compatible with the 64-bit ABI; the former has a calling convention |
-that passes/returns 64-bit integer quantities as two 32-bit chunks. |
- |
-** PowerPC |
- |
-While the PowerPC ABI's are capable of supporting 64-bit |
-registers/operations, the compilers under AIX are similar to Solaris' |
-cc in that they don't currently provide any 32-bit addressing with |
-64-bit arithmetic. |
- |
- option interpretation |
- ====== ============== |
-cc -q64 ABI=64bit (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |
-gcc -maix64 -mpowerpc64 ABI=64bit (implying AR=64, PTR=64) |