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-Copyright 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
- |
-This file is part of the GNU MP Library. |
- |
-The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
-it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your |
-option) any later version. |
- |
-The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
-WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY |
-or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public |
-License for more details. |
- |
-You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
-along with the GNU MP Library. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
-This directory contains mpn functions for 64-bit V9 SPARC |
- |
-RELEVANT OPTIMIZATION ISSUES |
- |
-Notation: |
- IANY = shift/add/sub/logical/sethi |
- IADDLOG = add/sub/logical/sethi |
- MEM = ld*/st* |
- FA = fadd*/fsub*/f*to*/fmov* |
- FM = fmul* |
- |
-UltraSPARC can issue four instructions per cycle, with these restrictions: |
-* Two IANY instructions, but only one of these may be a shift. If there is a |
- shift and an IANY instruction, the shift must precede the IANY instruction. |
-* One FA. |
-* One FM. |
-* One branch. |
-* One MEM. |
-* IANY/IADDLOG/MEM must be insn 1, 2, or 3 in an issue bundle. Taken branches |
- should not be in slot 4, since that makes the delay insn come from separate |
- bundle. |
-* If two IANY/IADDLOG instructions are to be executed in the same cycle and one |
- of these is setting the condition codes, that instruction must be the second |
- one. |
- |
-To summarize, ignoring branches, these are the bundles that can reach the peak |
-execution speed: |
- |
-insn1 iany iany mem iany iany mem iany iany mem |
-insn2 iaddlog mem iany mem iaddlog iany mem iaddlog iany |
-insn3 mem iaddlog iaddlog fa fa fa fm fm fm |
-insn4 fa/fm fa/fm fa/fm fm fm fm fa fa fa |
- |
-The 64-bit integer multiply instruction mulx takes from 5 cycles to 35 cycles, |
-depending on the position of the most significant bit of the first source |
-operand. When used for 32x32->64 multiplication, it needs 20 cycles. |
-Furthermore, it stalls the processor while executing. We stay away from that |
-instruction, and instead use floating-point operations. |
- |
-Floating-point add and multiply units are fully pipelined. The latency for |
-UltraSPARC-1/2 is 3 cycles and for UltraSPARC-3 it is 4 cycles. |
- |
-Integer conditional move instructions cannot dual-issue with other integer |
-instructions. No conditional move can issue 1-5 cycles after a load. (This |
-might have been fixed for UltraSPARC-3.) |
- |
-The UltraSPARC-3 pipeline is very simular to he one of UltraSPARC-1/2 , but is |
-somewhat slower. Branches execute slower, and there may be other new stalls. |
-But integer multiply doesn't stall the entire CPU and also has a much lower |
-latency. But it's still not pipelined, and thus useless for our needs. |
- |
-STATUS |
- |
-* mpn_lshift, mpn_rshift: The current code runs at 2.0 cycles/limb on |
- UltraSPARC-1/2 and 2.65 on UltraSPARC-3. For UltraSPARC-1/2, the IEU0 |
- functional unit is saturated with shifts. |
- |
-* mpn_add_n, mpn_sub_n: The current code runs at 4 cycles/limb on |
- UltraSPARC-1/2 and 4.5 cycles/limb on UltraSPARC-3. The 4 instruction |
- recurrency is the speed limiter. |
- |
-* mpn_addmul_1: The current code runs at 14 cycles/limb asymptotically on |
- UltraSPARC-1/2 and 17.5 cycles/limb on UltraSPARC-3. On UltraSPARC-1/2, the |
- code sustains 4 instructions/cycle. It might be possible to invent a better |
- way of summing the intermediate 49-bit operands, but it is unlikely that it |
- will save enough instructions to save an entire cycle. |
- |
- The load-use of the u operand is not enough scheduled for good L2 cache |
- performance. The UltraSPARC-1/2 L1 cache is direct mapped, and since we use |
- temporary stack slots that will conflict with the u and r operands, we miss |
- to L2 very often. The load-use of the std/ldx pairs via the stack are |
- perhaps over-scheduled. |
- |
- It would be possible to save two instructions: (1) The mov could be avoided |
- if the std/ldx were less scheduled. (2) The ldx of the r operand could be |
- split into two ld instructions, saving the shifts/masks. |
- |
- It should be possible to reach 14 cycles/limb for UltraSPARC-3 if the fp |
- operations where rescheduled for this processor's 4-cycle latency. |
- |
-* mpn_mul_1: The current code is a straightforward edit of the mpn_addmul_1 |
- code. It would be possible to shave one or two cycles from it, with some |
- labour. |
- |
-* mpn_submul_1: Simpleminded code just calling mpn_mul_1 + mpn_sub_n. This |
- means that it runs at 18 cycles/limb on UltraSPARC-1/2 and 23 cycles/limb on |
- UltraSPARC-3. It would be possible to either match the mpn_addmul_1 |
- performance, or in the worst case use one more instruction group. |
- |
-* US1/US2 cache conflict resolving. The direct mapped L1 date cache of US1/US2 |
- is a problem for mul_1, addmul_1 (and a prospective submul_1). We should |
- allocate a larger cache area, and put the stack temp area in a place that |
- doesn't cause cache conflicts. |